Kenya

Kenya is widely regarded as Africa’s premier safari destination, a land of sweeping savannas, vast wildernesses and rich cultural heritage. Located on the equator in East Africa, it is the birthplace of modern safari tourism and even home to some of the oldest hominid fossil sites in the world – the very “cradle of humankind” in the Rift Valley. Yet Kenya is more than just wildlife. More than forty distinct ethnic communities—from the Maasai of the south to the Samburu, Turkana, Luo and Kikuyu in other regions—each contribute to the country’s vibrant cultural tapestry. At one extreme lies the towering Mount Kenya, Africa’s second-highest peak, and at the other stretches the sunny Indian Ocean coastline with palm-fringed beaches. Between these, national parks like the Maasai Mara, Amboseli and Tsavo protect Africa’s classic wildlife, offering travelers the chance to see elephants, lions, rhinos, leopards and buffalo (the “Big Five”) roaming in open grasslands. This guide provides a detailed, up-to-date road map for planning a trip to Kenya, covering visas and health, budgets and transportation, as well as highlights from Nairobi to the coast, all based on the latest 2024–2025 information.

Essential Pre-Departure Planning

Visas and Entry Requirements

Since January 2024 Kenya requires almost all foreign visitors to obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) before arrival. This $30 online permit replaced the old visa system. Travelers must apply through Kenya’s official eTA portal at least several days in advance (official guidance suggests at least a week, though processing typically takes about three working days). To apply, you need a passport valid for at least six more months with blank pages, a passport photo or selfie, travel itinerary details, and (if coming from a yellow-fever country) a valid certificate. Payment of the fee is by credit or debit card; note that the fee is non-refundable if your application is rejected. U.S. and European travelers should keep track of the official portal to avoid third-party sites that often charge extra. All nationalities except Kenyan citizens and citizens of East African Community (EAC) partner states (Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, DRC and others) must hold the eTA. In practice, this means visitors should secure the eTA before booking flights – the system even requires you to list your hotel booking.

After arrival at Nairobi’s Jomo Kenyatta International Airport or any Kenyan port of entry, travelers present the eTA approval email (print or electronic). Immigration officers will verify details and stamp the passport. Most long-haul flights land at JKIA, which offers visa counters and currency exchange on-site. If you have a connecting domestic flight (for example from Wilson Airport, the hub for local charters) or head to the coast via Mombasa or Malindi Airport, follow the same process before exiting customs.

Kenya’s authorities also check for health documents. If you are coming from a country with a risk of yellow fever, you must show an up-to-date yellow fever vaccination certificate (valid doses must have been given at least 10 days before arrival). Routine vaccinations like tetanus, hepatitis A and typhoid are recommended. Depending on your residence history and itinerary, travelers often get booster doses of these plus hepatitis B and consider rabies shots if spending a lot of time outdoors. It’s wise to check the latest guidance from health authorities or the CDC for the exact recommendations. For school-age children and young adults, make sure measles (MMR) immunization is current, as measles can still occur in Kenya. In practice, most tourists coming directly from the U.S. or Europe will not need a yellow-fever shot (U.S. arrivals are exempt unless they’ve stopped in a yellow-fever country). Still, carrying the certificate offers peace of mind especially if you have connecting flights through Africa.

Health Precautions and Vaccinations

Health planning is important for Kenya. Malaria is present in low-lying areas year-round. The CDC advises anti-malarial prophylaxis for travel throughout Kenya except the very highest altitudes (above 2500 meters) and urban Nairobi’s central districts. Popular parks like Masai Mara, Amboseli and Tsavo lie well within the malaria zones. Travelers should consult a doctor for the best drug (options include doxycycline, atovaquone-proguanil, or mefloquine) and start it before leaving, then continue during and after the trip. Other insect precautions are also vital: use insect repellent with at least 30% DEET on exposed skin each evening, and sleep under netting if your accommodation does not provide mosquito protection.

Besides yellow fever, which we mentioned, also consider typhoid and hepatitis A vaccinations, as these protect against food- or water-borne illness in areas of less-developed sanitation. A pediatrician or travel clinic can advise on those. Rabies vaccination is generally only recommended if you expect to have extensive outdoor exposure or will be in remote areas where post-exposure shots may not be readily available. If traveling with children, double-check routine childhood vaccines (polio, measles, etc.), and ensure parents have travel insurance that includes pediatric care if needed. Kenyan healthcare in major cities (Nairobi, Mombasa) has international-standard hospitals, but in more remote parks it can be limited to basic first aid.

Basic travel health insurance is not required to enter Kenya, but it is strongly recommended and even mandated by some safari companies. A good policy should cover emergency evacuation by air, hospital stays and trip cancellation. Since wildlife activities carry some risk (for instance, injuries on a game drive), make sure the plan explicitly covers adventure activities. Many credit cards offer some travel coverage, but do not rely on it exclusively.

Best Time to Visit Kenya

Planning your trip’s timing is key. Kenya’s seasons revolve around rainfall cycles. The long dry season runs roughly July through October. This period is a high point for safari: vegetation is thin and animals gather around waterholes, making game easier to spot. It also coincides with the Great Wildebeest Migration in Masai Mara (more on that below). July, August and September typically see cool mornings and dry days across most wildlife areas; nights in the highlands or on Mt. Kenya can be quite chilly. Therefore, July–October is peak season – parks will be busy and prices at lodges may peak.

After October, short rains typically occur in November and December, which break the long drought for a few weeks. The rains are usually lighter than in spring. By mid-December much of the rain subsides, leaving parklands lush and green, and many newborn animals (lion cubs, wildebeest calves) on the plains. As a result, early December through January can be surprisingly excellent, with warm coastal weather plus outstanding wildlife in the parks. It is slightly cheaper than July–Sept on average. February is generally dry and very hot (great for beach-goers), and March through May brings the long rains (especially April–mid May), when roads may become muddy and some lodges close or reduce rates. Rainy-season travel means fewer tourists and greener scenery, but plan for disruptions.

In practical terms, if you want classic safari with minimal rain, aim for June–September or December–February. If your priority is the wildebeest migration in Kenya, plan for July–October. The coast has a similar pattern: the long dry season from June–September and the warm months of January–February are ideal for the beaches in Mombasa, Diani or Lamu. Avoid the heaviest rains of April–May on the coast if you can.

Budget and Costs

Kenya can fit a range of budgets, from very moderate self-drive trips to ultra-luxury safaris. A basic daily budget (including lodging, three meals and a shared game drive) on a group tour can start around $150–$300 per person per day, often with simple lodging or camping. A mid-range safari (comfortable tented camp or lodge, all meals, daily game drives in a small group) typically falls in the $300–$600 per person per day bracket. Luxury safaris – staying in high-end lodges or remote private conservancy camps with gourmet meals and private guides – can run $600 to over $1000 per person per day.

By comparison, independent travelers living in modest lodgings and eating local food can manage on far less outside safari times, but the big attractions do cost what they cost. Important costs to factor in are park entrance fees (often around $70–90 per person per day for major reserves), and internal transportation – especially flights, which can add several hundred dollars per person if you hop between parks. For example, a small plane flight from Nairobi to the Maasai Mara may cost $200–350 one-way. Optional activities have their own prices: for instance, a hot-air balloon ride over the Mara runs on the order of $500–$600 per person. Even a single $30 park fee or a safari-drive cost adds up quickly, so itineraries matter.

