Cameroon

Cameroon’s compact expanse is a world of its own: towering Mount Cameroon, dense southern rainforests, northward savannas and the Atlantic coast all stand within its borders. This diverse “Africa in miniature” promises vibrant city markets (Douala, Yaoundé), cool highland villages (Bamenda, Bafoussam) and remote eco-wonders (Korup and Dja reserves). The Guide above covers everything a traveler needs for 2025—from practical visa, health and transportation tips to cultural insights, cuisine must-tries (ndolé, poulet DG) and festival highlights (Ngondo water festival, Bamoun ceremonies). Whether you’re trekking the volcanic peaks, spotting gorillas, relaxing on Kribi’s sandy shores, or savoring Cameroon’s spicy stews, our detailed coverage ensures a safe, enriching journey through this hidden gem.

Cameroon’s contours defy singular classification. Straddling the divide between West and Central Africa, this republic abuts Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and—further south—Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. Its shoreline, nestled on the Bight of Biafra, yields to the Gulf of Guinea and, ultimately, the greater Atlantic. Such a position has made Cameroon a crossroads of peoples, tongues and ecosystems, earning it the sobriquet “Africa in miniature.”

Nearly thirty‑one million souls inhabit Cameroon’s varied landscapes. They speak some 250 indigenous languages in addition to the official tongues—French in the former French mandate and English in the erstwhile British Cameroons; many are conversant in both. Among the original denizens were the Sao, whose earthworks once rimmed Lake Chad, and the Baka, skillful hunter‑gatherers of the southeastern rainforest. In the nineteenth century, Fulani warriors forged the Adamawa Emirate in the north while a constellation of chiefdoms and fondoms arose among western grasslands peoples.

Portuguese mariners in the fifteenth century christened the river mouth they found Rio dos Camarões—Shrimp River. That name, distorted through successive tongues, became Cameroon. Formal colonial rule commenced in 1884 with Germany’s establishment of Kamerun. After the First World War, mandates apportioned four‑fifths of the territory to France and one‑fifth to the United Kingdom. France administered its share until January 1, 1960, when the Republic of Cameroun emerged under Ahmadou Ahidjo. British Southern Cameroons joined that republic on October 1, 1961, creating the Federal Republic of Cameroon. A 1972 referendum dissolved the federation in favor of the United Republic of Cameroon, and in 1984 a presidential decree by Paul Biya restored the name Republic of Cameroon. Ahidjo’s resignation in 1982 precipitated Biya’s ascent; he remains in office, having governed as prime minister since 1975 and as president thereafter.

Cameroon operates as a unitary presidential republic. The 1996 constitution (with subsequent amendments) divides the country into ten semi‑autonomous regions, each led by an elected Regional Council and overseen by a governor appointed by the president. Governors possess sweeping authority—managing civil service, maintaining public order, and even commissioning propaganda or requisitioning security forces. Below the regions lie fifty‑eight divisions (départements), administered by préfets, then sub‑divisions (arrondissements) under sous‑préfets, and finally districts headed by chefs de district.

Tensions have simmered between Francophone and Anglophone regions. English‑speaking politicians have pressed for greater decentralization, in some cases outright secession. The founding of the Southern Cameroons National Council and, more recently, the 2017 insurrection aimed at establishing “Ambazonia” have led to violent clashes in the two Anglophone provinces.

Covering some 475,442 km², Cameroon stretches between latitudes 1° and 13° N and longitudes 8° and 17° E. Its geological diversity divides naturally into five major zones:

Extending fifteen to 150 km inland, this strip averages 90 m above sea level. Heat and humidity prevail, punctuated by a brief dry season. Dense evergreen forest persists in the Cross‑Sanaga‑Bioko coastal forests, among the world’s most rain‑soaked areas.

South Cameroon Plateau
Rising to roughly 650 m, this plateau hosts Atlantic Equatorial rainforest tempered by a more pronounced dry season.
Cameroon Range
An irregular chain of peaks, plateaus and hills runs from Mount Cameroon on the coast—at 4,095 m the nation’s apex—toward Lake Chad. Volcanic soils here are exceedingly fertile; crater lakes such as Nyos, whose 1986 carbon dioxide eruption claimed 1,700–2,000 lives, attest to the region’s geologic volatility. The World Wildlife Fund classifies these highlands as the Cameroonian Highlands forests ecoregion.
Adamawa Plateau and Southern Plateau
The southern plateau ascends northward into the Adamawa Plateau at about 1,100 m. Temperatures range from 22 °C to 25 °C, with April–October rains peaking in mid‑year. Savanna grasses and scrub define its landscape.
Northern Lowlands
From the Adamawa’s edge to Lake Chad, elevations fall to 300–350 m. Sparse rainfall and high heat yield semi‑arid savanna.

Four principal drainage patterns traverse Cameroon. The Ntem, Nyong, Sanaga and Wouri rivers empty southwestward into the Gulf of Guinea. The Dja and Kadéï feed the Congo basin. Northward, the Bénoué flows into the Niger, while the Logone drains into Lake Chad.

Nearly half of Cameroonian territory was forested in 2020—some 20.34 million hectares—down from 22.5 million in 1990. Fifteen per cent of that cover lay within protected areas, though all forests remained under state ownership. The nation supports Africa’s second‑highest biodiversity concentration, hosting myriad flora and fauna across its ecozones.

Douala, perched on the Wouri River, serves as the economic nucleus and principal seaport. Yaoundé, inland to the east, functions as the political capital. Garoua anchors the north, while Limbé offers a natural harbour on the southwestern coast. The deepwater Kribi port, operational since 2014, complements Douala’s facilities.

Three trans‑African highways intersect Cameroon: the Lagos–Mombasa, Tripoli–Cape Town and Dakar–N’Djamena routes. Yet only 6.6 per cent of roads are paved. Checkpoints have morphed into revenue points for police and gendarmes, while banditry afflicts border corridors—worsening since 2005 amid Central African Republic instability. Private intercity buses dominate overland travel, supplemented by Camrail rail services linking Kumba, Bélabo and Ngaoundéré. International airports in Douala and Yaoundé handle most air traffic; Maroua’s airport was under construction as of 2021. The seasonally navigable Bénoué provides inland waterway access to Nigeria.

Cameroon’s per‑capita GDP (purchasing‑power parity) stood at US $3,700 in 2017. Annual growth averages close to 4 per cent. Between 2004 and 2008, public debt shrank from over 60 per cent of GDP to 10 per cent, while official reserves quadrupled to more than US $3 billion. Key exports flow to the Netherlands, France, China, Belgium, Italy, Algeria and Malaysia. A member of the Bank of Central African States, UDEAC and OHADA, Cameroon employs the CFA franc. Unemployment was estimated at 3.38 per cent in 2019, yet 23.8 per cent of inhabitants subsisted below the US $1.90‑a‑day poverty line in 2014. Since the late 1980s, World Bank and IMF programmes have steered privatisation and growth, alongside state efforts to foster tourism.

