Best Preserved Ancient Cities: Timeless Walled Cities
Popular destinationsPrecisely built to be the last line of protection for historic cities and their people, massive stone walls are silent sentinels from a bygone age.…
Located on the Seine’s left bank, Paris is a city whose skyline is dominated by historic monuments and elegant boulevards. It has long been one of the world’s great capitals, a global center of finance, culture, fashion and cuisine. Because it was among the first European cities to adopt extensive street lighting and was a central hub of Enlightenment thought, Paris earned the nickname La Ville Lumière (the “City of Light”) in the 19th century. In modern times Paris draws roughly fifty million visitors a year, all eager to experience its storied architecture, world-class museums and celebrated way of life. Paris’s historic core (the Seine riverbanks and bridges) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a testament to the city’s rich cultural legacy.
As of early 2025, the city of Paris proper covers about 105 square kilometers and is home to an estimated 2,048,472 residents. This makes Paris the largest city in France and the fourth-most populous city in the European Union. The broader Île-de-France region (Greater Paris) has roughly 12 million inhabitants (2023 data), accounting for nearly one-fifth of France’s population. Economically, the Paris metropolitan area is the powerhouse of France – its GDP was about €765 billion in 2021, the highest of any European city-regional economy. Life in Paris also ranks expensive: by one major cost-of-living survey, the city was ranked ninth in the world for expense (2022 data). In practical terms, visitors will note high hotel rates and pricey dining, though a range of budget options (bistros, street markets and cafés) remains available.
Paris lies in north-central France, about 400 kilometers from the English Channel coast. It sits astride a broad bend in the River Seine, in the heart of the Paris Basin. The city itself is fairly flat (averaging about 35 meters above sea level), though several low hills provide notable viewpoints: most famously Montmartre in the north (96 m) and Belleville in the east (an artificial hill 128 m). The Seine’s natural islands (notably the Île de la Cité) have anchored Paris since antiquity. The Paris region is largely agricultural plains beyond the city, with the Bois de Boulogne to the west and Bois de Vincennes to the east forming extensive green belts.
Paris has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Winters are cool and fairly damp; snow is uncommon and brief. Summer brings comfortable warmth. Average highs are generally in the low to mid-20s°C (75–78°F) in July and August, though short heat waves can occasionally push temperatures into the 30s°C (90s°F). Spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October) enjoy mild days (around 15–20°C) and refreshing evenings. Rainfall is moderate and fairly evenly spread through the year – May tends to be the wettest month. In winter the thermometer rarely drops far below 0°C (32°F). All told, Paris’s climate is favorable for year-round travel: each season has its virtues (green parks in spring, long daylight in summer, golden foliage in autumn, holiday lights in winter) and none is extreme enough to be prohibitive.
Paris is undeniably French-speaking – le français is the city’s official language, and almost all residents conduct their daily lives in French. That said, Paris is cosmopolitan: you will hear many accents and languages on the streets, and English is widely understood in hotels, tourist venues and businesses. In neighborhoods less frequented by tourists, English is less common, so polite French phrases always help. The city’s local lifestyle still hinges on café and neighborhood life. Parisians cherish their sidewalk cafés, where a morning espresso or leisurely afternoon cognac is part of the routine. Daytime Pauses for coffee and conversation are common, and evening dinner often starts later than in some countries (8–9pm is normal). Parisians generally dress with an eye toward classic style and sartorial flair – it is often said that Parisians favor muted, elegant colors, but you will see every mode from haute couture to relaxed casual.
Paris has a famously “cultured” atmosphere. Around every corner are reminders that this city propelled world art and science. Institutions like the Sorbonne (founded in 1200) and the salons and cafes of the Enlightenment hosted great thinkers, while the grand theaters, concert halls and operas of the 19th century (e.g. Palais Garnier) still echo with ballet and opera. Today Paris pulses with creativity: fashion houses on Avenue Montaigne and Rue Saint-Honoré set trends, and cutting-edge designers mingle with literary cafes and film festivals. All these threads – history, high culture, style and gastronomy – combine into what the Paris Region tourism agency calls the area’s famous “art de vivre”.
For decades and centuries, Paris has enchanted visitors as the European city. Its appeal rests on layers of history and beauty. One simple measure: surveys repeatedly show Paris as one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations (2018 saw about 50 million foreign visitors). Its monuments and museums contain treasures of global significance. For example, Paris was the cradle of numerous art movements (from Impressionism to Cubism), and its galleries (the Louvre in particular) house the masterpieces of Western art. The city has also long been a center of intellectual life: from medieval universities to Enlightenment salons, to the philosophers and writers of the 20th century, Paris drew the world’s thinkers.
Thus the city’s nickname, the “City of Light,” reflects not just literal streetlamps but a metaphorical illumination – Paris has been a beacon of ideas, innovation and creativity. Its atmosphere invites romanticism as well: tree-lined promenades along the Seine, evening strolls through the Louvre courtyard, dinner by candlelight in Marais cafés. The very density of landmarks (the Eiffel Tower, Notre-Dame, Sacré-Cœur, the Champs-Élysées, etc.) makes Paris feel like a living museum. Centuries of art and architecture coexist with cafés and markets, so the city never feels static. All these factors – heritage and modern life melded together – are what continue to captivate travelers, artists and dreamers who visit the “City of Light.”
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Long before Paris became a capital, the site was inhabited. Archaeology shows settlements in the Paris area dating back to at least the Neolithic (around 4500 BC). The city’s first known name comes from the Gallic tribe called the Parisii, who around the mid-3rd century BC built a fortified village on the Île de la Cité. The Parisii minted coins and constructed wooden palisades and bridges across the Seine. In 52 BC, during Julius Caesar’s conquest of Gaul, a Roman army defeated the Parisii. The Romans then established a garrison town called Lutetia on the island and adjoining banks. Over the next centuries, Roman Lutetia grew into a prosperous regional city (with amphitheaters, baths and villas), laying the groundwork for the future capital. By the late 3rd century AD the name Parisius (Paris) had come into use in Latin, and by the 5th century it was simply called Paris.
With the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, Paris evolved under the Franks into a medieval center. Early on, its location made it a political hub – Clovis and later the Carolingian kings reigned in the region. From the High Middle Ages onward Paris was also an intellectual powerhouse. Cathedral and monastery schools attracted scholars, and by the 12th century the city’s famed Latin Quarter on the Left Bank housed the University of Paris. In fact, University of Paris began to take shape around 1150 and was formally chartered by King Philip II in 1200 (with papal approval in 1215). The Sorbonne (theology college) was founded by Robert de Sorbon in 1257, after which the university would dominate European theology and philosophy for centuries.
The medieval era also saw a flowering of Parisian architecture, especially Gothic cathedrals. The shift from Romanesque to Gothic began nearby, at the Basilica of Saint-Denis. Abbot Suger (1122–1151) reconstructed Saint-Denis with pioneering ribbed vaults and nearly glass-like walls of stained glass – elements that defined the new Gothic style. Inspired, Bishop Maurice de Sully laid the first stones of Notre-Dame Cathedral on Île de la Cité in 1163. The cathedral’s choir was consecrated in 1182, and the main construction work (the two towers and rose windows) continued through the 13th century. Nearby, King Philip II (Philip Augustus) built a new wall around the city and transformed the Louvre from a modest fortress to a royal palace.
By the late Middle Ages, Paris had grown into a metropolis by any standard of the time. Around 1328 its population may have been as high as 200,000, making it the largest city in Europe. Under King Louis IX (Saint Louis, 1226–1270) it became not only a religious center (Louis built the Sainte-Chapelle to house Christian relics) but also a cultural one. In sum, medieval Paris set the stage as a great seat of learning and Gothic architectural innovation.
During the Renaissance, Paris stayed at the heart of French royal power while embracing new ideas from Italy. In the 16th century King Francis I (reigned 1515–1547) invited Renaissance artists and thinkers to Paris. He invited Leonardo da Vinci to the French court, and in 1534 he became the first French king to actually live in the Louvre Palace. Under Francis and his successors, the medieval Louvre was gradually transformed into a splendid Renaissance palace. Francis also founded the Collège de France in 1530 to teach Greek, Hebrew and mathematics (a move echoing humanist universities elsewhere). King Henry II (r.1547–1559) and Queen Catherine de’ Medici continued embellishing Paris: Henry completed a new city hall (Hôtel de Ville) and built the Pont Neuf (the “New Bridge”), while Catherine initiated the Tuileries Palace (begun 1564) and gardens beside the Louvre.
The 17th and early 18th centuries were an era of magnificence and absolutism. Under Louis XIV, Paris was rebuilt to reflect royal prestige (for example, the Place Vendôme column and Hôtel des Invalides). But by the 1700s, Paris was also the intellectual heart of Europe. The cafés and salons of Paris buzzed with Enlightenment discussion. Diderot, d’Alembert and others compiled the Encyclopédie (published 1751–72) in Paris, symbolizing the Age of Reason. By the 1720s Paris had some 400 public cafés, which became the meeting places of philosophers, writers and artists. Luminaries such as Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu and many others debated in these cafés and salons. Nobles too were active: the aristocratic quarter of Faubourg Saint-Germain filled with opulent mansions (for example the future Élysée Palace and Hôtel Matignon). Paris in this period was at once a marketplace of ideas and a showcase of French grandeur, setting the stage for even more radical change.
By 1789, Paris had reached its prerevolutionary peak in prestige but also in social tension. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 famously marked the beginning of the French Revolution. In the years that followed, the city was swept by political turmoil: monarchy was abolished, King Louis XVI was executed in 1793, and Paris alternated between royalist and revolutionary rule. Through these upheavals (including the Terror and the rise of Napoleon), life in the city changed drastically. Parisian institutions – from the Paris Commune to the new police force – evolved quickly.
The Revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte took power in 1799. As Emperor (from 1804), Napoleon set out to transform Paris into a capital worthy of his empire. He ordered ambitious building projects. In 1802 he constructed the Pont des Arts – the city’s first iron-framed bridge (now a pedestrian footbridge). In 1806 he decreed the creation of a monumental ceremonial arch at the western end of Paris’s main avenue – the Arc de Triomphe – to celebrate his military victories. (The great arch was only completed in 1836, long after his fall.) Napoleon also undertook public works to modernize the city: he initiated the Canal de l’Ourcq and reservoirs at La Villette to bring fresh water to Parisians. Some grand plans went unrealized (for example, his proposed Elephant fountain at the Bastille site was only begun). After Napoleon’s defeat (1815) and exile, Paris briefly reverted to monarchy, but the changes he made left a lasting imprint. His projects paved the way for the complete rebuilding of the city in the next era.
It was under Napoleon’s nephew, Emperor Napoleon III, that Paris was truly remade into its modern form. In 1853 Napoleon III appointed Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann as city prefect and charged him with a massive urban renewal. Over the next seventeen years Haussmann completely transformed Paris. Medieval quarters were demolished to create wide, tree-lined boulevards and squares. The narrow lanes around the Île de la Cité were cleared away to build a new Palais de Justice and prefecture on the island. Haussmann imposed strict building codes: all new buildings along the grand boulevards were to be of uniform height and classical style, faced in cream-coloured stone (the characteristic look seen today). He also modernized the city infrastructure: new train stations (Gare du Nord, Gare de Lyon) were erected to connect Paris by rail, and miles of new sewers and water mains were installed beneath the streets. By the 1870s Paris was unrecognizable from its medieval past: instead of tangled alleys there were sweeping avenues, parks (like Bois de Boulogne and Luxembourg Gardens) created, and iconic buildings such as the Palais Garnier opera house (completed 1875) added grandeur. Haussmann’s Paris was the model for many future cities – a network of grand vistas and monuments that defines the modern “Paris look.”
The late 19th and early 20th centuries brought both prosperity and catastrophe to Paris. The Belle Époque (roughly 1871–1914) was an era of optimism and creativity. Paris hosted World’s Fairs in 1878, 1889 and 1900 – the latter giving the world the Eiffel Tower (1889) and the Grand Palais/Petit Palais structures. Advances like the Paris Metro (opened 1900) and the first public film screening (1895, by the Lumière brothers) announced Paris as a leader of modern innovation. Artists converged on Paris’s vibrant neighborhoods: Impressionism began there in the 1870s, and by the 1900s avant-garde movements like Cubism and Fauvism had been born in Montmartre and Montparnasse. Literary salons and cafés hosted figures like Marcel Proust, Henri Matisse painted in Montparnasse studios, and Russian impresario Diaghilev brought Ballets Russes to Paris.
Tragically, this golden age was disrupted by two world wars. In World War I (1914–1918), Paris faced artillery bombardment and food shortages (it even shortened some street names to save ink on signs), but it remained under French control behind the Western Front. The city’s youth marched off to battle, but Parisian life also mobilized for war (with monument building and national unity). After the Armistice in 1918, Paris entered the interwar period as a global cultural capital. The Roaring Twenties saw expatriate writers (Hemingway, Fitzgerald) and artists flocking to Montparnasse, nightclubs and jazz clubs filled Saint-Germain, and Surrealism and Existentialism took shape in Left Bank cafés.
In World War II Paris paid a heavier price. French forces were pushed back in 1940, and Germany occupied Paris on 22 June 1940. For four years the city was under Nazi military rule. Life was tense: curfews, rationing, and the tragic deportation of many Parisians (especially Jews). Still, pockets of resistance operated secretly. In August 1944, Allied forces and the French Resistance liberated Paris. The German garrison surrendered on 25 August 1944, ending occupation. General Charles de Gaulle marched down the Champs-Élysées to declare the city free. After the war, Paris slowly rebuilt once more. In the late 20th century it again regained its status as a world center: the 1920s-30s had seen the construction of modernist landmarks (e.g. Palais de Chaillot for the 1937 Exposition), and post-war Paris hosted international summits and became a home for art nouveau (Nouvelle Vague films, existentialist philosophy).
Today Paris remains an ever-evolving city that blends tradition with the contemporary. Its skyline still features Haussmannian rooftops and church spires, but modern glass office towers (like the Montparnasse Tower and La Défense district) show 21st-century Paris. The population is very diverse: roughly one in five Parisians was born abroad (20.3% in the 2011 census), reflecting waves of immigration from Europe, Africa and Asia since the 19th century. This multiculturalism contributes to Paris’s vibrant culture – from North African cuisine to African fashion designers, from European academic communities to Asian art centers – making it a true global city.
Paris also faces 21st-century challenges and initiatives. The city is undertaking major public-works projects: for example, the Grand Paris Express will add 200 kilometers of new automated metro lines and dozens of stations around the city by 2030. In 2024 Paris is preparing to host the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games (its third time doing so), prompting new construction and urban improvements. Environmental concerns have led Paris to promote sustainable transit: in recent years the city added dozens of kilometers of protected bike lanes and expanded its electric bus and tram networks.
One dramatic symbol of Paris’s resilience was the restoration of Notre-Dame Cathedral. On 15 April 2019 a massive fire engulfed the Gothic landmark, destroying its spire and wooden roof. Parisians and millions worldwide watched as centuries of history seemed to collapse. A huge international effort followed, and by 7 December 2024 Notre-Dame was officially reopened to the public. This phoenix-like recovery – rebuilding the cathedral in five years – exemplifies Paris’s determination to preserve its heritage for the future. As of 2025, Paris remains one of the world’s richest and most influential cities. Its economy (roughly $1 trillion in GDP) is the largest in Europe, and it continues to set trends in art, fashion, gastronomy and diplomacy. Yet through all these changes, Paris has retained the core of its identity: a city steeped in history and art, constantly renewed and endlessly fascinating.
Paris can be enjoyed in any season, but the mood and conditions vary. High season is summer (June through August) and the Christmas/New Year holidays. Summer offers long, warm days (highs often in the mid-20s °C) ideal for sightseeing and outdoor cafés. However, summer is also when hotels and airlines cost the most, and crowds at major attractions (Eiffel Tower, Louvre, etc.) are at their peak. Shoulder seasons – spring (April–May) and fall (September–November) – are often recommended for balance. Late spring brings the city’s gardens into bloom and generally pleasant temperatures, though a few rainy days are possible (May can be quite wet). Fall (particularly September–October) usually has crisp, clear weather and thinner crowds (with summer’s tourists gone). These months often feature Paris Fashion Week and harvest festivals; the light turns golden over the avenues.
Winter in Paris is cool but not severe. Average daytime temperatures are just above freezing. While January–February can be chilly (rarely dipping below -5 °C), major snowfall is uncommon. The benefit of winter is very light crowds (except around Christmas and New Year’s) and festive decorations. Christmas markets pop up at the Tuileries and along the Champs-Élysées, and the Eiffel Tower is lit up with holiday lights. If you are prepared for shorter days (sunset as early as 5pm), winter can be a charming time to visit cheaply.
In summary, if you want the very best weather and don’t mind crowds, summer is ideal. If you prefer fewer tourists and lower prices while still enjoying mild weather, late spring and early fall are excellent. Many Paris veterans particularly favor late September or early October, when the city is still lively and the trees are turning color. Paris rarely has severe weather, so even winter offers attractions (indoor museums, cozy brasseries, and a chance to see Paris under Christmas lights). No matter when you go, plan ahead for major holidays: some attractions may have reduced hours or closures on December 25 and January 1.
More time is always better, but even a short visit can capture Paris’s highlights. A long weekend (2–3 days) can cover the essentials: one morning at the Louvre, an afternoon climbing (or viewing) the Eiffel Tower and walking along the Seine; a separate day in the Latin Quarter, visiting Notre-Dame (or its exterior) and Sainte-Chapelle, and wandering Saint-Germain; and an evening enjoying Montmartre and the Sacré-Cœur. This schedule is hectic and relies on skipping lines and moving briskly. It gives a taste of Paris but only scratches the surface.
A medium-length stay (4–5 days) allows a fuller experience. In addition to the core sites above, you could spend time at the Musée d’Orsay, stroll the Champs-Élysées to the Arc de Triomphe, and explore a couple of specific neighborhoods (e.g. trendy Marais or upscale 7th arrondissement). You could also include a half-day trip to Versailles (see below) or a leisurely dinner at a classic bistro. A 5-day trip might even allow one evening concert or a night cruise on the Seine.
For a week or more, you begin to explore Paris more deeply. You can amble at a relaxed pace, revisit favorite spots, and see off-the-beaten-path sights (for example, hidden courtyards in the Marais or street art in Belleville). Longer visits can also include day trips beyond Versailles: for example, a train trip to Monet’s gardens at Giverny or to the cathedral at Chartres. Week-long stays let you experience Parisians’ daily life: time in markets, multiple café stops, walking through different arrondissements just to soak in the atmosphere.
In practice, plan at least 3 full days for your first trip. This covers the essentials without excessive rushing. Use those days strategically: Group sites by location and buy tickets online when possible (to save queuing). If you have the time, extend to a week to transition from mere sightseeing to truly experiencing Paris’s rhythm.
Paris is one of the world’s great transport hubs. By air, the main gateways are Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG) and Orly Airport. CDG (Roissy) lies about 25 km northeast of the city center and is France’s largest airport – in 2023 it was the third-busiest in Europe. Orly lies to the south of Paris. Both have frequent international flights and are served by trains, buses and shuttles into the city. For example, the RER B commuter train connects CDG to central Paris (stopping at Gare du Nord, Châtelet-Les Halles, and more). A smaller airport, Beauvais, handles some low-cost airlines (mostly to London and Eastern Europe).
