Vietnamese National Dishes

Bánh trứng kiến Cao Bằng — ant-egg cakes in fig leaves

Wrap a gently sautéed black-ant and pork filling in soft rice dough and young fig leaves, then steam until the dough is tender and cooked through.

Vietnamese National Dishes
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Several fig-leaf parcels, including one cut open, sit in a woven tray on a wooden table; tea and green hills appear behind.
A wide table scene of Cao Bằng bánh trứng kiến in a woven tray.
Yield 8 cakes
Cook 60 minutes
Passive 15 minutes for the dough to rest
Total 120 minutes
Calories per serving about 500 kcal
Overview

Bánh trứng kiến Cao Bằng — ant-egg cakes in fig leaves

Bánh trứng kiến, called pẻng rày in Tày, is a seasonal specialty associated with Cao Bằng. It layers a soft glutinous-rice dough around black-ant brood, then wraps the cake in young fig leaves for steaming. The brood is often described as a spring ingredient, but its availability follows the local season and harvest.

Families make different versions. Some use pork, while others leave it out or add ingredients such as lá kiệu or crushed peanuts. This measured home recipe uses ground pork, shallot and scallion with food-grade ant brood. The fig leaves perfume the rice dough; serve the cakes warm and cut into pieces. It is one documented style, not a single formula for every Tày household.

Practical

Practical

  • Tips for successBuy correctly identified, food-grade ant brood from a traceable seller. Keep it chilled and handle it gently so the small eggs do not break. Add warm water to the flour gradually. The dough should feel soft and smooth without sticking to your hands; flour absorbs water differently. Seal the dough edges and fold the fig leaves fully around each parcel so filling cannot escape into the steamer.
Ingredients

Ingredients

Rice dough

  • 300 g glutinous-rice flour
  • 50 g plain rice flour
  • 2 g fine salt
  • 260 ml warm water; start with 230 ml and add the rest gradually only if needed

Ant-brood filling

  • 300 g food-grade black-ant brood (ant eggs and young brood), gently rinsed, picked over and drained
  • 120 g ground pork, kept chilled
  • 40 g shallot, peeled and finely minced
  • 25 g scallions, thinly sliced
  • 15 ml neutral oil or rendered pork fat
  • 3 g fine salt
  • 1 g ground black pepper

Wrapping

  • 16 medium young culinary fig leaves, washed, dried and trimmed; use 2 leaves per cake
Method

Method

Method

  1. Keep the ant brood chilled while you prepare the other ingredients. Rinse it gently in a fine-mesh sieve under cool running water, remove visible debris without crushing it, then drain well. Wash your hands and clean the work surface after handling raw pork.

  2. Wash the young fig leaves under running water and dry them completely. Trim tough stems and central ribs so they fold easily. Set out 2 leaves for each of the 8 cakes.

  3. Whisk together the glutinous-rice flour, plain rice flour and 2 g salt. Stir in 230 ml warm water. Knead when cool enough to handle until smooth and soft; add the remaining water gradually only if dry patches remain. Cover and rest for 15 minutes.

  4. Heat the oil or pork fat in a heavy skillet over medium heat. Add the shallot and cook for about 1 minute until fragrant. Add the ground pork, break it into small pieces and cook, stirring, until the thickest parts reach 71°C / 160°F on an instant-read thermometer. Add the drained ant brood, scallions, 3 g salt and pepper. Fold gently for 3–5 minutes, until the brood is fully cooked and the filling is steaming hot. Spread it on a clean shallow plate to cool briefly.

  5. Divide the dough into 8 equal portions, then split each portion in half. With lightly oiled hands, pat each piece into a thin 9–10 cm oval or square. Put one piece on a fig leaf, add one-eighth of the filling, cover with a second piece of dough and pinch the edges closed. Fold a second leaf around the parcel; overlap leaves as needed to enclose the filling. Repeat for 8 cakes.

  6. Set the cakes seam-side down in a steamer above actively boiling water, leaving space for steam to circulate. Cover and steam for 45–50 minutes, replenishing with boiling water if needed. The dough should be fully cooked and soft, with no raw-flour texture at the centre. Rest for 5 minutes, then serve warm; cut into portions with a clean knife.

Practical

Practical

Practical guidance

The dough water is a maximum, not a target: start with 230 ml and add only enough of the remaining 30 ml to bring the flour together. If the dough cracks, knead in warm water a teaspoon at a time; if it sticks, dust your hands lightly with rice flour. The tender fig leaves are traditionally part of the eating experience, though any tough leaf can be peeled away. Keep raw pork separate from washed leaves, cooked filling and clean utensils. Refrigerate cooked cakes at or below 4°C / 40°F within 2 hours and use within 2 days. Reheat in a steamer until steaming hot throughout and 74°C / 165°F at the centre. Do not leave the cooked cakes at room temperature for more than 2 hours.

Troubleshooting

The dough cracks while shaping: cover it and knead in warm water a teaspoon at a time until pliable. The parcels leak in the steamer: use a thinner, even filling layer, pinch the dough seam firmly and overlap the leaves so the parcel is fully covered.

Frequently asked questions

Can I leave out the pork? Yes. Pork-free versions are documented. Keep the amount of ant brood and seasonings the same, and sauté the brood with shallot and scallion until fully cooked and steaming hot. What if I cannot find young fig leaves? Use clean, food-grade banana leaves as a wrapper. The cakes will still steam, but the aroma will differ from the Cao Bằng fig-leaf version.

Nutrition per serving (estimate)

Nutrition per serving (estimate)

  • Serving size2 cakes, about 280 g total
  • Calories500 kcal
  • Carbohydrate80 g
  • Protein15 g
  • Fat12 g
  • Fibre2 g
  • Sodium510 mg
Allergens and food safety

Allergens and food safety

Contains ant/insect proteins and pork. Allergy to edible insects is possible, and cross-reactions with crustacean allergens have been reported for some edible insects; the evidence is not specific to this ant species. If you have an insect or crustacean allergy, ask an allergy specialist before trying the dish. Use only correctly identified, food-grade ant brood from a traceable supplier; do not use unidentified foraged insects. Cook ground pork to 71°C / 160°F and keep raw pork separate from ready-to-eat food. Refrigerate the cooked cakes within 2 hours at or below 4°C / 40°F and use within 2 days.

To finish

To finish

  • Serve the cakes warm, cut into neat pieces so the rice layer and ant-brood filling show.
  • Offer the tender fig leaf with the cake; diners can peel away any fibrous parts.