Algeria

Offically known as the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Algeria is a major nation in North Africa's Maghreb. Comprising 2,481,741 square kilometers, this vast nation is 10th in the world and the biggest in Africa. Algeria's strategic location on the Mediterranean coast has put it at the junction of several civilizations throughout history, so impacting its rich cultural tapestry and complex legacy.

Algeria occupies a swath of North Africa that stretches from the Mediterranean coast to the heart of the Sahara. Its northern margin meets the sea in a series of rocky promontories and narrow plains, beyond which the land rises to two parallel mountain ranges, the Tell Atlas and Saharan Atlas. South of these ridges, a vast plain gives way to dunes and gravel plateaus until the terrain flattens into the sand seas of the central Sahara. At 2,381,741 km², Algeria ranks as Africa’s largest country and the world’s tenth by area. Its borders touch six nations—Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania and Morocco—and a contested frontier with Western Sahara. In the far north, Algiers perches on a steep headland above its harbor, while Oran, Constantine and Annaba lie along the coast at strategic river mouths or cliffed bays.

Human presence in this land reaches back to prehistoric times, when North African hunter-gatherers left rock art in the Tassili n’Ajjer highlands. Phoenician traders later founded coastal outposts, which Roman armies transformed into towns such as Tipasa and Timgad. Vandals and then Byzantines held sway briefly before the spread of Arab Muslim dynasties from the eighth century onward. Arab tribes and Berber groups both lent their customs and language to the emerging society. In 1516, corsair captains based at Algiers secured nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Porte, establishing a regency that endured until French forces landed in 1830. French colonial rule, imposed officially in 1848, brought large-scale settler immigration, the expropriation of land and outbreaks of famine and plague that halved parts of the indigenous population by 1903. Resistance culminated in a war for independence launched in 1954; after eight years of combat, Algeria achieved sovereignty in 1962. A decade later, political strife plunged the nation into an armed conflict that claimed tens of thousands of lives before concluding in the early 2000s.

Today, Algeria’s population of roughly 44 million concentrates almost entirely north of the Tell Atlas. A semi-arid belt marks the transition from humid coastal woodlands—where annual rainfall may reach 1 000 mm in the east—to a steppelike zone yielding less than 400 mm per year. Further south, annual precipitation falls below 100 mm and dunes drift in winds that in summer can push daytime temperatures above 43 °C and drop sharply at night. Mount Tahat, in the Hoggar Mountains of southern Algeria, rises to 3 003 m and punctuates the desert skyline with granite peaks. A scattering of oases hosts Berber and Tuareg communities that maintain pastoral traditions alongside settled agriculture.

Algeria divides its territory into 58 provinces, or wilayas, each named after its administrative center. These range from the vast desert jurisdiction of Tamanrasset, covering over 550 000 km² but home to fewer than 200 000 residents, to Algiers, the country’s smallest but most densely populated province. Below the wilaya level, districts (daïras) and communes administer local services in 1 541 municipalities. Recent reforms enlarged the provincial roster to improve governance in remote regions.

Officially bilingual since a 2016 constitutional amendment, Algeria recognizes Modern Standard Arabic and Tamazight. Colloquial Algerian Arabic, enriched by Berber and French loanwords, serves as the lingua franca. Berber languages—chiefly Kabyle in the north-central mountains and Chaoui in the northeast—retain local media and educational outlets. French remains widespread in administration, higher education and the press despite lacking formal status; as many as 60 percent of Algerians speak or understand it. English usage grows in academic and business circles, with plans to introduce it at the primary level.

Sunni Islam shapes daily life for 99 percent of the population, its observances woven into the national calendar. Algeria’s cultural inheritance spans from the early Christian theologian Augustine of Hippo, born near present-day Souk Ahras, to the twentieth-century writers Albert Camus, Kateb Yacine and Assia Djebar. Frantz Fanon and Malek Bennabi contributed to decolonial theory, while Emir Abdelkader led resistance against French invasion. In cinema and literature, creators shifted after independence from narratives of war and liberation toward explorations of urban life, social change and personal identity.

The economy rests largely on hydrocarbon extraction. Algeria ranks sixteenth globally in oil reserves and ninth in natural gas. Sonatrach, the state-owned oil company, commands exploration, production and export operations, supplying a quarter of Europe’s gas imports at times. High energy revenues have built foreign exchange reserves exceeding US $170 billion and funded a stabilization fund, though heavy public spending and a narrow revenue base expose the budget to price swings. A World Bank report in June 2024 elevated Algeria to upper-middle-income status after decades of state-led development. The government maintains majority ownership in key industries, curbs foreign investment, and until recently paused privatization of state enterprises. Efforts to diversify into manufacturing, tourism and services have proceeded slowly, hindered by bureaucratic inertia and infrastructure gaps. Youth unemployment and housing shortages persist as pressing challenges.

Transportation infrastructure reflects both coastal concentration and desert sprawl. Algeria boasts roughly 180 000 km of roads, the densest network in Africa, yet the East-West Highway under construction promises to link Tlemcen near the Moroccan border to Annaba on the Tunisian frontier via a 1 216-km expressway. The Trans-Sahara Highway, fully paved through Algerian territory, extends southward to Niger, opening corridors for transcontinental trade. Railway lines serve the northern belt, while airports at Algiers, Oran and Constantine connect regional capitals domestically and to Europe and the Middle East.

Demographically, Algeria has grown from four million in 1900 to over 45 million by 2025. Urbanization has accelerated since the mid-twentieth century, with more than 90 percent of residents living in cities or towns along the coast. Approximately 28 percent of the population falls below age fifteen, creating demands on education and employment systems. Minority communities include Sahrawi refugees in camps near Tindouf, numbering up to 165 000, and smaller groups of Palestinians and sub-Saharan Africans. A diaspora in France exceeds 1.7 million, reflecting historic ties.

Culinary practices mirror Algeria’s layered past. Meals center on cereals such as semolina, prepared as couscous with stewed meats and vegetables. Flatbreads bake in communal ovens; olive oil, originating from coastal groves, flavors salads and tagines. Dishes carry Berber, Arab, Ottoman and French influences, and coastal towns serve fish stews enriched with harissa or preserved lemons. Tea ritualizes hospitality, poured in slender glasses beside plates of dates or baklava.

Algeria belongs to the African Union, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC. Its military ranks among the continent’s largest, with defence spending second only to Egypt in Africa. Regional initiatives seek economic integration in the Maghreb, though border closures with Morocco reflect enduring diplomatic strains. At home, political life comprises a semi-presidential system under a constitution that has evolved since independence, while civil society and youth movements advocate incremental reform.

In each stratum—geographic, demographic, cultural, economic—Algeria presents contrasts of abundance and constraint. Fertile mountain slopes and vibrant coastal settlements give way to some of the world’s driest expanses. A wealth of hydrocarbons coexists with ambitions to broaden the economic base. Centuries of cultural layering endure in language, architecture and custom. Navigating these tensions shapes Algeria’s path in the twenty-first century.