By train, Paris has six major railway stations, each serving different regions and countries. Gare du Nord (in the 10th arrondissement) handles northern France and international lines – it is the terminus for Eurostar trains from London and Thalys trains from Brussels and Amsterdam. Gare de l’Est (10th arr.) serves destinations to the east (Germany). Gare de Lyon (12th arr.) connects to the southeast (Lyon, Marseille, Switzerland, Italy). Gare Montparnasse (14th arr.) goes to western and southwestern France (Bordeaux, Rennes). Gare Saint-Lazare (8th arr.) covers Normandy, and Gare d’Austerlitz (13th arr.) serves central France. Within minutes of Paris these TGV lines bring travelers from cities like Lyon, Lille, Nantes, Strasbourg or Avignon. National rail operator SNCF also runs frequent regional trains from these stations. Paris’s high-speed and commuter rail networks make it easy to arrive from anywhere in France or Europe.
If arriving by car, six radial autoroutes (motorways) lead into Paris (for example A1 from Lille/London, A6 from Lyon/Marseille, A13 from Normandy). The city is ringed by the Périphérique freeway, which encircles Paris. Driving in central Paris can be challenging because of traffic and scarce parking. Many Parisians and visitors opt to park outside the city and use public transit. Note that major highways converge and are often congested at rush hours.
Once in Paris, most sightseeing areas are reachable via public transport. Consider using the Métro or RER (see below) rather than driving. Taxis are widely available (look for cars with illuminated “TAXI” signs), and rideshare apps (Uber, Bolt) also operate in Paris. However, during peak times even taxis get stuck in traffic. If you do drive in Paris, be aware that left-lane driving (right-hand traffic) and strict parking controls are the rule. In general, it is easiest to leave the car parked outside and navigate the city on foot or by transit.
Paris’s public transportation is both extensive and efficient – the city won major awards for sustainability of transit. The backbone is the Métro (Paris subway) and RER (commuter rail). The Métro has 16 lines (numbered 1 to 14, plus 3bis and 7bis) and some 321 stations as of 2025. It runs frequently (often every 2–5 minutes) from about 5:30 am until after midnight. Nearly every central neighborhood and sight is within a few minutes of a Métro stop. RER trains A, B, C, D and E complement the Métro by serving suburbs and express city routes: for example, RER A and B run east–west and north–south through the center, connecting distant suburbs with key hubs (like Châtelet-Les Halles station, where multiple lines intersect). RER trains are faster for long trips but have fewer stops. Together, Métro and RER make most of Paris accessible without needing a car.
Buses and trams provide surface options as well. Paris has dozens of bus routes running day and night, reaching corners that the Métro does not. Night buses (Noctilien) keep major arteries served after the Métro closes. Several tramway lines circle around the outer arrondissements, ideal for exploring peripheral neighborhoods. In recent years the city has expanded cycling infrastructure: Paris built dozens of kilometers of protected bike lanes in its “plan vélo”. The popular Vélib’ system (self-service bicycle rentals) allows short rides on shared city bikes. For short trips within central Paris, walking is also highly practical – the distances between monuments are quite walkable (for example, the Louvre to Notre-Dame is just 2 km along the river).
Paris’s transit is generally easy to use, especially with a bit of preparation. A rechargeable ticket (“Navigo” or “Paris Visite” pass) can be used on all Métro, RER, bus and tram lines within Zones 1–3. Signs in stations and inside vehicles usually have English instructions in addition to French. Even so, learning a few French phrases (“Bonjour,” “Merci,” etc.) will smooth interactions. Taxis and ride-share cars are easy to hail, but they cost significantly more and are subject to congestion. In fact, Paris’s official award as a leader in sustainable transit reflects the relative speed and coverage of the Métro/RER. For most visitors, mastering the Métro map and buying a multi-day pass is the best strategy.
Paris offers a variety of city passes that can be cost-effective if used fully. The Paris Museum Pass (in 2-, 4-, or 6-day durations) grants skip-the-line entry to dozens of attractions: nearly every major museum, cathedral (e.g. Sainte-Chapelle), and historical monument is included. For an intense sightseeing schedule, the Pass often pays off. For example, two days in Paris packed with Louvre, Orsay, Arc de Triomphe, Pantheon and a guided tour of Versailles would cost more in individual tickets than a 2-day pass. The Museum Pass also waives the need to queue, which can be a huge time saver.
Paris also has combined city cards (sometimes called the Paris Pass or Paris Passlib’) that bundle museum access with transportation or tours. These can save money for visitors planning to ride transit frequently and see many paid sites. However, one must use them wisely. The Eiffel Tower’s upper deck and the top of Notre-Dame (when it reopens) are not covered by standard passes (tickets for the Eiffel Tower summit must be purchased separately). Likewise, some special exhibitions or newer attractions may require a surcharge. In practice, the pass is worth it if you intend to see at least 3–4 major sites per day. If you prefer a leisurely pace or focus on free attractions (parks, neighborhood walks, free museum days), then buying tickets a la carte could be cheaper. In short: do some math based on your itinerary. The advantage of the Paris passes is convenience (one purchase, less queuing) and a bit of savings when your schedule is packed. But if your Paris trip is casual (a couple of museums and lots of strolling), they might not pay for themselves.
No visit to Paris is complete without seeing the Eiffel Tower. This wrought-iron lattice tower, completed in 1889, has become the enduring symbol of the city (and France). Designed by engineer Gustave Eiffel for the 1889 Exposition Universelle (World’s Fair), the tower was originally intended as a temporary exhibit. At 330 meters tall, it surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest structure in the world – a title it held for 41 years. Parisians initially criticized the tower’s bold design, but public opinion soon turned. Today it is affectionately nicknamed “La Dame de Fer” (the Iron Lady) and is the most recognized icon of Paris. In the evening it sparkles on the hour with thousands of golden lights – a scene beloved by both locals and visitors.
Visitors can ascend the Eiffel Tower to enjoy panoramic views. There are three levels open to the public. The first two platforms (at 58 m and 115 m) house souvenir shops, cafés and a restaurant (the first and second floors have the 58 Tour Eiffel brasserie and the Jules Verne Michelin-starred dining room, respectively). Stairs lead up to the second floor – a climb of about 600 steps – but most tourists use elevators to reach the higher levels. The highest platform (at 276 m) offers breathtaking 360° views of Paris: on a clear day you can see for miles in every direction. It is the highest public observation deck in the European Union. Tickets (especially to the summit) should be booked well in advance, as lines can be very long. Many guidebooks recommend visiting late in the day: for example, watching sunset over the city from the tower is unforgettable.
Since 2019, approximately six million people climb the tower each year (its annual visitor count has been around 6–7 million in recent years). If you prefer to stay on the ground, the view of the tower itself from the Champ de Mars park or the Trocadéro esplanade (across the river) is equally iconic. In short, whether you ride up or simply gaze from below, the Eiffel Tower is Paris’s must-see landmark.
Fronting the Tuileries Garden, the Louvre is the largest art museum on Earth and the former royal palace of France. Its vast collection spans prehistory to the 19th century, encompassing works from every major civilization. Highlights include the Mona Lisa (Leonardo da Vinci), the ancient Venus de Milo and Winged Victory of Samothrace statues, Egyptian antiquities, Islamic art, and grand Baroque paintings (like David’s Coronation of Napoleon). Nearly 500,000 artworks are in the Louvre’s holdings (though only about 35,000 are on display at any time). The Louvre welcomed roughly 8.7 million visitors in 2023, making it the world’s most-visited museum.
Beyond the Mona Lisa, other masterpieces are essential viewing. For example, Jacques-Louis David’s Liberty Leading the People (1830) and Théodore Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa hang in the Denon wing. Sculptures like Michelangelo’s Rebellious Slave and works by Titian and Caravaggio are spread through the Sully and Richelieu wings. Art lovers often plan in advance which galleries to see.
Tips for visitors: The Louvre is huge and can overwhelm the unprepared. A good strategy is to enter via the underground Hall Napoléon (beneath the Louvre Pyramid), where you will have your ticket checked. A museum map or guidebook app is invaluable – decide beforehand whether you will focus on, say, the Italian Renaissance paintings or the Greek antiquities. The crowds can be immense, so purchasing skip-the-line tickets or joining a timed-entry tour will save hours. Stopping to rest in the garden or the museum’s cafés can refresh you between long gallery sessions. (In summer, the fountains and lawn of the Tuileries are a perfect place to relax after a Louvre visit.) In any case, even a brief visit to the Louvre connects you to centuries of art history and the opulent legacy of French kings.
The Louvre’s collection is too vast to see in one day. Aside from the Mona Lisa and the famous statues already mentioned, seek out these gems: The Coronation of Napoleon (Jacques-Louis David, a massive painting in the Denon wing); Grande Odalisque (Ingres); The Lacemaker (Vermeer); and The Oath of the Horatii (David). In ancient art, marvel at the Code of Hammurabi stele (ancient Babylonian law) and the Seated Scribe (Egyptian). Many visitors make a beeline for the Egyptian Antiquities (Richelieu ground floor) and the Arts of the Islamic World (a small but exquisite collection upstairs). Each wing contains dozens of works that are world-class. A useful rule is: never underestimate the lesser-known gallery – often a dusty corner will hide a breath-taking fresco or an exquisite medieval manuscript.
