The Rainbow Mountains of Zhangye Danxia are vividly striped sandstone hills in Gansu, China, famed for multicolored bands of sedimentary rock. Technically part of Zhangye Danxia National Geopark, the site gained UNESCO World Heritage status in 2010. These hills (known as 七彩丹霞 “Seven-Color Danxia”) rise in Linze and Sunan counties near Zhangye City.
The Rainbow Mountains is the popular name for the Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park. It lies in northwestern Gansu Province (Linze and Sunan counties). The park’s sandstone hills are streaked with vibrant stripes of red, orange, yellow, and green. These colors come from iron and other minerals in the rock. Locals call the vivid main scenic area 七彩云海 (“Colorful Sea of Clouds”) and 色彩秀 (“Colorful Splendor”) among other poetic names. The official site is often described as the most famous Danxia landform in China (Danxia meaning “red cliffs”).
Geographically, Zhangye Danxia sits at 2,000–2,300 m elevation on the northern flank of the Qilian Mountains. It covers about 510 km² of rugged terrain, though only ~50 km² is easily visited. The park contains over seven main viewing platforms and dozens of named rock features (e.g. “Sleeping Beauty,” “Giant Scallop,” “Monkey Gazing at Sea,” etc.). Its isolation on the Silk Road kept it obscure until the late 20th century. Only after road access improved in the 1980s did tourism boom. In 2010 it became part of the “China Danxia” UNESCO World Heritage serial nomination. Today it’s also a national 5A tourism site and (as of 2019) a UNESCO Global Geopark.
Visitors often remark that Zhangye Danxia’s bands seem surreal, as if painted. Photographers and scientists alike confirm the colors are genuine, though they intensify under certain light. According to spectroscopy studies, hematite (Fe₂O₃) underlies the iconic reds and oranges, while goethite (FeO(OH)) and related iron minerals yield yellows. Chlorite-bearing layers or trace copper impart the greens. White and gray bands are usually lighter clays or calcium-rich beds. Regardless of chemistry, the net effect is an “artist’s palette of oxides” draped across the hills.
The Zhangye Danxia story begins roughly 24 million years ago during the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods. In vast basin lakes and river deltas, layers of silt and fine sand accumulated, composing today’s sandstone and mudstone. This sediment, rich in minerals, compacted into broad strata over millions of years. Tectonic forces then dramatically reworked the scene. The collision of the Indo-Australian plate with Eurasia (the same event that built the Himalayas) caused the strata here to buckle and uplift. Gentle folding and thrusting tilted the once-horizontal layers, so that today they outcrop in steep benches and undulating waves.
Since uplift, ongoing erosion has sculpted the exposed layers. Wind, rain, and freeze-thaw cycles have carved the sandstone into ridges, pillars, and amphitheaters. Rainwater percolating through the rock dissolves minerals and re-deposits iron and calcite along fractures. Over geological time, this has enhanced the color contrasts. For example, researchers note that groundwater-borne minerals have streaked iron oxides through the rock, deepening the reds and browns. Meanwhile, softer layers erode faster, leaving harder, colorful bands as cliff faces. The result is a layer-cake effect of bright stripes laid bare on the hillsides.
According to local geologists, the uplifts and erosion here have been gradual (just millimeters per year), but the cumulative effect is dramatic. The oldest layers at depth date to the early Cretaceous (~130–120 million years ago), while the youngest sedimentation occurred around 25–30 Mya. The park’s exposed layers record nearly the full history of the Eastern Tethys Sea and the Himalayan orogeny. In short, Zhangye Danxia’s colors formed by ancient sediment deposition + tectonic uplift + differential erosion over ~24 My.
Definitive Timeline (high-level): Early-Mid Cretaceous (145–100 Mya): sedimentation in lakes/deltas → Late Paleogene (34–24 Mya): major uplift event tilts strata → Neogene–Present: continuous erosion and weathering unveil colors.
The rainbow hues have specific geological origins. Modern analyses (including visible-spectrum scans) pinpoint key pigments. Red/Orange: The vivid scarlets and russets are due to hematite (Fe₂O₃) and related iron oxides in the sandstone. When iron-bearing groundwater oxidizes, it leaves behind these warm tints. Yellow/Gold: Layers of goethite or jarosite (hydrated iron oxides/hydroxides) create golden-yellow streaks. Essentially, yellow bands are simply altered iron minerals in a different oxidation state. Green: Chlorite, a common green silicate mineral, is abundant in some beds; trace amounts of copper minerals can also tint layers green. In Zhangye Danxia, look for thin pale-green bands along wetter slopes (these often appear more visible after rain). Gray/White: The occasional grayish or whitish bands come from quartz, calcite, or gypsum cement in the sandstone. These lighter beds often mark ancient dune or shoreline deposits.
In the field, the colors can shift subtly. For example, iron oxide coatings may vary from deep rust to brown depending on moisture and age. A recent spectroscopy study confirmed that the reddest layers show very high hematite concentrations. In simple terms: reds = iron oxides, yellows = iron hydroxides, greens = chlorite (plus copper clays), browns = limonite/goethite, and whites = lighter carbonate minerals. Visitors often describe the effect as geological “watercolor painting,” which is apt: tiny chemical changes in sediment translate into sweeping color fields on the mountains.
Color Chart (Mineral Guide): Red = hematite (Fe₂O₃). Yellow = goethite/limonite (hydrated iron oxides). Green = chlorite or malachite (copper compounds). White/gray = calcite or silica-rich layers. Each band’s hue depends on its unique mineral mix and weathering history.
A common question: Do the mountains really look like the postcards? The answer is yes—but with nuance. Many published photos undergo post-processing to boost contrast and saturation, so casual tourists might expect overly vivid colors. In reality, the stripes are genuine but can appear more muted under flat daylight. Zhangye’s colors come alive particularly under oblique sunlight: at sunrise and sunset the low-angle light casts long shadows and intensifies reds. Conversely, mid-day harsh light can wash out some hues.
In person, visitors typically see a reddish-orange-brown landscape streaked with yellow and green bands. To the eye, the effect is awe-inspiring, though perhaps not neon-bright. A pro photographer advises: “The mountains look almost painted, but they are real sediment colors. To capture them faithfully, shoot in the golden hours and avoid over-saturation in processing.” Tour feedback generally confirms that Zhangye’s famed 七彩 (“seven colors”) are not an illusion. However, keep expectations balanced: cloudy or misty days will dull the scene, while clear mornings or evenings yield the most dramatic palette. In short, the scenery is authentic, but the color intensity varies with season, light, and even camera settings.
