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Officially the City and County of San Francisco, San Francisco is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. With 808,437 people, it was the fourth most populous city in California in 2022, behind Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose. Comprising a land area of 46.9 square miles (121 square kilometers) at the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, it is the second-most densely populated major U.S. city after New York City and the fifth-most densely populated U.S. county. Along with trailing four of New York City‘s boroughs, it is also the most densely populated U.S. county.
Among American cities with more than 250,000 citizens as of 2022, San Francisco ranks sixth in overall income and has the highest per capita income. With an estimated population of more than 9 million, the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area (CSA) is also the fifth largest in the United States as of 2023. In terms of economic development, culture, and creativity, this dynamic area still dominates.
Before European arrival, the Yelamu—who spoke the Ramaytush Ohlone language—lived in what is now San Francisco. On June 29, 1776, New Spain established the Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and the adjacent Mission San Francisco de Asís. Both were named for Francis of Assisi. The once small hamlet grew rapidly under the California Gold Rush of 1849, transforming it into the biggest city on the West Coast and a busy port. By the late 19th century, the city housed about one-quarter of California’s population.
In 1856, San Francisco consolidated as a city-county. Despite the devastation of the 1906 earthquake and fire, which destroyed three-quarters of San Francisco, the city was quickly rebuilt and staged the Panama–Pacific International Exposition nine years later. For naval service men traveling to the Pacific Theater during World War II, it served as a major port.
In 1945, San Francisco saw the United Nations Charter signed, marking the founding of the body. The Treaty of San Francisco brought about calm between Japan and the Allied Powers in 1951. Returning veterans, immigration, and liberalizing attitudes all helped the city become a center of postwar cultural and social change. Opposing the Vietnam War, the beatnik and hippie countercultures, the sexual revolution, and the peace movement thrived during this time and produced the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement. These events confirmed San Francisco’s leadership as a center of liberal activity in the United States.
Comprising San Francisco, the Bay Area is a worldwide center of sciences, arts, and business activity. Leading universities as well as strong sectors—including finance, insurance, real estate, healthcare, high-tech, and professional services—are driving this dynamic area to flourish. With 6.7 million people living in the metropolitan area, which has a GDP of $874 billion and is the second-largest economy in terms of GDP per capita ($131,082) and fifth-largest economy in the OECD countries. This accomplishment exceeded the GDP of big world cities including Singapore, London, and Paris.
With a GDP of $729 billion in 2022, San Francisco, the 13th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States, boasts 4.6 million citizens and ranks fourth in overall income and economic output. With a GDP of $1.32 trillion in 2022, the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland Combined Statistical Area ranks third-largest by economic output and fifth-most populous in the United States. San Francisco proper had a GDP of $252.2 billion and a GDP per capita of $312,000 the same year.
Ranked fifth in the world and second in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index—a worldwide acknowledgment of San Francisco’s financial might—as of September 2023. Among the many powerful companies that have established themselves in the city despite continuous corporate migration from its downtown core are Salesforce, Uber, Airbnb, Levi’s, Gap, Dropbox, and Lyft. San Francisco’s ongoing leadership in trade and innovation is underlined by this dynamic economic environment.
With more than 1.7 million visitors, San Francisco ranked fifth among cities visited by international visitors in 2022, behind New York City, Miami, Orlando, and Los Angeles. There were 21.9 million visitors overall, about 20 million of which were domestic. San Francisco is well-known for its famous fog, cool summer, and landmarks including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, and Alcatraz, in addition to its steep rolling hills and varied architectural styles found in many neighborhoods. The energetic Chinatown and Mission areas highlight its unique appeal even more.
Among the prestigious learning and cultural establishments in the city are the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco State University, and the San Francisco Conservatory of Music. Among the cultural highlights of the city are the de Young Museum, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco Symphony, San Francisco Ballet, San Francisco Opera, SFJAZZ Center, and California Academy of Sciences.
Sports fans have the chance in the city to see games from two big league teams: the Golden State Warriors and the San Francisco Giants. While San Francisco International Airport (SFO) links passengers to over 125 locations, the BART and Caltrain systems as well as a vast light rail and bus network guarantee flawless connectivity throughout the city and the larger area. Because of its mix of cultural diversity and accessibility, San Francisco is a vibrant place for guests from all around the world.
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