On the ground, day-to-day expenses vary widely. Local meals at road-side cafés or simple eateries (known as nyama choma joints or “hotels” in Kenya) can be as little as $3–$5 for a plate of grilled meat (nyama choma) with ugali (stiff maize porridge) and veggies. Restaurant meals in Nairobi or tourist lodges easily cost $10–20 or more per person, especially for international cuisine. Bottled water is inexpensive (about $1 per liter) and often included in lodging; local fresh juices and chai (spiced tea) are cheap treats. Tipping is customary but not mandatory: drivers or guides appreciate a few dollars per day, and porters or housekeeping staff typically get 100–200 KES (about $1–2).

Savvy travelers can stretch the budget by mixing mid-range lodgings with occasional budget meals, taking public transport where safe, and booking well in advance for airlines or trains to get discount fares. Remember that prices rise during July–October and December holidays. A rough overall daily budget guideline (not including big safari tour costs) might be $50–100 per person per day for backpacker/basic travelers, $150–300 for comfortable mid-range, and $400+ for luxury, depending on hotels.

Travel Insurance and Emergencies

Medical and evacuation coverage is strongly recommended for Kenya. While not legally required for entry, many Kenyan tour operators demand proof of comprehensive travel insurance. A suitable policy should cover medical expenses, emergency evacuation (e.g. charter flights from a remote park), and trip cancellation (in case illness or other reasons force a change). Safari activities, though relatively safe, can be rugged, so ensure the plan includes adventure coverage. Keep photocopies or digital scans of your insurance policy and emergency contacts. In a serious medical emergency, Nairobi’s Kenyatta National Hospital and private hospitals in the capital or Mombasa have modern facilities. In national parks, some camps have basic clinics, but evacuation to Nairobi may be necessary for any major incident.

Getting to Kenya: Flights and Arrival

Most international travelers fly into Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (NBO) near Nairobi. Kenya Airways offers direct flights from London, Paris, Amsterdam and, seasonally, China. From the U.S., KQ via Europe is common; Emirates, Qatar, Turkish, and Ethiopian Airlines also serve Nairobi with one stop. Flight time from London is about 8–9 hours, from New York 14–15 hours with a connection. Connections are also possible via Addis Ababa or Cairo. For beach holidays on arrival, some travelers fly directly to Mombasa Airport (MBA) or Ukunda/Diani Beach Airport (DIA). From Europe or Asia, this can save travel time to the coast.

Nairobi’s terminal has multiple ATM machines and forex kiosks, but rates are better into town. The currency is the Kenyan Shilling (KES). It’s wise to withdraw some cash here or exchange a small amount ($50–100) for immediate needs; many shops in central Nairobi and lodges on safari accept credit cards but rural areas and markets do not. If you plan to use M-PESA (see below), you can also withdraw KES via your credit card at ATMs.

After immigration, you collect any checked bags and then pass through customs. Arrivals can be busy, so patience is needed. If you prefer, pre-book a hotel transfer or use the official Nairobi Express shuttles. Many visitors arrange a hotel pickup in advance, which is recommended, especially late at night. Nairobi’s taxis and ride-share services (Uber, Bolt) are safe options from the airport; ride-sharing tends to be cheaper. A taxi to most city hotels is about 1000–1500 KES ($9–13).

Before leaving the airport, consider buying a local SIM card if your phone is unlocked. Safaricom and Airtel kiosks sell data bundles; a 4G SIM with a few gigabytes is roughly 200–300 KES and can be topped up easily (M-PESA agents help with this). Most hotels and cafes offer free Wi-Fi, but coverage in remote parks is spotty.

Money and Payments

Currency and Cash

Kenya’s currency is the Kenyan Shilling (KES). As of mid-2025, the exchange rate is roughly 150–160 KES per US dollar, but it fluctuates. ATMs are widely available in Nairobi, Mombasa and towns near parks, dispensing shillings (and charging a fee of around $3–5 per withdrawal). Credit and debit cards (Visa/Mastercard) work at most ATMs; American Express is rarely accepted. Make sure to inform your bank of your travel dates so your card is not unexpectedly blocked.

Many visitors also use US dollars for certain transactions. Most lodges, national parks and some upscale restaurants will accept USD or euros at a set rate (they often display a rate), but you’ll usually prefer local currency since you get better value. Carry new, unwrinkled $50 and $100 bills (Kenya’s government may refuse notes printed before 2006 or in poor condition). $20s or smaller notes may not be accepted everywhere outside tourist areas. It’s wise to change or withdraw some local currency in Nairobi; further withdrawals can be made in regional towns en route to parks.

Daily life in Kenya can be mostly cashless thanks to mobile money (see next section), but it’s still essential to keep some cash on hand. In rural markets, small shops and local vendors (especially outside major cities), goods and even many safari excursions (like camel rides) require cash. Also, carry some change (100–200 KES) for tips, snacks, or local bus fare.

M-PESA and Electronic Payments

Kenya’s ubiquitous mobile-payment system M-PESA makes cashless travel very convenient. M-PESA is an electronic wallet run by Safaricom (Kenya’s leading telecom) that lets you send and receive money, pay bills, and pay merchants via mobile phone. It is widely used by Kenyans, and many lodges, tour operators and even some shops accept M-PESA transfers instantly.

To use M-PESA, buy a Safaricom SIM card (passport required) when you arrive. Popular outlets are at the airport or any shop with the Safaricom sign. After installing the SIM in your phone, you must register your passport with a M-PESA agent at any “Safaricom shop” or kiosk in town (registration is free and takes a few minutes). Once registered, visit an authorized M-PESA agent (these are often tiny shops or kiosks) to deposit cash into your mobile account (the agent dials some codes on your phone, you hand over the cash, and voilà – you have electronic money in your M-PESA balance).

After that, paying is easy. You send funds from your phone to a business’s number: for example, a lodge will give you their M-PESA “paybill” or “till” number, and you dial PayBill, enter that number and the amount, then your PIN. The recipient instantly gets the money and you receive a text confirming the payment. Many restaurants and hotels accept this, and even some national parks now. You can also withdraw (cash out) at any M-PESA agent or ATM (some ATMs dispense cash directly from a M-PESA account). Bear in mind that sending money and cashing out incur small fees (20–40 KES per transaction), but everyday purchases like groceries, meals, taxis or Safari fees can often be handled via M-PESA, minimizing the need to carry large cash sums.

Credit cards are widely accepted in Kenyan cities, tourist lodges and some better restaurants. Visa and Mastercard are by far the most common – almost all ATMs in Nairobi will take Visa, while finding a Mastercard ATM is slightly harder. Do note that in remote villages or on safari you may not see card machines at all. Always ask before ordering or buying if credit card is OK; many vendors prefer cash or M-PESA. American Express and Discover cards are very rare.

In urban Kenya, mobile payment apps exist, but it’s still wise to have a mix: cash (shillings), M-PESA credit, and at least one international credit/debit card. Tip: When paying by card in Kenya, watch for dynamic currency conversion offers. The machine might ask if you want to pay in USD instead of KES; always choose local currency (KES) to avoid poor exchange rates.