Zhangye Danxia officially opened as a national geological park in 2005, later upgraded to a Global Geopark in 2019. It falls under the administration of Zhangye city. The park’s total area is about 510 km², spanning Linze and Sunan counties. Of this, the core scenic zone (Zhangye Danxia Geopark) is roughly 40–50 km², with another 300+ km² designated to Binggou Danxia nearby.
The landform itself is part of the broader “China Danxia” heritage area. The UNESCO inscription (2010) cited its “unparalleled variety of red-sandstone landforms,” justifying its global importance. Visitors enter at the west gate (nearest Zhangye City), which leads to a shuttle-bus route looping through the park’s main attractions.
Infrastructure is focused on viewing platforms. There are currently 9 numbered platforms built on high points (plus several auxiliary walkways). Platforms 1–5 form the classic tour loop; 6–9 (additional fee) explore further-out flanks. The park’s road and platform system covers about 20 km in length. Scenic description often uses terms like 彩虹幻境 (Rainbow Wonderland) and 七色云海 (Seven-Color Sea of Clouds), reflecting Chinese tourism branding.
A visitor information center and rest facilities sit near the entrance. Park policies strictly forbid off-trail hiking (to protect the fragile rocks). Rangers conduct occasional guided walks and balloon flights. Official literature emphasizes sustainable tourism: pathways are paved, and viewing towers have guardrails to prevent erosion.
The key facts at a glance: Zhangye Danxia National Geopark (Zhangye Rainbow Mountains) – UNESCO World Heritage (2010) & Geopark – Area ~510 km² – Elevation ~2,000–2,500 m. Established 2005; ~3–4 million annual visitors (2020s). Park hours ~8:30–17:00 (subject to season). Core attractions: Platforms 1–9, Rainbow Clouds (Cloud Sea) viewpoint, Colorful Splendor, etc..
The park’s viewing platforms are the primary way to see the landscape. Each offers a unique angle on the multicolored hills. Below is a concise guide to the main platforms (arrange roughly in travel order):
Zhangye Danxia is the better-known of the two Zhangye-area parks, but nearby Binggou Danxia (50 km away in Sunan County) is worth considering. Binggou’s terrain is more “hoodoo-like,” with sharply eroded towers and deep narrow valleys. The colors at Binggou tend toward ochre and rust (fewer greens), and the shapes are more sculptural (pillars, palaces) rather than broad hills.
Key Differences: Zhangye Danxia’s terrain is larger-scale and rounded; its vistas span great ridges and valleys. Binggou’s rockscape is tighter and gaudier – almost “fairy chimneys” of red earth. Crowds: Zhangye draws far more visitors and buses; Binggou is usually quiet except brief spikes at sunrise. Cost/Time: Binggou entry is lower and can be done in ~2 hours, whereas Zhangye requires half a day at minimum. Accessibility: Both parks have steps; Zhangye has more built infrastructure (platforms, buses).
Recommendation: If you have one day, focus on Zhangye Danxia for the full experience. But if you have extra time (or reach Zhangye early), add Binggou Danxia for variety. Travel tip: It’s easiest to tour Zhangye in the afternoon (sunset) and then stay overnight in Sunan to catch Binggou at sunrise. Drivers say the road between parks is good and takes ~30 minutes. In other words, Zhangye for grand panoramas, Binggou for intimate oddities.
The classic advice for Zhangye Danxia: late spring through early autumn. The peak months are June through September. In these months the weather is warm (15–25°C), and sporadic summer showers heighten the contrast of the red hills. Importantly, summer monsoons put moisture back into the rock, making the colors appear deeper. By contrast, the plains around Zhangye are otherwise arid, so pre-summer rain is welcome for pigment.
Month-by-Month Breakdown:
– March–May: Spring brings moderate temperatures (10–20°C) and blossoming wildflowers on the plain. Colors are visible but often more muted than summer. (April can be windy.) This shoulder season sees fewer tourists, so it’s good for uncrowded views if you dress in layers.
– June–Sept: Peak color and comfort. Daily highs 20–30°C. Early summer rains clear dust and refresh the rock tones. Golden sunrise light is spectacular in July–August. Expect up to moderate crowds (China’s summer holidays, mid-Aug, draw domestic visitors).
– Oct: Still quite good – the dry season means sharp skies and crisp reds. Temperatures cool (5–15°C), and early autumn saffron grasses add contrast. This is often rated “best overall” by photographers for the combination of color and light. Visitor numbers taper off.
– Nov–Feb: Winter is cold (often below 0°C overnight) and windy. The scenery is still interesting (a dusting of snow on red rock can be photogenic), but access is less comfortable. Some facilities may close, and days are short. Only hardy travelers come in winter.
Climate and Light: The region is high desert: day-night temperature swings are large. Always check local weather. For photography, the golden hours (within 1–1.5 hours of sunrise/sunset) yield the richest colors. Midday light is harsh and flattens reds, though it is fine for panoramic shots. Clouds can be your friend: scattered cumulus at sunrise/sunset can catch the glow. Fog or haze will hide colors, so dry clear days are preferable.
Planning Note: Chinese public holidays (National Day Oct 1–7, Lunar New Year, and Labour Day May Day) see large crowds in Gansu. If possible, visit on weekdays or off-peak months for a quieter experience.
Daylight matters greatly here. Generally:
– Sunrise: The eastern platforms light up gradually, with long rays creeping across ridges. Cooler dawn air often yields clear views (though in summer, early haze can linger). Platforms 8–9 are particularly oriented for dawn light on the eastern hills. Arrive 30–40 min before official opening. Drawback: you must be up very early (sunrise ~06:30 in summer, ~08:00 in winter). Crowds are typically light.
– Morning: By mid-morning, the sun is high; colors are still visible but flatter. This time is best used for moving between platforms or capturing midday panoramas. If it’s sunny, bring sunglasses – harsh light dominates from ~10am–2pm.