Entering the Louvre through its 1989 glass Pyramid (a modern icon in its own right) leads you into the Hall Napoléon, from which you can easily access all three wings. To avoid confusion, pick up a museum map immediately: each wing (Denon, Sully and Richelieu) is vast. Don’t try to see everything. Plan by gallery or by art period. For example, if you want Impressionist paintings (held at Musée d’Orsay, not the Louvre), save your Louvre time for medieval to Baroque. The Egyptian wing (in Sully) contains a remarkable intact tomb chamber and sarcophagi; the Richelieu wing houses French Crown Jewels and decorative arts. Audio guides are available in multiple languages, which can help bring context to the art. The museum’s amenities (cafeterias and bookshop) are convenient but expect crowds, especially at lunchtime. Finally, remember that the Louvre closes on Tuesdays – many visitors make the mistake of arriving on a closed day.
Paris’s medieval heart beats strongest on Île de la Cité, where Notre-Dame Cathedral stands as the epitome of French Gothic. Construction began in 1163 under Bishop Maurice de Sully and was largely completed by 1260. Its soaring buttresses and iconic twin towers have graced the Paris skyline for centuries. Notre-Dame was the site of kings’ coronations (including Napoleon in 1804) and of national ceremonies. Among its treasures were the Crown of Thorns and a 9th-century reliquary, though these were moved to safer locations in the 21st century. The stained-glass rose windows (13th century) are masterpieces of Gothic light.
In April 2019 Notre-Dame suffered a catastrophic fire: its wooden roof and 19th-century spire were destroyed. The tragedy was felt worldwide. A heroic reconstruction effort followed. As of December 7, 2024, Notre-Dame has been reopened to the public, five years after the fire. Visitors now can see the painstakingly restored interior (much of which survived) and admire the reconstructed roof and spire from the Place Jean-Paul II. Climbing the towers (when allowed) gives close-up views of the cathedral’s gargoyles and a view over Paris. Notre-Dame’s story — from its 12th-century foundation to rebirth in the 21st century — makes it a symbol of Parisian heritage and resilience.
Rising at the west end of a grand Parisian avenue, the Arc de Triomphe is a massive triumphal arch honoring France’s military heroes. Napoleon Bonaparte commissioned it in 1806 (to celebrate his victory at Austerlitz), and it was finally inaugurated in 1836. The arch stands 50 meters high atop the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly Place de l’Étoile), where twelve broad avenues radiate outward like a star. Its four massive sculptural reliefs depict scenes of French victories, and the names of hundreds of generals are inscribed on its surfaces. Below the vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier – buried there in 1920 as a memorial to those lost in World War I – over which an eternal flame burns. Visitors can climb an interior spiral ramp to the top of the Arc for striking views along Paris’s historic axis (see below).
One of the avenues leading to the Arc is the world-famous Avenue des Champs-Élysées. Its origin dates to 1667, when landscape architect André Le Nôtre extended the garden of the Tuileries westward into what was then the “Grand Cours” of elm trees. The name Champs-Élysées (“Elysian Fields”) was bestowed in 1709. Over the centuries the Champs-Élysées was widened and adorned with trees, fountains and promenades. By the 19th century it had become Paris’s premier boulevard, lined with theaters (like the Lido), cafés, luxury shops, the Grand Palais and Petit Palais (built for the 1900 Exposition), and later automobiles showroom and brand flagship stores. The Champs-Élysées stretches from the Place de la Concorde (with its ancient Luxor Obelisk) up to the Arc de Triomphe. It still hosts grand events: the Bastille Day military parade marches along it, and the Tour de France bicycle race famously finishes here. Strolling the Champs-Élysées by day or evening (when it is brilliantly lit) is a quintessential Paris experience.
Dominating the skyline above northern Paris is the white-domed Sacré-Cœur Basilica, perched atop Montmartre hill. Construction of Sacré-Cœur began in 1875 (after the Franco-Prussian War) and was completed in 1914. Its gleaming travertine facade and Byzantine-inspired domes were meant as both a religious monument and a national penance. Today it is a major pilgrimage church and a beloved landmark. From its highest point – the central dome some 200 m above the Seine – one can see sweeping panoramic views of Paris. Sacré-Cœur is notably the second-most-visited religious site in Paris (after the Eiffel Tower for all attractions).
The surrounding Montmartre district was once a separate village known for artists and bohemians. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, painters like Monet, Toulouse-Lautrec, Picasso and Van Gogh lived and worked in Montmartre’s studios. Today the area retains a village atmosphere: cobblestone streets, the Place du Tertre (where portrait artists set up), and the old Moulin de la Galette windmill. Artists’ hangouts like the Lapin Agile cabaret still exist. A climb up the 222 steps of Sacré-Cœur (or a short funicular ride) leads visitors through gardens to the Basilica’s forecourt, a favorite picnic spot at sunset. Montmartre’s charm is quieter and more romantic than central Paris – one imagines a bygone era of Parisian fantasy. A stay or stroll in Montmartre rewards visitors with both cultural history and one of Paris’s most breathtaking vistas.
About 20 kilometers southwest of Paris lies Versailles, the grand palace complex of the Bourbon kings. What began as a modest 1623 hunting lodge for Louis XIII was transformed by his son Louis XIV into a palace worthy of a Sun King. From 1661 to 1715 Louis XIV expanded Versailles in stages (architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart oversaw much of the classic facade and Hall of Mirrors). In 1682 Louis XIV moved the royal court there, so Versailles became France’s de facto capital until the Revolution in 1789.
Today Versailles is a UNESCO World Heritage site (inscribed in 1979 for its importance as the epitome of French art and power). It is enormous: about 15 million people visit the palace, gardens or park each year. The palace’s interior (for which guided tours are recommended) dazzles with gilded mirror galleries, marble chambers and royal apartments. The most famous space is the Hall of Mirrors (completed 1684), a 73-meter gallery lined with 17 arched mirrors opposite windows that frame the palace gardens. It was here that the German Empire was declared in 1871 and where the 1919 Treaty of Versailles was signed.
Outside, the Gardens of Versailles are as awe-inspiring as the palace itself. Designed by André Le Nôtre, the formal gardens cover some 800 hectares (2,000 acres) of terraces, reflecting pools, fountains and bosquets. The landscape is geometrically perfect, with long sight-lines and ornate parterres. On many summer weekends the fountains are animated in the Grandes Eaux shows to Baroque music. In the far corner of the grounds, the Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon were built as private retreats for the king and Marie Antoinette, respectively. Touring Versailles fully takes an entire day, so plan accordingly. Although not inside the city, Versailles is so closely tied to French history that it is usually included in any serious Paris itinerary. (“Those who have seen Versailles will never again be satisfied with anything less,” wrote Voltaire.)
Located on the Île de la Cité near Notre-Dame is a small chapel that packs a dazzling experience: Sainte-Chapelle. King Louis IX (Saint Louis) commissioned this chapel to house the Crown of Thorns relic in the 13th century. Built between 1241 and 1248, it is a superb example of Rayonnant Gothic architecture. Its claim to fame is the radiant stained-glass. The upper chapel’s walls are nearly entirely filled with fifteen towering windows, each about 15 meters tall. In total Sainte-Chapelle has roughly 600 square meters of 13th-century stained glass, narrating biblical scenes in vibrant color. On a sunny day, the interior glows in jewel tones from these masterpieces of medieval craftsmanship. A visit to Sainte-Chapelle is brief (15–30 minutes), but it’s one of Paris’s great ‘wow’ moments – a jewel-box of light in the heart of the old city.
In the Latin Quarter stands the grand Panthéon, originally conceived as a church dedicated to St. Geneviève. King Louis XV vowed in 1744 to replace the aging medieval church with a magnificent one, and in 1755 architect Jacques-Germain Soufflot was appointed to the task. The building’s neoclassical dome (visible across Paris) was not completed until 1790, just as the French Revolution began. The Revolution turned the structure into a secular “Temple to the Nation.” Today the Panthéon is a mausoleum honoring distinguished French citizens.
Inside, the Pantheon’s crypt holds the remains of France’s luminaries. They range from Enlightenment writers to modern scientists: Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (philosophers), Victor Hugo (novelist), Émile Zola (author), and Jean Moulin (Resistance hero) are interred here, among others. Famous scientist Marie Curie (physicist/chemist) was also laid to rest here in 1995, making her one of the few women honored in the Pantheon. Inscriptions on the walls proclaim “Aux grands hommes la patrie reconnaissante” (“To its great men the homeland is grateful”). The building itself, inspired by Rome’s Pantheon and Bramante’s design for St. Peter’s, is notable for its vast dome and its grandeur. A compelling sight is the Foucault pendulum that still hangs in the interior, demonstrating Earth’s rotation. Visiting the Panthéon connects visitors with the spirit of the Enlightenment and the French Republic’s heroes, making it one of Paris’s most meaningful monuments.
Paris is officially divided into 20 arrondissements (municipal districts), which spiral from the center outward. Each arrondissement has its own character:
1st Arrondissement (Louvre, Tuileries): This central district contains the Louvre and the Tuileries Gardens. It is the heart of old Paris: Place Vendôme (luxury hotels), Palais Royal, and the narrow medieval streets of Les Halles (the old market). It is the city’s palace and museum quarter, with many art galleries and upmarket boutiques.
4th Arrondissement (Le Marais & Île de la Cité): This area is bifurcated by the Seine. On the eastern tip lies Île de la Cité (Notre-Dame, Sainte-Chapelle) – the very center of medieval Paris. Across the river, the Marais neighborhood is a labyrinth of cobblestone streets with historic mansions (hôtels particuliers), art galleries, and trendy shops. Le Marais is also the center of Paris’s Jewish community (with famous falafel shops) and a hub of contemporary fashion and LGBT culture.
5th Arrondissement (Latin Quarter): Known for student life and scholarship, the 5th has the Sorbonne, the Panthéon, and the old Roman baths at the Arènes de Lutèce. The streets (Rue Mouffetard, Rue de la Huchette) teem with cafes and cheap eateries catering to students. The botanical gardens of the Jardin des Plantes are here as well. It’s a lively, bohemian area with numerous bookstores and open-air markets.
