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San Diego is a dynamic city situated on the Pacific coast of Southern California, directly adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. Following Los Angeles, it ranks as the eighth-most populous city in the United States with a population of over 1.3 million people and the second most populous city in California. San Diego County, with almost 3.3 million residents as of 2021, is centered on San Diego. The city is well-known for its mild, year-round Mediterranean temperature, wide-ranging parks and beaches, long-standing relationship with the United States Navy, and recent rise as a center for biotechnology and healthcare development.
Originally home to the Kumeyaay Native Americans, San Diego has become known as “Birthplace of California.” Its first site visited and settled by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States lends this title. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the territory for Spain in 1542 when he arrived in San Diego Bay, laying the foundation for the Alta California 200-year colony. The first European settlement in what is now California was the founding of the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1769. San Diego joined the recently established Mexican Empire in 1821, then two years later changed to become the First Mexican Republic. California was taken by the United States following the Mexican–American War in 1848 and admitted as the 31st state in 1850.
Major sectors of San Diego’s varied and strong economy include military and defense-related operations, tourism, international trade, research, and manufacturing. Particularly with its great naval presence, the city’s strategic location and resources have made it a focal point for military and defense activities. San Diego’s perfect temperature, gorgeous beaches, and many attractions—including the world-class San Diego Zoo, SeaWorld San Diego, and Balboa Park—help to drive tourism there. The city’s proximity to the Mexican border and busy port helps it to be a major actor in international trade as well.
San Diego has become a hub for biotechnology and medical development recently. Renowned universities including the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego State University (SDSU), and the University of San Diego (USD) have created a vibrant scholarly and research scene. These colleges help the expanding biotech sector of the city and add to its creative energy.
Home to an estimated five million people as of 2022, San Diego is the economic center of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation—the second-most populous transborder metropolitan area in the Western Hemisphere. Outside of Asia, the San Ysidro Port of Entry—the main border crossing between San Diego and Tijuana—is the fourth-busiest overall international land border crossing worldwide. This busy border helps the two cities to engage in major cultural and economic interchange, strengthening San Diego’s position as a major actor in world trade.
The infrastructure of the city helps to explain its active lifestyle and strong economy. The busiest single-runway airport in the United States, San Diego International Airport, links the city to sites all around the globe. Crucially important for both business and tourism, the airport’s capacity and efficiency make it a great advantage for the area.
Rich in cultural legacy, with a varied economy and strategic location, San Diego is a singular and powerful city on the Pacific coast. San Diego is positioned as a city of both historical significance and modern relevance given its historical importance as the birthplace of California and its modern-day technological and healthcare innovations. San Diego presents a mix of possibilities and experiences that reflect its dynamic character and ongoing appeal, whether one is visiting its stunning beaches, active biotech sector, or busy border into Mexico.
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