– Afternoon: When tour buses from Zhangye arrive (often after lunch), crowds swell. By ~15:00, temperatures drop (summer heat peaks earlier). Many visitors schedule their hike for late afternoon.
– Sunset: The most cinematic light. Platforms 4 and 5 (west-facing) glow under the setting sun. The rocks turn fiery orange-gold, and long shadows accentuate the relief. Sunset time varies 18:00–20:00 by season. Warning: the last shuttle bus back to Zhangye leaves ~18:30–19:00, so if you stay for sunset, have a taxi lined up (about ¥100 to city center) or an extra night’s lodging.
By Air: Zhangye has a small airport (Zhangye Ganzhou, IATA: YZY) about 25 km south of town. It offers daily flights to Lanzhou, Xi’an, and Chengdu, plus seasonal routes (winter/spring) to Beijing, Shanghai, Dunhuang, etc. Flight times: ~1h from Lanzhou, ~2h from Xi’an, ~3h from Chengdu (via Lanzhou). If you fly here, plan on a taxi or shuttle 30–60 min to Zhangye city; there are no direct shuttles to the park.
By Train: Zhangye has two stations: Zhangye Railway Station (for conventional trains) and Zhangye West Station (high-speed). Zhangye Station (in the city) connects to Beijing, Shanghai, Xi’an, Dunhuang, etc.. West Station (3 km from city) has G-trains to Xi’an, Lanzhou, Xining, Jiayuguan, Dunhuang, Ürümqi, etc.. Travel times: 2–3h from Lanzhou, 7–8h from Beijing. From any station, take local bus/taxi 30 min to downtown Zhangye.
From Major Cities:
– Beijing: Best via connecting flight (to Lanzhou or Zhangye) or overnight train to Lanzhou + local train to Zhangye (total ~15h).
– Shanghai/Chengdu/Guangzhou: Flights to Lanzhou or Xi’an are common; then 1–2h train to Zhangye.
– Xi’an: Direct flights (2h) or 6h bullet train to Zhangye West.
– Lanzhou: 2h high-speed train; faster than driving (4–5h by road).
Zhangye City to Park: From Zhangye city center, Zhangye Danxia is ~40 km west. Public buses (West Gate line) depart Zhangye Bus Station (西关车站) about every 30–60 min from ~7:30 to 18:00. The ride takes ~50 minutes for ~¥10–15. Taxis cost ~¥100–120 one-way. If heading to Binggou Danxia, buses (7:00–17:00) run ~1 hour to Sunan County, ~¥12 fare.
Entry Fees: As of 2025, the Standard (Regular) Ticket costs about CNY 93 per adult. This includes park admission plus the shuttle-bus ride covering Platforms 1–5. (It is valid for two consecutive days.) For full access to Platforms 1–9, an In-Depth Pass (~CNY 368) is required. Children, students, and seniors typically get discounts (exact rates vary), though policies change; check at the gate. Note prices are in constant flux, so verify the latest rates “as of [Month Year]” if possible.
Opening Hours: The park generally opens 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM (shorter hours in winter). The last entrance is about 4:30 PM. Buses shuttle continuously within the loop until after closing. Evening lights are off after sunset – you cannot linger past dusk.
Included vs. Extra Costs: Shuttle buses and entry are bundled in the ticket. On-site, expect small fees for amenities: bike rental, camera use (usually free), souvenir shops, etc. The callout box on the ticket confirms that entrance fare and scenic bus fare are included in the ticket price. Hotel shuttles, tour guides, and photo permits (for professional crews) are extra. Save cash on hand: some small services only accept RMB.
Where/How to Buy Tickets: Tickets are sold at the park entrance (Gate 1) and online via official portals. English-language guidebooks recommend booking in advance during peak season. The official website (zhangyedianxia.com) provides updates.
Ticket Table (2026 rates, all in CNY):
Ticket Type | Adults (RMB) | Children/Seniors* | Validity |
Regular (1–5 platforms) | 93 | ~60–70 | 2 days (bus extra if >1 day) |
In-Depth (1–9 platforms) | 368 | ~240 | 2 days (includes gates 1–3 shuttle) |
Shuttle Bus (extra)** | 40 | 20 | Per day (if re-buy) |
Approximate – local policies vary. Shown if you must buy additional bus ticket after 2-day validity.
Zhangye Danxia can be seen in as little as 2 hours or stretched over multiple days. Plan according to your pace:
Timing Table:
Visit Type | Activities Covered | Recommended Time |
Quick (2–3 hrs) | Platforms 1, 4, 5 (sunset) | 14:00–18:30 |
Half-Day (4–5 hrs) | Platforms 1–3 (morning) + 4 (sunset) | 9:00–13:00 & 17:00–19:00 |
Full-Day (6–8 hrs) | Platforms 1–4 (daylight) + 5 (sunset) + extras | All day (7:00–18:30) |
2+ Days | Comprehensive, adding Platforms 6–9 and Binggou | As needed |
While Zhangye is remote, it can suit any budget. Below are rough daily cost estimates per person (all USD approximations):
Cost components: Accommodation in Zhangye varies from ~$15 (guesthouse dorm) to $100+ (chain hotel). Dining is inexpensive (meals $3–15). Transportation (intra-city) is cheap ($1–2 bus, $5–10 taxi). Park fees are as above. Tours and drivers greatly increase cost (private day tours start ~$100). Tip: Fill up on groceries in town if on a tight budget; bring snacks/water into the park.
Money-Saving Tip: Travel in a group and chartering a van can be cheaper than taxis. Also, Chinese domestic airlines sometimes offer discounted “airfare+hotel” deals to Zhangye. Domestic credit cards (UnionPay) are accepted in major spots; carry cash for buses.
A typical visit follows this arc: You arrive at West Gate of Zhangye Danxia (major entry point). The parking lot often fills by late morning. First, purchase your ticket at the entrance counter (with proof of ID for discounts). Shuttles depart immediately; get on a mini-bus to Platform 1’s foothill, 5–10 min away. The bus drops you at the base of a long ramp of stone steps. Ascending 100+ steps, you reach a broad terrace (Platform 1): panoramic red-yellow hills roll before you. Spend ~15–30 min here marveling at the shapes (giant scallop, camel).