Algerian dinar (DZD)

Currency

July 5, 1962 (Independence from France)

Founded

+213

Calling code

46,700,000

Population

2,381,741 km² (919,595 sq mi)

Area

Arabic (Modern Standard Arabic)

Official language

Varies; Highest point: Mount Tahat (2,908 m or 9,541 ft)

Elevation

CET (UTC+1)

Time zone

Why Algeria, Why Now

Algeria is Africa’s largest country, a mosaic of sweeping landscapes and layered history. It is a land of ancient Roman ruins, Ottoman citadels, and vast deserts rarely seen by outsiders. In the last few years, Algerian authorities have begun actively promoting tourism. New hotels are rising, historic sites are being restored, and the government has pledged to attract 12 million visitors by 2030 — roughly four times today’s level. Yet much of Algeria remains under the travel radar.

This off-the-beaten-path status can be a draw for adventurous travelers. Algiers, the capital, still feels almost unspoiled by mass tourism: narrow alleys climb a fortified hill (the Casbah), French-colonial boulevards line the bay, and street cafés brim with espresso and shisha smoke. Inland lie a string of archaeological treasures: Tipasa’s seaside ruins, the hilltop Berber city of Timgad, and mosaiced streets at Djémila stand nearly alone among the olive groves. Southeast of the Atlas range, the ground opens into the Sahara: red-sand dunes, otherworldly rock formations in Tassili n’Ajjer, and camel caravans at twilight.

For curious travelers, Algeria’s timing is propitious. Morocco and Tunisia draw the crowds, but Algeria offers something different — familiar North African culture combined with places that feel undiscovered. This guide is aimed at readers seeking a complete picture: it will explain the visa process, clarify safety zones, outline transport options, and suggest routes that blend UNESCO heritage with Saharan adventure. In short, it is a bridge between Algeria’s hidden riches and your itinerary, giving you the confidence to explore this vast and fascinating land.

Essential Fast Facts

Time Zone & Currency: Algeria uses Central European Time (UTC+1) year-round. The currency is the Algerian dinar (DZD). Note that dinars cannot be brought in or out of the country; exchange only within Algeria.
Plugs & Power: Outlets are the standard European two-pin (Type C). Voltage is 230V at 50Hz. A universal adapter is recommended.
Languages: Algerian Arabic (Darja) is spoken almost everywhere. French is widely used in business, signage, and media. Tamazight (Kabyle/Berber dialects) is common in rural villages of Kabylie and the Sahara. English is rare outside hotels and tourist hubs – learning a few phrases in Arabic or French will go far.
Apps & Connectivity: The local ride-hailing app Yassir and its competitor Heetch work in Algiers and Oran for taxis. Google Maps often fails in the Sahara; downloading offline maps is wise. Install messaging apps like WhatsApp to stay in touch with guides.
Trip-Planning Checklist:
Visa: Secure a visa before arrival. Most Western travelers need an official visa (see below).
Travel Insurance: Medical evacuation coverage is strongly recommended, as remote areas lack advanced facilities.
Permits: Certain southern regions (Hoggar mountains, Tassili) require special tourist permits and licensed guides. Book through agencies in advance.
Vaccinations: Routine vaccines are advised. Hepatitis A and typhoid are generally recommended. Algeria sometimes requires a meningitis shot for travelers from parts of Africa (check current health advice).
Emergency Info: The international SOS number in Algeria is 112 or 15 (ambulance), 17 (police), 14 (fire). Note U.S. Embassy is in Algiers. Carry photocopies of passport and visa.

Is Algeria Safe to Visit?

Algeria is often portrayed in stark terms by official advisories, but actual risk depends on where you travel. The U.S. Department of State currently places Algeria at Level 2 (Exercise Increased Caution). In practice, this means normal precautions should suffice in major towns. Algiers, Oran, Constantine and other city centers have heavy police presence and see mostly routine crime. Petty theft can occur (especially in crowded markets), so use hotel safes for valuables, but violent crime against tourists is unusual.

The real dangers lie along the borders and in the deep desert. Travel advisories specifically warn against the eastern and southern border zones (near Libya, Niger, Mali, and Mauritania), where sporadic militant activity and kidnapping have occurred. The Sahara Desert is also listed as a Do-Not-Travel area in policy terms. In practical terms, this means solo overland crossings are not advised. Instead, organized tours or flights are preferred for desert adventures. Always inform local authorities of your plans, carry emergency contact cards, and ideally travel with a local guide or convoy.

City vs. remote risk: In cities and well-traveled sites, life goes on fairly normally. It’s common to see families shopping and children playing. Outside the cities, checkpoints are frequent; police may stop vehicles and inspect passports. Cooperate politely – officers in Algeria are generally more concerned with stability than harassing tourists. Steer clear of large gatherings or protests, just as you would anywhere. After sunset, city streets can be quieter but still safe in central districts; use registered taxis to get around at night.
Solo female travel: Women visiting Algeria do so without incident every year, but certain measures help. Dress modestly (loose clothing, covered shoulders and legs) to match local norms. In conservative parts, wearing a headscarf in markets or mosques shows respect (though it’s not strictly required everywhere). Avoid traveling alone on isolated desert roads or hiking unaccompanied. Daytime group tours are ideal; at night stick to common areas or travel with male companions if possible. Most Algerian women appreciate when foreign women respect customs, and you may find that locals, especially women, are helpful and welcoming. Trust your instincts, and if something feels off (excessive attention or pressure), remove yourself gracefully.

Overall, Algeria can be visited safely with common-sense precautions. Current government initiatives are gradually promoting tourism in stable zones, and the country welcomes travelers. Planning ahead, registering itineraries with your embassy, and heeding local advice will maximize both safety and enjoyment.

Visas & Entry Requirements (by nationality)

Most travelers from the US, UK, EU, Canada, Australia and similar countries must obtain a visa before arriving in Algeria. There is no true visa-on-arrival for these nationals. The visa process can be bureaucratic: you typically apply at an Algerian consulate or embassy in your home country at least a month or two before travel. Required documents include a passport valid 6+ months, passport-sized photos, proof of accommodation, and especially a letter of invitation (lettre d’invitation). This formal letter can be issued by an Algerian resident or a registered travel agency/tour operator and must outline your itinerary (dates and places to visit). Some embassies also ask for an authorization form stamped by the Algerian Ministry of Interior, which your sponsor in Algeria arranges.

Tour operators often assist with visas for clients. If you book a guided tour or stay in a hotel that advertises support for visas, they can sometimes supply the necessary invitation paperwork. Still, allow several weeks for processing. Visas are usually single-entry for 30 to 90 days, depending on nationality, and fees vary. Itineraries should be detailed, as border officials may ask to see them. If your travel has gaps (for instance, leaving parts of the trip open), be prepared to justify it (e.g., “I may visit Tizi Ouzou if time allows, but it’s unplanned”). Having hotel confirmations (or letters from guides) for each segment helps.

As of 2025, Algeria has hinted at e-Visa schemes to boost tourism, but these are limited in scope. Some reports mention an e-visa pilot for a few nationalities, yet the safest assumption is no e-visa until officially launched. When booking flights to Algeria, check if airlines or agencies offer visa assistance. However, do not rely on being able to get a visa on arrival – most airports will reject anyone without prior visa clearance.

Note: Nationals of a handful of countries (often Gulf States, Russia, etc.) may get visas on arrival or are visa-exempt. Always verify with the latest government sources. Dual nationals of Algeria must enter on an Algerian passport.

