Advantages and disadvantages of traveling by boat
Travel tipsBoat travel—especially on a cruise—offers a distinctive and all-inclusive vacation. Still, there are benefits and drawbacks to take into account, much as with any kind…
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Panama, formally referred to as the Republic of Panama, is a dynamic nation situated at the southern terminus of Central America, serving as a connector between North and South America. Costa Rica to the west; Colombia to the southeast; the Caribbean Sea to the north; the Pacific Ocean to the south; all around the region is bordered. Comprising about half of the country’s population above 4 million, Panama City, the capital and biggest city, is a dynamic metropolis.
Different indigenous tribes with unique customs and cultures lived in Panama before the 16th century of Spanish colonizing. The Spanish colonization was a turning point in the historical course of the area and resulted in the recognition of Panama as a necessary part of the Spanish Empire. Panama broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, which included Venezuela, Ecuador, and Nueva Granada—present-day Colombia. This union broke apart in 1831, and Panama was then included into the Republic of Colombia.
Panama’s strategic location has always been somewhat helpful, best shown by the building of the Panama Canal. Supported by the United States, Panama broke away from Colombia in 1903 to enable the United States Army Corps of Engineers to build the canal between 1904 and 1914. This major technical accomplishment changed world commerce paths by allowing boats to avoid the protracted and dangerous journey around South America’s southernmost point. While the surrounding land was restored in 1979, the Torrijos–Carter Treaties of 1977 helped to enable the passage of canal control from the United States to Panama on December 31, 1999.
Crucially important for the national economy, the Panama Canal greatly influences GDP by toll income. Completed in 2016, the extension project of the canal doubled its capacity and strengthened Panama’s importance as a major hub in world marine traffic. Apart from the canal, significant sectors like tourism, finance, and industry help Panama’s economy. The country boasts notable advancement in human development and competitiveness and a high-income economy. According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index, Panama ranked seventh-most competitive economy in Latin America in 2018 and came in 57th globally in the Human Development Index. Panama’s Global Innovation Index ranking in 2023 came at 84th.
Among Panama’s main qualities is its natural beauty. Dense rainforests, which support a great range of tropical flora and wildlife many of which are peculiar to the country, occupy almost forty percent of its land area. Rich biodiversity of Panama makes it a major destination for scholars as well as for nature lovers.
Panama actively participates in world events on an international scene. Founding member of the United Nations, this entity also supports the Organization of American States, the Latin America Integration Association, the Group of 77, the World Health Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement among other international organizations.
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Table of Contents
Functioning as a link between North and South America, Panama is on the narrow Isthmus. Its broad history, diversified topography, and vibrant culture have all been shaped by its strategic position.
Panama’s past consists in indigenous background, colonial conquest, and modern independence. Several indigenous people lived in the area before European arrival: the Guaymí, Kuna, and Chocó. The Spanish established the first European colony in 1510, therefore marking the start of Panama’s colonial era. Almost three centuries of functioning as a vital part of the Spanish Empire, Panama served as a major gold and silver transit point on route to Spain.
Declared independent of Spain in 1821, Panama joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, which included modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. After the union broke up in 1830, Panama stayed a part of Colombia until 1903, when it gained its independence with American help. Completed in 1914, the building of the Panama Canal was a major event that linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans therefore changing world trade.
Like its historical complexity, Panama’s topography shows great variety. The country is distinguished by its thin landform, which runs around eighty kilometers from its broadest point. Combining tropical rainforests, mountain ranges, and coastal plains, this unique terrain is An technical marvel across the center area of the nation, the Panama Canal is a vital channel for world maritime traffic.
With so many national parks and protected areas supporting a wide spectrum of flora and animals, the nation boasts a notable biodiversity. From the lush woods of Darién to the immaculate beaches of Bocas del Toro, Panama offers a wide spectrum of natural settings.
Panama’s culture is a dynamic mix of elements from indigenous people, Spanish colonialism, African enslavement, and modern immigration from many around the world. The nation’s festivals, food, dancing, and music all reflect its cultural variety.
Typical of the tamborito, traditional Panamanian music combines African rhythms with Spanish melodies using indigenous dance styles. Comprising parades, music, and extravagant costumes reflecting the rich legacy of Panama, the yearly Carnival of Panama is a major cultural event.
With meals combining elements and techniques from several countries, panamanian cuisine shows great variety. Rice, beans, plantains, and seafood make up staples; often seasoned with a combination of spices reflecting the diversity of the nation,
Before European arrival, Panama was home to several indigenous tribes distinguished by unique customs and way of life. Among the main groups were the Guaymí, Kuna, and Chocó people. The different surroundings of the region—including coastal beaches and deep rainforests—let the communities thrive. Their trade, fishing, and farming combined to create a network of contacts all throughout Central and South America. Pottery and tools among other archeological objects provide insights on the complexity of their cultures and cultural legacy.
Early in the 16th century, the Spanish arrived adventurers like Rodrigo de Bastidas and Vasco Núñez de Balboa beginning their conquest of Panama. Balboa was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas in 1513, therefore attesting to the strategic value of Panama. Known as Santa María la Antigua del Darién, the first permanent European settlement the Spanish established in the Americas in 1510. Functioning as a transit route for gold and silver from Peru to Spain, Panama became increasingly important in the next centuries as a part of the Spanish Empire This movement was made possible by the founding of the Camino Real and the Camino de Cruces, therefore establishing Panama as a major player in the commercial network of Spanish colonialism.
The larger liberation campaigns taking place throughout Latin America helped to define Panama’s path toward independence. November 28, 1821 saw Panama declare its freedom from Spain. Rather than right away proving itself as an independent country, Panama chose to ally with the Republic of Gran Colombia, which included what are now Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Anticipating possible Spanish reprisal, this choice was driven by the need for safety and stability. Still, the union was temporary, breaking up in 1830, and Panama stayed a part of Colombia.
Thanks to the building of the Panama Canal, early 20th century became a turning point in Panama’s history. Supported by the United States, Panama announced its independence from Colombia in 1903 The US quickly recognized the fledgling country and gained permission to build and run the Panama Canal Zone. When completed in 1914, the canal provided a direct path between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, therefore revolutionizing world trade. The United States controlled the canal and its environs during a good part of the 20th century, which led to increased tensions and the start of nationalist groups in Panama. Effective December 31, 1999, the Torrijos-Carter Treaties of 1977 set the stage for the hand-over of canal authority to Panama.
Since Panama seized complete control of the Panama Canal, it has experienced a lot of economic development and advancement. Still the main asset of Panama is the canal. It generates a lot of money and helps the nation to become a key actor in world trade. With banks, travel, and logistics all growing more crucial, the nation’s economy has also grown more varied. Though its political landscape has seen numerous changes and difficulties, Panama has always tried to strengthen its democratic institutions and lower socioeconomic inequality.
Strategically between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, Panama is a slender land bridge linking North and South America. Its geography, temperature, and fauna have all been greatly shaped by this unusual location.
Mostly between latitudes 7° and 10°N and longitudes 77° and 83°W, Panama has a minor portion stretching west of 83°. One of the smaller countries in Central America, the nation boasts a total area of about 74,177.3 square kilometers (28,640.0 square miles). Though small, Panama boasts amazing geographic variety.