Next, take the bus down and across to Platform 2. Here, you stand in a shallow valley with near-vertical colored ridges flanking both sides. This platform is relatively flat and easy for photos (horizons). After soaking in that view, you can hike up a path from Plat.2 to Platform 3 (about 500 m, a wide stone staircase). From Platform 3’s lookout, the biggest wall of bright red rock rises in front of you – a striking sight.
By now you might break for lunch or rest (the park has picnic spots but few shops on the loop). In the afternoon, continue by bus to Platform 4. This is at the end of the normal loop. Climb the final flight of steps. As afternoon deepens, you’ll notice the stone walls blush from gold to orange. Platform 4 is long and narrow with railings – grab a railing spot early. This is a prime sunset viewpoint; people here spread out cameras and tripods waiting for the last rays. Spend up to 45 minutes.
If you have energy and time, hop to Platform 5 for a second sunset vantage. It’s a short walk/bus from 4. Platform 5 looks west over a flat grass plain with patchy earth hills (the colors glint in late light). Some visitors skip 5 if tired, but it is calmer than Plat.4.
Throughout your visit, you’ll encounter basic facilities (restrooms near Plat.1 and Plat.3) and a snack bar at Plat.4. Water and sunscreen are must-haves on a sunny day. There are benches and shaded pavilions along paths, but shade is sparse near the viewing decks. Expect to do some climbing on terraces – if mobility is a concern, platform 1,2 (ground level) and 5 (fewer stairs) are more accessible. Avoid wandering off marked paths – the park strictly forbids trampling the landscape.
Essentials: Water (at least 1L/person), sun-protective clothing, sunscreen, hat, and sunglasses. Even in summer the high altitude sun is intense. Good walking shoes with grip are vital (trails and steps are uneven and sandy). A lightweight jacket or layers are wise – mornings can be chilly, and evenings drop 10–15°C.
Photography Gear: For serious photos, bring a wide-angle lens (for panoramas) and a telephoto (for distant peaks). A sturdy tripod is recommended for dawn/dusk shots, especially on Platforms 4–5. A polarizing filter can enrich sky and color. Extra batteries (cold temps) and memory cards are a must if you’ll be shooting hours. A camera bag with padding will protect gear from the constant jostling on the shuttle.
What Not to Bring: Food and drink are allowed, but glass containers and alcohol are forbidden. Hiking sticks aren’t needed (trails are short but choose strong ones if needed). Avoid wearing new shoes – you’ll do a lot of uphill walking. Leave bulky luggage at your hotel; there are no storage lockers at the park.
Packing Tip: Even on a hot day, winds can chill you on exposed platforms. A light windbreaker or pashmina is a lifesaver. Also bring insect repellent in summer – there are mosquitoes at the lower platforms near scrubby vegetation.
Zhangye Danxia is a photographer’s dream, but it poses challenges. The key is adjusting your technique to harsh light and bold colors.
Camera Settings Table: Typical settings (daytime): Aperture f/8–11 | ISO 100–200 | Shutter ~1/200–1/500 sec. Golden hour: f/5.6–8, ISO 200–400, slower shutter (use tripod!). Adjust exposure compensation +0.3 to +1.0 stops to slightly overexpose the highlights (so they aren’t clipped).
Each platform has “sweet spots” that seasoned photographers scout:
– Platform 1: The top-most terrace is wide; the far-right overlooks the curved “scallop” mound, and the far-left shows a multi-peak skyline. Aim camera along the valley or up at a red pinnacle. Time your shot when sunlight hits the front of these features (mid-morning).
– Platform 2: The circular plaza lets you shoot 360°. The north rim has the colourful “wavy wave,” and the south side frames big sweeping bands. Avoid crowds by waiting until platform 1 empties or visit early.
– Platform 3: The left side overlooks a massive red cliff (almost vertical) – great for detail shots. The right side (north) opens to layered hills. Use a telephoto for the cliff’s striations.
– Platform 4: There is only one (narrow) rail, so you’ll jostle for position. For sunset: shoot from the center-right of the platform to catch the main ridge directly. The entire western panorama can be captured in a horizontal sweep. After dusk, switch to night scenes (bright stars over dark silhouettes are possible on clear nights).
– Platform 5: Climb to the northwest corner railing for a shot of the plain with small mounds (the scene with the flat red mound and tiny yellow peak beyond is popular). The southeast corner gives more of the distant ridge line. This platform is less crowded, so you have freedom to move.
Crowd-Avoidance Tip: Visit on chilly mornings or cloudy days to get many shots without people. Also, try shooting from low angles through gaps (e.g. crouch behind a pillar to hide onlookers in the frame). Wear gloves or use a lens hood to guard against UV-reflective sun on the rocks (it can confuse autofocus).
Note: Drone rules in China change often! As of early 2025, drones are generally prohibited in Zhangye Danxia without special permits. The park is sensitive about airspace (hot air balloons are organized, but recreational drones risk fines). Drone photographers must apply to the Civil Aviation Authority weeks in advance; even then, only limited zones are allowed.
If you do fly legally, aim for Platform 7 or 9 areas (where the airspace is least used by balloons). Mornings before balloons launch (~09:00) are safest. Always yield to manned aircraft. Respect local laws: drones are forbidden near crowds. Many photographers simply content with ground shots – the necessary permits and the park’s goal to reduce disturbance mean drones remain rare here.
Drone Alternative: For an aerial perspective without a drone, hire a licensed hot-air balloon tour (if available). The park occasionally offers balloons (CGTN, 2019). This gives a sky view of the whole area—though it’s still illegal to use your own drone photos publicly.
Inside/Near the Park: There are a few guesthouses and lodges within ~5 km of the west gate. Prices range from ¥150–500 ($20–75) per night (2025) depending on comfort. Most are simple (private room with en suite, maybe heating). Staying here saves driving time and allows early park entry. Facilities: expect spotty Wi-Fi and modest breakfast.
Zhangye City: 40 km east of the park, Zhangye offers a full range of lodging. For budget, hostels and guesthouses are as low as ¥80 ($12). Midrange (3-star chain hotels) go for ¥200–400 ($30–60), and there is a Marriot/Park Inn with rooms ~$120+ in peak season. Notable options: Zhangye Park Hotel (modern, inside city), and Western Holiday Hotel (longtime favorite of tour groups). All hotels can help arrange park transport.