Best Time to Visit (by region and interest)

Algeria’s climate varies dramatically north to south, so “best time” depends on where you’re headed.

Coast & Cities (Algiers, Oran, Tipasa, Annaba): The Mediterranean north has mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Spring (April–June) and autumn (September–early November) offer comfortable temperatures (15–25°C) and fewer crowds. Summer (July–August) can be quite hot in the day (30°C+), though sea breezes can cool the coast; however, many Algerians head to beach resorts in July-August, so popular sites see more local tourists then. Winter (Dec–Feb) is mild to cool (10–15°C) but can be wet. If you plan beachfront or city sightseeing, late spring/early fall is ideal.
Mountain and Roman Sites (Djemila, Timgad, Kabylie): These highland areas can be colder. Summer is pleasant (20–25°C) but nights are cooler. Spring and fall are good too, though nights may require a jacket. In winter, snow can fall in Kabylie and the Aurès mountains, making higher passes impassable. If you want to combine city, coast, and mountain touring, target May–June or September–October.
Sahara (Tassili, Timimoun, Djanet, Tamanrasset): The Sahara’s seasons are extreme. Best window: late autumn through early spring (October–March). In winter, days are warm (20–25°C) and nights are cold but tolerable. By April-May and September, desert days can hit 35°C or more, and summer (June–August) sees searing 40–50°C heat – travel then is arduous and many lodges actually close. For desert treks, aim for late October–November or February–March. (Note: November 2025 sees Djanet’s Sebeiba festival, which could be an exciting cultural bonus).
Chréa Skiing: The Chréa National Park (near Blida/Algiers) gets occasional snow. If your goal is novelty skiing, the peak months are January–February. Keep in mind the ski area is small and infrastructure is basic, but it’s a charming experience on a Mediterranean mountain.

In short: Shoulder seasons (spring and autumn) cover most needs. If you can only travel in winter, stick to the Sahara and Mediterranean; in summer, limit to high mountains or coastal areas to beat the heat. Always check local weather forecasts for the regions on your itinerary, as conditions can vary widely even between neighboring towns.

Getting In: Flights & Ferries

Algeria is reachable by air and by Mediterranean ferry.

Major Airports: The principal gateway is Algiers Houari Boumediene International (ALG). Other international airports include Oran Es-Senia (ORN) in the west, Constantine Mohamed Boudiaf (CZL) in the east, and Constantine’s smaller Achour-Debra H’mima (not always international). There are also airports in Annaba, Bejaia, Tlemcen, Djanet, Tamanrasset, and others. Not all handle foreign flights, so check routes carefully. In 2025, European carriers are expanding: Turkish Airlines, Air France (via Lyon/Paris), Royal Air Maroc, Iberia (via Madrid), and even Emirates (via Dubai) serve Algiers. Air Algérie (the national carrier) and Tassili Airlines (Sonatrach-owned) fly many domestic and regional routes (sometimes indirectly from Tunis or Istanbul).
Airlines & Routes: Air Algérie connects Algeria to Paris, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Beirut, Montreal, and more. Seasonal charters (especially from France and Spain) also land in Algiers and Oran in summer. Flights within Algeria are affordable, making it realistic to “hop” across the country if time is short. For example, domestic flights link Algiers to Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Timimoun – a boon for crossing the vast Sahara.
Ferries: Algeria has ferry links to Spain, France, and Italy. To Spain: Ferries run from Oran to Almeria and to Palma de Mallorca; from Ghazaouet (west) to Algeciras or Tarifa. To France: Boats sail between Algiers and Marseille, Bejaia and Marseille, and Oran and Marseille (seasonal). To Italy: There is a service from Algiers to Genoa and Turin. Routes and schedules can change yearly, often more active in summer. The crossing times are typically 16–20 hours. Taking a ferry is a scenic (if slow) way to bring a car or enjoy the Mediterranean. Onboard facilities vary; book cabins for overnight comfort. Check companies like Algerie Ferries or Algérie Poste’s travel page for up-to-date schedules.
When to Consider Ferry: If you have a long inland itinerary or a vehicle, the ferry can save fuel costs. For solo travelers on a budget, ferries sometimes offer lower overall cost than multiple flights. Note: The Moroccan-Spanish border crossing does not connect to Algeria (Algeria-Morocco border is closed), so direct sea routes from Morocco to Algeria do not exist.

Getting Around Inside Algeria

Transport in Algeria is improving but still requires planning. Major cities are connected by road, rail, and air, though schedules may be irregular.

Domestic Flights: For long distances, flying saves time. Air Algérie and Tassili cover major city pairs (Algiers–Oran, Algiers–Constantine, Oran–Tlemcen, and deep south lines like Algiers–Tamanrasset or Algiers–Djanet). Tickets are surprisingly cheap if booked in advance (sometimes under $100 one-way), thanks to low fuel costs. Flight reliability can be an issue (expect delays or cancellations occasionally, especially in bad weather), so build cushion time between connections. On the plus side, the views of mountains and desert from the air are spectacular.
Trains (SNTF): The national railway (Société Nationale des Transports Ferroviaires) runs several lines. The main corridor is Algiers–Oran (with stops in Blida, Relizane, Sidi Bel Abbès). There is also Algiers–Constantine–Annaba (eastbound). Trains range from standard seating to reclining couchettes on overnight routes. Carriage conditions are simple but safe. Book tickets at stations or online (the SNTF site or apps exist). Note: train schedules may be sparse; for example, only one night train might leave Algiers for Oran per day. However, trains are far more comfortable than long-distance buses or driving in a car.
Trams & Metro: Public transit in big cities is expanding. Algiers has a metro line (east-west under city center) and a modern tramway circling the city. Oran and Constantine also have new tram networks. These are cheap and reliable for local travel – a good way to experience daily life without a car. Airports connect to city lines by bus or taxi, but you can often switch to metro/tram after reaching town center.
Taxis & Ride-Hailing: In cities, “Petit Taxis” (small orange/yellow cars) run meters for short trips. Technically, drivers must use the meter (“kinomètre”), but often it’s broken; if so, agree a price before departing. For longer distances or airport trips, negotiate a flat fare. Today, Yassir and Heetch apps function much like Uber for booking taxis—very handy in Algiers, Oran, and a few other cities. “Grand Taxis” (maroon shared cabs/vans) run fixed intercity routes (e.g. Algiers–Tipasa). They wait to fill up before leaving. This can be economical but slow.
Buses: There are government and private intercity buses. Government coach lines (ETUSA, etc.) connect major towns but can be slow and crowded. Many travelers prefer grand taxis or rental cars for flexibility. Within cities, crowded red city buses run set routes.
Driving / Car Rental: Renting a car gives freedom to explore smaller sites. Roads between cities are generally good (highways or two-lane asphalt); traffic is moderate outside city outskirts. Petrol (gasoline) is very cheap. An international driving permit is required alongside your license. In cities, driving is assertive – watch out for sudden lane changes, pedestrian crossings, and informally parked vehicles. In the countryside, keep an eye out for livestock on roads or police checkpoints. If driving far south or off-road, it’s wise to hire a guide or join a convoy. Solo travelers on lonely desert roads risk breakdowns or police stops away from help.
Guided Tours & Driver-Guides: In certain regions, particularly the Sahara, many tourists opt to hire drivers who often double as guides (speaking some French/Arabic). They can secure lodging and permits. Tour companies operate 4×4 tours around Tassili and the Hoggar; these usually include vehicle, local camp crew, and Arabic-speaking leader. For independent travelers, using a driver-guide at least for the Sahara stretch is highly recommended for security and logistics.