The central spine of mountains and hills separating Panama from other countries defines its topography most clearly. Unlike the main mountain chains of North America, Panama’s split is a heavily eroded arch of uplifted sea bottom with volcanic intrusions forming summits. This mountain range is called the Cordillera de Talamanca near the Costa Rican border. It becomes the Serranía de Tabás as it stretches eastward and is often called the Sierra de Veraguas toward the Panama Canal. Geographers call the span between Costa Rica and the canal the Cordillera Central together.
Rising to 3,475 meters (11,401 ft), the Volcán Barú is the highest peak in Panama and a striking stratovolcano. On clear days, this top has amazing views of the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, so highlighting Panama’s small width.
One of the most important geographical features is the man-made wonder known as the Panama Canal, which links the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea to the north with the Pacific Ocean to the south across the isthmus. Finished in 1914 and under complete control by Panama since 2000, the canal is a major artery for world marine traffic.
Another remarkable feature is the almost impassable jungle known as the Darién Gap between Panama and Colombia. Although indigenous people and a variety of species call this rich jungle home, drug smugglers and Colombian rebels are also well-known residents. The single interruption in the Pan-American Highway, which otherwise runs from Alaska to Patagonia, is created by the Darién Gap.
The most diversified in Central America, Panama’s fauna is evidence of its diverse habitats. The nation is a biodiversity hotspot with species from both North and South America. From the coral reefs bursting with marine life to the jungles humming with exotic birds and creatures, Panama’s natural beauty is both breathtaking and biologically important.
Nearly 500 rivers, each adding to the varied ecosystems and natural beauty of Panama, entwine the country’s tough topography. Although most of these rivers are inaccessible, they are absolutely vital in forming the coastal deltas and valleys of the area.
Found in central Panama, the Río Chagres is among the most important rivers in the nation. Unlike many of its contemporaries, the Río Chagres is broad and provides a necessary supply of hydroelectric power. The Gatun Dam dams the center stretch of the river, producing Gatun Lake, a manmade lake vital for the Panama Canal. Built between 1907 and 1913, Gatun Lake was once the biggest man-made lake in the world and the Gatun Dam is the biggest earth dam. Northwest flowing river empties into the Caribbean Sea. Furthermore supplying hydroelectricity for the old Canal Zone area are the Kampia and Madden Lakes, which both derive from the Río Chagres.
Another noteworthy river is the Río Chepo, a hydroelectric power source akin to the Río Chagres. Among the more than three hundred rivers that empties into the Pacific Ocean is the Río Chepo With more vast basins, these Pacific-oriented rivers often stream slower and longer than those on the Caribbean side. One of the longest rivers in Panama among them is the Río Tuira. It is the only river navigable in the country by bigger vessels; it empties into the Golfo de San Miguel.
These rivers highlight the geographical and biological diversity of Panama via their different qualities and contributions. From generating hydroelectric power to helping different ecosystems, the rivers of Panama define both the natural and economic scene of the nation.
There are various natural harbors scattered throughout Panama’s Caribbean coast, offering strategic nautical benefit. Among these, the main port facility in the late 1980s was Cristóbal, at the Caribbean end of the Panama Canal. Near the Costa Rican border, the Archipiélago de Bocas del Toro provides a large natural roadstead that protects Almirante, the banana port. Furthermore spanning more than 160 kilometers of the sheltered Caribbean coast, the San Blas Islands, a series of more than 350 islands close to Colombia,
Key in Latin American marine trade are the terminal ports at each end of the Panama Canal—the Port of Cristóbal, Colón, and the Port of Balboa. For the volume of container units (TEU) handled, these ports come second and third correspondingly in Latin America. Comprising 182 hectares, the Port of Balboa boasts two multi-purpose docks with a combined length of more than 2,400 meters and a depth of 15 meters as well as four container berths. Equipped with 18 super-Panamax and Panamax quay cranes and 44 gantry cranes, the Port of Balboa also boasts 2,100 square meters of warehouse space.
Second only to the Port of Santos in Brazil, the Ports of Cristóbal handled 2,210,720 TEU including the container terminals of Panama Ports Cristóbal, Manzanillo International Terminal, and Colón Container Terminal.
Near the western border with Costa Rica, Panama also boasts outstanding deep-water ports able to fit big Very Large Crude Oil Carriers (VLCCs) at Charco Azul in Chiriquí (Pacific) and Chiriquí Grande in Bocas del Toro (Atlantic). Operating since 1979, the 131-kilometer Trans-Panama pipeline links Charco Azul and Chiriquí Grande, therefore improving Panama’s key marine infrastructure across the isthmus.
With little seasonal change, Panama has a tropical climate marked by generally high temperatures and relative humidity. The daily temperature range is limited; in Panama City, the capital, a typical dry-season day starts early morning at 24°C (75.2°F) and ends in afternoon highs of 30°C (86.0°F). Extended periods of time never find temperatures above 32°C (89.6°F). Generally speaking, the Pacific side of the isthmus has somewhat lower temperatures than the Caribbean side; still, breezes often start after nightfall to help to cool the heat. Higher altitudes of the mountain ranges result in much lower temperatures; rarely, the Cordillera de Talamanca in western Panama has frosts.
Rainfall, not temperature, shapes Panama’s climatic zones more broadly. From less than 1,300 millimeters (51.2 inches) to more than 3,000 millimeters (118.1 inches), annual rainfall differs greatly over the nation. Though its length could vary from seven to nine months, the rainy season usually runs from April to December and accounts for most of the rainfall. Partly because of the impact of sporadic tropical cyclones, the Caribbean side of the continental divide gets far more rain than the Pacific side. For example, Panama City’s yearly average rainfall is little more than half that of Colón.
Remarkably, Panama is among only three nations worldwide that are carbon-negative—that is, that absorb more carbon dioxide than they release. Bhutan and Surinade are the other two nations. This position emphasizes Panama’s dedication to environmental sustainability as well as its abundance of natural resources meant to help carbon sequestration.
With trees covering the terrain and grasslands scattered among brush, agricultural patches, Panama’s tropical climate is a refuge for a great variety of plant life. Though almost 40% of Panama still covered in forests, deforestation seriously threatens these rain-drenched ecosystems. Tree cover has dropped over half since the 1940s, mostly from other human activities including subsistence farming. Common from the northern rainforests to the southwestern plains, this kind of farming mostly produces tubers, beans, and corn.
Along stretches of the Caribbean and Pacific coastlines, mangrove swamps abound; banana farms occupy the rich deltas close to Costa Rica. Many areas have a multi-layered rainforest that stretches from the wetlands on one side of the nation to the lower slopes on the other, therefore producing a rich and varied environment. With a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.37/10, Panama ranks 78th worldwide out of 172 nations, reflecting its dedication to safeguarding its natural legacy.
With about 525 species of birds, Soberanía National Park is a shining example of Panama’s biodiversity for birdwatching. Along with reptiles like the green iguana and amphibians like the cane toad, the park houses a range of mammals including coyotes and capybaras.