Safety in Kenya

Kenya is a dynamic country, and most visits are trouble-free, but it has some safety issues that travelers should heed. In general, popular tourist regions (national parks, safari lodges, nice neighborhoods in Nairobi or beach resorts) are relatively safe when normal precautions are taken. Violent crime targeting foreigners is rare but not unheard of; petty theft is the more common risk. The governments of many countries advise caution after dark, especially outside well-known tourist zones.

General Crime: Nairobi and Mombasa have high rates of street crime. Pickpocketing and bag-snatching do happen, often at crowded spots like markets, bus stations and even traffic lights. Avoid carrying large amounts of cash or flashy valuables. Keep your passport and extra money secured in a hotel safe, and carry only what you need each day. When walking, stay alert; after dusk, it’s best not to walk alone on dimly lit streets. Use reputable taxis or ride-share apps (Uber, Bolt) especially at night.

In Nairobi, some neighborhoods are to be avoided entirely (e.g. slum areas like Kibera, Eastleigh for foreigners). Tourist-friendly areas include Westlands, Karen, Muthaiga and Gigiri, which are the city’s higher-end zones. At night, these and the Central Business District can be bustling and fairly well-patrolled, but still use caution (especially around bars and clubs). In Mombasa, the Old Town and Likoni area are lively by day but are advised only in daytime with care. Beach resorts in Diani or Malindi are generally quiet after dark except within their compounds.

Terrorism and Conflict: Northern and northeastern Kenya (bordering Ethiopia and Somalia) are not tourist areas – al-Shabaab militants have occasionally crossed from Somalia into counties like Lamu, Mandera and Garissa. Avoid any travel near those borders. Similarly, some tribal violence flares in remote northern counties (Turkana, Marsabit) and in parts of western Kenya. Do not attempt to self-drive into those areas. Kenya’s government has significantly improved security, but occasional terror attacks have occurred in Nairobi and the coast in the past (for example the Nairobi Westgate Mall attack in 2013). These are statistically rare, but the risk means travelers should stay aware of their surroundings, especially in crowded public places or during large public events. Trust your instincts and follow local guidance; many hotels will advise guests if any alert is issued.

Tourist Safety: Most tourists report feeling safe in Kenya’s parks and hotels. Safari lodges often have strict security at night. When on safari, follow all park rules – do not get out of vehicles except at designated spots, and keep windows partly up if there are wild animals nearby. Always travel with licensed guides or park rangers. If you hire a private car or driver, use reputable companies. Domestic flights and trains (Madaraka Express) are safe modes of intercity travel. Avoid informal overland “taxi” services or night driving on unknown backroads. When hiking or rafting, use guides and let someone know your plans.

Health safety: Beyond violence, minor health issues are a more common nuisance. Tap water is generally not safe to drink raw, especially outside big cities. In Nairobi, tap water is treated, but many travelers still prefer bottled or filtered water to avoid stomach upset. In smaller towns and in rural areas, boil or use bottled water for drinking and tooth-brushing. Nairobi’s municipal water can sometimes taste chlorinated; most hotels provide water jugs. Also, avoid street food stands unless they look very busy (hot, cooked foods are safer than raw salads). Familiar travelers tip: peel all fruit and vegetables if possible, and wash hands frequently.

Drinking Water

As mentioned, rely on bottled or purified water. In parks and camps, lodges provide bottled water or have safe water on tap. Carry a reusable water bottle; many travelers use a portable filter or purification tablets for convenience. UV water purifiers are also an option. Make sure to stay hydrated – the sun can be intense at low elevation. Fresh fruit juices and sodas are usually safe in cities and larger hotels, but be cautious with ice (only use if made from bottled or boiled water).

Solo Travelers and Female Travelers

Women traveling alone in Kenya generally find the experience positive, though some adjustments are wise. Major hotels, camps and tourist areas are accustomed to Western women, and harassment is not typical on organized tours. In big city nightlife scenes, moderate attire (no short shorts or skimpy outfits in public, especially at night) is recommended to blend in. Always use official transport (no solo night walks). Join tours or dine with others when possible. Many women report friendly curiosity rather than hostility from Kenyans; offering a greeting in Swahili (“Jambo”) often helps set a polite tone. It’s still prudent to avoid secluded areas alone after dark. In short: exercise the same caution you would in any foreign city.

Transportation in Kenya

Kenya’s transport infrastructure ranges from excellent international connections to very basic rural roads. Planning how to get around will shape much of your itinerary.

Nairobi City Transport

In Nairobi itself, moving around is easy. Ride-hailing apps Uber and Bolt (Taxify) operate widely in the city. These are affordable, generally reliable and safer than flagging street taxis. You can pay by card or cash in most Uber rides, and Bolt drivers will accept cash or M-PESA. Fares are cheap by Western standards (e.g., around 300–500 KES for a 15–minute inner-city trip). Nairobi’s traffic can be very congested, especially during rush hour (approx. 7–9am and 5–7pm); factor in plenty of time if heading to the airport or important appointments.

The matatu system (privately run minibuses) is Kenya’s ubiquitous public transport. These minibuses cover almost every route in town. Riding a matatu is a real local experience but can be daunting for newcomers (they drive fast and often loudly blare music). Fare is around 50–100 KES per ride. If you’re feeling adventurous and willing to navigate with locals, matatus save money, but for comfort and convenience (especially if unfamiliar with the routes), sticking to app-based cars or licensed taxis is easier.

Nairobi also has the Nairobi Commuter Rail (SGR train) connecting a few suburbs with downtown, but it is not very extensive within the city. Boda-boda (motorcycle taxis) are common on the outskirts and in towns; however, they are officially banned within Nairobi city limits. If you see one, it’s often safer to avoid unless it’s arranged by a reputable service with a helmet provided.

Getting to downtown from the airport can be done via the Nairobi Expressway (a newer tolled highway) using taxis or ride-share; this is faster at about 15–20 minutes with moderate traffic. Shuttles and hotel transfers are also available.

Domestic and Regional Travel

To travel between cities or to the parks, you have several options:

• Domestic Flights: Kenya has a robust network of local carriers. Safarilink, Air Kenya, Jambojet, Fly540, and Skyward Express fly to Maasai Mara (Keekorok and Musiara airstrips), Amboseli (Amboseli Airport near the park), Samburu (Kichwa Tembo Airport), and to coastal towns (Mombasa, Diani, Lamu). These flights dramatically cut travel time. For example, Nairobi–Maasai Mara is about 45 minutes by plane (instead of a 5–6 hour road trip). Prices range roughly $100–250 each way, depending on route and season. Book these early as they can fill up. Flights are usually small twin-engine planes; luggage limits (often around 20–23 kg per person) are strictly enforced.
• Train to Mombasa (Standard Gauge Railway): The Madaraka Express operates daily between Nairobi and Mombasa. There is an overnight sleeper train (departing evening, arriving next morning after 9–10 hours) with both economy seats and sleeping berths. There are also daytime trains. The journey takes you down the Great Rift Valley and through Tsavo National Park. It’s a comfortable and scenic ride. Tickets cost roughly $30–40 in economy and more for sleeper. If your itinerary includes Mombasa or Diani Beach, the train is an enjoyable alternative to a long bus ride or flight.
• Long-Distance Buses: Modern bus companies serve the Nairobi–Mombasa, Nairobi–Kisumu (toward Lake Victoria), and Nairobi–Eldoret/Malaba routes. These include Modern Coast, Easy Coach, Mash Poa, SGR Railway Shuttles, etc. They are safer than taking matatus between cities, with air-conditioned coaches and set schedules. For example, Nairobi to Mombasa takes about 9 hours by bus. Buses often stop en route at roadside rest areas. Fares are usually under $20-$30 per person, making them a budget-friendly alternative to flying. Always choose a reputable company (good reviews, a modern fleet) because some old matatus and buses can be unsafe.
• Safari Vehicles: Many travelers arrange 4×4 game drives or full safari transport through tour operators. These usually include a driver-guide in a 4×4 Land Cruiser or Toyota van, often for multi-day game tours. If you self-drive (possible only on certain roads and parks), remember Kenyan road rules (drive on left) and that long distances take time on sometimes rough roads.
• Boda Bodas: Outside Nairobi, in towns and around parks, you will see plenty of motorcycle taxis, or boda bodas. They are very convenient for short distances (for example, from a guesthouse to town) but helmets are not always used. If you choose a boda boda, insist on a helmet and negotiate the price first. In some rural areas, boda bodas are the only transport, so they can be useful if taken wisely.

