World of Food · Turkey

Turkey National Food

Turkish cooking is shaped by regional produce, migration, trade, pastoral traditions and the techniques of palace, home, market and street kitchens. Kebabs are only one part of a table that also includes grain dishes, breads, yogurt, vegetables, pulses, fish, offal, pastries and fruit-and-nut sweets.

A collection of 99 published Turkish recipes.

99recipes
44regional identities
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Adana kebap skewers with charred tomatoes, green peppers, sumac onion and flatbread
The Turkish table

A cuisine of regions and techniques

Adana's hand-shaped kebap, Gaziantep's lamb-and-aubergine Ali Nazik and Antakya's cheese-filled künefe show why a dish name often carries a precise regional identity. Antalya piyazı turns beans and tahini tarator into a main dish, while Istanbul's balık ekmek and Beyti kebabı reflect the city's public eating culture.

The same collection moves through ceremonial aşure, Hatay pepper bread and smoky babagannuş, Bodrum's layered çökertme, nationwide bulgur pilavı and cacık, Circassian chicken with walnuts, Mersin carrot confection and southeastern bulgur and liver specialities.

Authenticity is treated as technique and context, not decoration. Where a home oven cannot reproduce a three-metre roasting pit, the difference is stated. Where a traditional raw-meat preparation raises a modern safety problem, a clearly named meatless version is used instead.

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All Turkish recipes

A collection of 99 published Turkish recipes.

99 recipes
99 recipes
Adana kebap skewers with charred tomatoes, green peppers, sumac onion and flatbread
AdanaMain course / grilled meat

Adana kebap

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Ali Nazik kebabı with browned lamb over smoky aubergine yogurt and red pepper butter
GaziantepMain course / lamb and aubergine

Ali Nazik kebabı

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Golden Antakya künefesi with crisp kadayıf, melted cheese and pistachio
Antakya / HatayDessert / syrup pastry

Antakya künefesi

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Antalya piyazı with white beans, tahini tarator, tomato, onion, parsley and egg
AntalyaMain course / bean dish

Antalya piyazı

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Crisp Antep katmeri filled with kaymak, pistachios and melted sugar
GaziantepBreakfast pastry / dessert

Antep katmeri

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Bowls of Turkish aşure with wheat, pulses, dried fruit, nuts, pomegranate and cinnamon
NationwideDessert / ceremonial pudding

Aşure

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Babagannuş served in its traditional presentation
Hatay / Eastern MediterraneanMeze / roasted vegetable salad

Babagannuş

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Balık ekmek sandwich with grilled fish, onion, tomato, greens and lemon
IstanbulStreet food / fish sandwich

Balık ekmek

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Antep beyran with shredded lamb, rice, garlic and red pepper in hot broth
GaziantepBreakfast soup / lamb and rice

Beyran çorbası

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Sliced Beyti kebabı rolls with tomato sauce, garlic yogurt and grilled vegetables
IstanbulMain course / wrapped kebab

Beyti kebabı

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Small Hatay biberli ekmek rounds with red pepper paste, sesame and onion topping
HatayBreakfast bread / savoury pastry

Biberli ekmek

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Bodrum çökertme kebabı with crisp shoestring potatoes, garlic yogurt and beef
Bodrum / MuğlaMain course / beef and potatoes

Bodrum çökertme kebabı

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Turkish bulgur pilavı with tomato, peppers and separate golden grains
NationwideSide dish / grain pilaf

Bulgur pilavı

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Burdur şiş köfte on thin pide with grilled tomatoes and green peppers
BurdurMain course / grilled köfte

Burdur şiş

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Tender deeply roasted büryan-style lamb served on warm pide
Siirt / BitlisMain course / roasted lamb

Büryan kebabı

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Cold Turkish cacık with yogurt, cucumber, dried mint, garlic and olive oil
NationwideCold side / yogurt dish

Cacık

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Mersin cezerye pieces with carrot, pistachio and coconut coating
MersinConfection / fruit and nut sweet

Cezerye

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Urfa ciğer kebabı skewers with lamb liver, tail fat, onion, herbs and grilled peppers
ŞanlıurfaMain course / offal kebab