Announcing intentions to build a huge and advanced biorefinery for aviation fuel in May 2022, Panama made a major step toward sustainability. Working with energy businesses, this project seeks to boost the availability of low-carbon aviation fuel, therefore underlining Panama’s dedication to environmental protection and creativity.
Central Panama
Comprising Panama City, Colón, and Coclé Provinces, Central Panama is the center of the nation The energetic city of Panama City combines old neighborhoods with contemporary towers. Key port city Colón, at the Panama Canal’s Caribbean terminal, has great historical relevance. With picturesque towns and landscapes, Coclé Province presents a mix of natural beauty and cultural legacy.
Caribbean West
Comprising Bocas del Toro Province, Ngöbe-Buglé Province, and the northern portion of Veraguas Province, the Caribbean West region Stunning archipelago, immaculate beaches, and vivid aquatic life define Bocas del Toro. Rich rainforests and indigenous people call Ngöbe-Buglé Province home. Veraguas Province’s northern portion boasts varied ecosystems and scenic coastlines.
Pacific West
Mostly in Chiriquí Province, the Pacific West area is a gold mine of attractions including Herrera and Los Santos Provinces as well as the southern portion of Veraguas Province. Highlands, coffee farms, and the soaring Volcán Barú define Chiriquí. Traditional crafts and cultural celebrations abound in both Los Santos Provinces. Veraguas’ southern section presents abundant wildlife and stunning beaches.
Eastern Panama
Darién Province, portions of Panama Province, Kuna Yala, and the San Blas Islands together define Eastern Panama’s rich forests and marshes. Darién is a wild and far-off area with indigenous people living among many animals. Comprising more than 350 islands, Kuna Yala, sometimes known as the San Blas Islands, is an autonomous indigenous area with breathtaking natural beauty and a distinctive cultural legacy.
Panama City
Comprising three separate districts—the new city, the historic city (Casco Viejo), and the colonial city—Panama City, the capital, is a vibrant city. Visitors may tour colonial architecture, contemporary attractions, and historical landmarks. A day trip to Miraflores Locks offers an amazing perspective of ships negotiating the Panama Canal.
Balboa
Key port with historical relevance and breathtaking views of the Panama Canal, Balboa is situated at its Pacific entrance.
Boquete
Coffee-growing capital of Panama is Boquete, in the Chiriquí Highland. For those who enjoy the outdoors and coffee, its mild temperature, picturesque surroundings, and coffee tours appeal.
Boca Chica
Nestled in the Gulf of Chiriquí, Boca Chica offers access to many islands and underwater adventures including diving, snorkelling and fishing.
Colón
At the Caribbean end of the Panama Canal, Colón is a historic city rich in cultural legacy with major port facilities.
David
The capital of Chiriquí Province, David is a vibrant city distinguished by parks, marketplaces, and close proximity to natural beauties.
Gamboa
Gamboa, inside the Panama Canal Zone, provides a special window into the workings of the canal and verdant tropical surrounds.
Portobelo
Portobelo is famous for its historic Spanish forts, vibrant festivals, and as a departure point for boats to Colombia and dive centers.
Coca National Marine Park
Often called the Galapagos of Central America, Coiba National Marine Park is well-known for its unusual aquatic life and immaculate underwater conditions, perfect for snorkelling and scuba diving.
La Amistad International Park
La Amistad International Park, the second biggest park in Panama, stretches into Costa Rica over 850 square kilometers. It provides several ecosystems and animals as well as cross-border preservation.
Parque Nacional Marino Golfo de Chiriquí
Excellent for sport fishing, whale seeing, and eco-tourism, this marine park, which is situated in the Gulf of Chiriquí, boasts many islands and islets.
El Valle
Nestled in the second-largest populated volcano caldera worldwide, El Valle is a little town with a special mix of natural beauty and cultural encounters.
Pearl Islands
The perfect archipelago with white-sand beaches, glistening clean waves, and lots of marine life are the Pearl Islands.
San Blas Islands
Part of Kuna Yala, the San Blas Islands provide a distinctive cultural experience combining breathtaking island beauty with the indigenous Kuna people.
Taboga
Popular day trip from Panama City, Taboga Island—known as the Island of Flowers—offers hiking paths and gorgeous beaches.
Volcán Barú National Park
Comprising 14,325 hectares, Volcán Barú National Park has Panama’s highest peak and presents difficult climbs and amazing views from the top.
Over the past few years, Panama’s economy has experienced notable changes that have turned it into one of the fastest-growing and best-run in Latin America. Reflecting a strong job market, the unemployment rate in 2012 was a low 2.7%. August 2008 saw the nation declare a food surplus as well, suggesting a steady agricultural scene. Ranked 60th on the Human Development Index in 2015, Panama shows improvement in several socio-economic measures.
Panama has had an economic explosion recently; between 2006 and 2008, real GDP growth averages around 10.4%. Panama became a top economy in the region thanks to this amazing rate of expansion. According to the Latin Business Chronicle, Panama’s five-year growth rate—10%—would equal Brazil’s between 2010 to 2014.
The Panama Canal has been mostly responsible for Panama’s economic growth. Approved in a vote in 2006, the expansion project sought to create a third set of locks, therefore improving the capacity of the canal and accelerating economic development. With an expected cost of $5.25 billion, the project has been vital for the national economy since it creates significant toll income and employment possibilities. A turning point came when the United States gave Panama ownership of the canal in 1999, enabling Panama to fully exploit this strategic advantage.
Mostly depending on a well-developed service sector, including trade, tourism, and business, Panama’s economy is Eliminating taxes on American goods, the Panama-United States commercial Promotion Agreement strengthens commercial prospects and ties even more. Though considered to be a high-income nation, Panama has clear discrepancies, especially with relation to educational inequalities. Poverty rates dropped from 15.4% to an estimated 14.1% between 2015 and 2017, suggesting development but also underlining continuous difficulties.
Strategic geographic location of the nation has made it a center for banking and international trade. With combined assets almost three times its GDP, Panama has built the biggest Regional Financial Center in Central America. With financial intermediation accounting for 9.3% of GDP, the banking industry, employing over 24,000 people, makes a major economic contribution. Good commercial and economic environment, consistent growth, and strong financial performance define the stability of the sector. Panama’s banks supervising system guarantees strong control since it mainly follows the Basel Core Principles for Effective banks Supervision.
But Panama’s standing as a tax haven has attracted attention from all around. The publication of the Panama Papers in 2016 underlined the necessity of more openness. Panama has made great strides in following anti-money laundering guidelines since then, which resulted in its removal off the FATF gray list in February 2016 and the tax haven blacklist created by the European Union in 2018. Notwithstanding these developments, the IMF keeps underlining the need of more enhancements in financial openness and fiscal framework.
Apart from its economy, Panama is expanding its natural resources since international investors are looking for gold and copper mines. These initiatives, housed in protected regions, have generated environmental questions. Nonetheless, propelled by its strategic location, strong service industry, and continuous infrastructural improvements, Panama’s economic situation stays bright.
For its citizens as well as the millions of tourists that pass through Panama annually, its established transportation system is absolutely essential. The main hub for Copa Airlines, Panama’s flag carrier, Tocumen International Airport—the biggest airport in Central America—is in the center of this network. Connecting Panama to many locations in the Americas and beyond, this airport acts as a vital gateway for foreign travel. Apart from Tocumen, Panama boasts more than twenty minor airports to provide domestic travel and access to isolated areas.