6th Arrondissement (Saint-Germain-des-Prés): This is one of Paris’s most famous literary and intellectual districts. Historic cafes like Les Deux Magots and Café de Flore (Saint-Germain’s intellectual salons) are here, along with art galleries on the Rue de Seine. The Saint-Germain church (one of Paris’s oldest) and Luxembourg Gardens (created by Marie de’ Medici) lie here. Today it’s chic yet still casual, with boutiques, patisseries and jazz clubs.
7th Arrondissement (Eiffel Tower, Museums): An upscale area, the 7th is home to the Eiffel Tower and the Musée d’Orsay (in a former railway station). It contains much of the “Left Bank” embassy quarter. The wide tree-lined Avenue de Breteuil and Avenue Rapp offer grand views of the Tower. The National Assembly (France’s parliament) is here, as is the Musée Rodin with its sculpture garden. The 7th feels genteel and elegant, with quiet cafés and gardens.
8th Arrondissement (Champs-Élysées): This is the grand commercial district. The lower 8th includes Place de la Concorde and the Champs-Élysées (leading to the Arc de Triomphe), as well as the Faubourg Saint-Honoré (luxury fashion houses). The upper 8th has the Golden Triangle of Avenue Montaigne and Avenue George V (more designer shops) and the presidential Élysée Palace. It also hosts the major train station Gare Saint-Lazare near the Opera. The 8th is polished and tourist-friendly, with department stores like Printemps and the Grand Palais exhibitions.
18th Arrondissement (Montmartre and Beyond): Famous for Montmartre, the 18th rises to the city’s highest elevations. Its most popular area is the hill of Montmartre (Sacre-Coeur, Place du Tertre) and the legendary Moulin Rouge cabaret on Boulevard de Clichy. But the 18th also includes gritty working-class neighborhoods in the north (Clignancourt flea market, Barbès multicultural market). Today it is a mix of artistic charm and immigrant neighborhoods. The very top (Montmartre) retains a village feel with panoramic views; the lower flanks of the 18th are more bohemian and affordable, attracting young artists and musicians.
Paris’s museums extend far beyond the Louvre. Each major genre of art or history has its temple here: The Musée d’Orsay (a converted Beaux-Arts train station on the Seine) is dedicated to 19th-century art – it has the largest collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist painting in the world (Monet, Renoir, Degas, Van Gogh, etc.). The Musée de l’Orangerie (in the Tuileries) is famous for Claude Monet’s Water Lilies series (eight canvases in oval rooms) as well as works by Cézanne and Picasso. The Musée Rodin showcases the sculptor Auguste Rodin’s work (including The Thinker), set in a handsome mansion and garden. The Musée Picasso and Musée Marmottan (the latter in the 16th arrondissement) hold major collections of specific artists.
For modern and contemporary art, Centre Pompidou (in the Beaubourg area, with its colorful exterior pipes) houses the Musée National d’Art Moderne, with works by Matisse, Picasso, Kandinsky, Duchamp and many 20th/21st-century masters. The nearby Bourse de Commerce (formerly a stock exchange) has been converted into a contemporary art space (housing the Pinault Collection). Whichever art period interests you, Paris likely has a standout museum for it. Indeed, as one guide observes, “the Musée d’Orsay, Marmottan and Orangerie are noted for their Impressionist collections, while the Centre Pompidou, Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso serve modern art enthusiasts”.
Other specialized museums abound: the Louvre’s arcades often hold exhibits; the Musée de l’Armée (at Les Invalides) has Napoleonic history; the Musée du Quai Branly (near the Eiffel Tower) displays non-Western arts. Don’t neglect niche gems like the Guimet Museum (Asian art), or the Cluny Museum (medieval art and the famous Lady and the Unicorn tapestries). In short, Paris’s museum scene is unmatched – plan them alongside your travel schedule based on your interests. A few high-visibility examples:
Musée d’Orsay (7th arr., on the Seine): Impressionist masterpieces in a former train station.
Centre Pompidou (4th arr., Beaubourg): Modern art on a grand scale (France’s national modern art museum).
Musée Rodin (7th arr., near Invalides): 18th-century mansion and gardens devoted to Rodin’s bronze and marble.
Musée de l’Orangerie (1st arr., Tuileries): Monet’s Nymphéas water-lilies, plus 1920s-30s art.
Many other notable ones could be listed (Picasso, Jewish Museum, Carnavalet history museum, etc.), but the above cover the main categories of art and culture.
Paris has long been a capital of the performing arts. The 19th-century Palais Garnier (Opera Garnier) is a lavish baroque building (completed 1875) where the Paris Opera Ballet made its home; its grand staircase and Chagall-painted ceiling are attractions in themselves. In contrast, the modern Opéra Bastille (1989) is the main house for opera and ballet productions today. Paris’s resident ballet company, the Paris Opera Ballet, is one of the oldest and most prestigious in the world. Each year Parisians flock to see ballets, operas and symphonies in these venues (and at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées or the new Philharmonie de Paris).
The city also boasts historic theaters: the Comédie-Française (1680) is France’s national theater (still using 17th-century mansions on Rue de Richelieu). There are dozens of other theaters (the Odéon, Châtelet, etc.) staging plays and musicals in French and English. Cabarets like the Moulin Rouge (Montmartre) preserve Paris’s famed nightlife revue tradition. In short, whether one seeks classical music, modern dance or avant-garde drama, Paris has a venue. Visitors can often buy last-minute tickets for great prices if they go early to the box office (many houses discount same-day seats).
Paris’s literary heritage is legendary. The Left Bank’s cafes and bookshops have nurtured writers for centuries. In the 1920s, expatriate authors like Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gertrude Stein famously gathered in Montparnasse, chronicling the Lost Generation’s Parisian lives. Salons at cafés such as Les Deux Magots or Café de Flore (Saint-Germain) were the haunts of existentialists Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir after World War II, as well as of earlier giants like Victor Hugo and Balzac. Even older, the Latin Quarter still evokes Rabelais and other medieval scholars.
Today, Paris remains a book-loving city: the Shakespeare and Company English-language bookstore near Notre-Dame is an institution (it was a gathering place for writers like Hemingway and Orwell). Many streets bear the names of writers (Rue Voltaire, Place des Vosges’ Victor Hugo, etc.). There are literary festivals and poetry readings year-round. While the modern literary scene is diverse and not as internationally dominant as it was a century ago, the romance of Paris as a writers’ city persists. Anne Frank wrote of it, James Joyce dedicated Paris as a book, and cinematic stories (midnight walks, chance café meetings) continue to mythologize the Paris literary life.
Paris can claim a special place in cinema history. The very first public film screening in history was held here on December 28, 1895. At the Grand Café on Boulevard des Capucines the Lumière brothers showed their short films to an audience – effectively launching cinema as we know it. Since then Paris has remained a film capital. The French Cinematheque (in the historic Palais de Chaillot) archives cinema’s treasures and continues to host retrospectives of legendary filmmakers. Paris’s many art-house theaters (say, Le Champo or Cinéma du Panthéon) play independent films and classics.
Each year Paris’s streets double as backdrops for film shoots (from period dramas to action thrillers). And the city celebrates film in festivals (though Cannes is outside Paris, much of its industry revolves around the capital). Modern filmmakers like François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard set key works in Paris. In 2024, City Hall even announced a year-long focus on cinema and culture. For the movie-lover, a night out could be a screening at an old Parisian cinema, a stroll past iconic film locations in the Latin Quarter, or simply indulging in the city’s longtime affection for the cinema medium. Paris’s cinematic landmarks (the Café des 2 Moulins from Amélie, the location of Before Sunset discussions at the Pont des Arts, etc.) are part of its modern folklore.
Paris’s streets are lined with tantalizing smells and tastes. In many ways the city’s global fame is built on gastronomy. A famous marketing piece for the Paris region explicitly calls it “synonymous with culture, gastronomy, history and art de vivre”. To truly understand Paris, one must taste it.
Every morning in Paris, the scent of fresh bread fills the air. The boulangerie is a shrine of daily life. Parisians prize their crusty baguettes (the long French bread, crunchy outside and light inside) – laws even define what “baguette tradition” must be. Equally revered are viennoiseries (breakfast pastries made from yeast dough): most Parisians start the day with a buttery croissant or a pain au chocolat (chocolate-filled croissant). These are not just food but craft, and many bakeries are so good that crowds line up early for their morning loaves. Visit any neighborhood pâtisserie (pastry shop) and you’ll see elegant tarts, éclairs, financiers and macarons displayed like jewels. Parisian macarons (made famous by Ladurée and Pierre Hermé) are especially artful: crisp meringue shells sandwiching ganache or jam, often flavored with everything from raspberry to salted caramel.
But Paris is not only sweets. Traditional French dishes are a must-try. Look for brasserie menus featuring classics: steak frites (steak with fries), coq au vin (chicken braised in red wine), cassoulet (rich bean and sausage stew), boeuf bourguignon (beef stewed with Burgundy wine), and hearty onion soup gratinée topped with melting cheese. More casual specialties like the croque-monsieur (ham-and-cheese sandwich toasted with béchamel) make for quick lunches. If you are adventurous, sample escargots (garlic-butter snails) or steak tartare (seasoned raw beef). Dairy lovers will revel in cheese boards featuring Camembert, Roquefort or Brie – often enjoyed with a glass of local wine at a café. The famed Crêpes and galettes (savory buckwheat crepes) of Breton origin can be found at street stands or laid-back crêperies.
Parisian café culture is more than just about coffee – it’s a way of life. Sit at any sidewalk table and watch the world go by. Enjoy a strong espresso or a café allongé, accompanied by a flaky pastry, reading a newspaper. In the late afternoon, Parisians pause for a “goûter” (snack), often a chocolate éclair or a piece of fruit tart. After dinner, a café might order a digestif or cognac. Iconic cafés like Café de Flore or Les Deux Magots in Saint-Germain-des-Prés are historic gatherings places (once frequented by writers like Sartre and Camus). Today they remain elegant venues to people-watch.