Press freedoms have seen incremental improvement since the early 2000s, yet newspapers often self‑censor and broadcasters remain largely state‑run. Landlines and telegraphs fall under government control, whereas mobile telephony and Internet services—significantly expanded since the 2000s—are mostly unregulated. In the 2024 Global Innovation Index, Cameroon ranked 123rd.

By 2021, Cameroon housed 27,198,628 residents. Life expectancy hovered at 62.3 years—60.6 for males and 64.0 for females. The gender ratio slightly favours women at 50.5 per cent. A youthful populace prevails: over 60 per cent are under twenty‑five, while only 3.11 per cent exceed sixty‑five. Settlement patterns split nearly evenly between urban and rural, with densities peaking in Douala, Yaoundé, Garoua, the western highlands and northeastern plains. Vast tracts such as the Adamawa Plateau and South Cameroon Plateau remain sparsely inhabited.

Approximately 70 per cent of Cameroonians speak French, 30 per cent English. German, the language of the initial colonisers, has receded. In Anglophone regions, Cameroonian Pidgin English prevails, while urban youth increasingly adopt Camfranglais—a blend of French, English and Pidgin since the 1970s. Christianity claims roughly two‑thirds of adherents; Islam accounts for about one‑quarter; traditional faiths persist. Christians concentrate in southern and western provinces; Muslims predominate in the north, though both coexist in major cities.

Music and dance are woven into daily life. Ceremonial movements range from religious devotion to communal merriment, often segregating participants by age or gender. Accompaniment may be as elemental as clapping and foot‑stamping, yet regional instruments span bells, clappers, drums—including the talking drum—flutes, horns, rattles, scrapers, stringed zithers and xylophones. Orality governs transmission; a soloist’s refrain finds echo in a chorus.

Popular modern genres reflect regional origins: ambasse bey along the coast, assiko among the Bassa, mangambeu of the Bangangte and tsamassi of the Bamileke. Makossa, born in Douala from folk, highlife, soul and Congolese strains, achieved global reach in the 1970s–80s via figures such as Manu Dibango and Petit‑Pays. Bikutsi, once Ewondo war music, evolved into dance‑hall fare—championed internationally by Anne‑Marie Nzié and Les Têtes Brûlées.

Staple meals revolve around cocoyams, maize, cassava, millet, plantains, potatoes, rice or yams, pounded into a fufu‑like dough and accompanied by sauces of greens, groundnuts or palm oil. Meat and fish enrich the table on festive occasions, with chicken reserved for celebrations. Heat emerges from red pepper sauces or maggi seasoning. Cutlery coexists with the custom of eating with the right hand. Morning repasts repurpose bread and fruit alongside coffee or tea, or street‑vendor snacks such as puff‑puff, accra banana and bean cakes.

Attire varies with climate, belief and cultural interchange. Women drape pagnes—brightly patterned wrappers—while men may don ganduras or carry kwa handbags. Headgear ranges from the chechia cap of northern Muslims to region‑specific fabrics and motifs. Loincloths and wrappers persist across genders, their cut and adornment reflecting Fulani, Igbo or Yoruba influences. Imane Ayissi, Cameroon’s most internationally lauded designer, channels indigenous craft and haute couture to acclaim.

In its political complexities, ecological variety and cultural fecundity, Cameroon embodies multiplicity. Its history of empires, colonisation and federation has bequeathed a resilient nation navigating tensions and diversity alike. The republic’s future will depend upon its capacity to harmonize these many voices while stewarding the lands and traditions that make it truly Africa in miniature.

Central African CFA franc (XAF)

Currency

January 1, 1960 (Independence from France)

Founded

+237

Calling code

30,966,105

Population

475,442 km² (183,569 sq mi)

Area

French and English

Official language

lowest point: 0 m (Atlantic Ocean), highest point: 4,100 m (Mount Cameroon)

Elevation

WAT (UTC+1)

Time zone

Why Visit Cameroon?

Cameroon sits at the crossroads of West and Central Africa, earning its nickname “Africa in miniature.” In a compact country, a traveler encounters coastlines and rainforests, mountains and savannas, all blended with a rich cultural mosaic. The towering silhouette of Mount Cameroon (4,100 m) looms over volcanic farmland, while in the south dense rainforests host gorillas, chimpanzees and giant forest elephants. Lush river deltas meet long sandy beaches along the Atlantic. Throughout Cameroon, more than 250 local languages and vibrant traditions coexist: you can visit a colonial city market in Douala one day and a highland coffee village in Bamenda the next. This variety – in scenery, wildlife and peoples – sets Cameroon apart. Visitors are drawn by unique adventures: climbing an active volcano at sunrise, tracing remote wildlife trails in Korup National Park, attending a riverside water festival in Douala or watching fishermen in pirogues at Kribi’s lagoon. Less trodden than many African destinations, Cameroon offers genuine cultural immersion with friendly hospitality and new discoveries at every turn.