In sum, Kenya’s infrastructure is quite good along the main tourist routes. Domestic flights are plentiful but cost extra; the train and buses are slower but economical alternatives. Plan your bookings early, especially in high season.

Communication and Language

Most Kenyans speak English, one of the official languages (the other is Swahili). In cities and tourist areas, you will have no trouble using English in hotels, restaurants, and shops. Swahili (Kiswahili) is the national language and used in media and education. It’s easy to learn some basic phrases that are always appreciated: “Jambo” or “Habari” (hello), “Asante” (thank you), “Tafadhali” (please). The Maasai often greet each other with “Supa”. Learning to say hello and thank you in Swahili earns smiles and shows respect.

Besides Swahili, there are dozens of indigenous languages (Maasai, Kikuyu, Luo, Kamba, etc.), but travelers rarely need to know them. A minority of the population (especially in the upper classes) speak some French or German. Carry a phrasebook or offline translation app if curious, but English will generally suffice.

For mobile connectivity, buying a local SIM card upon arrival is highly recommended. Safaricom has the widest coverage and fastest data network; Airtel also works in most urban centers and along the coast. Telkom Kenya covers some areas too. Data plans are reasonably cheap (for example, about 1000 KES for 5–10 GB of 4G data, depending on promotions). This allows GPS navigation and internet access for maps, ride-sharing apps, and email. International roaming is usually very expensive.

Wi-Fi is common at hotels and some lodges, but speeds may be slow in remote areas. In cities and airport lounges you’ll find plenty of hotspots.

What to Pack for Kenya

Packing well can make your trip more comfortable. Temperature and conditions vary: it can be quite cool at dawn or after sunset in the bush, but very hot by midday in the plains. Dress in light, breathable layers. Here are essentials:

• Clothing: For safari drives, colors should be neutral to avoid startling animals. Think shades like khaki, beige, olive, or light gray. Avoid bright red or blue (these are avoided by tsetse flies or stand out against the landscape). Long-sleeved shirts and long pants protect against sun and mosquitoes at dusk. Nights in camps, especially in the highlands or in a balloon, can be chilly, so pack a fleece or light jacket. On the coast, it can be hot and humid; light cotton clothing is best. Modesty is appreciated outside tourist areas; in Muslim-majority coastal villages, cover shoulders and knees. A light scarf can come in handy. Include a swimsuit for pool or beach time, but note that many beach resorts expect more covered daytime attire in public spaces.
• Footwear: Sturdy walking shoes or light hiking boots are ideal for game walks and trails. Open-toe sandals are fine in lodges or at the beach. If you will be climbing Mount Kenya or doing serious hikes, bring proper trekking boots.
• Safari Gear: Binoculars are very useful (animals may be spotted at a distance). A camera with a telephoto lens is recommended for wildlife photos. Bring enough memory cards and spare batteries or a charger (some camps have solar or limited electricity). A good flashlight or headlamp is handy in camps, as lighting may be dim.
• Sun Protection: The equatorial sun is strong. Bring a wide-brimmed hat, good sunglasses and high-SPF sunscreen (zinc-oxide type for cheeks is wise). A bandana or Buff can also shield neck or face from dust.
• Insect Repellent: A bottle of DEET-based repellent (30–50% DEET) is a must for evenings when mosquitoes come out. Treat clothes with permethrin if possible.
• Toiletries/Medical: Basic first-aid kit (plasters, antiseptic, painkillers, motion-sickness pills). Medications you need (plus copies of prescriptions). Altitude sickness meds if tackling Mount Kenya (Lenana). Anti-diarrhea medicine (Imodium) and rehydration salts are good precaution. Hand sanitizer and baby wipes for places where water is scarce.
• Travel Documents: Printouts of flight and hotel reservations, travel insurance, eTA printout, and extra passport photos (needed for park permits in some cases). A small notebook and pen can be useful for travel notes or contact details.
• Gear for Power: Kenya uses 240V electrical supply and British-style Type G three-pin plugs. Bring a universal adapter with Type G pins. Lodges sometimes have intermittent power (many run on solar or generators at night), so a portable power bank or extra camera batteries are helpful.
• Miscellaneous: A small daypack for outings, a durable water bottle (to refill with purified water), and plastic zipper bags to protect electronics from dust/rain. Keep in mind that plastic bags are banned in Kenya (since 2017), and penalties apply. Instead of disposable plastic shopping bags, use cloth or mesh bags for laundry or souvenirs.

Pack light enough to meet the luggage limits of small charter planes (often one checked bag of ~20–23 kg plus a carry-on). Safari operators may prefer soft duffel bags that fit more easily into small aircraft.

Safari in Kenya: Wildlife and Parks

Wildlife Basics and Big Five

A safari is Kenya’s most iconic experience. The country is home to the “Big Five” – elephant, lion, leopard, Cape buffalo and rhinoceros – as well as a staggering number of other animals and birds. On a typical game drive you can expect to see large herds of plains game (wildebeest, zebra, gazelles, giraffe, hartebeest, warthogs), prides of lion, and (if lucky) leopards resting in the trees or rhinos grazing. Even more numerous are colorful birdlife: Kenya boasts hundreds of bird species, from flocks of pink flamingos on soda lakes to regal fish eagles, hammerkops and enormous ostriches.

Kenya’s parks and reserves generally allow you to sightsee in open 4×4 vehicles. Drives are usually early morning or late afternoon, when wildlife is most active. Guides will stop whenever something appears. Key tips: bring binoculars and a camera with zoom, keep voices low, and have patience – wildlife cannot be forced to appear on schedule! It is important not to make sudden moves or loud noises if you encounter a big predator. Guides are trained for safety. Most parks prohibit getting out of vehicles except at ranger stations or designated picnic sites (and never out in the open bush). Follow all instructions from park rangers.

Large elephant herds (and the chance for close encounters) are highlights of many parks. In Amboseli, for example, massive tuskers roam with Mount Kilimanjaro towering in the background. Masai Mara is known for its density of animals: large prides of lions, river hippos, and vast herds of wildebeest and zebra. In Tsavo (east and west), watch for the famous red-dust elephants and the shy black rhino (in special sanctuaries). Samburu Reserve in the north offers a chance to see rarer species like Grevy’s zebra, reticulated giraffe and gerenuk antelope. Waterholes in Serengeti-Mara ecosystems attract game year-round.