Money, Costs & How to Pay

Algeria is one of North Africa’s least expensive destinations, but visitors should understand the cash-centric economy.

Budget Range: On a tight budget, a traveler might get by on $25–$40 USD per day (staying in dorms or budget hotels, eating street food). A mid-range budget of $50–$70 per day affords comfortable hotels (3-star level), restaurant meals, guide services, and some tours. Taxis and domestic flights are reasonably priced. High-end travelers can find luxury hotels and private chauffeurs, but note that upscale tourism is still developing, so top-shelf lodging is rarer than in Morocco or Tunisia.
Currency Exchange: The currency is the Algerian dinar (DZD), which is a closed currency – you cannot bring dinars out of the country. Exchange money at banks, airport kiosks, or authorized exchange bureaus (bureaux de change). Hotels may exchange small amounts of euros/dollars at the official rate but often with service fees. The official rates are far lower than what locals pay on the street.
Parallel (Black) Market: A parallel exchange market exists where travelers can swap euros or dollars for dinars at much better rates. This is technically illegal but widely practiced. Usually this happens through “fremiums” (people, often expatriates or locals, who quietly offer to exchange cash). If you use the black market, do it discreetly in a safe place (hotel lobby, reliable restaurant). Many travelers combine methods: change a portion at a bank for immediate expenses, then get the rest through a recommended contact. Be cautious of counterfeit currency. Note that carrying large amounts of cash is normal in Algeria, since credit card acceptance is limited.
ATMs & Cards: Visa and MasterCard work in most banks and major hotel shops, but often with a transaction fee. ATMs are plentiful in cities – they dispense dinars with daily limits (typically around 30,000–40,000 DZD per card, about $200–$300 USD). It’s wise to carry two cards in case one is blocked or ran out of cash. Withdraw local currency on arrival in Algiers for immediate expenses. In more remote areas, ATMs may be sparse or empty; plan accordingly.
Tipping: Tipping (baksheesh) is customary. In restaurants, leaving 5–10% of the bill for good service is appreciated. Always round up taxi fares. Tip hotel porters or housekeeping a few hundred dinars. In guided tours, it’s customary to tip drivers and guides at the end of a multi-day trip (hundreds of dinars per person per day, depending on service). Bargaining is expected in markets: vendors often quote high prices initially. Haggling is accepted in souks and for taxis without meters – do so politely and with a smile.

Connectivity & SIM Cards

Staying connected is straightforward in urban areas, with good mobile and internet coverage, though it thins in the south.

Mobile Networks: Algeria’s three major operators are Mobilis, Djezzy, and Ooredoo. All offer GSM/3G/4G service. Coverage is solid in cities and along the northern axis. Of the three, Djezzy often has the most extensive reach in remote areas, with signal even in parts of the Sahara (still don’t count on data when deep in canyons or over high peaks). Before traveling, check roaming plans – sometimes your home provider offers Algeria roaming, but rates can be high.
SIM Cards: A local SIM is the easiest way to get data. You can buy SIMs at the airport kiosks or in many city shops (official mobile shops). You must register with your passport, but there’s no lengthy paperwork. Prices: a basic SIM with 1–2 GB data costs just a few dollars; larger data bundles (5–10 GB) are still very cheap by Western standards. Networks use GSM 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz; 4G (LTE) is available in cities. In rural areas, 3G may be spotty, and 2G only in some remote villages.
eSIM: Algerian carriers currently do not offer eSIMs for tourists. The technology is rolling out, but as of 2025 you should assume a physical SIM is needed.
Internet in Accommodations: Many hotels and guesthouses offer Wi-Fi (especially in cities). Don’t rely on internet in desert camps though; even if they have a router, speeds will be slow or nonexistent.
Offline Maps: Because data can be intermittent, download offline maps (Google or Maps.me) of your routes. Also having a portable charger is wise, as power can fail during road trips.

Culture & Etiquette

Algeria’s social norms blend Arab, Berber, and French influences. Observing local customs makes for smoother interactions and shows respect.

Greetings & Language: A common greeting is “As-salāmu ʿalaykum” (Peace be upon you); respond with “Wa ʿalaykum as-salām.” Saying “Shukran” (thank you) and “Bslama” (goodbye) in Arabic, or “Merci,” will earn smiles. Algerians value politeness and hospitality. French phrases like “Bonjour” and “Pardon” are also understood widely. If you ask for directions or help, even stumbling in Darja or French is appreciated. Give a light handshake or right-hand touch on chest when meeting someone respectful; personal space tends to be closer than in the West.
Dress Code: Modesty is key. In cities, dress is somewhat cosmopolitan but conservative by Western standards. Women should avoid very short skirts or low necklines; slacks or long skirts and covered shoulders are wise. Carry a scarf or shawl to cover hair/shoulders when entering rural areas or religious sites. Men should not wear sleeveless shirts in public. In Casablanca and other big cities, jeans and casual shirt are fine; but in villages, even foreigners should appear subdued. Beachwear belongs at the beach, not in town. Good walking shoes or boots are handy for ruins, and closed shoes are preferred in the desert (to keep out sand).
Mosque Etiquette: Only a few mosques allow non-Muslim visitors, often at limited hours. If you do enter (always ask permission or read posted rules), dress very modestly: women typically must cover hair, men should wear long trousers (some mosques provide drapes). Remove shoes at the entrance. Avoid visiting during prayer times. If denied, do not press – many Algerian mosques are strict about non-Muslim access. Famous exceptions: Ketchaoua Mosque (Casbah of Algiers) and Djamaâ el Djazaïr (Great Mosque of Algiers) welcome tourists at certain times.
Alcohol & Ramadan: Algeria is a Muslim-majority country, but not strictly a dry one. Beer and wine are available in hotels, upscale restaurants, and some bars, though there is no strong wine culture and stock can be limited. Outside major cities, alcohol may be hard to find. During Ramadan, restaurants will be closed or only open indoors; however, cafes might serve coffee. Non-Muslims can eat discreetly in private areas, but public consumption of food/drink during daylight hours is frowned upon. Travel during Ramadan can still be fine, but plan iftars (breaking fast at sunset) at hotel buffets or hotel bars. Avoid eating or drinking in front of fasting locals out of courtesy.
Photography: Always ask permission before photographing people, especially women. Algerians are generally patient with respectful tourists snapping photos of landscapes or architecture, but pointing a camera at someone without a nod can cause offense. Forbidden targets: Do not photograph military zones, police or army personnel, government buildings, border posts or airports. Photography of armed forces can be illegal. Drone use is officially tightly controlled: you should not bring a drone without obtaining permits from Algerian civil aviation and interior ministries well in advance. Border guards or police will likely confiscate drones at entry. In short, leave your drone at home unless you have special clearance.

In all interactions, showing respect for Algerian hospitality will go far. Answer questions about your origin with pride, but be tactful about politics. If invited into a home or shop, accepting tea or a small gift of food is polite. Handshakes and warm farewells (“Ma’a salama” – go with peace) end visits nicely.