Quick Facts & Essential Information

Location: Central Africa, bordering Nigeria (west), Chad (northeast), CAR (east), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo (south), and the Gulf of Guinea (southwest). Latitude mostly 2°–12°N, longitude 8°–16°E.
Capital and cities: Yaoundé (capital), Douala (largest city and port on the Wouri River), Garoua (northern city), plus coastal Limbe and tourist town Kribi, and highland hubs Bamenda, Bafoussam, Buea.
Population & Languages: About 31 million people. Official languages are French and English (Cameroon is bilingual). In practice, many switch into Cameroonian Pidgin English in markets and towns, and dozens of native tongues (Fula, Ewondo, Bassa, etc.) are spoken by various ethnic groups. Learning a few French or basic local phrases (“bonjour”, “assi” for hello in Pidgin) goes a long way with locals.
Currency: Central African CFA franc (ISO code XAF). One Euro ≈ 655 XAF (fixed rate), one US dollar ≈ 600–650 XAF. CFA is pegged to the Euro. Available banknotes: 500–10,000 XAF. Coins are rarely seen. ATMs (dispensing 2,000–50,000 XAF) are found in major cities, but rural areas are cash-only. Exchange cash at banks or official bureaus (avoid hotel/airport bureaus with poor rates). Credit cards are accepted in big hotels or upscale shops in Douala and Yaoundé, but otherwise carry ample cash, especially for smaller towns. Money tip: Don’t plan to buy everything by card – carrying small-denomination notes (1,000–5,000 XAF) is wise for taxis, tips and markets.
Time zone: West Africa Time (UTC+1) year-round (no daylight-saving). Cameroon is one hour ahead of London (in winter) or two in summer.
Climate: Equatorial and tropical. The south and coast are humid and hot, with long rainy seasons; the highlands (Bamenda, Buea) are cooler. The north (Adamaoua, Far North) is semi-arid, with hot dry periods. Broadly, you can expect:
Wet season: March–October (heaviest rains in May–June and September–October). South sees daily downpours; roads may be muddy or washed out.
Dry season: November–February – sunnier weather, cooler nights, easier travel. This is generally the preferred travel period.
Seasonality matters regionally: The southwest (Limbe) pours heavily April–Oct. The central plateau (Yaoundé) has two rainy peaks (May/June, Sept/Oct) with fresher Dec–Feb weather. The far north has a short rainy season (June–Sept) and long dry season (Nov–May), with brutal heat around March.
Entry requirements: Most visitors need a visa obtained before arrival (only citizens of a few neighboring countries enter visa-free). Cameroon now offers an online e-Visa system (tourist/business transit visas); apply through the official portal or embassy at least 2–3 months ahead. Visitors must present a passport valid for ≥6 months with blank pages, a printed visa or e-visa approval, and Yellow Fever vaccination certificate on arrival. (Traveler’s note: Nigeria and Chad borders require special permits.) U.S. and EU nationals should secure their visa in advance; there is no ordinary visa on arrival except for some diplomatic cases. Always carry copies of your documents in case immigration checks arise.
Health requirements: Immunizations for yellow fever are strictly required for entry (CDC recommends all travelers ≥9 months old get it). Other recommended vaccines include hepatitis A & B, typhoid, and a polio booster if your last dose was long ago. Malaria is endemic everywhere below 1,800 m, so take prophylaxis (e.g. atovaquone-proguanil or doxycycline) before, during and after your trip. Use insect repellent and mosquito nets at night. Drink only bottled or boiled water (avoid ice or raw salads). Foodborne illness can occur, so eat at busy stalls or well-known restaurants. Consult a travel clinic 4–6 weeks before departure for personalized advice.
Voltage & outlets: 220–230V AC, 50 Hz. Plugs are European style (round pins, Type C and E). Bring a universal adapter.

Travel Tip: Make photocopies or digital scans of your passport, visa, and health documents. Carry them separately from the originals, and email a copy to yourself. This extra caution pays off in remote areas where passports can be lost or stolen.

Is Cameroon Safe for Tourists?

Safety in Cameroon varies greatly by region. Conflict areas: The North, Far North and the two English-speaking regions (Northwest and Southwest) have seen unrest—Boko Haram activity near the Nigerian and Chad borders, and separatist violence in the Anglophone zones. Government advisories often warn “do not travel” to those areas. For visitors, it is safest to avoid travel to the northernmost borderlands and the NW/SW provinces altogether until issues resolve. Stick to the Central and Southern zones (Yaoundé, Douala, coast, West Region, and parts of Adamawa/Centre) which are relatively stable. Always check your home country’s latest travel advisory before planning a trip.

In cities and tourist areas, crime is generally low-key but still present. Petty crime (pickpockets, bag-snatching, purse theft) can occur, especially at markets, bus stations and in crowded nightlife spots. Take usual precautions: keep valuables secured, carry minimal cash, and be wary of overly friendly strangers. Avoid flaunting jewelry or electronics. Street-side ATM fraud and unofficial money changers may try to shortchange tourists; use ATMs attached to banks and check bills carefully.

A few other common scams and hazards: Taxi drivers often quote inflated fares to foreigners—always agree on a price before the ride (better yet, use metered taxis or rideshare apps where available). Beware of “fake police” who might ask for bribes to inspect your documents; carry your registration papers and question any unscheduled stops. In bustling markets, someone might spill something on you to distract you while an accomplice picks your pocket; stay alert. Women should also be cautious, especially at night, as sexual harassment can happen, and locals disapprove of unaccompanied women walking alone after dark.

Health and travel issues rank equally high: Cameroonian hospitals are very basic outside major cities. Pharmacies sell limited supplies, and serious injuries require evacuation. We strongly advise purchasing comprehensive travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage. The CDC suggests malaria prophylaxis and up-to-date routine vaccines (MMR, polio, tetanus). Carry a well-stocked first-aid kit, insect repellent (DEET), and any prescription medications in their original containers.

Safety Tip: Travel only during daylight on main roads, and avoid hitchhiking or remote overnight stays. If using domestic flights or shared taxis between cities, book reputable companies (e.g. Camair-Co for flights). Trustworthy tour operators can arrange guided wildlife safaris and jungle treks safely. And remember: polite greetings (see etiquette below) can go a long way in navigating local interactions.

Best Time to Visit Cameroon

Weather by season: Generally, the dry season (November–February) offers the most pleasant weather nationwide: skies are clearer, humidity lower, and parks are more accessible. This period is ideal for hiking Mount Cameroon, wildlife safaris in parks (fewer mosquitoes), and beach visits. The short “rainy season” in March–April brings lush landscapes, but afternoon showers begin to fall in the south. The long rainy season (June–September) can make some roads impassable and flights unreliable; travel becomes more challenging except in highland areas which still receive significant rain.

Regional notes:
– Along the coast and south (Limbe, Kribi, Campo), the rains are heavy from May through October with a brief respite in late July. Plan beach trips for dry months (Dec–Feb).
– On the central plateau (Yaoundé, Bafoussam), early afternoons may see thunderstorms in wet months, but mornings are often dry. December and January are lovely (warm days, cool nights).
– In the north (Garoua, Maroua), the rainy season is shorter (June–Sept); the rest of the year is hot and dry. Note that the Far North has become unstable, so northern parks (Waza, Benoue) are off-limits for now.

Festivals & Events: Timing your visit with local festivities can be rewarding. December is a festive time: the Ngondo Festival on the Wouri River (Douala) is a traditional Sawa (coastal tribes) celebration of water spirits, canoe races and rituals. The Christmas/New Year period sees many cultural shows and the long Ngariba holiday when people return to their home villages. January features the Mount Cameroon Race of Hope (a footrace to the summit) around the city of Buea – thrilling if you’re in the southwest. August often brings Foumban’s Nguon Festival (Bamum royal ceremonies) and other regional celebrations. Rainy months have fewer public events, but you’ll see town markets and Christian feast days year-round.

Travel Tip: If you aim to see gorillas, schedule travel in the dry season (Dec–Mar) when jungle trails are less muddy and creeks lower. For birdwatching, the beginning of the rainy season (April–May) attracts migrant species to wetlands.

Getting to Cameroon

Airports: Most travelers arrive by air. The two main international airports are Douala International Airport (DLA) and Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport (NSI). Douala is the busiest – it handles flights from Europe, Asia and other African capitals. Yaoundé’s airport (45 minutes south of the city) also receives some international routes and is closer to the highlands. Newer flights connect Cameroon with Istanbul, Addis Ababa, Paris, Dubai, and regional hubs like Nairobi.