The Great Wildebeest Migration

One of Africa’s grand spectacles is the Great Migration of wildebeest and zebra. Approximately two million animals circle through Kenya and Tanzania each year. In Kenya, they gather in the Masai Mara roughly from July through October. This is when the Mara River crossings happen – tens of thousands of animals plunging into the river, pursued by crocodiles, making for dramatic viewing. If you visit in August or September, the migration is typically at its peak in the Mara. The sight of endless herds moving over the plains and crossing the river is unforgettable.

To see the migration, plan ahead: book Mara accommodations and guides several months in advance (June–July is often advisable). Private conservancies adjoining the public reserve can offer a more exclusive (though pricier) vantage. Keep expectations realistic: while the herds are huge, their timing and exact location can vary with rains. A knowledgeable guide maximizes your chances. Early morning game drives or hot-air balloon safaris (often timed to catch the river crossings) are popular. Even if the crossings are the draw, the Mara’s abundant predators and plains animals make any visit during dry season rich with wildlife, migration or not.

Outside the migration, the Mara remains excellent. From late October onward, herds drift south into Tanzania. The long-term calves and some stragglers may remain in Kenya around Naivasha and Narok, but the main spectacle moves back. For photography, many choose late August or early September.

Top National Parks and Reserves

Kenya has dozens of parks. Here are the highlights:

• Masai Mara National Reserve – Often simply “the Mara,” this is Kenya’s most famous park. Rolling grasslands teem with predators and herds. The Mara is contiguous with Tanzania’s Serengeti ecosystem. The best game viewing is July–October (dry season and migration), but even outside that it hosts year-round wildlife. Many conservancy lodges around the Mara allow game drives in private lands next to the reserve.
• Amboseli National Park – South of Nairobi, Amboseli’s claim to fame is elephants set against the backdrop of Mt. Kilimanjaro (visible across the border in Tanzania). Big bull elephants are plentiful here. The park’s habitat is short grass and swamps. It’s excellent for photography at sunrise/sunset with Kilimanjaro if clouds cooperate. Dry season (July–Oct) sees the most wildlife concentration.
• Tsavo East & West – Covering vast territory, Tsavo is known for its rugged, diverse landscapes and wildlife. Tsavo East has wide-open plains and the famous “red” elephants (mud-bathing in clay pits gives them a rusty color). Tsavo West includes rugged hills, the Yatta Plateau (long lava flow) and Chyulu Hills. Both parks often have fewer tourists, so sightings can feel more solitary. Wildlife includes everything from zebras and giraffes to black rhino (in sanctuaries) and cheetah. The Nairobi–Mombasa road actually passes through Tsavo East, so it’s one of the more accessible parks on the Indian Ocean route.
• Lake Nakuru National Park – A smaller but very photogenic park centered on an alkaline lake famous for thousands of pink flamingos. The flocks are seasonal but resident birdlife is abundant year-round. Nakuru also protects rare black and white rhinos, buffalos, lions and leopards in wooded areas. It’s a great park for a half-day visit from Nairobi, especially during the dry season when the flamingo population surges and animals gather by the lake’s edge.
• Samburu, Buffalo Springs & Shaba Reserves – In Kenya’s north (Samburu County), these adjoining reserves form a unique ecosystem. They support species not found farther south, like Grevy’s zebra, reticulated giraffe, Beisa oryx, gerenuk and Somali ostrich. The Ewaso Ng’iro River sustains wildlife here; hippos and crocodiles are common. The vegetation is semi-arid bush and acacia woodland. Visiting Samburu gives a feel of true wild Africa and a chance to learn about Samburu pastoralist culture. Best game viewing is in the dry season (but Samburu is generally good year-round).
• Aberdare National Park – A highland forested park around the Aberdare Mountains, north of Nairobi. It features montane forests, bamboo zones and upland moorlands. Famous lodges like Ark and Treetops overlook waterholes where one can sometimes spot elephants, buffalo and even lion at night – all from a cozy hotel veranda. Aberdare is also home to buffalo and bongo antelope. It offers a cool mountain contrast and is often paired with visits to Mt. Kenya or home stay tours. If you seek mountain scenery and cloud forests, Aberdare delivers.
• Meru National Park – East of Mt. Kenya and less frequented, Meru is known from the book/film “Born Free” (Elsa the lioness was released here). It has open plains, riverine forests and exotic species like the Jackson’s hartebeest. Because it is off the beaten track, it often feels very peaceful and natural. Game concentrations can be high in the dry months. It’s a good choice for travelers wanting solitude and variety.
• Lake Nakuru, Naivasha and the Rift Valley – Lake Nakuru we covered. Nearby Lake Naivasha (freshwater) is not a national park but has hippos and wetland birds; Crescent Island Sanctuary offers hippo-viewing boat rides and walking trails among grazing animals. Lake Elementaita and Lake Bogoria (to the northwest of Nakuru) have flamingos and hot springs. A scenic highway runs along these lakes; many travelers stop for the views. Hell’s Gate National Park (near Naivasha) allows hiking and cycling among cliffs and geysers. The Rift Valley lakes and cliffs (e.g. Viewpoint at Lake Naivasha) are a lovely detour on the way from Nairobi to the northwest.
• Laikipia Plateau and Conservancies – While not a park, Laikipia (north of Mount Kenya) holds several large ranches turned wildlife conservancies like Ol Pejeta (home to two of the world’s last northern white rhinos), Lewa, Borana, Ol Jogi and Lewa Downs. These areas offer luxury lodges and chances for off-road tracking, night drives or bush walks with rifles. Wildlife is habituated but abundant. For example, Ol Pejeta also has endangered chimpanzees and a rhino sanctuary; Lewa is known for black rhinos. Staying in Laikipia is a bit like Africa’s private preserve – excellent guides and high-end lodging come at a price, but the experience is unique.

Community Conservancies

In recent years, conservancies have become a popular alternative to the official parks. These are typically community-owned or private lands adjacent to the national reserves (especially around the Mara and Laikipia). Maasai communities, for example, lease land for tourism while continuing traditional grazing. The benefit for travelers is fewer crowds and the chance for night drives and walking safaris (not allowed in national parks). Examples include the Ol Kinyei, Naboisho, Olare Motorogi and Mara North conservancies around the Mara, or the Borana and Solio conservancies in Laikipia. Game is often plentiful because the areas are well-protected. If you can afford it, staying in a conservancy lodge is a great way to see wildlife in a less-crowded setting and directly support local communities.

Beyond Safari: Kenya’s Other Highlights

Nairobi: The Green City in the Sun

Nairobi, Kenya’s cosmopolitan capital, is often a travel hub but is worth a day or two itself. Nicknamed “the Green City in the Sun,” Nairobi sits at about 1,700 m elevation and has a pleasant climate year-round. Tourists usually begin with Nairobi National Park, only a 20-minute drive from the city center, where rhinos, lions and giraffes stand against an urban skyline. It’s a surreal but rewarding first safari. Nearby is the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, a famous elephant orphanage where rescued baby elephants are cared for. Visitors can watch the elephants feeding (usually around 11am to noon). Another conservation center is the Giraffe Centre (Karen area), where Rothschild’s giraffes are hand-fed from raised platforms.

