Paris

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Paris, the capital and greatest city of France, serves as a symbol of culturehistory, and innovation in Western Europe. As of January 2023, Paris has an official projected population of 2,102,650 individuals and covers an area exceeding 105 square kilometers (41 square miles), making it the fourth-largest metropolis in the European Union and the 30th most densely inhabited city worldwide in 2022. This city, commonly known as the “City of Light,” has historically been a center of human accomplishment, influencing artliteraturefashionfood, and political ideology for centuries.

The city’s epithet, “City of Light,” emerged in the 17th century, signifying its status as a hub of education and intellectual discourse during the Age of Enlightenment, as well as its pioneering implementation of street lighting. This moniker embodies the twin essence of Paris: a hub of intellectual brilliance and physical radiance. The nickname persists, accurately depicting Paris’s ongoing impact on worldwide culture and its breathtaking nighttime skyline, where renowned landmarks are illuminated in a golden hue.

Paris is the center of the Île-de-France area, usually referred to as the Paris area, which has an estimated population of 12,271,794 as of January 2023, accounting for nearly 19% of France’s overall population. The aggregation of individuals and resources has bolstered the region’s economic strength, with a GDP of €765 billion (US$1.064 trillion, PPP) in 2021, affirming its status as the wealthiest region in the European Union. Nonetheless, this economic robustness is accompanied with a substantial cost of living, with Paris positioned as the ninth most expensive city globally in 2022, as per the Economist Intelligence Unit’s Worldwide Cost of Living Survey.

The city’s advantageous location and sophisticated infrastructure have solidified its position as a significant transportation centerParis is supported by a comprehensive system of trainshighways, and two international airports: Charles de Gaulle Airport, the third-busiest in Europe, and Orly Airport. The Paris Métro, founded in 1900, exemplifies the city’s dedication to urban transportation, accommodating 5.23 million passengers daily and ranking as the second-busiest metro system in Europe, behind Moscow’s. The Gare du Nord, which processed 262 million passengers in 2015, is the 24th busiest train station in the world and the busiest outside Japan, highlighting Paris’s significance as a vital hub in European and worldwide travel.

The transportation system in Paris is both broad and innovative in its environmental efforts. The city has received the Sustainable Transport Award on two occasions, a distinction shared with only one other city globally. This recognition signifies Paris’s continuous endeavors to diminish carbon emissions, enhance public transportation, and foster a more habitable urban landscape for its inhabitants and millions of yearly tourists.

The cultural milieu of Paris is characterized by its illustrious museums and architectural masterpieces. The Louvre, home to invaluable antiques and masterpieces such as the Mona Lisa, is the most-visited art museum globally, attracting 8.9 million visitors in 2023. This remarkable statistic emphasizes both the lasting appeal of Paris’s cultural attractions and the city’s ability to host and motivate large volumes of foreign visitors.

In addition to the LouvreParis features an exceptional array of museums that appeal to various artistic preferences and historical pursuits. The Musée d’Orsay, located in a repurposed railway station, features a remarkable collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art, whilst the Musée Marmottan Monet and Musée de l’Orangerie provide close experiences with Monet’s water lilies and further Impressionist treasures. The Centre Pompidou, featuring its distinctive inside-out architecture, is home to the Musée National d’Art Moderne, which has the biggest collection of modern art in Europe. The Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso offer concentrated examinations of these pivotal artists’ creations, allowing visitors to follow the progression of contemporary sculpture and painting.

The architectural legacy of Paris is remarkable, including styles that span from medieval to contemporary across the cityscape. The historical area along the Seine, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991, embodies centuries of architectural developmentParis presents a visual narrative of Western architectural history, encompassing the Gothic spires of Notre-Dame Cathedral, the Renaissance sophistication of the Louvre, the Baroque opulence of Versailles, and the industrial elegance of the Eiffel Tower.

The worldwide relevance of Paris extends beyond its cultural and historical achievements. The city functions as a vital diplomatic hub, accommodating several international institutions that influence global policy and collaboration. UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, is headquartered in Paris, symbolizing the city’s commitment to promoting international comprehension and safeguarding global history. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and its Development Centre are based in Paris, contributing to worldwide economic research and policy formulation.

Other significant international organizations headquartered in Paris include the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, responsible for upholding global measurement standards; the International Energy Agency, which focuses on global energy security and sustainability; and the International Federation for Human Rights, which promotes human rights globally. European institutions, like the European Space Agency, the European Banking Authority, and the European Securities and Markets Authority, reinforce Paris’s status as a hub of international collaboration and governance.

Paris boasts a remarkable athletic tradition, having hosted various prestigious tournaments and teams. Paris Saint-Germain, a leading European football club, and Stade Français, a prominent rugby union team, are based in the city, attracting global supporters. The Stade de France, an 81,000-seat stadium situated in the adjacent commune of Saint-Denis, serves as a testament to sporting brilliance, constructed for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and perpetually hosting significant international events.

The athletic calendar of Paris features premier events in several disciplines. The French Open, one of the four Grand Slam tournaments in tennis, occurs annually on the renowned red clay courts of Roland Garros, drawing the world’s elite players and tennis aficionados. The concluding stage of the Tour de France, cycling’s premier competition, customarily culminates on the Champs-Élysées, offering a magnificent conclusion set against the backdrop of Paris’s most renowned boulevard.

Paris has a unique association with the Olympic Games, having been designated as the host city for the Summer Olympics on three occasions: 1900, 1924, and most recently in 2024. Paris is now the third city in history to hold the Summer Olympics three times, reflecting its lasting allure and ability to organize events of international importance. The city has hosted many FIFA World Cups, including the men’s tournaments in 1938 and 1998, the women’s tournament in 2019, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, and multiple UEFA European Championships.

Euro (€) (EUR)

Currency

3rd century BC (as Lutetia)

Founded

+33 1

Calling code

2,102,650

Population

105.4 km² (40.7 sq mi)

Area

French

Official language

35 m (115 ft) average

Elevation

CET (UTC+1) / CEST (UTC+2)

Time zone

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