Unique Stays: For something different, look for farm stays near Linze. A few B&Bs in rural villages let you experience Hui culture (family-run home stays with local food). They cost ¥200–300 and include dinner. Another option: camping outside the park with a permit (advise against – cold at night and no light).
Planning Tip: If photographing sunset, book your hotel before heading to the park so you’re not rushing back. Some travelers split the difference: stay one night in Zhangye, one night near Binggou (Sunan County) to do dawn/dusk combos.
1-Day: Rainbow Mountains Focus:
Morning: Arrive Zhangye early (flight or train from Lanzhou). Grab a quick breakfast. Drive 40 min to Danxia Park, starting at Plat.1 (8:30 opening). Hike 1→3 by 10:30. Afternoon: Lunch in the park café or picnic. Continue to Plat.4; rest and enjoy late afternoon. End the day at Plat.5 for sunset. Dinner and overnight in Zhangye or park-area lodge.
2-Day: Danxia Deep Dive:
See 1-day above for Day 1 afternoon. Day 2: Wake for sunrise back at Plat.5 or 4 (weather permitting). Spend rest of morning on any skipped Plat.6–9 (or revisit favorites). Late morning: leave park, visit Zhangye Giant Buddha Temple (~10 km away) in the afternoon (see Part 7). Evening: experience a local bazaar in Zhangye city (ramen noodles, local liquor).
3–4 Day: Greater Zhangye Region:
Combine Danxia with nearby highlights. Day 2 above, plus: Day 3: Go south to Mati Temple Caves (40 km, horseback or car ride into a canyon for cliff Buddhist grottoes). Day 4: Zhangye Wetland Park or Qinghai–Gansu Railway Grand Canyon for another scenic experience. Cultural add-ons: Zhangye’s Confucian Zhenyuan Tower or restored old town.
5–7 Day: Silk Road Extension:
Zhangye is on the ancient Hexi Corridor. Extend beyond: Travel west to Jiayuguan Pass (great wall terminus, 3 hr from Zhangye) and Dunhuang (4 hr from Jiayuguan) to see the Mogao Caves. Or eastward: visit Lanzhou or head to Xining/Tibet direction. It is practical to break the route: e.g. Lanzhou → Zhangye (2d) → Jiayuguan/Dunhuang (3d) → Yulin or other sites.
Itinerary Table (Sample 2-Day Zhangye):
Day | Morning | Afternoon | Evening |
1 | Travel to Zhangye; check-in | Zhangye Danxia (Plat.1–3) | Dinner in Zhangye |
| (Optional: Jiayuguan on way) | Danxia (Plat.4–5, sunset) | Optional: night market |
2 | Sunrise Danxia revisit (if desired) | Giant Buddha Temple (Zhangye) or Mati Temple | Depart or city exploration |
(Adapt by weather and transport schedules; allow ±2h gaps for drives.)
If time permits, the broader Zhangye area has several unique sites:
Nearby Map: Many tours combine these sites. Zhangye’s bus system and taxi services can shuttle between them. Route suggestion: Danxia (afternoon) → overnight in Zhangye → Morning Giant Buddha → Lunch in city → Mati Temple → return.
Colorful layered mountains exist globally, but Zhangye Danxia has its own pedigree. Famous counterparts include:
– Vinicunca (Peru): Known as Rainbow Mountain, it’s an alpine peak with ochre/green/purple stripes in the Andes. Formation: hydrothermal sediment metamorphism. Accessible via hike from Cusco; very high altitude (5,200 m). Zhangye Danxia is lower and weathered, so its reds are brighter and more extensive.
– Landmannalaugar (Iceland): Rhyolite hills of pink, red, green. Formed by volcanic geology. Unlike Zhangye’s sedimentary colors, Iceland’s come from geothermal mineralization. It’s remote wilderness with hot springs. Zhangye is easier to reach and is more warm-toned overall.
– Painted Hills (Oregon, USA): Bright bands of gold, red, black in badlands formed from ancient lake sediments. Scaled-down version of Danxia. Zhangye’s layers are similarly sedimentary but cover a much larger area with steeper relief.
– Spectrum Range (BC, Canada) and Rainbow Mountain (Kazakhstan) are other geologic curiosities.
Comparison Table:
Site (Country) | Geology/Origin | Elevation | Key Colors | Access |
Zhangye Danxia (China) | Red sandstone (Cret.-Paleogene) | 2,000 m | Red, orange, yellow, green | Paved platforms + bus |
Vinicunca (Peru) | Metamorphic deposits (Andesite) | 5,100 m | Red, blue, green, white | Rugged hike |
Landmannalaugar (Iceland) | Rhyolite lava (volcanic) | 600–1,100 m | Pink, green, yellow, blue | Gravel roads/hiking |
Painted Hills (USA) | Claystone from ancient lakes | 600 m | Red, black, ochre | Short walks |
Each is striking, but Zhangye’s attraction lies in its scale and consistency. Hundreds of meters of continuous banding over dozens of peaks give a more “technicolor panorama” than isolated hills elsewhere. Peruvian Rainbow Mountain is high and remote, Landmannalaugar is jagged and multi-colored with geothermal ties, whereas Zhangye is a textbook sedimentary display under a temperate Gobi climate. In short, Zhangye Danxia stands apart for its breadth and accessibility, warranting its epithet as China’s “most colorful destination.”
Historical References: Traditional Chinese texts rarely mentioned Zhangye Danxia (it was remote), but local folklore imbues it with meaning. The name “Danxia” (丹霞, red clouds) comes from a Tang Dynasty poem describing sunrise over red rocks. Nearby, the Silk Road brought traders through Zhangye, and one legend says weary caravans were uplifted in spirit by seeing the hills.
Modern Discovery: The site gained fame in China only in the 1980s when geologists began mapping Danxia landforms. In 1982 it was designated a “national scenic spot.” Since the 2010s, international tours and social media have turned it into an icon. Chinese media often showcase it as a symbol of natural wonder: for example, CGTN noted it helped convert Zhangye into a major tourism city.
Symbolism: In Chinese culture, rainbows symbolize good fortune and harmony between heaven and earth. Local Hui Muslims (the predominant ethnic group in Zhangye) have their own connections: some say the layered mountains resemble Islamic prayer mats laid on the earth. The park manages Hui-owned cultural sites nearby (like the Giant Buddha Temple, which was partly built with Hui patronage).