In addition, regional airports serve internal flights: Garoua (North), Maroua (Far North), Bertoua (East), and Bamenda (NW) have smaller airports with domestic routes. If you plan to enter by land, major border crossings include Ekok (Nigeria–Southwest Region), Kenzou (CAR–Adamawa), and Kyé-Ossi (Equatorial Guinea–South). Note: road travel can be slow and police checks are frequent; carry passports and vaccination cards. At airports and official land checkpoints, show your visa approval and yellow fever certificate.

Visa Process: Apply early. The online Cameroon e-Visa portal (Cameroon-evisa.org) allows entry applications (tourist, business, transit). Fill in your details, upload photo and passport scan, and pay a fee (often $100–200, depending on nationality and duration). After submission, you’ll receive an email with e-visa approval; print it and present it at border control. You can also apply through a local Cameroonian embassy. Expect processing to take a few weeks, and confirm any supporting documents needed (invitation letters are sometimes requested for certain nationalities).

If you cross overland, some borders (Nigeria, for example) have an immigration post where you present documents. Remember: Nigeria, Chad, CAR and Republic of Congo nationals need no visa (CEMAC agreement), but others do. There is no visa-on-arrival for Western tourists (except diplomats), so plan ahead. Also check current COVID-related requirements (as of 2025, no testing needed, but rules can change).

Immigration Note: Upon entry, immigration will collect your passport and print an entry form. Keep that form safe; you must surrender it when you exit. Overstaying a visa is penalized, so watch your dates. Also, Cameroonian authorities may ask to see proof of Yellow Fever vaccination; any genuine certificate will do.

Getting Around Cameroon

Domestic Flights: The country’s size and road conditions make flying attractive between distant regions. The national carrier Camair-Co (based in Douala) and a few smaller airlines (if operating) connect key cities. For example, one can fly Douala–Garoua (north) in 1½ hours or Douala–Ebolowa (south) quickly. Tickets are moderate if booked in advance, but can jump sharply if last-minute. Baggage is often strictly 20–25 kg, so weigh carefully. Flights save days of travel on rough roads – for instance, Douala to Maroua by road is 16+ hours, but 2.5 hours by plane.

Road Transport: Buses and shared taxis are the backbone of land travel. National and private bus companies run routes between major cities. “Express” buses (cooler with air-con) cover Douala–Yaoundé, Douala–Bafoussam, Yaoundé–Bamenda, etc. Journeys are inexpensive (e.g. ~$10–20) but can take 8–12 hours with stops. Beyond the main highways, travel gets slower. In towns, “taxis” can mean small minivans or 4-seater private cars. Minibuses (often called ”car rapides”) leave only when full – be patient and prepared to squeeze in. Negotiate a flat fare for fixed routes. Tip: Always ask the price before boarding a taxi; drivers rarely meter.

Car Rental & Driving: Renting a car with a driver is the safest way for independent travel. Some agencies (Avis, Hertz, locally Budget) have desks in Douala and Yaoundé. Self-driving is possible, but beware: road signs are sparse, and highways outside big cities may have potholes or military checkpoints. Cameroonians drive on the right. Night driving is not recommended – streetlights are rare and unmarked obstacles (pedestrians, livestock, checkpoints) appear suddenly. If you do drive, keep windows up in cities and carry passport/registration at all times. Fuel stations exist on main routes.

Water and Rail: Inland waterways (Sanaga, Wouri rivers) are not used much for passenger travel, except some local pirogue taxi services in mangroves. The Camrail train operates northbound from Douala (on the coast) to Ngaoundéré (Adamawa). It’s a slow journey (about 18–20 hours) with bunk-bed cars; it can be an adventurous way to see the interior landscape, though it’s best suited to experienced travelers.

Transport Tip: Once in Cameroon, domestic flights or long-distance buses/booked taxis are the practical options. For example, Douala–Limbe (45 km) is a quick 1-hour shared taxi ride, whereas Douala–Ngaoundéré (800 km) can be an overnight train or a full-day bus. If you rent a car, ensure it has a reliable spare tire and phone.

Top Destinations & Cities

Cameroon’s regions each offer distinct highlights:

Yaoundé (The Capital): Nestled on seven hills in the Centre Region, Yaoundé is more relaxed than Douala. Key sights include the National Museum (former presidential palace) with tribal art and palanquins, and the Cathedral of St. Joseph. Climb to Mont Fébé for sweeping city views or visit the Mvog-Betsi Zoo (Botanical Gardens) to see lions, snakes and local flora. Stroll through the outdoor Mokolo Market to taste street food (grilled fish, soya skewers) and buy batik cloth. The city’s wide boulevards (Avenue Kennedy) are lined with cafes and colonial architecture. In the evening, Quartier Latin offers music clubs and art shows.
Douala (The Economic Hub): Cameroon’s largest city and main port, on the Wouri River delta. Douala hums with commerce: markets like Sandaga sell spices and crafts. For history, see the Reunification Monument (fountain plaza) and art spaces like Doual’art with modern exhibitions. Limbe Botanic Gardens & Wildlife Centre (south of town) rescues chimpanzees and gorillas – a short trip worth making. Douala also has bustling nightlife: Bastos neighborhood houses upscale hotels with bars, while local maquis (taverns) in downtown play live makossa music. The air here is humid; locals unwind at beachside resorts near Douala (Edea Beach) on weekends.
Limbe & Kribi (Beach Escapes): On the southwest Atlantic coast, these towns are Cameroon’s seaside gems. Limbe (formerly Victoria) has a black-sand beach beneath old German colonial bungalows, and a charming tropical garden perched on a cliff. Nearby, the Limbe Wildlife Centre houses orphaned primates amid lush rainforest (visit to learn about local conservation). Heading farther south, Kribi offers long, golden beaches with gentle waves. Boardwalks and seafood shacks line the waterfront. A must-see is the Lobé Falls – a freshwater waterfall that cascades directly into the ocean. Boat trips here also allow dolphin spotting offshore. Kribi is also famous for beach fishing villages (Tonka, Itende) where pirogues and nets paint a picture of coastal life.
Bamenda & Bafoussam (Highlands & Culture): In the Northwest and West Regions, the cooler highlands are home to the Bamileke peoples. Bamenda (host of the annual singer Manu Dibango festival) sits in rolling hills. Its Bamendjou Kingdom offers craft markets selling carved masks and woven baskets. Travelers often circle the scenic Ring Road around Bamenda, connecting highland villages, farmlands and cloud forests. Try a beer brewed with maize (dolo) in the pubs. Further west, Bafoussam is the capital of West Province; it’s known for meticulous mud-cloth weaving (Fomumbot).
Other Notable Towns & Villages: The former Bamum kingdom seat Foumban (Northwest) hosts a fascinating Royal Palace and Sultan’s museum with ancestral arts. North of Yaoundé, Foumbot has traditional pottery markets. Buea (Southwest) is a mountain town at Mt. Cameroon’s base; its colonial architecture reflects its German past. Dschang (West) has a coffee museum and green coffee fields. Don’t overlook Nkongsamba in the Littoral region, gateway to cacao plantations. And consider a side-trip to Lake Nyos (Northwest) – a scenic crater lake known for a tragic 1986 event (gas release); today, wooden walkways allow safe viewing of its placid waters and flamingos.