Though night driving can be difficult and occasionally limited in informal areas, Panama’s road system is generally safe and well-kept. Traffic flows on the right side of the road; drivers and passengers alike must wear seat belts. Major roadway the Pan-American Highway passes from the Costa Rican border in the north to the Darién Gap in the south, where it stops short of Colombia. Reflecting Panama’s strategic value as a transit nation, this roadway is an essential artery for trade and travel.
Particularly in Panama City, public transit is strong in metropolitan settings. Operating around 150 bus routes, the MiBus system offers comprehensive coverage over the city. Complementing this is the Panama Metro, which offers a quick and effective substitute for vehicle travel with two rapid transit lines right now. Panama was famed for its “diablo rojos,” or “red devils,” before the government-run bus system—privately run buses frequently former school buses from the United States, brilliantly painted by their owners. Even while they are now largely seen in rural regions, these vibrant buses remain a cultural emblem of Panama’s transportation past.
Government programs providing tax and price rebates to foreign visitors and retirees have fostered steady expansion in Panama’s tourism during the past five years. These financial advantages have made Panama a desirable place to retire, which has driven real estate development and expanded the list of tourism attractions.
Especially remarkable has been the flood of European visitors. The count of European visitors increased by 23.1% over the first nine months of 2008. The Tourism Authority of Panama (ATP) reports that 13,373 more European visitors arrived Panama between January and September than in the same period last year. The biggest group was formed of Spaniards; Italians, French, British visitors came second. The largest populous nation in the European Union, Germany also made a notable visit count. Europe thus has become a major market for showcasing Panama as a travel destination.
With 9.5% of the GDP, tourism made a major economic contribution to Panama in 2012. With 2.2 million visitors that year, Panama demonstrated the value of the industry to the national GDP.
Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980, the Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama are among Panama’s most noteworthy sights. Portobelo-San Lorenzo These ancient sites provide a window into the colonial past of Panama and its strategic relevance in world trade.
Panama passed Law No. 80 in 2012, substituting the new Law for the previous Law 8 of 1994, therefore increasing tourism. Law No. 80 offers foreign investment in tourism significant incentives including a 100% income tax and real estate tax exemption for 15 years, duty-free imports for building materials and equipment for five years, and a capital gains tax exemption for five years. These steps seek to draw more money and improve Panama’s appeal as a top travel destination.
Panama’s population as of 2021 was 4,351,267.According to the 2010 age distribution, 6.6% of the population was 65 years or older, 64.5% between 15 and 65, and 29% under 15.With more than 75% of its inhabitants residing in urban areas, Panama is the most urbanized nation in Central America; more than half of the population lives in the Panama City–Colón metropolitan corridor.
Panama’s ethnic mix in 2010 was 65% Mestizo (mixed white and Native American), 12.3% Native American, 9.2% Black or African origin, 6.8% Mulatto, and 6.7% White.There are seven ethnic groups among the Amerindian population: Bri Bri, Emberá, Buglé, Wounaan, Ngäbe, Kuna (Guna), and Teribe, or Tjerdi.
Mostly living in the Panama-Colón metropolitan region, Darién Province, La Palma, and Bocas del Toro, Afro-Panamanians, descendants of African slaves and Caribbean workers brought during the building of the Panama Canal, reside Mostly brought to labor on the canal, Panama also boasts sizable Chinese and Indian populations. Further adding to Panama’s complex cultural tapestry are lesser numbers of Europeans, Arabs, and Jews.
About 93% of the population speaks Spanish as their first language, so it is the official and most often used language. Unique qualities of Panamanian Spanish are shaped by the rich cultural legacy of the nation.About 14% of Panamanians are bilingual, hence English is also rather common, especially in commercial and international settings.Over 400,000 individuals speak indigenous languages such Ngäbere, Kuna, and Emberá, therefore safeguarding Panama’s linguistic variety.Additional languages spoken are Arabic, French, and several dialects of China.
The most often followed religion in Panama is Christianity.A 2015 government census indicates that 25%, or around 1,009,740 persons, identify as evangelical Protestant whereas 63.2% of the population, or roughly 2,649,150, identify as Roman Catholic1.
Including roughly 10% of the Guaymí population, the Baháʼí Faith community constitutes about 2% of the population overall.With 1.4% of the population accounted for by Jehovah’s Witnesses followed by the Adventist Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, each with 0.6%,Included among smaller religious groups are Buddhists, Jews, Episcopalians, Muslims, and Hindus.Additionally followed are indigenous faiths such Mamatata (among the Ngäbe) and Ibeorgun (among the Kuna).There are also very few Rastafarians.
From the 16th century, when Jesuits first offered it, education in Panama has changed dramatically. Once Panama broke away from Colombia, public education grew to be a national institution in 1903.Early education was shaped by a paternalistic perspective that said children should get instruction depending on their projected social level. Under American influence, this strategy underwent quick transformation.
With 94.1% literacy anticipated for Panama by 2010, 94.7% for men and 93.5% for women. Children six to fifteen years old must attend school. School enrollment at all levels has rise dramatically in recent years.Panama takes part in the PISA tests, however debt and poor scores caused delay in participation until 2018.
Panama’s culture is a colorful mosaic created from Native American, African, and European inspirations. The music, artwork, and customs the Spanish colonists brought mixed with the vivid cultures of African slaves and indigenous peoples to produce original hybrid forms. One such such is the traditional dance known as the tamborito, which blends African rhythms and ideas with Spanish music.
A fundamental means of expression for Panama’s varied cultural legacy is dance. Many celebrations feature folklore whereby rituals and traditional dances are passed down through generations. Reflecting Panama’s diverse musical scene, live events of reggae en español, reggaeton, haitiano (compas), jazz, blues, salsa, reggae, and rock music abound in towns all over the nation. Celebrating the cultural variety of the nation, regional celebrations outside of Panama City also feature local musicians and dancers.
From its traditional crafts—woodcarvings, ceremonial masks, and pottery—Panamanian mixed culture is clear. These objects accentuate Panama’s rich cultural legacy together with its unique architecture, food, and celebrations. Traditionally, baskets were made for use, but today many communities depend on the revenue generated by baskets created for visitors.
Renowned for their own culture, the Guna people are recognized for their molas. Originally referring to a blouse, the name “mola” today describes the exquisite embroidered panels created by Guna women. Made with a reverse appliqué technique, these panels have numerous layers of cloth in different colors stitched together to create complex patterns.
Held in Panama City on December 25, the Christmas procession—El desfile de Navidad—is among the most watched events in Panama. Men in montuno garb and ladies in traditional pollera gowns make up the procession, which comprises floats adorned in Panamanian colors. The audience is entertained by a marching band with drummers; the main focus for carol singing is a huge Christmas tree covered in lights.
Using African, Spanish, and Native American foods and techniques, Panama’s cuisine captures its cosmopolitan past. Panama, acting as a land bridge between two continents, offers a great range of tropical fruits, vegetables, and herbs used in native cuisine. Popular seafood meal ceviche is available at the well-known Mercado de Mariscos together with fresh fish. Typical Latin American pastry packed with many ingredients, empanadas are sold by street sellers alongside pastelitos, which are similar but bigger.