Ciğer kebabı

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Çerkez tavuğu with shredded chicken, creamy walnut sauce and red pepper oil
Circassian communities in TurkeyMeze / chicken and walnut

Çerkez tavuğu

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Turkish çılbır with soft poached eggs and paprika-red butter over yogurt
Across TurkeyBreakfast and light meal

Çılbır (Turkish Poached Eggs with Yogurt)

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Meatless çiğ köfte with finger ridges, lettuce, lemon, herbs and lavaş
Southeastern TurkeyMeze / meatless bulgur köfte

Çiğ köfte

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Charred lamb liver and tail-fat skewers arranged with Turkish flatbread
DiyarbakırGrilled meat and offal

Diyarbakır Liver Kebab

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Turkish döner kebab slices served on a plate with flatbread and vegetables
Across TurkeyMain course and street food

Homemade Turkish Döner Kebab

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Thin open Turkish meat flatbread baked with tomato, pepper and parsley
KonyaFlatbread and main course

Konya-Style Etli Ekmek

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Turkish red lentil and bulgur soup served with lemon
Southeastern AnatoliaSoup

Ezogelin Soup

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Smoky firik and bulgur pilaf with chickpeas and tender meat
GaziantepPilaf and main course

Gaziantep Firik Pilaf with Lamb

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Crisp pistachio baklava with many thin phyllo layers
GaziantepDessert and syrup pastry

Gaziantep-Style Pistachio Baklava

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Golden-brown stuffed içli köfte arranged on a serving plate
GaziantepStuffed meat and bulgur

Fried Gaziantep İçli Köfte

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Freshly baked Gaziantep lahmacun served with lemon and herbs
GaziantepFlatbread and meat dish

Gaziantep Lahmacun

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Folded Turkish gözleme with spinach and crumbly cheese
Across TurkeyFilled flatbread

Spinach and White Cheese Gözleme

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Layered Turkish güllaç dessert in a white baking dish with pomegranate garnish
Across TurkeyDessert

Güllaç (Turkish Milk and Pomegranate Dessert)

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Turkish hamsi tava piled on a platter with lemon wedges
Black SeaSeafood

Hamsi Tava (Turkish Pan-Fried Anchovies)

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Anchovy-wrapped Turkish rice pilaf cut to reveal its filling
Trabzon and the Black SeaSeafood and rice

Hamsili Pilav (Anchovy-Wrapped Rice Pilaf)

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Shallow bowl of strained-yogurt haydari beside flatbread
Across TurkeyMeze

Haydari (Turkish Strained-Yogurt Meze)

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Tarsus-style hummus with tahini and pul biber butter
Tarsus, MersinMeze and light meal

Warm Tarsus-Style Hummus

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Turkish hünkar beğendi with tender lamb and creamy eggplant
Istanbul and BursaMain course

Hünkar Beğendi (Lamb over Smoked Eggplant Purée)

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Large tender pieces of Isparta-style oven lamb on a serving plate
IspartaMain course

Isparta Fırın Kebabı (Home-Oven Lamb Adaptation)

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Turkish izgara köfte with grilled tomato and pepper
Across TurkeyMain course

Izgara Köfte (Turkish Grilled Meatballs)

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Turkish imam bayildi eggplants glossy with olive oil
Across TurkeyVegetable main and meze

İmam Bayıldı (Olive-Oil Stuffed Eggplants)

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Bursa-style İnegöl meatballs grilled in compact ovals
İnegöl, BursaMain course

İnegöl Köfte

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İskender-style kebab finished with tomato sauce and melted butter
BursaMain course

İskender-Style Kebab (Home Adaptation)

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Golden Turkish lokma rings piled after frying and syruping
İzmirDessert

İzmir Lokması (Ring-Shaped Syrup Doughnuts)

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Fried shredded-pastry rolls glistening after a cool syrup bath
ErzurumDessert

Erzurum Kadayıf Dolması

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Turkish rice meatballs fried golden and arranged on a serving plate
Across TurkeyMain course

Kadınbudu Köfte (Turkish Rice Meatballs)

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Turkish karnıyarık served with rice and a spoonful of yogurt
Across TurkeyMain course

Karnıyarık (Turkish Stuffed Eggplants)