Top Attractions & Things to Do

Mount Cameroon (Fako): The soaring volcano near Buea is the highest peak in West Africa (4,100 m). Ambitious trekkers can climb to the crater rim in a 2-3 day hike through cloud forest, guided by local porters. The view from the top, on a clear day, spans the Atlantic to Nigeria. Every January, the Race of Hope sees thousands run or hike to the summit. For a shorter outing, explore the trails around Mount Cameroon National Park’s lower slopes – rainforests here shelter endangered Preuss’s monkeys and drills. Travel Tip: Mountain weather changes fast. Even in summer, bring warm layers and a flashlight for early-morning summits.

National Parks & Wildlife: Cameroon’s nine parks preserve its top wildlife. Korup National Park (SW): One of Africa’s oldest rainforests, brimming with rare birds, gorillas, chimpanzees and hundreds of butterfly species. Simple jungle lodges offer guided treks into dense forest. Waza National Park (Far North): A classic savanna reserve (elephants, buffalo, lions, cheetahs, many antelopes), ideal for 4×4 game drives. Note: Waza currently has security concerns; always check conditions. Dja Faunal Reserve (SE): A UNESCO World Heritage site – 5,000 km² of prime lowland forest teeming with gorillas, forest elephants and chameleons. Only permitted with an outfitted tour (there are no roads through it). Benoué National Park (North): UNESCO biosphere with river hippos, lions, giraffes and a flamingo-laden lake. Campo Ma’an and Lobéké (S): Coastal rainforests and swamps, home to pangolins, forest elephants and manatees.
Beaches, Waterfalls & Lakes: The Atlantic coastline offers warm seas and sandy shores. Kribi’s Côte d’Or beach is perfect for sunbathing and fresh seafood (barbecued tilapia and lobster). Lobé Falls (near Kribi) is a photogenic cascade into the sea – access by local canoe. In Limbe, the Red Sea-like underwater Limbe Marine Park lets snorkelers see reef fish and occasional whale sharks. Inland, the Ekom-Nkam Falls (Menoua Division) are a famous scenic spot (seen in Tarzan films). The crater lakes Nyos and Monoun in the northwest highlands (natural volcanic lakes) are eerily beautiful (and safe with proper guidance). Don’t miss the Municipal Lake in Yaoundé – a quiet spot for a stroll or paddleboat amidst papyrus reeds and city views.

Birdwatching & Nature Walks: With its diversity of habitats, Cameroon is a birding hotspot. Mangroves, lagoons and forests attract Congo Basin species. In Douala’s outskirts, the Lagoon of Nkomo is a haven for waterfowl. In the rainforests, keep an eye out for touraco trogons and hornbills. Even urban parks host local species like sunbirds and parakeets. Consider guided nature walks in the Mangrove Forests of Douala or tree-climbing tours in Korup. Seasonal migrations (waders and ducks) peak in the north from November to March.

Adventure Tip: For a unique experience, try night safaris in parks like Bouba Njida (northern Cameroon) to spot hippos at riverbanks or nocturnal genets and porcupines. Reliable local guides make wildlife adventures both safe and insightful.

Cameroonian Culture & Traditions

Cameroon’s society is as varied as its terrain.

Languages & Ethnic Groups: The dual colonial heritage means French and English are the official lingua francas, but in daily life many people switch to Cameroonian Pidgin English, a creole that locals simply call “Pidgin.” Over a hundred indigenous languages are spoken by ethnic groups such as the Beti-Pahuin (south), Bamiléké (west), Fulani/Fulbé (north), Bamileke, Mbororo, and Baka Pygmies (southeast). Each group has its own cultural ceremonies. Travelers often encounter the animated music and dance of makossa or bikutsi rhythms at informal festivals and local bars.
Religion: The majority of Cameroonians are Christian (including Catholic, Protestant and many Evangelical denominations), with Islam practiced mainly in the north. Traditional animist beliefs persist, especially in rural areas; many ceremonies revolve around ancestral worship and rites of passage. Respect for elders and lineage is strong. You’ll see churches dotting towns and mosques in Muslim-majority areas; Ramadan (Muslim fast) is observed in the north, while Christmas and Easter bring festive celebrations nationwide.
Greetings & Etiquette: Cameroonians are generally polite and formal in greeting. Always say “Bonjour” or “Hello” to people (even shopkeepers or office guards) before speaking. Shake hands on introduction – it’s customary to greet the most senior person first. In the Northwest and Southwest, men often extend a handshake with a soft two-handed grip; in the south and centers, a firm handshake is fine. Dress conservatively outside beach resorts: in villages or towns, women should cover shoulders and knees, men avoid shorts in mixed company. It’s courteous to remove shoes before entering someone’s home or a place of worship. Many Cameroonians value modesty, so public displays of affection are frowned upon.
Festivals & Celebrations: Tribal and local festivals are highlights. The December Ngondo Festival (Douala) honors water spirits with canoe races and ritual diving. The Nguon Festival (held roughly every two years in Foumban) celebrates the Bamoun kingdom’s heritage with royal court ceremonies. In August/September, various chiefdoms hold “Nya” or “Fet” dances in honor of ancestors. National holidays include Independence Day (Jan 1) and Youth Day (Feb 11), often marked by parades. At any market or village square, you might stumble upon a wedding or naming ceremony – drumming, dance troupes in colorful attire, and feasts are common at such events.
Dress & Tipping: Traditional attire varies: men may wear a boubou or dashiki; women often wear vibrantly patterned wrappers and blouses. In cities, western-style clothing is standard. Tipping isn’t obligatory but is practiced in tourism contexts: 5–10% at restaurants is appreciated if service is good. Porter fees (500–1,000 XAF per bag) and small tips to hotel staff (a few hundred XAF) are normal. For taxis, rounding up the fare is common courtesy. It’s best to tip in local currency.

Cultural Tip: When entering shops or homes, it’s polite to greet the attendant. If invited into a village or home, try a bit of the local brew or sweet palm wine offered, but don’t drink too much alcohol in public places (modesty and self-control are appreciated).