Top 15 Places to Visit

Algeria’s highlights range from ancient ruins to Saharan oases. Here are the must-see destinations and sites:

Algiers & the Kasbah (UNESCO World Heritage): Algeria’s capital sprawls on the Mediterranean. The Casbah of Algiers, a labyrinthine hilltop quarter of white Ottoman houses and narrow alleys, is enchanting. Wander through its winding lanes to find hidden cafés, ruined mosques, and panoramic terraces. Key sights: the imposing Ketchaoua Mosque (once a cathedral), the Martyrs’ Memorial (giant palm-shaped cenotaph on a hill), and the French-era Jardin d’Essai botanical gardens. Stroll the waterfront boulevard for sea breezes. Just outside Algiers, visit Tipasa (see below). A free walking tour can help orient you in the Casbah’s maze.
Tipasa & Royal Mausoleum: Around 70 km west of Algiers lies Tipasa, an ancient Numidian and later Roman town by the sea. Its atmospheric ruins (theatre, baths, basilica with mosaic floors) spill down to the beach. The Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania (an imposing circular tomb) rises nearby on a rocky headland – legend links it to King Juba II and Queen Cleopatra Selene. A small museum houses statues and artifacts found on-site. Tipasa’s sunset is legendary – the ruins cast long shadows as pink light tints the limestone. Combine Tipasa with a day trip from Algiers or an overnight in the charming nearby town of Tipaza.
Constantine (City of Bridges): Perched atop deep ravines in Eastern Algeria, Constantine lives up to its nickname, the “City of Bridges.” Suspension and suspension-arch bridges link the old town’s cliffs, creating dramatic vistas. Ride the cable car from downtown Algiers-Constantine airport for a grand view of the gorges. See the Medracen (Numidian tomb) and Cirta Museum (anthropology and archaeology) for context. The Casbah of Constantine (off limits at times) clings to cliffs; you can glimpse it from below. Wander through tree-lined squares downtown and watch children play in the shade of palm trees, reflecting the city’s Andalusian character.
Djémila (Cuicul) and Sétif: In the Aures Mountains of eastern Algeria, the Roman ruins of Djémila stand surprisingly well-preserved: forum, basilica, paved streets, and mosaic fragments echo a thriving provincial town (Cuicul) of the 1st–3rd centuries. The site’s higher terraces offer views of surrounding olive groves. Nearby Sétif has a lovely museum with artifacts from Djémila and mosaics collected from the region. Taming the steep trail to Djémila’s forum and temple is rewarded by cool mountain air. Plan at least half a day here; combine with Sétif city (hotel and museum) or continue east toward Constantine.
Timgad & Lambaesis: Timgad, in Algeria’s mountainous interior, is often called “the Pompeii of Africa.” This UNESCO Roman ruin, founded by Emperor Trajan, is laid out on a perfect grid. The agora, theater, and triumphal arches are complemented by vast green lawns in summer. Climb to the top of the capitol ruins for a view down the cardo (main street). Nearby, visit Lambèse, an ancient legionary camp and Roman town, where columns and baths lie in silent fields. Both are best explored with a guide or good map; signposts are limited. The highland air here is very cool in summer, so Timgad makes a pleasant contrast to the heat below.
Ghardaïa & the M’Zab Valley (UNESCO): A must-see for its unique culture. The M’Zab is a string of five oases towns (most tourists see one or two). Stay in Ghardaïa, the largest, to experience Ibadi Berber urban life. The town is famous for its ksar (fortified old city) built of mudbrick. Walk through the souk where local women in colorful robes sell dates, cosmetics, and textiles. Visit the sugar-coating factory (for the famous Ghardaïa dates) and the market of wedding jewelry. Ghardaïa’s skyline is marked by white minarets that taper at the top. Other M’Zab towns (El Atteuf, Melika, Beni Isguen, Bounoura) can be seen by road; each has its own charm. Ghardaïa is an excellent base for a day exploring these villages with a guide, who can explain local customs (e.g. areas women don’t enter, funeral traditions). The M’Zab dates from medieval times but lives on as a functional community – it’s like stepping into a living museum of desert life.
Timimoun (Grand Erg Occidental): Known as “the Red City,” Timimoun lies at the edge of the vast Grand Erg Occidental dunes. The town’s ochre buildings with traditional geometric motifs look as if made of clay. From here, dune landscapes of red sand stretch for miles. At sunset, the dunes glow deep orange. Adventurous travelers can arrange 4×4 tours or overnight camel treks into the desert. Nearby, a salt lake (Sebkha) often dries and leaves vast white flats. Timimoun also holds the S’Boue Festival (late summer) – a local celebration with music and dancing on the sand. The evenings are pleasantly cool, making that date-harvest festival a special time to visit. A handful of small hotels and tent camps cater to travelers; amenities are simple but lodges often provide warm hospitality.
Taghit & Beni Abbes: In the western desert, Taghit is famous for soaring golden dunes that rise right above the village. The dunes form natural amphitheaters, and it’s popular to hike one at dawn. At the top you get a sweeping panorama of the Sahara. Taghit also has two ancient ksars (fortified casbahs) to explore and a small oasis of palms. A short drive away is Beni Abbes, another oasis town once home to French writer Jean Sénac. It has a museum dedicated to local culture and the famous Château of M. Graziani (pre-independence governor). Beni Abbes sits by the river that feeds Taghit’s palms. Both towns offer guesthouses and the unique experience of desert life along riverbanks.
Tassili n’Ajjer & Djanet (UNESCO): Perhaps Algeria’s most celebrated wilderness. Tassili n’Ajjer is a vast national park and biosphere, known for its astonishing prehistoric rock art (over 15,000 petroglyphs and paintings, some up to 15,000 years old). These images, from camel hunters to stylized cattle, are up among red sandstone mesas and mushroom-like rock formations. Because Tassili lies deep in the Sahara near the Libyan border, travel here is only by guided desert tour. Most visitors fly or drive to Djanet, the desert oasis town at Tassili’s doorstep. Djanet has simple hotels and supports tour operators. From Djanet, 4×4 expeditions (often camelback for part) venture into remote canyons like the famous Afar and Tin Akachir, where rock art is visible. Camping under starry skies is magical but nights get very cold, so heed guides’ packing lists. Visas or permits through a tour company are required for Tassili. Even if you don’t see every panel, the surreal landscapes — towering gorges, eroded fins, hidden springs — justify the trip.
Tamanrasset & the Hoggar: South of Djanet lies Tamanrasset, capital of the Ahaggar (Hoggar) mountains and Tuareg heartland. The town has a relaxed feel, with date palms and markets selling Tuareg crafts. About 60 km south is Assekrem, a mountain ridge with a hermit’s hut built by the French priest Charles de Foucauld. A short climb from the refuge rewards hikers with arguably the Sahara’s grandest sunrise: the sun emerging behind an endless sea of dunes and volcano-shaped peaks. Another nearby peak, Tahat (Atakor), is Algeria’s highest point (around 2900 m) and popular with trekkers. Unlike Tassili, you can travel in Hoggar with a simpler organized day trip (some guides use 4×4 jeep tours from Tamanrasset, though camel and mule treks exist). The nights atop Assekrem drop well below freezing, so warm layers are essential. Tamanrasset’s People’s Market (built in a volcanic crater called “Le crique”) is also worth visiting for local cuisine (try camel-meat sandwiches).
Oran (The Mediterranean Capital): Algeria’s second city, Oran, is a lively port on the northwest coast. It blends Spanish colonial buildings, Ottoman-era mosques, and modern boulevards. Notable sights include the Santa Cruz fort (overlooking the sea and city), the 18th-century Mosque of St. Euchariste (Cathedral), and a bustling Marche de l’Horloge (Central Market). Oran is also the birthplace of raï music – you may find bars or cafes playing this energetic folk style after dark. An evening stroll along the seaside corniche, with the castle lights above, is delightful. From Oran you can day-trip to the Spanish fort ruins at Mers el-Kebir or the dunes of Macta further south.
Annaba and Hippo Regius: On the eastern coast, Annaba (ancient Hippo) is Algeria’s window to the fertile Mediterranean coast. Its Roman heritage, especially the vast ruins of Hippo Regius (where St. Augustine was bishop), is impressive. You can wander among the remains of basilicas and baths by the sea. Modern Annaba also boasts a wide sandy beach (La Corniche) and the Basilica of Our Lady of Africa, a striking Catholic church on a hill. Try the local specialty, gambas (shrimp) from the harbor restaurants. For more beach time, head east to the resort area of El Kala (national park with lakes and beaches), just across the Tunisian border.
Bejaia & Gouraya National Park: Between Algiers and Constantine on the coast, Bejaia sits at the foot of dramatic mountains that rise straight from the sea. It’s a great base to hike Gouraya National Park. Trails from Gouraya and Yemma Gouraya peaks afford views of Bejaia bay and the Mediterranean. The park is home to a population of endangered Barbary macaques (monkeys) – see them in trees near picnic sites. The town of Bejaia itself has a pleasant old port and a museum housed in the Castle of the Sultan, with exhibits on local history. Nearby Cap Carbon lighthouse overlooks the bay and is accessible by a scenic walk. Don’t miss the frescoed caves of El-Kef el-Ahmar not far from town, with underground chambers full of prehistoric paintings.
Kabylie (Djurdjura) Region: North of Algiers, the Kabylie region (also known as Djurdjura) is a mountainous area with lush cedar forests, Roman ruins, and proud Amazigh (Berber) culture. Villages like Tizi Ouzou, Taourirt Ighil, and Ait Menguellet offer hiking among olive and fig groves, and local craft cooperatives (carpet weaving is famous here). The tomb of King Juba II in Tiddis (outside Constantine) can be visited in passing. If you have a rental car, take winding roads through the Middle Atlas-like scenery, stopping for mint tea and honey pastries in roadside cottages. Kabylie is off the main tourist radar, so you’ll likely be the only foreigner on a hike among children herding goats or farmers tilling fields.