Men’s Traditional Clothing: Montuno
Traditionally, white cotton shirts, pants, and woven straw caps define Panamanian men’s wardrobe—known as montuno. Often worn during parades and traditional celebrations, this basic but sophisticated attire captures the cultural legacy of the nation.
Women’s Traditional Clothing: Pollera
Originating from Spain in the 16th century, the pollera is the traditional garment worn by Panamanian ladies. Early in the 1800s, it became customary in Panama, first worn by female servants then embraced by upper-class ladies. Usually needing around 13 yards of material, a pollera is composed of “cambric,” or fine linen.
The original pollera had a skirt covered in gold buttons and a ruffled blouse worn off the shoulders. The skirt is also ruffled to create, when raised, a peacock tail or mantilla fan impression. Usually, the skirt’s and blouse’s motifs show birds or flowers. Two big matching pom poms (mota) on the front and back, four ribbons hanging from the waist, five gold chains (caberstrillos) from the neck to the waist, and a gold cross or medallion worn as a choker accessorize the ensemble. One wears a silk purse at the waistline; normally, zaricillos—earrings—are gold or coral. Slippers complement the color of the pollera, and hair is bun-style secured by three big gold combs with pearls (tembleques), worn like a crown. A excellent pollera may take one year to finish and run up up to $10,000.
Types of Polleras
Today, there are different types of polleras:
Cultural Significance
Parades featuring traditional Panamanian attire frequently feature women softly swaying and twirling their skirts as males dance behind them holding their hats. These striking exhibits of cultural legacy draw attention to the grace and beauty of Panamanian traditional clothing.
Provided their passport is valid for at least six months upon arrival, citizens from several countries can enter Panama visa-free for up to 180 days. These nations comprise:
Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Belarus, Belgium, Botswana, Bhutan, Brazil, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Czech Republic, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Egypt, Fiji, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Georgia, Gibraltar, Grenada, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, The Vatican, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, and Vietnam.
Those from visa-free nations can seek for a 30, 60, or 90 day extension. Applications are checked case-by-case and advised to be applied at least one week before the original 180 days run out. Travelers can alternatively depart Panama for thirty days (e.g., to Costa Rica) then re-enter to get another 180 days.
For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it’s advisable to check with the nearest Panamanian embassy or consulate.
Tocumen International Airport (PTY)
About 32km (20 miles) east of Panama City, Tocumen International Airport (PTY) is the major gateway for foreign flights to Panama. Thanks to Copa Airlines, national flag carrier of Panama and a Star Alliance member, it is well-connected with the Americas. Copa Airlines flies nonstop from about 20 western hemisphere nations.Other big carriers including American Airlines, LATAM, and Avianca also fly to and from PTY.
With daily flights to more than seven destinations, including Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and Cartagena, run by Avianca and Copa Airlines, neighbor Colombia is especially well-served. Travelers can also fly from Costa Rica into and from Bocas del Toro.
Private Airstrips
Panama has the highest density of private airstrips per square mile compared to any other country globally. This enables adventurous private pilots to fly directly or transit through Central America to access these airstrips. Accessing many remote interior regions is most effectively achieved through private plane, though hiking and canoeing present alternative methods. Verifying the locations for customs and immigration clearance is essential, as not all airstrips possess the necessary facilities for this function.
Business Jet Services
Fixed-Base Operator (FBO) services for business jets are offered at multiple locations, including Panama City (Albrook and Tocumen), David (by appointment), Howard, and Bocas del Toro. These services address the requirements of both private and business travelers, facilitating a seamless and effective travel experience.
Paso Canoas Border Crossing
The Paso Canoas border crossing, located on the Pacific side, ranks among the busiest and most disorganized in Central America.The closing time is 11 PM on the Panama side and 10 PM on the Costa Rica side. The distribution of offices across the border town facilitates unintentional crossings into the adjacent territory.Engaging a “tramitador” (helper) is advisable, particularly for those who do not speak Spanish, to facilitate navigation through the stations.
Other Road Crossings
No Road Connection to Colombia
There are no roads connecting Panama and Colombia due to the Darien Gap, which has little infrastructure and is dominated by paramilitaries and drug cartels.
Vehicle Regulations
Exiting Panama with a vehicle requires a passport stamp that verifies the payment of the necessary importation taxes.Anticipate regular police stops, as officers typically exhibit greater curiosity regarding foreign vehicles than a desire for bribery.
Car Troubles and Repairs
In the event of automotive issues in Panama, one can locate dealerships equipped with service departments for all major car manufacturers from the United States, Japan, and nearly all from Europe.Appointments for service are typically required, and personnel are generally certified by the manufacturer.Independent mechanic service shops in major cities can be located in the yellow pages, along with towing services, for emergency repairs or cost-saving purposes.Numerous auto parts stores exist for all major car manufacturers.
The Darien Gap, characterized by its dense rainforest, represents the terminus for individuals seeking to traverse from Panama to Colombia via bus. The Interamericana Highway terminates at Yaviza, rendering land passage across this natural barrier unfeasible. Entering Panama from Costa Rica presents a more straightforward journey. Three primary entry points exist, with Paso Canoas being the most significant. The border crossing ceases operations at 11 PM Panama time, which corresponds to 10 PM Costa Rica time. Companies such as Panaline and Ticabus provide direct transportation routes from San Jose, Costa Rica, to David or Panama City. The journey from San Jose is economical, yet it requires around 18 hours. Local buses offer an alternative mode of transportation for those who wish to explore, though the journey may be longer.
Travelers seeking to optimize time while avoiding the cost of a $280 flight from San Jose to Panama City may consider taking a bus from San Jose to Changuinola, followed by a flight to Panama City. The duration of this flight is approximately one hour, with a cost of around $110. It is recommended to verify the current flight schedules of Aeroperlas.
Panamanian law mandates that travelers possess a return ticket for entry into the country. While border guards may not always check, it’s best to be prepared. A return flight originating from outside Panama is insufficient; the ticket must be issued from within Panama. In the event of issues, a return ticket may be acquired from the bus driver. Furthermore, it is prudent to approach border crossings with patience, as certain officials may enforce regulations stringently.
Numerous cruise lines incorporate the Panama Canal into their itineraries, providing tours in Panama City or Colón City with a range of available packages. For those seeking adventure, passage on banana boats from Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela is feasible; however, these vessels frequently exhibit poor condition and may engage in illicit activities.
Private sailboats operate between Panama and Cartagena, Colombia. The cost of fares varies between $450 and $700, with the journey generally lasting five nights and five days, which includes a three-day stopover in the San Blas Islands. It is advisable to book reputable and safe boats online in advance, as they often reach full capacity rapidly.
The most cost-effective method to travel by boat from Colombia to Panama is to take a ferry from Turbo to Capurganá, and then a small boat from Capurganá to Puerto Obaldía. Travelers may either fly to Panama City or take a boat to Colon and the Carti Islands from that location.