Cameroonian Cuisine & Food Guide

Cameroonian food is a flavorful mix of indigenous ingredients and cooking styles. Expect rich stews, tropical fruits, and lots of peanuts and plantains. Here are local specialties:

Ndolé: Often called Cameroon’s national dish. A hearty stew made from bitterleaf greens cooked with ground peanuts and spices, usually served with beef, shrimp or smoked fish. Try it with plantains or fermented cassava (miondo).
Poulet DG (“Chika DG”): Literally “Director-General’s Chicken,” a festive dish of fried chicken pieces smothered in a savory sauce with onions, peppers and tomato, served over sliced fried plantains. Said to honor high-ranking officials.
Koki Corn: Similar to Nigerian moi-moi, this is mashed black-eyed peas mixed with palm oil and spices, wrapped in banana leaves and steamed into a pudding. Savory and sticky, often eaten with boiled cassava or yams.
Achu (Yellow Soup): A dish from the Northwest, featuring yam pounded into a bright yellow sticky dough, served with a spicy palm nut soup (colored yellow from spices). Very filling!
Kondreh (Unripe Plantains): Green plantains stewed with smoked goat and spices; tangy and popular in western regions.
Eru and Waterfufu: A bitterleaf and waterleaf vegetable stew (eru) from the Southwest, eaten with fufu (boiled cassava or cocoyam dough). Rich with palm oil and often includes fish or cow feet.
Brochettes and Grilled Fish: Alongside main meals, street vendors sell soya (spiced beef or goat skewers) and poisson braisé (tilapia or barracuda grilled over coals, then cooled and wrapped in banana leaves). These are Cameroon’s take on barbecue.

Snacks & Sides: Sweet fried plantains (alloco), doughnut holes called puff-puff, and beans stews are ubiquitous. Stick to busy stalls: in Yaoundé the Mokolo Market and Central Market are prime spots to try these street foods safely. Hygiene standards vary; choose vendors who handle food with tongs and where meat is well-cooked.

Food Safety: Only drink sealed bottled water or well-boiled/filtered water. Peel fruits or stick to bananas and oranges. If you have a sensitive stomach, eat lightly spiced foods at first. Travel-friendly snacks include plantain chips or cassava grits from markets.

Beverages: Tropical juices (ginger, hibiscus-based bissap, mango) and Palm Wine (non-alcoholic to mildly alcoholic, sweet) are popular local drinks. Soft drinks and beer (37° or Castel brands) are widely available in cities.

Dining: In towns, you’ll find simple “maquis” (outdoor cafés with plastic chairs) serving full meals for as little as 1,500–2,500 XAF. Classier restaurants (often in hotels) charge 5,000–15,000 XAF for a Westernized meal or local gourmet dinner. Tip: try the hotel restaurants in major cities at least once – they serve reliable food with less risk of stomach upset.

Accommodation in Cameroon

Options range from basic guesthouses to international hotels:

Hotels & Guesthouses: Major cities like Douala and Yaoundé have mid-to-large hotels (e.g. Hilton, PAV). Room rates run roughly 30,000–60,000 XAF ($50–100) per night at four-star places. These usually have AC, secure parking and often free Wi-Fi. Budget hotels or local guesthouses can cost 10,000–25,000 XAF ($15–40), offering clean but simple rooms (expect irregular water or power outages). In smaller towns, lodging is spartan: a room might be a single bunk bed and fan for about 5,000–10,000 XAF ($10–20).
Eco-Lodges & Camps: In parks, look for eco-lodges or campsites. For example, Korup Lodge or Campo Ma’an camp provide basic chalets amid jungle (prices vary, often $50+). Camping gear may be rented locally or you can stay in park-run huts. Facilities are minimal; bring a flashlight and extra batteries. These stays connect you directly with nature (sunset chorus of insects and calls of nocturnal animals is memorable). Always inquire about safety provisions (some reserves require guides after dark).
Booking Tips: Rooms fill up quickly during high season (Dec–Feb) or festival periods. Book ahead via international booking sites or by contacting hotels. In rural areas without reliable internet, try to reserve through travel agents. Expect inconsistent power: many accommodations have backup generators, but plan to charge phones/cameras when you can.
Unique Stays: For a cultural experience, some tourists opt for homestays with families in villages (particularly among the Baka or Bamenda hills) arranged through tour operators. These give insight into everyday life, but standards are very basic (sleep on mats or simple beds).

Accommodation Tip: Double-check if “hot water” is promised. Many Cameroonian bathrooms have only cold-water taps. If a hot-water heater exists, test it on arrival. Also, confirm the currency for payment – some remote lodges may prefer cash only.

Money, Costs & Budgeting

Daily Costs: Cameroon is moderately priced. Street meals might cost 300–1,000 XAF. Restaurant meals (local cuisine) run 1,500–4,000 XAF. Budget travelers can aim for ~$30–40 per day (sleep in a guesthouse, eat local, use buses). Mid-range comfort travelers spend ~$60–100 per day. Hotels (10,000–60,000 XAF), meals (under 10,000 XAF for two), and local transport should be budgeted accordingly.
Currency & Exchange: As noted, the CFA franc is used everywhere. Large banknotes (10,000 XAF) dominate transactions. Exchange bureaus in Douala and Yaoundé airports and banks offer good rates; avoid black-market money-changers. U.S. Dollars and Euros are easily exchanged, but smaller currencies (Yen, Krone) may be rejected. Keep a mix of note sizes for small purchases (a 20,000 note may be hard to split in markets). You must declare if carrying >XAF 3,000,000 (about $4,500) on exit.
Credit Cards & ATMs: Carrying cash is safer. Only upscale hotels, some airlines, and upscale restaurants in Douala/Yaoundé take major cards (often with a 5–10% surcharge). ATMs exist in big cities (look for Société Générale, Ecobank, Afriland First, etc.) dispensing XAF 5,000 or 10,000 notes. Be aware machines may be empty; have backup cash or cards. Inform your bank of travel plans to avoid a card lockout.
Bargaining & Payments: Haggling is normal in markets and with taxi drivers. Even after agreeing a taxi fare, confirm when you arrive (taxi drivers often ignore initial deals). At markets, vendors may quote higher to foreigners; politely counter-offer or ask a local for advice on a fair price. In restaurants/hotels, expect to pay the bill in full local currency. Tipping (in cash) is discretionary as noted above.

Communication & Connectivity

SIM Cards & Mobile: Purchase a local SIM in the airport arrival hall or city telecom stores (you’ll need your passport for registration). The main networks are MTN and Orange (best coverage nationwide). A SIM costs under 500 XAF, and initial credit can be loaded via scratch cards (sold in shops) or with mobile banking. Data packages are inexpensive (e.g. a few thousand CFA can buy several GB valid a month). Signal is strong in cities and along major routes, but may vanish in deep jungle or far north. If you rely on GPS/maps, download offline maps ahead of time.
Internet & Wi-Fi: Expect slow or flaky internet. Some hotels and cafes in cities offer Wi-Fi, but speeds are often limited and routers may be turned off during outages. In rural areas there is virtually no public Wi-Fi. If staying connected is crucial, top up your phone’s mobile data plan and use it as a hotspot. For high-volume needs, consider an international travel SIM as a backup, though local sims are cheaper for in-country use.
Staying in Touch Abroad: Wi-Fi is unreliable, so having a local number can help if you lose track of your group. International roaming can be expensive. In emergencies, calling +237 country code for Cameroon is straightforward. Internet cafés still exist in city centers (~500–1,000 XAF per hour) if needed. Use messaging apps (WhatsApp, Telegram) for calls over data.