The Hui People: Gansu’s Hui community has lived in Zhangye for centuries. They run many of the local businesses around the park (hotels, restaurants). Walking the bazaar, you’ll hear Arabic call to prayer and see halal mutton noodles – an unexpected cultural complement to the stark scenery. Including a stop at a Hui teahouse (with flatbread and goat cheese) adds a rich human element to the Danxia trip.
Zhangye Danxia’s rise in popularity raises sustainability issues. Erosion: While natural, erosion accelerates where tourists tread. Park authorities regularly repair trails and plant vegetation to stabilize slopes. They enforce stick-out-fence rules to keep people off fragile outcrops (stepping on the red loess can permanently damage the top layers). CCTV cameras now cover parts of the park to deter trespassing.
UNESCO Protection: As part of “China Danxia,” Zhangye Danxia is subject to strict heritage guidelines. This includes limits on development (no hotels inside the park), requirements for waste management, and environmental monitoring. In recent years, a new visitor center (built in traditional style) was completed to consolidate foot traffic at the entrance.
Tourism Management: The shuttle-bus system (introduced 2009) is a key conservation measure: it prevents thousands of private cars from driving among the hills. The two-tier ticketing (Platforms 1–5 vs. 6–9) helps disperse crowds and fund maintenance. Park rangers conduct regular clean-ups; visitors are asked to pack out their litter. Chinese press highlights Danxia as a model for eco-tourism in arid regions, noting that guided hikes and educational signs help visitors respect the site.
Climate Change: Long-term, climate variations could alter the park’s vegetation and erosion patterns. Gansu is slightly warming, but higher altitude areas see less human habitation. As of 2025, no sharp impacts have been publicized, but scientists watch for changes in precipitation (which could either help or speed the weathering of the red rocks).
Visitor Responsibility: Future sustainability depends on travelers. Tourism experts advise: stay on marked trails, carry in all garbage, and respect local customs. Sunset and sunrise are peak “sacred moments” – yelling and noise detract from the fragile quiet. By following the same logic as national parks elsewhere, Zhangye Danxia can be enjoyed by generations.
Q: How were the Rainbow Mountains formed? A: Over ~24 million years, lakes and rivers laid down layers of red sandstone and other sediments. Tectonic uplift from the India-Asia collision then tilted these layers, and erosion sculpted them into colorful ridges. Minerals like iron oxide stained the layers red, limonite/yellow iron compounds gave yellow, and chlorite gave hints of green.
Q: Why are the Rainbow Mountains so colorful? A: The stripes result from different minerals in each sedimentary layer. Red and orange bands come from iron oxides, yellow from iron hydroxides, green from silicate minerals, etc.. Weathering and sunlight intensify these pigments.
Q: What is the scientific explanation for the stripes? A: Each layer is a distinct rock type deposited in different eras. When uplifted and eroded, the harder, mineral-rich layers form distinct ridges. Visual streaks occur where iron-bearing layers butt up against clay layers, etc. Scientists describe it as “tectonically uplifted, stratified reservoirs” of colored rock.
Q: Are the colors fading or changing? A: The overall color pattern is stable over human timescales. However, natural erosion (rain) can slightly lighten surface pigments. Authorities have noted some reddening after heavy rains, but major color changes aren’t observed. Visiting under consistent lighting (e.g. same time of day) is recommended for comparing colors.
(Planning & Logistics)
Q: Where exactly are the Rainbow Mountains located? A: In Gansu Province, northwestern China. The park is 40 km west of Zhangye city (97°E, 39°N). Enter via Zhangye Danxia National Geopark in Linze County (west gate).
Q: How do I get to Zhangye Danxia from Beijing? A: Fly or train to Lanzhou or Xi’an first. From Lanzhou, high-speed trains (2–3h) reach Zhangye West Station; or fly Lanzhou→Zhangye (1h). From Xi’an, take a 6–7h G-train to Zhangye West, or an early flight. In high season, direct charter flights to Zhangye sometimes operate. Once in Zhangye, take a city bus or taxi to Danxia Park.
Q: From Shanghai or Guangzhou? A: No direct flights; usually connect via Lanzhou or Chengdu. Alternatively, take overnight train to Lanzhou then train or flight from there.
Q: What is the nearest airport to Rainbow Mountains? A: Zhangye Ganzhou Airport (YZY) is closest, ~30 min south of Zhangye. It has flights to Xi’an, Lanzhou, Chengdu, and seasonal routes to Beijing/Shanghai. Alternatively, fly into Lanzhou (2h train) or Xining (3h).
Q: How far is it from Zhangye city to Danxia Park? A: About 40 km west (25 miles). By highway it’s roughly a 45–60 min drive.
Q: Is there public transportation to the park? A: Yes. Buses run ~7:30–18:30 from Zhangye Bus Station (West Gate route) every 30–60 min. Taxis (~¥100) are common for direct trips. Inside the park, shuttle buses (included in ticket) connect all platforms.
Q: Which entrance should I use? A: West Gate (西门) is the main entry for most visitors. There are also North and East entrances (for platforms 6+9), but beginners should use West Gate (near Zhangye city). West Gate includes Platforms 1–5 on one ticket.
Q: Where exactly are the Rainbow Mountains located? A: In Gansu Province, northwestern China. The park is 40 km west of Zhangye city (97°E, 39°N). Enter via Zhangye Danxia National Geopark in Linze County (west gate).
Q: How do I get to Zhangye Danxia from Beijing? A: Fly or train to Lanzhou or Xi’an first. From Lanzhou, high-speed trains (2–3h) reach Zhangye West Station; or fly Lanzhou→Zhangye (1h). From Xi’an, take a 6–7h G-train to Zhangye West, or an early flight. In high season, direct charter flights to Zhangye sometimes operate. Once in Zhangye, take a city bus or taxi to Danxia Park.
Q: From Shanghai or Guangzhou? A: No direct flights; usually connect via Lanzhou or Chengdu. Alternatively, take overnight train to Lanzhou then train or flight from there.
Q: What is the nearest airport to Rainbow Mountains? A: Zhangye Ganzhou Airport (YZY) is closest, ~30 min south of Zhangye. It has flights to Xi’an, Lanzhou, Chengdu, and seasonal routes to Beijing/Shanghai. Alternatively, fly into Lanzhou (2h train) or Xining (3h).