The leafy suburb of Karen (named after Karen Blixen) houses the Out of Africa filming location, now the Karen Blixen Museum – the old farmhouse of the Danish writer. It’s a glimpse of colonial-era Kenya. Nearby is the Kazuri Beads factory, a fair-trade workshop where local women hand-make pottery beads and jewelry. A visit shows social enterprise in action.

In town, the Nairobi National Museum has excellent exhibits on Kenyan prehistory (early humans), cultures and natural history. The Bomas of Kenya offers cultural performances showcasing dances and songs from multiple tribes. For evening, Nairobi has a lively restaurant scene – neighborhoods like Westlands, Kilimani and Parklands offer international dining, steakhouses or local favorites like nyama choma joints. Westlands and Longonot Road have many choices, from affordable eateries to upscale African fusion cuisine. Nightlife in Westlands can be active, though travelers should stay in groups after dark.

For shopping and markets, city malls stock everything from safari gear to Kenyan woodcarvings. The Maasai Market (open-air crafts market) is a popular spot to buy scarves, beadwork and souvenirs – just be prepared to bargain. Nairobi neighborhoods each have their character: Karen is quiet and green, Westlands is busy and modern, Gigiri is an expat area around the UN complex, and downtown has colonial-era architecture (though downtown can be noisy).

Kenya’s Stunning Coastline

Kenya’s Indian Ocean coast is a series of spectacular beaches and historical sites, often overlooked when planning a safari-centric trip. Diani Beach, just south of Mombasa, is a world-class beach with 10 km of white sand and turquoise water. It’s ideal for snorkeling, diving, kite surfing or simply relaxing under palm trees. Nearby is the Colobus Conservation center and Kisite-Mpunguti Marine Park is famous for dolphins and reefs.

The historic city of Mombasa (Kenya’s old port city) lies on a coral island. Its Old Town, with Arab-influenced architecture, markets and the imposing 16th-century Fort Jesus (a Portuguese fort), is fascinating for history buffs. The beaches just north (Nyali, Bamburi, Shanzu) and south (Diani further down) cater to all budgets. Local Swahili cuisine (coconut curries with fish or chicken, pilau rice) is a must-try.

Further north, Lamu Island (a UNESCO World Heritage site) is a living Swahili town where donkey is main transport. Lamu Old Town’s narrow lanes, wooden doors and festivals (like Lamu Cultural Festival) attract cultural travelers. The nearby islands of Manda and Siyu also have pristine shores.

Watamu and Malindi (north of Mombasa) are quieter beach destinations. Watamu Marine National Park is one of East Africa’s richest coral reefs – fantastic for diving and snorkeling, and home to sea turtles. Malindi has an Italian holiday-town vibe with cheaper prices and is famous for local seafood and its beautiful lagoon. Note that Lamu, Watamu and Malindi are considered safe for tourists, but always be aware of your surroundings in remote coastal areas after dark (stick to well-lit beaches or hotel grounds at night).

Mount Kenya and the Highlands

Mount Kenya, at 5,199 m, is Africa’s second highest peak (after Kilimanjaro) and a UNESCO site. While the jagged main peaks (Batian and Nelion) require technical climbing, the third peak, Point Lenana (4,985 m), is accessible to trekkers and offers alpine summit views. Approaches start from the north (Naro Moru or Sirimon routes) or east (Chogoria route). Hikes typically take 3–4 days round-trip. Due to high altitude, acclimatization is important – ascending slowly and staying hydrated. Trekkers will pass through forests of giant heathers and lobelias, and may see colobus monkeys, turaco birds and elephant herds in the lower zones. Porters and guides are readily available. Even if you don’t summit, the Mount Kenya region is beautiful: options include chimpanzee trekking at Sweetwaters/Ol Pejeta Reserve on its slopes, or picnics by highland lakes (Lakes Ellis, Michaelson).

Culture and People

Kenya’s social fabric is as varied as its landscapes. The country officially recognizes at least 42 ethnic groups, each with unique customs. Visitors often focus on the Maasai, the iconic semi-nomadic people in the south. Maasai men traditionally wear bright red shúkàs (blankets) and beadwork jewelry, and engage in the famous jumping dance (adumu). They lead cattle-herding lives on the plains. Visiting a Maasai village can offer cultural insight: you might see straw homes (manyatta), meet village elders and learn about their customs. If you go, always do so with respect and preferably through a reputable community-run tour. Ask permission before photographing individuals or ceremonies; a polite “naomba kupiga picha” (Swahili for “may I take a photo?”) is customary. Beware of tours that exploit Maasai culture – choose ones that pay villages fairly and support schools or clinics. It’s fine to buy Maasai crafts (beaded necklaces, shúkàs) as souvenirs, as long as they’re authentic and fairly priced. Avoid any trade in animal parts (no ivory, no tortoise shells), which is illegal and unethical.

Other cultures: The Samburu people of northern Kenya are closely related to the Maasai but distinct in language and dress (they often wear blue or pink shúkàs). The Turkana of northwest have ornately beaded garments, especially neckpieces. The Kikuyu, Kenya’s largest group, were historically farmers in the central highlands; today they form much of Kenya’s business community. Along the coast, Swahili culture blends African, Arab and Indian influences, seen in cuisine, architecture and Muslim traditions. The Coast Swahili celebrate festivals like the Maulidi (Prophet’s birthday) with color and music.

Kenyan society is modernizing but still values hospitality (the phrase “Hakuna Matata” – “no problems” – reflects an easygoing spirit). English is used in official settings and schools, while Swahili permeates daily life. Typical greetings are important: for example, “Shikamoo” (literally “I respect you”) is a respectful greeting from a young person to an elder. As a rule, it’s best to dress modestly in villages (even more than in cities) and to remove hats/sole of shoe when entering homes or sacred sites. In towns, casual dress is fine, but long skirts/cover-ups are expected for women in rural or coastal Muslim areas.

Kenyan Cuisine: What to Eat and Drink

Kenyan food is hearty and delicious, blending African staples with influences from the Indian Ocean trade. Here are some must-tries:

• Ugali: This stiff cornmeal porridge is Kenya’s national staple. It has a dense, doughy texture and is usually eaten by hand (pinching off a piece to scoop up sauces or stews). Expect to have ugali with almost any meal, from road-side grills to high-end lodges. It’s filling, flavorless on its own, but the ultimate comfort food when paired with gravies, greens or meat.
• Nyama Choma: Meaning “grilled meat,” this is Kenya’s favorite social meal. Typically goat, beef or lamb is spit-roasted over coals, served hot with a fresh tomato-and-onion salsa (kachumbari) and ugali or veggies. Try it at a local barbecue joint or a lodge dinner. Many visitors join Masai herdsmen or guides around a nyama choma feast – it’s communal and delicious.
• Sukuma Wiki: Literally “stretch the week,” this is a common side dish of collard greens (like kale) sautéed with onions and tomatoes. It often accompanies ugali or rice.
• Githeri: A hearty one-pot dish of boiled maize and beans, sometimes cooked with potatoes and greens. It was a Kikuyu staple but is now widespread in cafeterias. Vegetarian-friendly and nutritious.
• Chapati and Mandazi: Chapati (flatbread, courtesy of Indian influence) is served with curries or stews. Mandazi is a sweet, fried doughnut-like pastry spiced with cardamom, often eaten for breakfast or snacks.
• Pilau and Biryani: Fragrant rice dishes with Indian roots; pilau is cooked with meat and spices (often cumin, cardamom, cinnamon) in one pot, biryani layers the rice and meat with rich masala.
• Nyama Stews: Beef, chicken or goat in tomato-onion gravy; “nyama choma stews” reusing leftover grilled meat with salsa. Served at many restaurants.
• Seafood: On the coast, fresh fish (snapper, kingfish), prawns, oysters and octopus grilled or stewed in coconut curry are common. “Mishkaki” (skewered beef or fish) is another street food found in coastal towns.