Each of these places tells a part of Algeria’s story – from Roman empire outposts to Berber kingdoms to colonial ports. Weather permitting, most are best visited in daylight (except perhaps Oran or Algiers at sunset). Allocate your time by prioritizing those that interest you most, and allow travel days for the vast distances.

Sample Itineraries

For travelers wondering how to weave these highlights together, here are sample roadmaps for different trip lengths. These are suggestions only; adjust for flights, interests, and pace.

7-day Highlights:

Algiers (2 days): Explore the Casbah (Ketchaoua Mosque, Kasbah Museum), stroll the seafront, and visit the Martyrs’ Memorial.
Tipasa (day trip): Morning drive or bus to Tipasa; visit ruins and mausoleum; return to Algiers evening.
Constantine (2 days): Fly or overnight train east to Constantine. Visit Suspension Bridge, Cirta Museum, and Grand Mosque.
Djemila or Timgad (1 day): Drive or bus from Constantine into nearby mountains to one of these Roman sites (Djemila is closer). Explore and head back to Constantine (or continue to Setif).

Return Home: Fly from Constantine or take train to Algiers for departure.

10-day Roman North + M’Zab Loop:
1–4. As per 7-day itinerary (Algiers & Tipasa, Constantine, Djemila).

Timgad: Depart Constantine east to Timgad (split day between travel and ruins).
Setif: En route or next day, visit Setif’s mosaics and museum. Overnight there or Bousaada.
Ghardaïa: Fly or drive south to Ghardaïa. Overnight to experience the oasis town.
M’Zab Valley: Day tour of Ghardaïa and surrounding M’Zab towns (each has a distinctive ksar).
Return North: Fly Ghardaïa to Algiers or road trip north via Laghouat, depending on logistics.

Algiers/Depart: Rest day in Algiers or catch your flight home.

14-day Grand Tour (North + Sahara):
1–8. As per 10-day itinerary.

Timimoun (Sahara Red Dunes): From Ghardaïa, fly or drive to Timimoun (ambitious drive, so often via charter flight).
Timimoun: Full day in town and dunes (or if flown in, rest of day). Optional S’Boue festival if dates align.
Taghit/Beni Abbes: Travel to Taghit’s dunes; spend evening climbing a dune for sunset. Overnight in Taghit.

Return to Algiers: Fly out of Béchar (near Taghit) or drive via Oran back east.
13–14. Djanet/Tassili extension: If arranged in advance (and if you have extra days), instead of heading north, a 3-day expedition can be done from Tamanrasset or Ghardaïa to Djanet and Tassili, with camping under the stars and guided canyon treks. (Note: This requires additional permits and planning.) Or, use these days to relax in Algiers, Oran, or take a brief Kabylie excursion before departing.
Sahara-Only Week (Djanet/Hoggar Focus):

Algiers to Djanet: Fly via Algiers to Djanet. Afternoon free to explore town.
2–4. Tassili Trek: Join a guided tour in Djanet. Head into Tassili’s canyons by 4×4. Camp or stay in nomad camp, trek to see rock art panels (African cattle, round-headed people). Carry a flashlight – some sites are best visited at dawn.
To Tamanrasset: Drive or fly to Tamanrasset.
Hoggar Excursions: Dawn at Assekrem (watch thousands of stars fade and rise). Afternoon visit local market or nomad villages.
Return Flight: Back to Algiers via Tamanrasset or direct (seasonal), then onward home.

Each itinerary blends culture and scenery. Algeria’s public transport may not match Western schedules, so consider hiring local drivers on multi-day legs for flexibility. Early booking of flights is wise, as domestic seats fill fast in peak seasons.