Q: How far is it from Zhangye city to Danxia Park? A: About 40 km west (25 miles). By highway it’s roughly a 45–60 min drive.
Q: Is there public transportation to the park? A: Yes. Buses run ~7:30–18:30 from Zhangye Bus Station (West Gate route) every 30–60 min. Taxis (~¥100) are common for direct trips. Inside the park, shuttle buses (included in ticket) connect all platforms.
Q: Which entrance should I use? A: West Gate (西门) is the main entry for most visitors. There are also North and East entrances (for platforms 6+9), but beginners should use West Gate (near Zhangye city). West Gate includes Platforms 1–5 on one ticket.
Q: What is the best time of year to visit Rainbow Mountains? A: Late spring through early autumn (June–September) is ideal. The weather is pleasant and summer rains deepen colors. October is also beautiful (dry, cool, crisp colors). Winter is very cold and often windy; many shops close. Avoid the snowy season unless interested in a stark white-on-red photo.
Q: What is the best time of day for photos? A: Sunrise and late afternoon (golden hours) offer the warmest, richest light. At sunrise, eastern vistas glow; at sunset, western facets turn golden. Midday light is harsh and can flatten colors; if you must shoot then, consider a polarizing filter to enhance contrast.
Q: How many hours do I need at Zhangye Danxia? A: At minimum, 2–3 hours can cover Platforms 1,4,5 (rush job). Ideally spend a half-day (4–5h) to see Platforms 1–4. A full day (6–8h) allows a leisurely pace and platforms 6–9 if purchased. Many guidebooks suggest 4–6 hours for a thorough visit.
Q: Is one day enough? A: One day is enough for the highlights (Platforms 1–5). If you want to see everything including Binggou Danxia, allow 2–3 days.
Q: Should I visit Rainbow Mountains at sunrise or sunset? A: Both have merits. Sunrise (east light) is great for eastern ridge details; sunset (west light) bathes the main peaks in gold. Since platform access ends by 17:00, most visitors do sunset at Plat.4/5. If convenient, do one of each on different days.
Q: When is it least crowded? A: Weekdays in spring or autumn (e.g. April–May and Oct midweek) are calm. Early opening (8:30) on any day is less busy. Holidays (Chinese New Year, Labor Day, National Day) see throngs. The park can handle about 20,000 visitors/day, so arriving early or late can beat the crowds.
Q: Can I visit Rainbow Mountains in winter? A: Technically yes (park remains open, roads usually clear). Winter nights are very cold (-10°C or lower), and some buses reduce frequency. Colors are muted except after fresh snow. If you dress warmly and it’s a clear day, it can be a tranquil time, but be prepared for ice on steps.
Q: Is it worth visiting in the rain? A: Light rain can actually enrich colors (wet stones are more vivid). However, heavy rain may close the park (landslide risk). Also, puddles will pool on walkways. If showers are brief, it’s fine. A drizzle at sunrise might make spectacular mist among the peaks.
Q: How much does it cost to visit? A: Around CNY 90–100 for the basic park ticket (Apr 2025). This includes park entry and shuttle bus. Extra platforms or buses cost more. Entry is cheaper for students/children/seniors (with ID).
Q: What are the opening hours? A: Typically 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM (summer). Hours shorten in late autumn/winter (to ~4:00 PM). The park has a definitive daily schedule posted at the entrance.
Q: How many viewing platforms are there? A: There are 9 official platforms (numbered 1–9). Platforms 1–5 are the main ones (covered by the standard ticket). 6–9 are in an extended area (need the more expensive pass). Each platform has signboards in English/Chinese explaining the view.
Q: Which viewing platform is the best? A: Many visitors say Platform 4 is the best for sunsets, due to its panoramic angle. Platform 1 offers the grand first view and morning color. Plat.5 is excellent for evening light and is less crowded than Plat.4. In truth, each platform shows a different landscape facet. For one pan shot, Plat.4 wins. For morning light, Plat.1 or 2. Photographers often use all of 1,4,5.
Q: Can I hike in the Rainbow Mountains? A: No formal hiking trails exist beyond the platform stairs. The entire park is traversed by vehicle and paved paths. Going off-trail is prohibited to protect the geology. You may walk between adjacent platforms (e.g. 1→2) but not scramble into the valleys. Short walks around Platforms 2 and 5 are flat and child-friendly. Expect to do most sightseeing from the decks.
Q: Is there a shuttle bus in the park? A: Yes. After buying the ticket, free shuttle buses circulate continuously from Gate 1 to Platforms 1→2→3→4→5→back to gate. Buses run ~8:30–17:00. Platforms 6–9 have a separate loop if you have the extended ticket. The bus system is efficient; wait times rarely exceed 15 minutes.
Q: How long is the walking trail? A: Not applicable in the usual sense – you ride the shuttle. The paved approach paths at each platform are under 500 m. You can walk short connecting paths (e.g. 1→2 or 2→3) if you like, but full loops are designed for the bus.
Q: Are there restaurants in Zhangye Danxia park? A: Limited. There are snack kiosks and a small café near Platform 4. They sell water, tea, instant noodles, and simple set meals (noodles or rice dishes). Quality is modest – most visitors pack their own lunch. Picnicking is allowed in designated areas.
Q: Can I bring food into Rainbow Mountains? A: Yes, food is allowed. Many visitors bring snacks and picnic lunches. There are no stores at each platform, so carrying water/food is wise. Just be sure to pack out all trash.
Q: Is Zhangye Danxia wheelchair accessible? A: Only partially. Flat viewing areas are at Platforms 1–2. Plat.1 has a ramp up to the deck; Plat.2 and 5 have level surfaces. Platforms 3–4 require climbing steps. There are no elevators. Overall, mobility-limited visitors should prepare for restricted access.
Q: Are there bathrooms in the park? A: Yes – basic facilities are near Platforms 1 and 3 (rest stops with squat toilets). They are clean by rural standards. Carry hand sanitizer and tissues; expect squat-style toilets. There are no facilities beyond Plat.3 until the exit.
Q: Can I touch the colored rocks? A: No. The rock layers are fragile and oils from hands can harm the patina. Signs and guides insist: “no climbing or touching.” Please admire by sight only.