Be adventurous but cautious. Food in reputable restaurants is generally safe. At smaller eateries or street carts, choose well-cooked items and avoid raw salads unless you trust the source. Always wash hands before eating or use hand sanitizer.

Beverages: Kenya produces excellent coffee and tea. You’ll often start your morning with strong black tea with milk (chai). Kenyan coffee can be found in cafés in Nairobi and internationally as a high-quality Arabica. Locally, people enjoy Tusker beer or Tusker Lite on tap; you’ll see it in many bars and restaurants. You might try traditional drinks: muratina (fermented muratina tree juice, taboo among Maasai), or Konyagi (a local spirit), but stick to bottled or well-known brands. Bottled water is recommended; always check that a restaurant seals the bottle in front of you. Tap water is not guaranteed safe to drink in many places.

Restaurants in Nairobi and elsewhere: Nairobi offers a spectrum of dining experiences. Luxury hotels and Western-style restaurants serve global cuisine (steak, Italian, Asian), but for authentic Kenyan fare, visit local “hotels” (these are essentially small taverns or eateries with set menus). In neighborhoods like Westlands and Karen you’ll find both. In coastal areas, open-air seafood grills abound. Always ask the hotel staff or local hosts for the best recommended spots (they might be neighborhood gems rather than guidebook names). For a memorable experience, book at least one dinner at a traditional Maasai village (with meal and dance performance) or a Swahili seaside eatery for dhows and curries.

Accommodation

Options in Kenya range from budget hostels to ultra-luxury safari lodges. The “right” choice depends on style, budget and location.

• Nairobi: Budget travelers use hostels or guesthouses in city suburbs (e.g. Westlands, Langata). Mid-range hotels (3-4 stars) with breakfast are common for $50–100/night. Upscale hotels (5-star chains) cost $150+ and offer pools, business centers and safaris. Areas like Westlands, Karen, or along Ngong Road are popular for their safety and amenities. Westlands has lively streets, shops and restaurants; Karen is leafy and quiet.
• Safari Lodges and Camps: Inside parks and reserves, accommodation is mostly safari lodges or tented camps. These range from basic “moshik” camps (using tents or bandas with shared facilities) to luxury tented camps. At the budget end, expect communal washrooms and simple beds; meals are communal. Mid-range camps offer en-suite rooms or canvas tents with private bathrooms. High-end lodges provide en-suite villas/tents, fine dining and extras like spas or private guides. Booking is through tour operators or lodge websites, and often includes all meals and game drives in the price. Note: peak season rates (July–Oct, Dec–Jan) can be twice off-season. You usually can’t “camp” on your own in parks (except in designated camping sites with facilities); booking structured accommodation is required.
• Coastal Resorts: Beach hotels range from backpacker hostels and mid-range seaside hotels to luxury beach resorts with overwater bungalows. Diani and Malindi have large resorts with full amenities. Lamu and Watamu have smaller, boutique lodges. Even some holiday rentals (Airbnb/villas) exist in popular beaches if you prefer self-catering. December and January are busy on the coast, so book early if traveling then.
• Unique Stays: For a different experience, consider a home-stay with a rural Kenyan family or a stay at an eco-lodge in a conservancy. Mount Kenya area has mountain lodges (A-frame cabins) near trailheads. In Laikipia, some ranches offer glamorous tented camps in wilderness. Even treehouse and glamping options exist for something adventurous. Always read recent reviews – Kenyan standards can vary, so current traveler feedback is invaluable.

Regardless of type, accommodations are generally booked months in advance during peak times. Negotiate if booking last-minute in low season, but expect fixed rates. Always confirm what meals and transfers are included.

Itineraries: Sample Trip Plans

How long to stay? For a basic experience, 7 days is a minimum: this might cover Nairobi (1 night), Masai Mara (3 nights), and maybe Amboseli or Lake Naivasha (2 nights) before flying home. For a fuller trip, 10–14 days allows a combination of parks and coast. Families and those who can linger might opt for 2–3 weeks to include more remote areas.

Below are illustrative itineraries. These should be tailored with your travel operator or booked individually as needed. They assume entry through Nairobi.

7-Day Kenya Adventure (Wildlife Focus)
Day 1: Arrive Nairobi. Afternoon Nairobi National Park or city tour (Sheldrick Elephant Orphanage, Giraffe Center, Karen Blixen Museum). Overnight in Nairobi.
Day 2: Fly or drive to Maasai Mara. Afternoon game drive. (Tip: morning flights are quieter.) Overnight in Mara.
Day 3: Full day in Masai Mara. Early morning and late afternoon game drives. (Consider a hot-air balloon ride at dawn – pre-booked.)
Day 4: Morning game drive. After lunch, depart Mara back to Nairobi or next destination (via flight/road). Overnight travel or at Mai Mahiu (Naivasha) en route.
Day 5: Visit Lake Naivasha (boat ride to Crescent Island or hippo-spotting). Travel on to Amboseli National Park (south of Nairobi, between Kenya and Tanzania). Overnight at Amboseli.
Day 6: Full day Amboseli game drives with Mt. Kilimanjaro views. Overnight Amboseli.
Day 7: Morning game drive. Afternoon drive back to Nairobi or depart from Mombasa (if coastal flight). Fly home or continue to the coast.

10–14 Day Safari + Beach
Days 1–4: Nairobi and Masai Mara as above.
Day 5: Drive to Lake Nakuru (flamingos) and Lake Naivasha. Overnight Naivasha.
Days 6–7: Amboseli National Park. Overnight Amboseli.
Day 8: Drive from Amboseli to Tsavo West. Evening game viewing (look for rhinos). Overnight Tsavo West.
Day 9: Morning game drive Tsavo West, then head to Coast (evening flight to Mombasa or drive to Diani). Overnight on the beach.
Days 10–12: Relax on the Kenyan coast. Choose a base (e.g. Diani for lively beach life, or Watamu/Lamu for quieter atmosphere). Enjoy snorkeling, historical sites or just leisure.
Day 13: Return to Nairobi via short flight or train, depending on schedule. Overnight Nairobi.
Day 14: Depart Kenya.

2-Week Kenya Highlights (including offbeat)
This can include a day or two in Samburu (from Nairobi you can fly to Samburu), exploring the north, plus Laikipia conservancy, or Mt. Kenya trek. For example, after Mara, head to Samburu, then to Mount Kenya region, then Nairobi, then coast. This takes more travel time and is suited to an independent or custom tour.

No matter the plan, allow buffer days for travel delays and to relax. Kenya roads can be slower than expected, and flies occasionally change. Mixing one-hour flights between parks with scenic drives often gives the best balance of time and cost.