Connectivity Tip: Many visitors find that a pocket Wi-Fi router (MiFi) can be rented or bought in Douala for group trips, sharing a data connection. But battery life and recharging may be tricky in areas with erratic power.

Health, Safety & Travel Insurance

Vaccinations: As mentioned, Yellow Fever vaccination certificate is mandatory for entry. Beyond that, ensure you’re up-to-date on routine shots (tetanus-diphtheria, MMR, etc.). CDC recommends Hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and a polio booster for longer stays. Rabies is present (stray dogs are common), so consider pre-exposure shots if you’ll be in remote areas or around animals. Carry insect repellent and mosquito nets (especially for travel to forested or northern areas) to prevent malaria, dengue and other mosquito-borne illnesses.
Health Care: Medical facilities are limited outside Douala and Yaoundé. In cities, there are a few private clinics and hospitals (e.g. Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, General Hospital in Yaoundé), but equipment may be basic. Pharmacies in cities have common medicines but not always the newest brands. Bring a basic medical kit: antibiotics for traveler’s diarrhea, anti-malarials, rehydration salts, pain relievers, bandages. If you require regular prescription drugs, bring enough supply (original packaging).
Water & Food Safety: Avoid tap water. Stick to bottled or treated water for drinking and brushing. Ice cubes in drinks are generally not from bottled water. Eat cooked foods, avoid raw vegetables (unless you can peel them yourself) and unpasteurized dairy. Fruit juices are usually safe if sealed. Be careful with street food stands after heavy rains or in unsanitary conditions; look for high turnover stalls used by locals.
Travel Insurance: Strongly recommended. A comprehensive policy should cover trip interruption, medical emergency and evacuation (Medivac to neighboring country if needed). Emergency numbers in Cameroon: Dial 112 or 117 for police (does not always work from all phones), and 118 for ambulance/medical.

Health Tip: Mosquito-bite prevention is critical. Apply repellent (20–50% DEET) on exposed skin, and consider permethrin-treated clothing. Even in cities, dusk and dawn are peak mosquito times. Malaria symptoms can appear up to two months after exposure, so consider giving yourself an extra dose of antimalarials upon return home if guided by your doctor.

Sustainable & Responsible Travel

Eco-Tourism: Choose wildlife tours and lodges that follow conservation guidelines. In parks like Korup or Boumba Bek, go with authorized guides who do not disturb primates (no photos with chimps, no feeding). Use binoculars and stay quiet on trails. At marine parks (Limbe), do not collect shells or coral. Reefs are fragile – snorkel gently.
Supporting Local Communities: Buy souvenirs directly from artisans (e.g., woven cloth, wood carvings) rather than malls. A market like Foumban’s is great for genuine crafts. When trekking near villages, ask permission before entering and consider paying a small fee to chiefs or community projects. For a cultural immersion, engage community-run projects – for instance, a Ba’Aka (Pygmy) cultural tour where your payment goes to village welfare. Tip guides generously, as guiding is a key local livelihood.
Conservation: Avoid any products made from endangered wildlife (ivory, pangolin scales, exotic leathers). Say no to bushmeat (bats, monkeys) – it’s illegal and can spread disease. Dispose of trash properly; carry reusable water bottles and bags to cut plastic waste (garbage collection is sparse outside cities). Do not buy items made from turtle shells or sea horse souvenirs; these are often illegal.
Travel Footprint: Group travelers or those staying longer should offset carbon use if possible (some airlines allow donations for African reforestation). Use buses or shared rides rather than frequent short domestic flights. Support lodges with green policies (using solar panels, recycling).

Green Tip: When visiting rural or forest areas, stay on marked paths to avoid trampling plants. Bringing a small bag for your litter is wise – even biodegradable waste (fruit peels) can upset local wildlife if left on trails.

Adventure & Outdoor Activities

Hiking & Trekking: Beyond Mount Cameroon, several highland trails await. In the West Region, climb Mount Manengouba (with twin crater lakes) or take village treks in Bamileke country. The Mount Bamboutos and Mbu mountains near Bafoussam offer cooler trails through grasslands and farms. In the south, eco-guides organize walks through Campo or Lobéké reserves with opportunities to see forest wildlife. Remember sturdy shoes and rain gear.
Mountain Biking: The Bamenda Highlands have some mountain biking routes on their old ring roads, and cycling enthusiasts sometimes brave the dusty roads between towns.
Water Sports: Kribi is the surf capital; strong swells make it popular with surfers (especially around the Christmas swell season). Kayak or paddle-board on the calm Kribi lagoon or the Douala mangroves. Diving and snorkeling in Limbe’s marine park reveal colorful fish, sea turtles and, seasonally, passing humpback whales (Nov–Feb). Fishing charters are available in the Gulf of Guinea (book in advance).
Adventure Tours: Canopy tours and zip-lines have been developed in some forest lodges. Rafting down Cameroon’s rivers is still experimental, but a few outfitters near Dschang run inflatable-boat trips in rapids. Even canoe trips in mangrove creeks can feel adventurous. Most importantly, always hire local guides who know the terrain and safety procedures.

Guide Tip: If you want to trek in remote areas or climb peaks, hire a guide from an official association (e.g. the Mount Cameroon Race organizers hire guides for amateurs). Independent trekking in dense forests can be disorienting. Guides also serve as translators and cultural liaisons.

Family & Group Travel in Cameroon

Family-Friendly Activities: Many attractions above can be enjoyed by families. Young kids tend to love the Limbe Wildlife Centre (viewing apes from safe platforms), the Yaoundé Zoo, and easy boat rides. Beaches like Kribi are calm and shallow for children. Interactive cultural centers (for example, a short visit to a Fon cultural village demonstration) can be educational. Markets and craft workshops are colorful stimuli for older kids.
Group Tours & Guides: Family groups often use tour operators that bundle transportation, guides and lodging. Agencies like Intrepid or local companies can customize child-friendly itineraries. For safety and convenience, group vehicles (minibus with driver) are recommended – Cameroonian road rules are complex and local drivers know them best. If traveling as a group (friends/family), hiring a private minibus is cost-effective.
Schools & Education: Cameroon does have urban-oriented schooling; families staying long-term might investigate local international or missionary schools. But short-term visitors won’t have structured options.
Safety with Children: As always, keep children within sight in crowds. Teach them to avoid street offerings (like shell-massaging monkey shows) that can involve young kids unknowingly. Insect repellent is vital for kids, especially against malaria.

Family Tip: Pack motion-sickness medicine if traveling by road; mountain roads can be very winding. Also have some favored snacks in carry-on to handle delays – although fresh fruit and juices at markets can be a fun part of the experience if your kids are adventurous eaters.