Hiking through the Darien Gap from Colombia is a viable option; however, it is considered one of the most hazardous routes globally. Numerous endeavors have concluded tragically owing to the threats presented by Colombian guerrillas, paramilitaries, and the challenging jungle environment. The Darien Gap is characterized by its dense and challenging terrain, rendering traversal a risky undertaking. This journey is not advisable, as the Panamanian police are unlikely to perform rescue operations in this region.
Highway buses and city buses, sometimes referred to as Metrobuses, have replaced the famous Diablos Rojos (Red Devils) in Panama. From Panama City terminals, highway buses regularly head to several points along the Pan American Highway and back. These very frequent buses will pick you up or drop you off wherever along their path. Most are air-conditioned, thereby offering a comfortable travel. Panama’s linear form makes it perfect for a bus system, therefore removing most places’ requirement for automobile rentals. Although you can board a bus anywhere on the Pan American Highway on route to Panama City, journeys starting within the city call for a ticket. Large modern Grand Terminal in Panama City doubles as Albrook Mall, a shopping center.
With tickets of $1 per hour travelled, highway buses are quite reasonably priced. But given their strategic location, Tocumen Airport’s charges for buses and taxis are much higher. Stand on the side of the road, raise your arm, and clearly gesture groundward to catch a bus. Just yell “para!” or tell the driver ahead of time to disembark. Generally speaking, the residents are quite friendly to bus passengers.
Asking residents helps one to find the fare ahead of time and to have the exact change handy. If you ask directly, bus drivers may round up the fare; so, it is advisable to be ready.
Originally opened in 2014, the Metro de Panama has grown to be the main form of mobility available to residents. Payable with a Metro card available at busy stations like 5 de Mayo and Albrook for $2, a single ride costs $0.35. This card good for Metrobuses as well as Metro.
Monday to Friday from 5 AM to 11 PM, Saturday from 5 AM to 10 PM, and Sunday from 7 AM to 10 PM the Metro runs. The system consists in two lines: Starting at the Albrook Bus Terminal, line 1 links you to the city center by stops at Via Argentina and Iglesia del Carmen. At the San Miguelito station, Line 1 ties to Line 2. Though it does not stop at Tocumen Airport, Line 2 passes through most of Via Jose Domingo Diaz, sometimes known as Via Tocumen.
While riding the metro, especially during busy times, it is advisable to adhere to overall safety rules.
For individuals who would want a more direct form of mobility or for locations remote from bus lines, taxis are a handy choice. Negotiated taxi charges change based on the location. While journeys across town run roughly $5, most short rides cost approximately $2.50. Panamanian taxis can drive you far into the countryside unlike metropolitan cabs found elsewhere.
At least $30 for a cab from Tocumen Airport to Panama City will readily surpass your taxi prices for the rest of your vacation. Riding a taxi with other people helps to down the cost to about $12 per person. Though bus rates from the airport are higher than usual, using a bus to the Gran Terminal can save money.
Driving across Panama provides a special chance to find sites difficult or impossible to reach using public transit. If you are a strong defensive driver, renting a car and driving about Panama is reasonable as the road system there is in decent condition by Central and South American criteria. Driving allows you to see hidden treasures and savor the flexibility of autonomous travel.
Still, negotiating Panama City offers major difficulties. The city lacks traffic lights at important junctions, has few street signs, bad street design, and heavy congestion during rush hour. Drivers have to be highly vigilant to the irregular and illogical behavior of other drivers while nevertheless being aggressive in where they position their cars. Many times ignored are traffic rules; drivers from North America or Western Europe may find the recklessness they come across shocking. Driving outside of cities usually relieves tension.
There are many paved highways branching from the Pan American Highway to places all over the nation. Of these, most of them are sedan-navable. Road engineering rules are poor, hence be careful with off-camber curves, deep potholes, and sudden turns without warning. You really have to be informed about your path. Plan your trip using thorough knowledge from sources like Cochera Andina; always have a reliable route map.
You must have a driver’s license from your home country to drive in Panama, but possessing an international driver’s license will help you stay out of problems at police checks. Road signs abound and traffic laws are like those of Europe or the United States. Within cities, speed limits are 40 km/h; outside of cities, they are 80 km/h; on highways, they are 100 km/h. Many times operating around-the-clock, gas stations abound in unleaded, super, and diesel fuels.
You need a Panapass sticker for driving on the toll roads, Corredor Sur and Corredor Norte. Not having one will cost money.
Local airlines fly out from several Panama airports. From Albrook Marcos Gelabert Airport (PAC), AirPanama, Arrendamientos Aéreos, and Blue Skies Panama fly to several points around the nation. While Arrendamientos Aéreos and Blue Skies Panama offer charter services, Air Panama provides routinely scheduled flights.
It’s recommended to check the tail number of an airplane you charter in Panama. After their numerical tail number (e.g., HP-0000TD), registered aircraft approved for public charter will have letters indicating that the aircraft is insured for charter work and subject to extra inspections and higher maintenance requirements.
From Panama City to Colón or vice versa, the Panama Canal Railway presents a picturesque travel. Predating the transcontinental railroad in the United States by a decade and a half, the first train accomplished this journey in 1855, therefore establishing the first interoceanic railway in the Americas. Although the main use of the railroad is freight, a passenger train runs once every day in every direction. Promoted as a luxury train, the price one way is $25.
The primary appeal of Panama lies in its diversity. Within a span of fewer than five days, one can explore a beach, a mountain, a contemporary city, and ancient ruins. In Panama City, four essential activities include visiting the Panama Canal, exploring Panama Viejo, touring Casco Antiguo (or Casco Viejo), and experiencing the jungles adjacent to the Canal area.
Panama Viejo, the inaugural city of Panama, was established by the Spanish in 1519. The first city established on the Pacific coast rapidly evolved into a prosperous center for the transportation of gold from the southern colonies to the Caribbean and subsequently to Europe. The city experienced multiple pirate assaults, culminating in the most destructive attack by Pirate Henry Morgan in 1671, resulting in its devastation. In 1673, a new city was established across the bay, situated in a more defensible location with improved health conditions. The area currently referred to as Casco Antiguo is recognized as the birthplace of the Republic of Panama.
Casco Antiguo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, ranks as the second most frequented tourist destination in Panama City. The architecture exemplifies the diversity of Panamanian society, featuring styles that include Caribbean, French, and Art Deco influences. Although originally a Spanish colonial city, it transformed into a dynamic region as a result of multiple fires and the impact of international merchants. Currently, Casco Antiguo is experiencing revitalization, characterized by the emergence of boutique hotels, high-quality bars, and restaurants. It has emerged as the artistic hub of Panama City, featuring events such as the Panama Jazz Festival, the Music Festival, and the Sobresaltos Dance Festival.
Located merely 15 minutes from contemporary Panama City, one can traverse primary and secondary tropical rainforests in Parque Soberania, Parque Chagres, and Parque Metropolitano. Activities encompass birdwatching along Pipeline Road in Gamboa, fishing in Gatun Lake, and investigating the caves at Madden. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute provides educational tours to Barro Colorado Island, a highly researched tropical rainforest.