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Amber syrup-soaked bread kadayıf showing a clean kaymak layer
AfyonkarahisarDessert

Kaymaklı Ekmek Kadayıfı

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Small hand-pinched Turkish beef dumplings in a shallow bowl
KayseriMain course

Kayseri Mantısı

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Hatay meat pastries showing crisp coiled rims and browned filling
HataySavoury pastry

Hatay Kaytaz Böreği

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Turkish caramelized milk pudding scraped into neat rolls
Istanbul and across TurkeyDessert

Kazandibi (Caramelized Turkish Milk Pudding)

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Bursa-style candied chestnuts arranged intact on a small plate
BursaConfectionery

Kestane Şekeri (Turkish Candied Chestnuts)

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Bowl of Turkish keşkek with shredded lamb in the centre
AnatoliaMain course

Keşkek (Turkish Beaten Wheat and Lamb)

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Turkish keşkül in individual bowls with nuts and pomegranate
Ottoman cuisineDessert

Keşkül (Turkish Almond Milk Pudding)

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Turkish bulgur salad served with crisp lettuce leaves
AnatoliaSalad and meze

Kısır (Turkish Bulgur and Herb Salad)

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Hot kokoreç filling packed into a toasted white bread roll
Nationwide street foodSandwich

Kokoreç Sandwich (Safety-First Home Version)

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Turkish kumpir topped with olives, red cabbage and pale sauces
IstanbulStreet food

Kumpir (Turkish Loaded Baked Potato)

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Meatless Turkish bean stew with a whole dried red pepper
NationwideMain course

Kuru Fasulye (Turkish White Bean Stew)

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Black Sea cornmeal and cheese dish with a long stretchy pull
Black SeaBreakfast and hot dish

Kuymak (Black Sea Cornmeal and Cheese)

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Turkish lamb skewers served over warm flatbread
NationwideMain course

Kuzu Şiş (Turkish Lamb Skewers)

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Bone-in kuzu tandır with moist meat separating from the bone
AnatoliaMain course

Kuzu Tandır (Home-Oven Slow-Roasted Lamb)

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Gaziantep küşleme skewers over thin pide and sumac onion
GaziantepMain course

Gaziantep Küşleme Kebabı

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Pink Turkish delight cubes beside rose petals and nuts
TürkiyeConfectionery

Rose and Pistachio Lokum (Turkish Delight)

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Goat-milk dondurma lifted in an elastic fold
KahramanmaraşFrozen dessert

Maraş-Style Dondurma (Stretchy Goat-Milk Ice Cream)

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Turkish menemen served hot with bread for scooping
Aegean TürkiyeBreakfast

Menemen (Turkish Tomato and Pepper Eggs)

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Turkish mercimek çorbası served with lemon and toasted bread
TürkiyeSoup

Mercimek Çorbası (Turkish Red Lentil Soup)

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Turkish mercimek köftesi served with fresh lemon wedges
TürkiyeMeze

Mercimek Köftesi (Turkish Lentil and Bulgur Patties)

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Spoonful of dark aromatic Manisa-style mesir paste
ManisaConfectionery

Mesir Macunu (Manisa-Style Spiced Confection)

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Turkish midye dolma ready for a fresh squeeze of lemon
Coastal TürkiyeSeafood

Midye Dolma (Rice-Stuffed Mussels, Home Version)

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Roasted pepper and walnut dip served in a shallow bowl
Southeastern TürkiyeMeze

Muhammara (Roasted Red Pepper and Walnut Dip)

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Smoky eggplant and tahini yogurt dip in a shallow bowl
Southeastern TürkiyeMeze

Mütebbel (Smoky Eggplant, Tahini and Yogurt Dip)

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Etsiz nohut yemeği served hot with bread nearby
TürkiyeMain course

Etsiz Nohut Yemeği (Turkish Meatless Chickpea Stew)

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Oltu-style layered lamb served with roasted tomato and green pepper
ErzurumKebab

Oltu Cağ Kebabı (Home-Grill Adaptation)

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Crisp rectangular Turkish pastries stacked on a neutral plate
TürkiyeBörek

Paçanga Böreği (Pastırma and Cheese Rolls)

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Dark roasted patlıcan kebabı with tomatoes and peppers
GaziantepMain course