Packing & Preparation Checklist

Clothing: Light, breathable cotton shirts and trousers for daytime. A warm fleece or sweater for highlands (Bamenda, Buea, or at night in Yaoundé). A waterproof jacket or rain poncho (it rains suddenly often). Comfortable sturdy shoes or hiking boots. If visiting rural villages or religious sites, shorts/skirts should cover knees and shirts cover shoulders. Swimsuit for beach or hotel pool. Sun hat or cap and sunglasses.
Health & Safety: Insect repellent (DEET or picaridin), sunscreen (SPF 30+), hand sanitizer. Malaria prophylaxis pills and prescription medicines. A basic first-aid kit (bandages, antiseptic, rehydration salts, imodium). Water purification tablets or UV purifier (safer for longer trips).
Documents: Passport + visa (with plenty of validity), yellow fever card, insurance info. Photocopies of all documents. Travel itinerary and important addresses written down.
Electronics: Universal adapter (Type C/E plugs) and power bank (electricity can be intermittent). Phone with offline map app (Cameroon map data). Flashlight or headlamp (power cuts are common). Camera with extra memory card.
Money & Access: Credit/debit cards (inform your bank), enough cash in USD or Euros (for initial exchange). Secure wallet or money belt. Spare passport photos (some ID photos may be needed for permits).
Other: Sunglasses and hat for sun. Binoculars for wildlife/birds. Dry bag for valuables (if kayaking or hiking). Small padlock for luggage (buses allow locking undercarriage bins). Daypack for excursions. Snacks (nuts, granola) for long drives or hikes.

Packing Tip: Luggage can be searched and bags may travel on roof racks of buses. Secure your belongings with straps and avoid shiny bags. Also pack a scarf or sarong (useful as a light blanket, picnic sheet or respectful shoulder cover in villages).

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Is Cameroon safe for solo travelers? It can be, with precautions. Solo travelers should avoid isolated travel and certainly steer clear of high-risk zones (Northwest/Southwest/Far North). Exploring city centers or joining group tours is advisable. If venturing into rural areas, always hire local drivers or guides. Many solo visitors report friendly encounters and safe travels in major routes, but the key is staying alert, especially at night, and respecting local advice.
Can I drink tap water in Cameroon? Tap water in Cameroon is not treated to Western standards. Use only bottled or boiled water. This includes brushing teeth and making ice or coffee. Avoid drinks with ice from unverified sources. Bottled water is widely sold (around 300–500 XAF per liter).
What is the electricity voltage? 220–230 V, 50 Hz (European standard). Outlets are Type C and Type E (two round pins). Bring an adapter. Note: power outages are common, so carrying a flashlight or using hotel generator backup at night is useful.
How do I respect local traditions? Greet people politely and learn a few basic phrases in French or Pidgin (like “bonjour” or “kes wey dey” for “hello”). Dress modestly in villages or rural areas. Always ask permission before photographing people, particularly in markets or sacred ceremonies. When invited to meals or homes, it’s polite to accept at least a sip of drink offered. Learn the customary tipping norms (a small gesture is appreciated but not mandatory). Showing curiosity and humility goes a long way; Cameroonians are proud of their heritage and enjoy explaining local customs.
What souvenirs are best to buy? Cameroon’s crafts are authentic. Look for hand-woven pagnes (vibrant cloth) from Foumban, carved wooden masks or statues (Bamum and Bamileke styles), brass jewelry or copperware. Local food gifts include roasted coffee beans from Dja or pineapple baskets. In the coast, carved turtle or crocodile figures are sold, but note CITES laws when taking these abroad (you might want the decorative shellware instead of real turtle). Avoid ivory or any animal-skin products. Bargain fair in markets, and carry goods in your luggage (declare expensive souvenirs to customs if needed).
How do I find local guides? Many hotels and eco-lodges can connect you with licensed guides. For national parks, arrange through park offices or with tour operators beforehand. In cities, ask your hotel to recommend reputable guides for walking tours or to book day trips. Some online platforms also list local guides; check reviews. A friend or expat contact can help vet guides. Always agree on a rate up front and confirm the plan. Good guides will often double as informal translators and cultural interpreters, enriching your experience.
What are the main safety concerns? Aside from the regional conflict zones (keep updated via government advisories), the main issues are petty crime and road safety. Do not trek alone in unknown areas. Petty thieves may target tourists in busy areas – use a money belt and do not flash cameras. Traffic accidents are a hazard (roads can be in poor condition and some drivers reckless), so travel defensively. Health-wise, malaria and typhoid are major concerns; take prophylaxis and drink clean water.
What are the emergency numbers? Dial 112 or 117 for police assistance. For medical emergencies, call 118. Note that response times can be unpredictable, and not all numbers work from all phones. Inform your embassy of your itinerary; some embassies provide travel alerts or registration services for their nationals.
How about internet & SIM cards? As above, get an MTN or Orange SIM card (ask for a 4G package). Coverage in cities is good. Prepaid credit (setip) can be bought at kiosks. Internet cafes and hotel Wi-Fi exist but are best for occasional use. For constant connection, rely on mobile data (a few gigabytes for $5–15 usually suffices).
Is Cameroon expensive? It’s not as cheap as some African countries, due to import costs and lack of mass tourism. However, savvy travelers can find bargains. Street eats and local transport are affordable, but expect to pay more for anything involving foreign elements (air travel, international hotels, guided safaris). Exchange more money in cities (rural villages may not change foreign cash). Taxis are very cheap (often under 2,000 XAF for city rides). Overall, a daily budget of $50–70 will grant comfort for most visitors.
How do I stay healthy? Maintain good hygiene: wash hands, use repellent, and stay up to date on immunizations. Take malaria pills exactly as prescribed, even after you leave Cameroon. Beware of motorbike taxis (benskins) – accidents are common on motorbike rides. Only swim at beaches with known lifeguards (Kribi’s main beach has safety services, though currents can still be strong).
Travel insurance? Yes, a must. Make sure it covers health care (medical evacuation) and theft/loss. Some policies also cover legal issues (Cameroon courts can drag on if you get into trouble, so prevention is best).
Travel Restrictions: There are no blanket entry bans currently, but get an up-to-date passport and visa. Security in border regions means avoid non-essential travel to borders. Check for health advisories (like Ebola precautions in 2014). As of 2025, there are no COVID test requirements, but carriers may ask for proof of vaccination.
Sustainable travel: Carry bags from hotels when shopping to reduce plastic. Stay at lodges with environmentally-friendly practices. When visiting forests, stick to trails to protect sensitive plants. And always ask before handling wildlife or feeding animals – a gentle camera lens on nature is best practice.

Yaounde

Explore Yaoundé, Cameroon’s overlooked capital, in this comprehensive travel guide: from top attractions like the Basilica and national museum, to local markets and cuisine, transport ...