A visit to the Panama Canal is essential for any traveler. This engineering marvel can be experienced in various ways, contingent upon one’s level of interest. Two museums are dedicated to the canal: the Canal Museum in Casco Antiguo, which emphasizes Panama’s historical role as a crossroads of cultures and continents, and the museum at the Miraflores Locks, which concentrates on the technical features of the canal. The transits can be observed from the balcony of the restaurant located at the top.
One alternative method to engage with the canal is by traversing it. A partial crossing requires approximately four hours, while a complete crossing takes about eight hours. In both instances, engaging a knowledgeable guide is advisable to deepen your comprehension of the canal’s historical context.
Traveling the length of the Panama Canal by train offers a unique perspective on this engineering marvel. The Panama Railroad, initially constructed in 1855 and reconstructed in 1909 during the canal’s development, established a crucial connection between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The train journey lasts one day and provides a scenic passage through the tropical jungle.
There are plenty of walking paths across Panama’s several national parks. Most routes are easily accessible and practicable without the need of a guide. Since certain rainforests are thick, it is advisable to follow the approved paths even without a guide. Engaging a guide will help you maximize your chances of coming across birds, mammals, or the mysterious quetzal in Boquete. In the Darien area, undirect travel could be dangerous. One of the most well-liked adventure locations in Panama is home to many respectable tour firms offering guided trips all throughout the nation.
Arranged inside the Boquete National Park, the Quetzal Trail is maybe the most well-known hiking path available in Panama. Visitors from all throughout the world come to see the Resplendent Quetzal. Though the terrain is easy for hiking, spotting a Quetzal might be challenging without the help of a guide.
An amazing sensation is zip-lining over the canopy. Thrilling experiences of the rainforest from above are offered via zip-line canopy excursions in Panama City, Cocle, Bocas del Toro, and Boquete.
Horseback riding is a mainstay of Panama’s way of life. It is not unusual for horses to be grazing close to your hotel. Riding in Panama is customarily Western horses and accessories. Private owned horses could range in breed from Quarter Horses and a mix of Colombian or Peruvian Paso, which generates a bigger horse with the fluid gait of the Paso. Excellent venues for equestrian riding are the beaches of Bocas del Toro near Dolphin Bay and the mountains of Boquete.
Aquatic sports have great chances along the Atlantic (Bocas del Toro) and Pacific (Gulf of Chiriqui) shores. Reef fish and Caribbean coral find home in the Atlantic. The Pacific is the place for the most unusual pelagic species and outstanding whale viewing worldwide.
One of the most perfect places in Central America, sport fishermen consider the Gulf of Chiriqui Once Panama was declared as the best place on Earth for Black Marlin to be caught in Saltwater Sportsman Magazine. Famous globally for their great angling, Piñas Bay and the Zane Gray Reef lie on the Pacific side close to the Colombian border. Tropic Star Lodge also is on Piñas Bay.
Boquete, Panama is linked with some of the best coffee available worldwide. This area has always produced coffee somewhat consistently. Visiting coffee plantations provides guests with tastings and a chance to learn about the coffee-making techniques. Ruiz is a single estate visit destination; alternatively, choose a tour of several properties with Boquete Safari Tours.
Given Panama’s narrowest point, which is just 80 km (50 miles), there are plenty of chances for watercraft as they touch both oceans. From David, a quick ride will get you to the port of Pedregal and onto the Gulf of Chiriqui. Watercraft choices in Panama City include the Balboa Yacht Club, Flamenco Resort and Marina, Diablo Spinning Club, Club de Yates y Pesca, and Miramar Marina. On the Atlantic side, marinas also abound around Colón and on the lakes of the Panama Canal.
On the Chagres River, one to two hours from Panama City; the Rio Chiriqui Viejo in the Chiriqui Province; and the Rio Grande in the Cocle Province; world-class whitewater rafting is offered. Usually sufficient for year-round paddle-ability, the water levels vary from May at the end of the dry season to November at the end of the wet season. Panama offers Class I through Class V rapids; Panamanian Class IIIs are monsoon season equivalent to U.S. Class IVs.
For river and ocean kayaking, the Chiriqui Province of Panama offers outstanding possibilities. The rivers’ suitable for rafting and kayaking makes Boquete home for many outfitters. Comprising many islands, the Gulf of Chiriqui boasts calm waves perfect for kayaking. Its pristine, powdery beaches abound with life.
The great heights of Boquete in the Chiriqui Province are well known for their rock climbing. Born during the most recent volcanic eruption, Cesar Melendez has created more than thirty routes on the Basaltic Rock. Climbers of any ability, from beginners to specialists, will find these paths appropriate. Melendez is also a trailblazer in “bouldering,” a leisure sport in which participants ascend rocks while hung over a river, greatly intensifying the thrill of the event.
With a more than 900 kinds of birds—many of which are unique to Panama—this birdwatcher’s paradise is Helping members in the identification and location of a range of species, the Panama Audubon Society is an outstanding source of information regarding the bird population by region.
Although the volcano has been dormant for more than 600 years, thermal springs still flow from its surrounds. Active springs abound in several areas of the Chiriqui Province. About thirty minutes from the town, Volcan, on the northern side of Volcan Baru, is home several springs. This is the outcome of the mineral content even if the scent of this is low sulfur. The Boquete area boasts many hot springs for choose from. While access calls for a 4-wheel drive car, a local landowner in Caldera is turning a bubbling spring—which smells nothing like sulfur—into a spa-like experience.
Though most people refer to it as the balboa, Panama’s official currency has been the US dollar since 1904. One balboa equals 100 centesimos. Made by the United States Mint and the Royal Canadian Mint, Panama also has its own coins with Panamanian designs but same weight, size, and composition as US coins. US coins in Panama are exactly replaceable with these coins. Along with iconic US coins like Lincoln on the penny and Roosevelt on the dime, you might find change with a conquistador on the quarter or an indigenous figure on the penny. Though you are still in Panama, not Mexico, Panama likewise mints half-dollar coins sometimes known as pesos.
Corresponding US coins, panamanian coins include 1 and 5 centesimos, 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 balboa. Concerns about counterfeiting cause many companies to reject $50 or $100 bills. Those that do could need your passport and notice the note serial numbers.
Interestingly, if you run low on change, Panamanian coins can be used at US vending machines, payphones, and parking meters.
Hotels all around the capital as well as medium-sized regional towns such David, Las Tablas, Colón, Santiago, and Bocas del Toro accept credit cards. Major cities’ department stores, supermarkets, and restaurants also usually take credit and debit cards. Using your card outside the capital can prove difficult, though.
Operating on the Cirrus/Plus system, panamanian ATMs may not accept cards bearing the Interlink symbol. It’s good to know how to accept cash advances on your credit card and carry enough of cash, especially little amounts. Traveler’s checks are not widely used. Using ATMs with a Visa credit card usually results in a $5.25 withdrawal fee; however, withdrawing more helps to reduce the costs.
Bank operating hours exhibit significant variability. During weekdays, all banks operate until a minimum of 3 PM, with certain institutions extending their hours until 7 PM. Numerous banks operate until noon on Saturdays, and branches located in shopping centers may additionally open on Sundays. Most banks prohibit entry for individuals wearing shorts or flip-flops.