Food & Drink

Algerian cuisine is hearty and flavorful, reflecting Mediterranean, Arab, Berber, and French influences. Here are essentials:

Staple Dishes: The ubiquitous couscous (steamed semolina with vegetable stew, often topped with lamb or chicken) is widely served on Fridays and special occasions. Chorba is a warming soup of tomatoes, herbs, and meat – perfect for a light lunch. Tajines (stews cooked in clay pots) feature lamb or chicken with dried fruits and nuts. Street-side brik (crispy pastry stuffed with egg, tuna, and parsley) makes a popular snack. Breakfast might include khobz (bread) with olive oil or honey, and sweet mint tea.
Meat & Seafood: Lamb and beef are common; chicken less so. In Saharan towns, camel meat and milk products are specialties (try camel tagine or a mild camel steak). In coastal areas like Annaba or Bejaia, fresh seafood is excellent: grilled fish, sardines, shrimp, calamari. Look for beachfront shacks selling ‘frites de mer’ – fried fish and chips with lemon.
Vegetables & Legumes: Vegetarian options are plentiful: grilled tomatoes, potatoes, zucchini, eggplant. Mint tea (green tea with lots of sugar and mint sprigs) is the national drink for refreshments. Coffee, usually Turkish-style, is available but sweetened heavily by habit.
Breads & Pastries: Bread comes freshly from communal ovens. Try kesra (round flatbread) and msemmen (flaky pancake, often eaten with honey or jam). For sweet treats, try makroudh (semolina and date cake), baklava, and local preserves like fig or quince jelly. Algerians have a sweet tooth – plates of dates are often offered with tea.
Alcohol: While Algeria is not a party destination, there are beers (labelled “pils” or local brands) and wines (rose and reds) in larger restaurants and some hotels. Alcohol is less prevalent than in Europe; in small towns especially, you may not find any. Drinking in public is taboo. If you wish to drink, plan to do so privately (e.g., with friends in a riad) or at licensed venues.
Ramadan Considerations: During Ramadan (approx. November 2025 for 29–30 days), tourists may find daytime eating difficult outside hotels. Once the sun sets, city nightlife livens up: Iftar buffets and sweets like zlabia (sugar dough fritters) appear. Respect local customs by not eating or drinking in public during daylight.

Sample meal plan in Algiers: Couscous lunch at a local gasthaus; mid-afternoon coffee/tea with makroudh; harira soup and grilled lamb chops for dinner. Breakfast might be just tea and bread. Always ask if dishes are halal (pork is illegal in Algeria, alcohol isn’t in cooked meals).

Algerian Baklawa

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Bourek - Brik (dyoul-pastry triangles filled with potato, tuna or minced meat)

Algerian Bourek (Brik)

Bourek (also spelled borek or brik) are golden, triangle-shaped pastries that stand among the most beloved snacks in Algeria. Each bourek is a delicate crisp ...

Bourek laadjine (yeasted-dough pastry cigars)

Algerian Bourek Laadjine

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Berkoukes / Aïch

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Chakhchoukha

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Chorba Beïda (“white” chicken-vermicelli soup of Algiers)

Chorba Beïda (White Chicken Soup)

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Chorba Frik (lamb-tomato soup with green wheat)

Chorba Frik (Lamb & Freekeh Soup)

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Couscous / Seksou / Kesksu

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Dolma & Farcis

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Doubara (spicy chick-peabroad-bean stew of Biskra)

Doubara (Spicy Algerian Chickpea Stew)

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Ghribia (Montecaos)

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Harira (Algerian version—no lentils—thickened with egg & flour)

Harira (Algerian-Style Soup with Egg & Flour)

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Kalb el Louz (Chamia)

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Karantika (Garantita)

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Kesra (Khobz Ftîr)

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Khobz el-Dâr

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Makroudh

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Makrout el Louz

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Matloue / Khobz Tajine

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Mchawcha (Kabyle honey-soaked skillet cake)

Mchawcha (Kabyle Tahboult)

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Mechoui

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Merguez (spicy lambbeef sausages, grilled)

Merguez (Spicy Algerian Sausages)

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Mhadjeb / Mahjouba

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Msemmen & Baghrir (layered pan-fried squares; leavened “thousand-hole” crêpes)

Msemmen (Layered Pancakes)

Msemen (sometimes called Msammen or Rghaif) is a layered square pancake beloved across Algeria and North Africa. This flatbread is made by repeatedly flattening and ...

Rechta

Rechta (from Arabic reeshta, meaning “thread”) is a signature dish of Algiers and Blida, though it is enjoyed throughout Algeria with regional twists. Legend attributes ...

Sfenj (ring-shaped unsweetened doughnuts)

Sfenj – Algerian Ring Doughnuts

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Tajine Lham Lahlou / Tajine Hlou

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Tcharak - Dziriat (almond-filled crescent or tartlets)

Tcharek el Aarian

Tcharek el Aarian (often shortened to tcharek) are traditional Algerian crescent cookies filled with spiced almond paste. Each cookie starts as a triangle of tender ...

Zlabia

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Zviti (bread pounded with tomato-chilli in a wooden mortar)

Zviti (Algerian Mortar Salad)

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Where to Stay (by region and style)

Accommodation in Algeria ranges from budget hostels and mid-priced hotels to a few boutique options. Plans should reflect both region and style:

City Hotels (Algiers, Oran, Constantine, etc.): Expect a mix of French-era boutique hotels, modern high-rises, and local business inns. In Algiers, areas like Hydra or El Biar have international-style hotels (Palais des Nations, El Djazaïr Hotel) with rates $80–$150+. Midrange hotels downtown may go for $40–$60 per night. Book in advance for major events (e.g. independence day). Amenities can be basic: hot water and wifi are usually available but check if needed. Many older hotels offer charm – a lobby chandelier, a view of the bay – but can lack elevators. In smaller cities, options are more limited: call ahead.
Riads & Guesthouses: In the Casbah of Algiers and old medina quarters, a few riad-style guesthouses operate (often run by families). These offer an authentic feel with courtyards and home-cooked meals, but expect simple rooms. Timimoun and Djanet have small desert lodges with Bedouin tents or clay cottages, giving a sense of local life. Often these desert lodges include meals.
Oasis Lodges & Desert Camps: In Sahara oases (Ghardaïa, Taghit, Timimoun, Beni Abbes, Djanet), lodging is typically low-key. A dozen or so family-run hotels or “auberges” charge modest rates (think $20–$50 per night). Book a Sahara tour that bundles a basic lodge or simply find one upon arrival. For true adventure, desert “camping” is an option: agencies set up Berber tent camps. These range from no-frills (sleeping bags on mats under canvas) to “glamping” with beds and tents. Expect a shared bathroom at best. Evenings are free for stargazing around a fire.
Mountain Refuge (Assekrem) & Trekking: If you trek in Hoggar or Tassili, there are simple mountain huts and monasteries (e.g. Assekrem Hut). They provide tea and a mattress; you bring your own sleeping bag. Reservations often go through the guesthouse that supplies your guide (e.g. Travel Desert in Tamanrasset).
Practical Tips: Hot water may be unpredictable in budget lodging, so be flexible. Power outages can occur; bring a flashlight. Some hotels have backup generators. Many smaller inns take only cash or Algerian bank transfers, so have dinar on hand. Checking online (TripAdvisor, Booking.com) can help gauge quality, but few reviews exist in English; local tour forums may give hints. Above all, work with reputable operators or at least get a recommendation for lodging when in the field.