Patlıcan Kebabı (Eggplant and Meatball Kebab)

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Buttery pirinç pilavı on a plain plate with pantry accompaniments
TürkiyeSide dish

Şehriyeli Pirinç Pilavı (Turkish Rice with Orzo)

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Small crisp fried dough rings ready for breakfast
TürkiyeBreakfast bread

Pişi (Turkish Fried Breakfast Dough)

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Plate of delicate Turkish pulled-sugar flour confections
KocaeliConfectionery

Pişmaniye (Turkish Pulled Sugar Threads)

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Turkish semolina syrup cake served as a neat golden portion
TürkiyeDessert

Revani (Turkish Semolina Syrup Cake)

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Rows of crisp golden Turkish cheese rolls beside parsley and white cheese
TürkiyeBörek

Sigara Böreği (Crispy Turkish Cheese Rolls)

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Turkish sesame bread rings with crisp mahogany crust
IstanbulBread

Simit (Turkish Sesame Bread Rings)

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Layered Turkish water börek with browned top and soft centre
Eastern AnatoliaBörek

Su Böreği (Boiled-Layer Turkish Cheese Pastry)

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Turkish sucuklu yumurta with crisp sausage edges and set egg whites
TürkiyeBreakfast

Sucuklu Yumurta (Turkish Sausage and Eggs)

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Chilled fırın sütlaç in a clay bowl with deeply browned patches
TürkiyeDessert

Fırın Sütlaç (Turkish Baked Rice Pudding)

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Chunky eggplant şakşuka meze served on a shallow plate
TürkiyeMeze

Şakşuka (Turkish Fried Vegetable Meze)

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Dense syrup-soaked semolina cake cut into neat rectangles
İzmirDessert

İzmir Şambali (Dense Semolina Syrup Cake)

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Turkish semolina syrup pastries arranged closely on a serving plate
TürkiyeDessert

Şekerpare (Turkish Semolina Syrup Pastries)

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Turkish minced kebab skewers with grilled tomato and peppers
TürkiyeKebab

Minced-Meat Şiş Kebap (Turkish Grilled Kebabs)

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Gaziantep yogurt stew finished with green mint butter
GaziantepStew

Antep Şiveydizi (Lamb and Spring Garlic Yogurt Stew)

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Tantuni beef sizzling on a wide pan with red pepper and juices
MersinStreet food

Mersin-Style Beef Tantuni Wrap

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Bowl of red-brown beef stew served with rice
TürkiyeStew

Tas Kebabı (Turkish Beef Stew)

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Turkish chicken kebab skewers served with grilled peppers and rice
TürkiyeKebab

Tavuk Şiş (Turkish Chicken Skewers)

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Smooth Turkish chicken breast milk pudding cut into neat pieces
IstanbulDessert

Tavukgöğsü (Turkish Chicken Breast Milk Pudding)

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Tray-baked minced meat kebab with browned surface and vegetable border
HatayKebab

Hatay-Style Tepsi Kebabı (Tray-Baked Minced Meat)

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Cappadocia-style clay-pot kebab served with rice and flatbread
CappadociaKebab

Testi Kebabı (Safe Home-Oven Clay-Pot Adaptation)

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Open Turkish cheese pide with melted cheese and glossy centre yolk
TrabzonBread

Trabzon-Style Cheese Pide with Egg

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Deep-golden Turkish fried dough batons with pistachio garnish
TürkiyeDessert

Tulumba Tatlısı (Ridged Fried Syrup Pastries)

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Urfa kebabı with grilled red and green peppers, tomato and flatbread
ŞanlıurfaKebab

Urfa Kebabı (Mild Turkish Lamb Kebab)

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Large paper-thin Turkish flatbreads folded in a dry stack
AnatoliaBread

Yufka Ekmeği (Paper-Thin Turkish Flatbread)

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Lamb, chickpeas and pinhead yuvarlama balls in smooth yogurt broth
GaziantepFestive stew

Antep Yuvarlaması (Tiny Rice-Meat Ball Yogurt Stew)

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Cold Turkish yaprak sarma served with lemon wedges
TürkiyeMeze

Zeytinyağlı Yaprak Sarma (Olive-Oil Grape-Leaf Rolls)

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