For more formal meals, Paris offers a range from cozy bistros to Michelin-starred temples of cuisine. A bistro is usually a small neighborhood restaurant serving traditional fare in a relaxed setting. A brasserie is larger and more lively, open all day – often with a zinc bar, mirrored walls and a beer list (think Brasserie Lipp, one of the classics). In recent decades, Paris has also led haute cuisine. The city has dozens of Michelin-starred restaurants run by top chefs, often in fine-dining hotels or historic quarters. Going to a 3-star restaurant for dinner is an unforgettable (though expensive) splurge.
Paris’s food culture also includes its markets and specialty shops. Wander a neighborhood market (such as Marché Maubert in the Latin Quarter, or Marché d’Aligre in the 12th) to see fresh produce, cheeses, meats and fish on display. Rue Cler and Rue Montorgueil are streets lined with épiceries where one can buy fresh baguettes, butter, and perhaps some pâté or cheese to take on a picnic. The grand Rue du Bac market or the covered Marché des Enfants Rouges (3rd arr.) feature dozens of vendors selling everything from Moroccan tagines to Japanese bento boxes – a testament to Paris’s global palate. To sample local goodies, visit a wine cellar (wine shop) or even a department store food hall: high-end names like Fauchon or Hédiard sell gourmet chocolates, foie gras, and macarons to take home.
In sum, eating in Paris is a pleasure of constant discovery. You could spend days alone tasting every pastry and charcuterie and still find something new. The Parisian table – from street-side crêpes to formal gastronomic dinners – is an essential part of the city’s experience. After all, as the saying goes, “When a man is tired of Paris, he is tired of life,” and certainly not of good food.
A quintessential Paris pastime is flânerie – strolling the city without hurry, soaking in the atmosphere. Paris rewards aimless wandering. One might begin at a landmark but soon turn onto side streets to discover local charm. For example, wander from the grand Opera area down to the small shops on Rue des Martyrs, or from the elegant Palais-Royal gardens into the lively covered passageways nearby. No map is needed when walking along the Seine’s quays (the “quais”); each turn offers a new perspective on bridges and monuments. Pass by antiquarian bookstalls (bouquinistes) on the river or duck into a patisserie for a quick treat. Even under gray skies, Paris’s stone facades and graffiti-filled artists’ lanes tell stories. Unlike trips that rush from museum to museum, flânerie is about absorbing the city’s spirit: a tree-lined boulevard on a spring morning, children playing in a park fountain, elderly couples dancing tango by the river at night.
Many neighborhoods are best enjoyed on foot. In Le Marais, duck into a vintage boutique or a hidden Jewish bakery for a falafel sandwich, then emerge to find a street festival underway. In Saint-Germain, pause at a café and watch chic Parisians walking French bulldogs. In Belleville (northeast), see local life in the multicultural markets and on street art murals. Even the Montmartre steps up to Sacré-Cœur are meant to be climbed slowly, pausing to enjoy musicians or artists sketching passersby. In essence, when visiting Paris, set aside at least one day for no-plans exploration. You never know what corner will reveal a surprise – a perfect little garden, an off-the-beaten-path church, or a panoramic view atop a random hill.
Paris is dotted with parks and gardens that provide a welcome respite from the urban pace. The Luxembourg Gardens (6th arr.) are among the most beloved: created in 1612 by Marie de’ Medici, they offer fountains, statues (including a copy of the statue of Liberty), tree groves and a pond where children sail toy boats. Not far away, the Jardin des Tuileries (1st arr.) extends between the Louvre and Place de la Concorde – a formal promenade with wide gravel walkways, classical statues and seasonal flower beds. Both parks are perfect for reading a book or watching Parisian families picnic.
Other notable green spaces include Parc Monceau (8th arr.), a genteel park with small monuments (an Egyptian pyramid and an old iron bridge) hidden among lawns. For something wilder, Parc des Buttes-Chaumont (19th arr.) offers steep hills, a suspension bridge and temple atop a cliff, making it feel more rural. The Bois de Boulogne (16th arr., on the western edge) and Bois de Vincennes (12th arr., on the east) are Paris’s “lungs”: vast woods with lakes, jogging trails, and even a zoo (at Vincennes) and a horse track (at Boulogne). In summer, the Seine riverbanks themselves are popular – Parisians picnic on the grassy terraces of the Left Bank or the newly pedestrianized Right Bank. And in autumn the city’s plane trees glow amber, making even ordinary streets scenic.
Visiting a few of these parks gives insight into Parisians’ lifestyle. You will see afternoon chess games, open-air theater performances, and seasonal markets (like the holiday market in Tuileries). Green spaces are often free, and simply sitting on a bench with a coffee and watching Parisians is as Parisian an experience as any museum visit.
Paris is renowned as a shopping capital. From haute couture to antique books, the city has it all. The most famous shopping experiences are on the Champs-Élysées and in the Grands Magasins (large department stores). On Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement, the Galeries Lafayette and Printemps are historic multi-story stores selling everything from luxury fashion to home goods – even the rooftops are worth a visit for their city views. In the 1st and 2nd arrondissements, narrow streets such as Rue Saint-Honoré and Avenue Montaigne host flagship boutiques of Chanel, Dior, Louis Vuitton and other French fashion houses.
But Parisian shopping is not just luxury. Neighborhoods like Le Marais (3rd–4th arr.) and Montmartre (18th arr.) have charming boutiques offering vintage clothing, artisanal crafts, vinyl records, and up-and-coming designers’ creations. The Marché aux Puces de Saint-Ouen (just outside Paris) is one of the world’s largest flea markets, where you can treasure-hunt for antiques and curios. Book lovers will delight in the Latin Quarter’s many bookstores (Shakespeare & Co. aside, dozens of French-language shops line Rue Mouffetard and Rue de la Bucherie). Food shopping is also an art form: streets like Rue Cler (7th arr.) and Rue Montmartre (2nd arr.) are packed with specialist shops selling fine cheese, charcuterie, wine and fresh produce.
For a quintessential Paris souvenir, consider a stylish scarf, a box of macarons, or a bottle of French perfume. Even a simple baguette or pastry from a famous bakery (best enjoyed immediately, of course) can be a memory. In sum, whether you’re splurging at a designer salon or browsing an open-air market, Paris’s shopping scene is as varied as its culture.
The River Seine is central to Parisian life. Many attractions line its banks (Notre-Dame, the Louvre, the Eiffel Tower), but the river itself is a destination. River cruises (from boats called Bateaux Mouches or Vedettes du Pont-Neuf) offer a relaxing way to see the city: floating past landmarks by day or under the bridges at night is very popular. A one-hour Seine cruise is a quintessential Paris experience.
Even without a boat, walking the quais (riverside paths) is delightful. The riverbanks have been made largely pedestrian-friendly: you can stroll or jog along the water’s edge from Notre-Dame to the Eiffel Tower on the Left Bank. In summer, locals spread picnic blankets on the right-bank steps (Port de Solférino, near Musée d’Orsay) to enjoy cheese, baguette and wine with a view of the water. Romantic footbridges like the Pont des Arts have historically been gathering points (love locks are now banned, but the bridge remains picturesque).
Watch for bouquinistes – the green wooden bookstalls that line parts of the banks. Since the 19th century they have sold old books and posters; browsing their selections of vintage prints and second-hand classics is a charming Parisian activity. On certain summer evenings the Seine banks come alive with open-air picnics and performances (the government-sponsored Paris Plages even sets up pop-up beaches on the right bank). All told, the Seine is Paris’s scenic spine. Relaxing by the river, whether on a cruise, a bench or a blanket, connects you to the city’s romance and rhythms in a unique way.
In Paris, bonjour goes a long way. French is the official language, and most Parisians conduct business and daily life in French. (You will see street signs, menus and announcements in French.) That said, English is widely understood in hotels, major restaurants and tourist sites. Learning a few polite phrases will enrich your experience and is appreciated by locals. Important words and phrases include “Bonjour” (Hello, used before noon), “Bonsoir” (Good evening, used after sundown), “Merci” (Thank you), “S’il vous plaît” (please), and “Excusez-moi” (excuse me / sorry). If you speak no French, many Parisians will switch to English (especially younger people or service staff) once they realize you do not understand French. However, it is considered courteous to start an encounter in French and greet shopkeepers or waiters with bonjour. In brief, Parisian communication is direct but polite; a warm “Hello” in French at a café or store counter will often draw a friendly response.
Paris’s reputation as the City of Love is well-earned. For a romantic getaway, begin with classic experiences: a Seine river cruise at sunset, toasting champagne on board under the bridge lights. Picnic on the Champ de Mars lawn with the Eiffel Tower sparkling in view. Wander hand-in-hand through Montmartre’s winding lanes (the view from Sacré-Cœur at dusk is especially intimate). Take a spin at a café for two at Les Deux Magots, or book a candlelit dinner at a cozy bistro (a table at the Eiffel Tower’s Jules Verne restaurant will make an unforgettable evening, albeit at a high price). Walk off your dinner along the moonlit riverbanks. For heart-throbbing panoramas, consider an evening ride to the top of the Arc de Triomphe and watch the city lights spread out below. Even simple gestures — feeding the swans in the Tuileries, sharing a crepe on a park bench, sipping hot chocolate at Angelina’s — can feel magical in Paris. In short, keep things relaxed and enjoy each view as a vignette in your love story.