Q: Is camping allowed at Rainbow Mountains? A: Officially no. This is a protected area. Camping would disturb wildlife and ruin the view for others. Stick to nearby hotels or hostels.
Q: What camera settings are ideal? A: See section “Photography Guide” above. In brief: low ISO (100–200), aperture ~f/8, and bracket exposures if necessary. For sunrise/sunset, open aperture (f/5.6–8) and use a tripod or steady surface.
Q: Best lens for Zhangye Danxia? A: A wide-angle zoom (e.g. 16–35mm) to capture sweeping landscapes, plus a telephoto (70–200mm) for distant peaks. A midrange zoom (24–105mm) is versatile for day shooting. Smartphones also do well in good light (use HDR mode).
Q: Can I fly a drone at Rainbow Mountains? A: Generally no. Civil Aviation rules currently prohibit drones in the park airspace without special permit. The authorities have fined visitors for drone flights. (Hot-air balloons occasionally operate with permission.)
Q: What filters should I use for photography? A: A circular polarizer is highly recommended – it deepens blue skies and saturates the rock colors. Neutral-density (ND) filters can help with long exposures at sunrise/sunset if you want motion blur (e.g. for clouds). An UV or clear filter is wise to protect the lens from dust.
Q: Where are the best photo spots? A: See “Best Photo Spots” section above. In short: Platform 1’s scenic overlook, Platform 4 at sunset, and Platform 5’s plains view are all top picks. Also, try standing below the guardrail to include some local foreground (flowers or monument stone) for scale.
Q: Do the mountains look as colorful in person as in photos? A: Yes, though not quite as hyper-saturated as some edited images. In good light, the red and yellow hills are vivid. Most visitors affirm the photos match reality – many were stunned at first sight. Just remember: cameras record differently than eyes; your actual experience will feel very real.
Q: Can I do astrophotography at Rainbow Mountains? A: The park is far from city lights, so astrophotography is possible on clear nights. However, all platforms close before full dark. You’d need to set up just after sunset (when it’s still open) and shoot twilight sky with the mountains. It’s not a common activity, but if you get permission and arrive before gates close, you might capture stars over the peaks. Watch for night temperatures and limited visibility.
Q: Is it safe to visit Rainbow Mountains? A: Generally yes. The trails are well-maintained and walking is easy. Standard mountain cautions apply: watch your step on stone and keep away from edges. During summer, sunstroke can be an issue – bring water and shade. The park is in a moderately secluded area: keep valuables secure in your vehicle or hotel. Mobile phone signal is spotty, so plan meeting points.
Q: Are Rainbow Mountains being damaged by tourists? A: Damage is minimized by management. The paths and buses funnel foot traffic, and visitors who stray are warned. The most serious damage comes from stepping off-trail (causing erosion). Park rules forbid this and fines are in place. So far, no major vandalism has been reported – local guides take pride in policing bad behavior.
Q: What conservation efforts protect Zhangye Danxia? A: The park employs erosion control (planting vegetation, fixing stairs), and treats all sewage away from the rocks. It limits visitor numbers during peak days (ticket sales caps). UNESCO requires monitoring of geological stability. The local government invests part of park revenue into research and maintenance. In a pioneering move, a section of the park is set aside as a no-entry reserve to study natural recovery.
Q: Can I take rock samples from Rainbow Mountains? A: Absolutely not. Removing rocks or sand is illegal and subject to penalties. These are fragile geo-heritage assets. Any souvenir of Zhangye should be a photograph, not a rock chip!
Q: Are there any dangers at Zhangye Danxia? A: Few. The biggest risks are sun exposure and dehydration, or tripping on stairs. Rattlesnakes and scorpions are present in the region but extremely rare on the concrete trails. Just use common sense: supervise children, stay hydrated, and follow park rules.
Q: What happens if I go off the designated paths? A: Guards will stop you. Parks in China enforce “zero intrusion” into protected zones; you may be asked to leave or fined (on the order of ¥200–500 for minor infractions). If you see warning signs or red tape, take them seriously. Safety-wise, unmarked ground may have hidden sinkholes or unstable rock.
Q: How is climate change affecting Zhangye Danxia? A: Long-term climate studies are limited, but preliminary signs include slightly earlier springs and more erratic rainfall. This could lead to occasional flash floods that erode gullies. The park’s engineers have built extra drainage to cope with heavier rains. For now, climate change isn’t visibly altering the core formations – they’ve withstood 24 million years of change. Park staff, however, continue to monitor weather patterns and adjust visitor information if needed.
Category | Details |
Location | Linze & Sunan Counties, Zhangye City, Gansu, China (97° E, 39° N) |
Park Status | Zhangye Danxia National Geopark; part of “China Danxia” UNESCO WHS (2010) |
Area | ~510 km² total; ~50 km² core scenic (Platforms 1–5) |
Elevation Range | ~2,000–2,500 m |
Highest Platform | Plat.5 (~2,250 m) |
Established | 2005 (park); UNESCO 2010; Global Geopark 2019 |
Best Season | Jun–Sep (most vivid colors); Oct also good |
Hours | ~8:30 AM–5:00 PM (summer); last bus out ~18:00 |
Entrance Fee (Adult) | ~CNY 93 (Platforms 1–5); full pass ~CNY 368 (1–9) |
Shuttle Bus Fare | Included with ticket (additional tickets if >2-day visit) |
Contact | Zhangye Colorful Danxia Scenic Spot (+86-936-5623666) |
Coordinates | Park Center: 39°54′N, 100°3′E (approx.) |
Nearest Cities | Zhangye (40 km E), Jiuquan (230 km W), Lanzhou (450 km E) |
Nearby Airport | Zhangye Ganzhou Airport (YZY) – flights to Xi’an, Lanzhou, Chengdu |
Train Stations | Zhangye (regular trains to Beijing/Shanghai/Xi’an); Zhangye West (HSR to Lanzhou/Xi’an/Dunhuang) |
Languages | Mandarin Chinese (very limited English on-site) |
Facilities | Toilets at Plat.1 and 3; small cafes at Plat.4 |
Safety Advice | High altitude sun: wear sunhat & sunscreen. Stay on marked paths. |
Mobile Signal | Patchy (China Mobile/CUCC have best coverage) |