Shopping and Souvenirs

Kenya offers many unique crafts. Here are some suggestions for ethical souvenirs:

• Maasai Beadwork: Colorful beaded necklaces, bracelets and belts made by Maasai women. The colors have meanings (e.g. red for bravery, blue for energy). These are beautiful keepsakes; buy directly from artisans in Maasai villages or reputable craft centers (the Maasai Market in Nairobi, or shops at Amboseli). Beware of mass-produced imitations – the real ones have symbolically stitched patterns and come with a bit of Maasai story.
• Shúkàs: A Maasai shúkà is the bright red blanket worn by Maasai men and women. They are also sold as throws or sarongs. Purchase 100% cotton ones (they’re lightweight) but double-check for authenticity. Again, buy from local markets or community-run shops.
• Kiondos (Handwoven Baskets): Women’s baskets woven from sisal and palm, often in vibrant patterns. Used locally for shopping or home storage. Each region may have distinctive designs. They make excellent home decor gifts.
• Wood Carvings: Statues of animals or dancing figures carved from indigenous woods (like ebony or mahogany). These are ubiquitous, but quality varies. Look for smooth finish and fine detail. Avoid any ivory, bone or coral carvings – the government enforces bans on endangered materials.
• Soapstone Utensils: Bowls, vases or sculptures made from Kisii soapstone (soft stone from western Kenya). These are hand-carved and polished.
• Kazuri Beads and Pottery: At the Kazuri Beads factory in Nairobi or retail shops, you can buy fair-trade ceramic beads and pottery made by local women. Each bead is hand-crafted and painted.
• Coffee and Tea: Kenyan arabica coffee (sourced from highland plantations) and black tea (often spiced with ginger or cardamom) are high-quality gifts. You can find them vacuum-sealed in supermarkets or coffee shops. Try AA grade coffee or local specialty blends.

Always shop from reputable vendors (museum shops, official souvenir stores) to ensure fair prices for artisans. Bargaining is acceptable at outdoor markets (Maasai Market, curio shops), but maintain respect. Check baggage allowances for liquids or fragile items if flying home.

Practical Travel Tips

• Electrical Outlets: Kenya uses the British-style Type G outlet (three rectangular pins) and 240V voltage. Bring a universal adapter and ideally one that includes Type G. Power can go out in rural areas, so carry a power bank for phones and cameras.
• Time Zone: Kenya follows East Africa Time (EAT), which is UTC+3 year-round (no daylight saving). Nairobi’s business day is roughly 8:30am–5:00pm. Banks often close by 2pm on weekdays and are closed on weekends. Tourist services (hotels, guides) operate on tourist schedules.
• Weekends and Holidays: Sunday is observed (many shops open late Sunday or closed Sunday morning). Kenya’s public holidays (e.g. Madaraka Day in June, Madaraka Day 1 July) may see businesses closed. Ramdhan/Eid dates (Islamic holidays) affect the coast area especially. Check calendars if traveling on those dates.
• Internet and Connectivity: Wi-Fi is common in hotels and lodges but can be slow. Mobile data is generally more reliable. Expect weaker coverage once you leave towns. Internet cafes still exist in Nairobi and Mombasa, but most travelers rely on mobile data. For remote work or videos, plan sparingly; download needed info beforehand.
• Respect Local Customs: Always ask before taking photos of people. Dress modestly at sacred sites (including mosques in Lamu or Mombasa). Casual beachwear is fine on the sand but cover up when walking through villages or towns away from the beach. In Swahili culture, a handshake is customary; sometimes men will hold on a bit longer than Westerners are used to. Left hand holds less? Actually, in Kenya you generally use right hand for giving and receiving (left is considered unclean for eating).
• Environmental Responsibility: Kenya is an environmental leader in Africa (for example, having banned plastic bags). Carry reusable water bottles and avoid single-use plastic. Respect wildlife rules: do not litter parks or harass animals. If you see animal encounters (like snake in camp!), keep distance and let staff handle it. Support lodges or tours that practice sustainability (many mention this).
• Local Events: If interested, see if a cultural festival or community event coincides with your travel. Events like Maasai Mara Marathon (July) or Lake Turkana Cultural Festival (November) add color to the trip.
• LGBTQ+ Travelers: Same-sex relations are illegal in Kenya and public displays of affection by LGBTQ+ couples can attract unwelcome attention or even legal trouble. While some gay travelers visit Kenya discreetly, it is important to be aware of local laws and social attitudes. Exercise caution, be discreet, and consider safer destinations if that is a concern. Consult your government’s travel advice for up-to-date information.

What Not to Do: Common Mistakes

Some pitfalls can spoil a trip. Avoid these:

• Overpacking: Luggage space on safari flights is limited (often 20 kg per person). Do not bring giant hard suitcases. Use a soft bag or duffel and limit to essentials. You can do laundry at most lodges. Packing too much leads to excess baggage fees and inconvenience.
• Wrong Gear: Not bringing a jacket or having only bright clothes on a safari. Remember that African mornings and evenings can be cold (below 10°C) even near the equator. Also, leaving out items like insect repellent or sunscreen is a big oversight. Plan for cold nights in bush or in mountains.
• Ignoring Health Advice: Skipping malaria tablets or ignoring vaccination advice risks getting sick. Always drink bottled or boiled water.
• Not Getting eTA in Advance: Do not wait until the last minute for the travel authorization. The eTA must be done online beforehand. Traveling without it can cause denial of boarding.
• Underestimating Distances: Kenya looks compact on a map but towns and parks are far apart. Nairobi–Maasai Mara is 200 km, but roads take 4–6 hours. Nairobi–Mombasa is 500 km but 8–10 hours by road. Flying saves time. Pack patience for long drives, and plan realistic itineraries.
• Expecting Western Standards Everywhere: Outside Nairobi and Mombasa, facilities may be rustic. Power and water may cut out occasionally. Wi-Fi in lodges can be very slow or unavailable. In restaurants, service may be leisurely. Embrace this as part of the adventure – “pole pole” (Swahili for “slowly, slowly”) is the Kenyan way.
• Not Respecting Culture or Wildlife: Do not give money or candy to children in villages (it encourages begging). Always buy treats for children through a school fund or ask a guide how to contribute responsibly. And of course, never feed wild animals or stray dogs.
• Carrying Big Bills and Flashy Jewelry: Muggings often target those who appear wealthy. Use discreet money belts in cities and modest dress. Instead, carry a copy of your passport and leave originals in a safe.

By planning wisely and remaining mindful of these tips, most visitors have a smooth and safe experience in Kenya.

Conclusion: Your Kenya Adventure Awaits

Kenya promises an extraordinary blend of wildlife spectacle, cultural richness and scenic beauty. From Nairobi’s urban mosaic to a lion’s roar at dawn in the Mara, from a Maasai village sunrise to the turquoise Indian Ocean coast, the country offers contrasts at every turn. Its world-renowned parks and the warmth of its people make Kenya an unforgettable destination. Whether you seek the classic safari, tribal culture, mountain hiking or beach leisure (or all of the above), careful planning – a good itinerary, proper gear and respect for local norms – will set you up for success. Equipped with this guide’s practical advice, the bustling markets of Nairobi, the red soil of Tsavo and the gentle giants of Amboseli are within reach. Kenya’s landscapes and experiences are as grand as its horizons; with preparation and an open mind, your journey here will surely be rewarding.