Paris is surprisingly child-friendly if you plan ahead. Many museums offer “family trails” and interactive exhibits for children (the Louvre and Centre Pompidou have programs for youngsters). The Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie in Parc de la Villette (19th arr.) is a must for kids: it’s a huge science museum with hands-on exhibits and a planetarium. The Jardin d’Acclimatation (16th arr., off the Bois de Boulogne) is an amusement park and zoo combined, with playgrounds, puppet shows and gentle rides for little ones. Older children often love the Catacombs (underground ossuaries) and the Notre-Dame towers (view from the top), though beware of queues. Taking a boat tour on the Seine can also be exciting for kids, as they see the city from the water.
When dining, many bistros welcome children and offer crepes or steak-frites on the menu. For strollers, the Métro can be slow (many stations lack elevators), so be ready to carry or use buses, which are stroller-friendly. Another option is a vintage car tour of the city (yes, Paris has those tours in VW Beetles or 2CVs, which kids often find fun). End a family day with an ice cream at Berthillon on Île Saint-Louis or cake and hot chocolate at a patisserie. With a blend of history and fun, Paris can enchant all ages.
Solo travelers generally feel very comfortable in Paris. The city is safe overall – violent crime is rare – so solo walkers, even at night, are common. That said, take normal urban precautions: keep an eye on belongings in crowded metros and watch out in less touristy metro stations late at night. Stick to well-lit, busy streets after dark (the main tourist neighborhoods are fine; like many big cities, the northern outskirts of the 18th and 19th arrondissements are best avoided after dark). English is spoken widely enough, and there are many hostels and guesthouses if you prefer dorms to meet other travelers.
Solo itineraries can be very flexible. Spend a morning at the Louvre, an afternoon people-watching at a café, and an evening at a small restaurant or jazz club (there are many affordable bistros just for one). Parisians dine late, so solo visitors can easily find a seat at the bar. If safety or solitude ever feels like an issue, consider joining a group walking tour (free or paid) of any neighborhood – these run daily in multiple languages. Also, the city’s excellent air connectivity makes it easy to include day trips (to Versailles, Giverny or even London/Brussels by high-speed train) if traveling solo. Overall, Paris welcomes the independent traveler: you can go at your own pace, linger at your favorite cafés, and make spontaneous discoveries down any pedestrian street.
Paris might seem expensive, but it offers numerous high-quality experiences at no cost. Wandering the grand parks (Tuileries, Luxembourg, Parc Monceau) costs nothing and captures the essence of Parisian leisure. Notre-Dame’s main interior (not the towers) has traditionally been free to enter, and one can admire its Gothic nave and stained glass without paying. Many churches (La Madeleine, Saint-Sulpice, etc.) welcome visitors freely during the day. The Père Lachaise Cemetery is free to wander; here you can visit the graves of Jim Morrison, Oscar Wilde, and Édith Piaf at no charge.
Museums offer freebies on specific days: on the first Sunday of each month (November to March) many national museums are free, and certain monuments (Sainte-Chapelle) waive entry to those under 26 from EU countries. The city’s mairie (town hall) often organizes free cultural events (exhibitions or open-air concerts) especially in summer. Simply strolling across the Pont Neuf or along Montmartre’s cobbled lanes, or browsing the food stalls of open-air markets, costs nothing but yields memories. Even buying a coffee at a café and sitting on the sidewalk (tipping 5–10%) is a classic Parisian experience at modest expense. In short, embracing Paris’s public spaces, free-view panoramas and communal vibe is the best budget strategy.
While Paris itself can fill a lifetime, several nearby destinations make easy day trips:
Versailles (see above): a top choice, reachable in 30–40 minutes by RER C train. Allows a day of palace and garden touring.
Giverny: 80 km (1–1½ hours by train to Vernon). Claude Monet’s house and gardens are preserved as he left them, with famous lily ponds. A pilgrimage for art lovers (open spring–fall).
Fontainebleau: 55 km south. Another royal palace (less grand than Versailles but set in huge forest). Nice town center and hiking in the surrounding woods.
Reims: 130 km northeast (45 min by TGV). The capital of Champagne. Visit the Gothic cathedral (where French kings were crowned) and tour a vineyard and champagne cellars.
Loire Valley Châteaux: 200+ km away, best done by guided tour or overnight. The romantic Loire castles (Chambord, Chenonceau, Amboise) showcase Renaissance and medieval grandeur amid beautiful countryside.
Mont Saint-Michel: 360 km west (best by overnight). The famous tidal island abbey of Normandy. It’s far, but doable by weekend trip from Paris.
Day-trip tours: Many companies offer organized outings to Champagne region, Normandy D-Day beaches, or Burgundy vineyards that include transport and guides, which can be convenient if you prefer not to navigate trains yourself.
Each of these trips reveals a different facet of French culture – from King Louis’s gardens (Versailles) to Impressionist inspiration (Giverny) to Gothic majesty (Reims). Even if you only see Paris, it’s worth noting how many remarkable places lie just beyond the city’s boundary.
Paris is a very connected city. Many cafés, restaurants and public spaces offer free Wi-Fi (look for networks named “Paris_Wi-Fi” or ask your hotel for a guest login). The city’s libraries and cultural centers also provide internet access. If you plan to use data on the go, consider buying a local SIM card (SIMs from Orange, SFR or Bouygues are sold at mobile shops or some newsstands). Alternatively, eSIM options can be arranged before your arrival. For longer stays, some visitors use French mobile plans which are relatively affordable. As a European Union member, France participates in the EU “roam like at home” rule, so if you have a SIM from another EU country you can often use your existing plan.
Most parts of central Paris are blanketed by cellphone coverage, and 4G service is the norm (5G is expanding). Google Maps, travel apps and translation apps work reliably here. Some travelers also purchase a Paris Visite card or use contactless payment (navigo) on the Métro – many ticket kiosks accept contactless credit cards or Apple/Google Pay. In short, staying online and connected is straightforward in Paris; the city is well-equipped for tourists and business travelers alike.
Paris is generally safe for most visitors, including at night, but it pays to use common sense. Central Paris (Arrondissements 1–7 and around 8th/9th) is heavily policed and well-lit. Thousands walk the Champs-Élysées or Latin Quarter at night. As in any large city, avoid flashing valuables or leaving bags unattended. Pickpocketing is the most common issue – especially on crowded Métro trains, at tourist sites and on the Seine bridges. Keep wallets in front pockets and be alert on busy platforms. Certain areas deserve more caution after dark: parts of northern 18th/19th or southern outskirts (20th arrondissement) can be sketchy late at night. If you must be out in those areas after midnight, stay on main streets and busy spots.
Overall, millions of visitors walk Paris safely every year. Violent crime is extremely rare in tourist zones. If you keep to well-traveled streets, especially between midnight and dawn, walking alone is usually fine. Always watch your drink at bars (even though the main bars are safe, never leave a drink unattended). In short, Paris risks are low for travelers – street smarts and standard precautions suffice.
Parisians themselves often seem unflappable about safety; you might even hear the joke, “More people are afraid of pigeons than pickpockets in Paris.” But take it seriously enough to protect your belongings. In the small chance you do need help, note the emergency numbers: 15 for medical emergencies, 17 for police, 18 for fire brigade, or 112 (the EU universal emergency number). You can also dial 311 for the Paris tourist assistance number, which offers guidance to visitors in multiple languages (it’s free if dialed within Paris). As always, if something feels unsafe, move to a different location or seek assistance.
Tipping in Paris is not like in America. By law, restaurant and cafe service is included in the menu prices (usually 15%–20% automatically), so there is no need to tip that amount on top. Many Parisians just leave small change or round up. In cafés, it is customary to round up to the next euro or leave a euro or two for a good service (for example, on a €10 coffee, leaving €11 is typical). In restaurants, if the service was very good, an extra 5–10% or a round number (e.g. leaving €5 on a €50 bill) is a generous gesture, but it is not expected as mandatory.
For other services:
Taxis: round up to the next euro or give a euro or two on top of the meter. (Taxis have gotten more expensive, so a small tip is nice but not fixed; e.g. a €17 fare, pay €19.)
Hotels: Housekeeping can get €1–2 per day; porters €1 per bag. But again this is optional.
Guided tours: if you felt the tour guide was excellent, tipping 2–5 euros per person is appreciated (though not obligatory).
In general, small change is the norm. If you struggle to break a large bill, just say “Gardez la monnaie” (keep the change) and you’re done. The idea is that Parisians believe they are already paying decent wages, so tipping is a bonus, not part of the cost. However, always leave something rather than absolutely zero, especially in small transactions. It signals appreciation.
Parisians care about style, though they aren’t as formally dressed as in decades past. Still, you will notice Parisians tend to dress smartly and conservatively. City life requires practical footwear (cobblestones and walking), but it’s best to avoid athletic sneakers outside of sports. A common Parisian attire might be dark jeans or trousers, a scarf, a well-cut coat or blazer, and clean shoes. Avoid wearing gym clothes, flip-flops or baseball caps in the center – it looks out of place in the chic urban environment.
If dining at a nicer restaurant, a jacket and dressier outfit is appropriate in the evening. At top restaurants (and certainly at Michelin-starred establishments) more formal attire is often expected (men in suit jackets, women in elegant casual dresses). That said, Paris’s dress code is flexible: you will see fashionable locals wearing black and neutrals year-round, but also younger people in jeans and sneakers around town. The key is neatness and a touch of Parisian chic – think leather jacket or wool scarf rather than logos or flashy sportswear. Remember that many museums and churches still consider shoulders and knees modesty indicators; bring a shawl or long pants if you plan to enter.
In summer, Parisians wear lighter fabrics but rarely beachwear. A sundress or cotton shirt is fine, but try not to treat Paris like a resort – cover-ups on the Metro (such as leaving swimsuits for the swimming pool) or excessive casualness might draw curious looks. In winter, layers are essential (it can be damp and windy), and Parisians opt for long coats or trench coats, often paired with stylish boots or leather shoes. In short, dress comfortably for weather and walking, but keep it polished. One Parisian adage says “look around before you step out” – if you blend in with the subdued elegance of the streets, you’ll feel more at home.