Panama hosts the Colón Free Zone, the largest in the Americas. The nation features substantial American-style shopping centers, including Multicentro, Albrook Mall, Multiplaza Pacific, and Metromall. Price disparities exist among shopping centers; Albrook offers affordability, whereas Multiplaza is characterized by high-end designer boutiques. Panama is a favorable location for the purchase of consumer electronics, clothing, and cosmetics.
Traditional Panamanian crafts are primarily located in artesania markets, including the YMCA in Balboa and the market in Panama Viejo. REPROSA offers the highest quality handicrafts in Panama City. The mola, an intricate form of reverse-applique handwork, is the most renowned craft of Panama, created by the Kuna people. Molas are available for purchase from vendors located on the seawall in Casco Viejo. Additional significant crafts comprise carved tagua nuts, cocobolo wood animal carvings, and woven palm-fiber baskets. An artisanal market in El Valle focuses on soapstone carvings and various crafts from central Panama.
Major cities in Panama have a wide range of gastronomic choices, including fresh sushi and French high cuisine. The gastronomic scene meets all tastes with Arabic, Italian, Chinese, Indian, and Mexican restaurants. This variety reflects Panama’s great cultural complexity and openness to outside influences.
In rural areas, the cuisine is mostly Panamanian, marked by a plenty of seafood and beef, owing of the large cattle ranches and excellent fishing resources in the region. Panamanian cuisine is a mix of Spanish, French, and Afro-Caribbean elements that produces unique meals. Unlike other Central American countries where beans are staple, Panama’s cooking stresses plantains, usually coupled with coconut rice and indigenous veggies like squash. Culantro, a natural herb like cilantro but with a far more strong taste, is the main component in Panamanian cooking.
A basic dinner at a small, family-run restaurant is anywhere from $1.25 to $5.00. Usually accompanied with rice, beans, and a variety of salads, these dishes feature meats ranging from mondongo (beef stomach), fried or baked chicken, pork, beef, or fried fish. Often a side dish is fried green plantains, or patacones. Fresh drinks made from fruit, water, and sugar—chichas—are consumed by Panamanians. Among the common tastes are agua de pipa (juice from young green coconuts), mango, papaya, jugo de caña (sugar cane juice), and maracuya—passion fruit. Though Panama offers hot sauces, its cuisine is usually not too spicily.
Good cuisine is reasonably priced if one knows where to find the suitable venues. Little restaurants called fondas offer quick and reasonably priced lunch choices close to industrial zones, sports venues, and academic buildings. With a whole meal consisting of rice and beans, a good amount of chicken, and a small salad costing roughly $2 to $2.50 excluding the cost of a Coke, fondas usually provide great value. Unlike traditional fast food options, dining at a fonda presents a more real and tasty experience. Regular visits to the same place help to integrate one with the surrounding community, so enabling the enjoyment of food and informal communication.
Those seeking a more upscale dining experience could discover that a five-star meal plus beverages could run between $8 and $30 depending on the restaurant. The gastronomic scene of Panama offers a wide spectrum of choices, ranging from reasonably priced local restaurants to elegant dining rooms, so ensuring a unique dining experience for every customer.
Panama has several national beers including Balboa, Atlas, Soberana, and Panamá. Though Atlas is the most bought home brand, Balboa is usually seen as the best. Many ladies show a taste for Soberana as well. While local town pubs charge about $0.50 and upmarket establishments may charge up to $2.50, beer prices vary greatly with pricing as low as $0.30 per 12-ounce can in supermarkets.
The main domestically made rums are Carta Vieja and Ron Abuelo. Often drunk with milk (seco with leche), raw white rum called seco is the national liquor.
A big part of Panamanian society is music. While reggaeton, which started in Panama, enjoys great popularity and is locally called Plena, salsa music is well-known throughout the Latin parts of the country. Reggae music with Spanish lyrics is rather common in Bocas del Toro. There are around a hundred radio stations in Panama, some running in English. One should definitely visit the summer music festival at Las Tablas.
Fiestas, which Panamanians participate in, are marked by dancing, talking, and drinking. The main event is Carnaval, which lasts Ash Wednesday and falls forty days before the Christian Holy Week. The most important celebration takes place in Las Tablas, Azuero Province, which is marked by parades, musical events, and a contest between two streets—each symbolizing different queens. Every day has a particular theme; the celebrations start on Friday and last until Wednesday till five in AM.
Particularly in the Calle Uruguay area, which is noted for its variety of restaurants and bars, Panama City boasts a lively nightlife. Among the noteworthy pre-party restaurants are La Posta, Peperoncini, Habibis, Tomate y Amor, Madame Chang, Burgues, and Lima Limon. For a chic nightlife after dinner, one may visit Prive, Pure, Loft, Guru, or People. Retro music and pool tables define a laid-back bar scene offered by Sahara and The Londoner.
Featuring venues such Jet Set Club, the Building, the Chill Out Zone, and X Space, Zona Viva, on the Amador Causeway, is a great place for bar hopping.
Casco Viejo offers a nightlife experience steep in cultural enrichment. The local art galleries plan monthly Art Block events, usually including different exhibits. The National Theater runs weekly ballets, operas, and concerts. Among the prominent local eateries are Relic, La Casona, Mojitos sans Mojitos, Platea, Havana Cafe, and Republica Havana. One may find the vibrant nightlife in this old area after dinner.
Generally speaking, Panama is a really safe nation—especially in rural areas where people are quite kind and helpful. Panama is an excellent place to start if you want to see Latin America but worry about security. Still, there are a few places where further care is required.
Drug traffickers and Colombian rebel groups make the border area between Panama and Colombia quite perilous. One should stay away from this region totally.
Considered unsafe is most of Colón’s city. If you have to visit this location, you should be rather careful.
Particularly El Chorrillo, Curundu, and El Marañón, some areas of Panama City are recognized for their sketchiness. These underdeveloped areas have higher crime rates.
Though it has a poor reputation currently, Casco Viejo, sometimes known as San Felipe, is fast gentrifying. For visitors, San Felipe is absolutely safe during the daylight. Generally safe at night are the main streets and plazas as well as the area of pubs and restaurants approaching the point. Visitors should be careful, nevertheless, as they travel north along Avenida Central toward El Chorrillo.
Panama is a well-known place for medical vacations as its first-rate medical treatment is so outstanding. The nation features several facilities offering first-rate treatment for visitors. Among the best hospitals in Panama City are those like:
Pharmacies like Farmacia Arrocha and Gran Morrison department stores are widespread and well-stocked.
Tap water is safe to drink in virtually all cities and towns, except in Bocas del Toro, where bottled water is recommended.
For medical emergencies, the 911 system is functioning mostly in and around Panama City. 911 stations are set up all throughout the nation, particularly in Las Tablas, David, Chitre, and Santiago, during big holidays or national celebrations.
Medical evacuation flights lack the organization found in the EU, Canada, and the US. Usually fast evacuation from the interior calls for chartering a small plane or helicopter, with credit card or cash payment billing. While helicopters are far more costly, a medical flight from David to Panama City on a small twin-engined plane is about $4,000. There is a new private membership air medical transport service where tourist memberships run $10 for 90 days of coverage. Usually run by air ambulance services from Miami, evacuation flights out of the nation range in cost depending on medical need between $18,000 and $30,000.
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