For any urgent needs, keep these numbers and addresses in mind: European emergency number 112 connects you to police, ambulance or fire services. Alternatively, dial 15 for the SAMU (medical emergencies), 17 for the Police secours, and 18 for the fire brigade (pompiers). These services have operators who speak English. If you lose your passport or need your country’s help, note the address of your embassy or consulate. For example, the U.S. Embassy in Paris is at 2 Avenue Gabriel (8th arr.), phone +33-1-43-12-22-22. For UK travelers, the British Embassy is 35 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré (8th arr.). (Always confirm your own country’s location beforehand.)
If you feel ill and it’s not an emergency, France has a high-quality healthcare system: many doctors speak English and pharmacies (open daytime) can dispense remedies for minor ailments. The French health insurance normally does not cover visitors, so travel insurance is strongly recommended in case of medical emergencies. In any event, public clinics (hôpitaux) and medical centers are available across the city (e.g. Hôpital Cochin in the 14th arr., or Hôpital Saint-Louis in the 10th arr.) if you need prompt care.
In a non-urgent situation, staff at hotels, cafes or tourist offices can help with directions or basic assistance. Paris also has tourist police (look for “Police de Proximité” on armband) in high-traffic areas who can answer queries. Keep photocopies of your ID separate from your wallet. By and large, a few prepared numbers and an embassy address in your phone or wallet should cover you. Parisian emergencies (pickpockets, illnesses, minor injuries) are typically easy to handle with local help once you ask.
What is Paris best known for? Paris is best known for its culture and architecture. It has long been one of the world’s centers of fashion, art, literature and food. Iconic symbols include the Eiffel Tower, Notre-Dame Cathedral and the Louvre Museum (home to the Mona Lisa). Parisians often mention the city’s reputation for art de vivre – from gourmet cuisine and chic style to a café culture that has defined “living well.” Indeed, one regional tourism publication notes that Paris is “synonymous with culture, gastronomy, [and] history”. In short, Paris is known for history, landmarks, museums, romance and world-class cuisine.
Is Paris a good place to visit for the first time? Absolutely. Paris is often considered an ideal first-time European city because it mixes famous sights with ease of navigation. Major attractions are close together along the Seine or connected by a dense transit network, so you can see a lot even in a short trip. French culture and language are also pervasive, giving an immediate sense of another world without being intimidating. Of course, as a first-timer you might feel overwhelmed by the sheer number of things to do. That is why it’s good to plan an itinerary beforehand and prioritize what you most want to see. But rest assured: tourism infrastructure is top-notch, English is widely used at hotels/tourist sites, and many guides and tours cater to foreigners. In summary, Paris is very welcoming to newcomers and packs a huge cultural payoff for any new visitor.
What is the most visited place in Paris? The Louvre Museum currently holds the title for the most-visited attraction. In 2022 it drew about 7.7 million visitors (and in 2023 over 8.7 million), making it not only the most-visited museum in Paris but in the world. Among monuments, the Eiffel Tower sees roughly 6–7 million visitors per year. (Historically, Notre-Dame Cathedral recorded even higher numbers – about 12–13 million annually – but it has been closed for restoration since 2019.) So today one can say “the Louvre is king” in terms of sheer visitor count. After the Louvre and Eiffel, other heavily visited sites include the Musée d’Orsay (with its Impressionist art) and the Centre Pompidou.
What are the “7 wonders” of Paris? There is no official list, but visitors often name seven must-sees. A common selection might be: the Eiffel Tower, Notre-Dame Cathedral, Louvre Museum, Arc de Triomphe, Sacré-Cœur Basilica (on Montmartre), the Palace of Versailles (just outside Paris), and the Seine River itself (including its bridges and riverbanks). One could also mention the Champs-Élysées or Père Lachaise Cemetery in such a list. In practical terms, “wonders” means the seven iconic places you shouldn’t miss: the Eiffel Tower and Louvre are almost always on that list, as are Notre-Dame (inside or out) and Sacré-Cœur, plus a scenic boulevard like the Champs and a historic palace like Versailles.
Is it safe to walk in Paris at night? For most areas, yes – Paris is safer than many would expect. Tourist districts (the Marais, Latin Quarter, Saint-Germain, etc.) and busy streets are generally safe even late into the evening. Tens of thousands of Parisians stroll the city at night without incident. That said, always stay alert as you would in any big city. Petty theft (pickpocketing) is the biggest concern, so keep bags closed and valuables hidden. Avoid poorly lit or deserted side streets, especially north of Gare du Nord or around the railway yards. If you ever feel uneasy, hail a taxi or head for a busy café. Emergency services are reliable; dial 112 or 17 if in doubt. But overall, violent crime is rare in central Paris, and walking on well-populated streets at night is generally quite safe.
What is Paris famous food? Paris is famed for its bakeries and patisseries (the baguette, croissants, macarons and éclairs), as well as its classic French cuisine. Foods often associated with Paris include: crisp baguettes, buttery croissants, and delicate pâtisseries (like macarons and tarts). Iconic dishes to try include steak frites (steak with fries), onion soup gratinée, steak tartare, coq au vin (chicken in wine), confit de canard (duck confit), and crêpes. Paris is also famous for high-quality cheese and wines (try cheese plates at a bistro), and for trendy foods like the smoked salmon blini often seen at brasseries. In short, when in Paris sample the French classics and also indulge in bakery treats – they are the stars of the Paris food scene.
Do they speak English in Paris? Many Parisians speak at least some English, especially younger people and those working in hospitality or tourism. Hotel staff, museum guards, and restaurant servers in central Paris typically have a working knowledge of English. Street vendors and market sellers may know little English, so a smile and a little French phrase helps. Outside the tourist centers (for example, in neighborhoods further from downtown), English is less commonly spoken. In daily life, Parisians mainly use French, and public signage is in French. Visitors should assume French is needed for menus, announcements and basic communication. That said, being polite and attempting French greetings usually prompts locals to respond in English if they can. So in short: yes, you can get by in Paris with English in most tourist contexts, but it’s respectful and useful to know some basic French.
How can I travel to Paris on a budget? There are many ways to save money in Paris. Transport: buy a multi-day Paris Visite or Navigo pass for the Metro/RER rather than paying per ride, and use the public bikes (Vélib’) or simply walk when possible. Dining: eat like the French – visit boulangeries for cheap pastries and sandwiches for lunch, or pick up cheese and charcuterie at a market to assemble your own picnic. Many cafés have reasonably priced formule (fixed-price) lunch menus. Also look for prix fixe menus at modest bistros. For a treat, buy one pâtisserie instead of multiple expensive desserts. Museums: take advantage of free entry times (for instance, the first Sunday of the month in winter) or use the Paris Museum Pass if you plan to hit several sights in a short span. Walking tours are often free (tip-based) and very informative. Finally, choose accommodations outside the tourist core (the Marais, Latin Quarter outskirts, or Saint-Ouen) for lower prices – these areas are still charming. By mixing free activities (parks, churches, window-shopping) with clever choices for meals and lodging, you can experience Paris’s highlights on a moderate budget.
Is Paris expensive to visit? By global standards, yes, Paris is on the higher end. In cost-of-living surveys, Paris regularly ranks among the world’s most expensive cities (it was 9th most expensive globally in 2022). Hotels in central Paris are pricey, especially in summer. Dining out (even modest restaurants) can quickly add up due to higher food costs. Sightseeing costs are also high – while some attractions are free or low-cost, museums like the Louvre or boat tours on the Seine carry substantial entrance fees. Transportation is moderate (a one-way Metro ticket is about €2.10), but taxis are expensive. That said, smart choices (see the previous question) can stretch your money. Many visitors find Paris comparable to New York, London or Tokyo in expense. Expect to budget more here than in many other European capitals, but also keep in mind that Paris offers many world-class experiences that many feel are worth the splurge.
What are the best neighborhoods to stay in Paris? Paris’s arrondissements each have their appeal. For a first-time visitor, the 1st, 4th, 5th and 6th arrondissements (the historic center and Latin Quarter) are unbeatable for being within walking distance of many sights. These areas are lively, dense with cafés and restaurants, and well-served by transit. The 7th (Eiffel Tower) is elegant but quieter at night. The Marais (3rd/4th) is trendy and walkable. The Montmartre area (18th) offers old-world charm and good deals, though it’s farther from the center. In general, stay on the Right Bank (north of the Seine) for convenience and safety; the Left Bank has more student life. Whether you want classic Paris (1st/6th), historic charm (Marais), or bohemian atmosphere (Montmartre), choose a neighborhood that matches your interests. Avoid the far outskirts (north of Gare du Nord or in the 19th/20th arrondissements) for lodging, as they are farther from sights and have more night-time traffic.
How has the Notre-Dame Cathedral been restored? Following the 2019 fire, Notre-Dame’s restoration has been meticulous. Within weeks a temporary wooden roof (“the temporary prosthesis”) was constructed to stabilize the interior. The iconic spire (lost in the blaze) was rebuilt to match its original 19th-century design, using hundreds of oak trees and traditional tools. Stone masons carefully repaired and replaced damaged stones on the towers and facade. By 2024, the new spire, roof and much of the interior had been reconstructed. Craftsmen also restored the stained-glass windows that had fallen. The reopening on December 7, 2024 marked the completion of the main reconstruction. In practical terms, you can now walk through the cathedral as before, but some areas (like climbing the towers or attending mass) may reopen gradually. Visitors will notice that much of the charred interior wood is new, while the medieval walls have been cleaned. All in all, Parisian craftsmen and volunteers worked round-the-clock for five years to revive Notre-Dame as closely as possible to its former glory.
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