Festivals & Events Calendar

Algeria’s cultural calendar has lively events that reveal local traditions. If you time your visit right, you’ll gain unforgettable experiences beyond sightseeing:

Sebeiba (Djanet): The Sebeiba is arguably Algeria’s most colorful festival. Held in Djanet (Tassili region) each fall (dates vary with Ramadan; in 2025 it falls around late September/November), it reenacts a Tuareg tribal dance and communal healing ceremony dating back centuries. Five tribal groups parade wearing bright turbans and face paint, dancing to drums and flutes. The atmosphere is festive, with games and communal feasts. Plan ahead: Entry to Djanet requires special authorization, and accommodations are scarce. If attending Sebeiba, book a tour package that includes festival access, and arrive a day early to secure lodging. Visitors should dress modestly and follow instructions from festival organizers (public photography is tolerated but polite to ask).
S’Boue (Timimoun): The S’Boue or “debauchery” festival in Timimoun is a summer celebration (typically August) centered on date-harvest and desert culture. Locals dress up and parade through town; traditional dances on horseback or camels in the surrounding dunes often accompany it. The name implies breaking normal routines – expect street fairs, traditional music, and joyous chaos. For travelers, it’s a chance to see Saharan Amazigh traditions firsthand, though the event is geared toward Algerian families. Timimoun’s hotels may host special menus or concerts during this time. Even if S’Boue isn’t on your schedule, visiting Timimoun in late summer will still mean energetic local life.
Yennayer (Amazigh New Year): Celebrated on January 12 or 13 (Amazigh calendar), Yennayer is now a public holiday. Families cook couscous with seven vegetables (symbolizing prosperity) and visit relatives. Smaller villages may have folk music or storytelling sessions. It’s a civil holiday rather than a grand public festival, but experiencing a traditional meal at a local home is possible if you have the right local contacts. The national Amazigh Heritage Day (April 24) sees cultural performances around the country.
Religious and National Holidays:

Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha: Islamic holidays have large family gatherings and communal prayers; tourists will find closed shops on the holidays themselves but open celebrations at night.
Independence Day (July 5): Algeria marks liberation from France with parades and ceremonies in major cities. The atmosphere can be patriotic but is generally open to spectators.

Revolution Day (Nov 1): Commemorates the start of the independence war (1954). Schools and public institutions may close.
Other Notables: Check for events like the Saharan Tourism Festival (winter in Timimoun) and regional music or film festivals, though these can be small or irregular. In Oran, the Rai Festival (date varies) celebrates the local music genre. Keep an eye on local tourism boards or the embassy cultural calendar for any concerts or exhibitions; Algiers in particular sometimes hosts international film or jazz festivals.

Attending an Algerian festival requires flexibility: English-language information is scant, so use a guide or local fixer. Dress conservatively, be patient with schedules (start times may slip), and most of all, enjoy the hospitality of people eager to share their culture.

Adventure & Outdoors

Beyond cities and ruins, Algeria offers thrilling adventures for outdoor enthusiasts, from moonlike deserts to forested mountains.

Desert Trekking & Meharée (Camel Safaris): The classic Algerian adventure is a multi-day crossing of the Sahara. In Djanet and Timimoun you can arrange camel treks or 4×4 circuits. A “meharée” is a traditional camel caravan expedition, often lasting 2–4 days with nights at nomadic camps. You’ll ride dromedaries, carry supplies by camel, and learn desert navigation. A modern variant uses 4×4 jeeps for transport but still camps in the dunes. Climatic caution: even in winter, nights can approach freezing, so gear up. Food is simple – mostly couscous, bread, tea – as per a nomad’s diet. Trekking off-road also means staying on the move; do not stray from caravans due to dangerous terrain (soft sand, sudden ravines, or disorientation). For first-timers, companies like Aero Sahara (Djanet) or Tiddukla Tours (Timimoun) have English-speaking guides.
Rock Art Ethics: If trekking in Tassili or Hoggar, you’ll encounter rare prehistoric paintings. Respect is paramount. Follow your guide’s advice exactly: do not touch or lean on rock surfaces, as oils from skin can damage the art. No climbing on painted walls. Dispose of any waste in bins or carry it back – litter is a serious offense in protected sites. Learn a little about the rock art’s significance (guidebooks or on-site plaques help) and treat it as a sacred heritage rather than just a photo-op. The Algerian government, in partnership with UNESCO, considers these caves and canyons priceless; as a traveler, your awareness helps preserve them.
Hiking Mountains: The Atlas ranges beckon hikers. In Kabylie (Djurdjura), trails lead through cedar forests to summits with panoramic views. Gorges like Tikjda (near Chréa) have marked paths to mountaintop picnic spots. If visiting Hoggar, aside from Assekrem (a 1–2 hour hike from the Assekrem guest hut), there are day treks to natural arches, canyons, and crater lakes. In summer, mountain hikes are cooler than the valleys, but in winter snow can block high passes – local guides will know seasonal access. Always carry water and sun protection; dehydration is a risk even in leafy forests.
Coastal & National Parks: On the north coast, try the Gouraya National Park above Bejaia for easy trails to limestone peaks and secluded beaches. Lake Fetzara (near Annaba) draws birdwatchers. The Tlemcen area (west) features ruins like Mansoura Fortress and hidden waterfalls (Haïzer Plateau). The Sahara fringe even has wadis (dry riverbeds) like Oued Tembent (near Timimoun) where rock pools form after rains – daring swimmers take a dip!
Adventure Sports: Though still niche, some activities exist. Rock climbing and bouldering are possible in mountainous areas around Oran or Constantine (e.g. Tadmait gorge). Skiing in Chréa is possible when snow falls (usually Jan–Feb); slopes are modest, so bring your own gear. For cycling, coastal roads and leveled desert tracks offer quiet routes – however, self-sufficiency is key (carry spare tires and fuel).
Wildlife & Nature: Keep an eye out for Algeria’s fauna. Barbary sheep roam the Hoggar; rare bearded vultures (the “Algier eagle”) may circle cliff faces. In Gouraya Park, wild Barbary macaques scamper near trails. Coastal waters host loggerhead turtles (protected; do not disturb nesting sites). In any national park, follow rules: stay on paths, do not feed animals, and carry out any trash.

Adventure in Algeria is as much about the journey as the challenge. Whether you’re camel-trekking into silence or cresting a Saharan dune, remember that the environment is fragile. Book with responsible outfitters who share local knowledge without causing harm.

Responsible Travel & Sustainability

Visiting Algeria’s natural wonders and communities comes with a duty of care. Here are best practices to minimize your footprint and maximize positive impact:

Leave No Trace: In camps and cities alike, carry out all your trash. Desert winds can whip wrappers and plastics far across dunes, endangering wildlife. Even paper should not be discarded. Bring a reusable water bottle and refill it when you can; bottled water is ubiquitous, but plastic use can be reduced. Campfires in the Sahara are traditionally used, but when camping, either build fires only where permitted or use portable burners if possible. Use biodegradable soap for washing, and bury human waste in discrete, deep holes at least 100 meters from water sources.
Water Conservation: Algeria has scarce water, especially in the south. Hotel rooms often have buckets or low-flow showers; use them prudently. If your lodge offers a bucket bath, take it as it is the norm. At remote sites, ask guides how they manage water – they will usually plan rationing.
Support Local Economies: The real benefit of tourism should reach ordinary Algerians. Buy handicrafts (carpets, ceramics, woodwork) directly from artisans or cooperatives rather than street vendors selling imported trinkets. In Berber villages, paying a small fee to take a photo of a traditional workshop is respectful. Eat at family-run restaurants and stay in guesthouses if possible (even if basic, your money goes into the community). When booking tours, choose companies that employ local drivers and guides rather than foreign-run firms. Tipping well (beyond local expectations if you can afford) is appreciated – it directly supports a family.
Respectful Engagement: Learn a few polite Arabic phrases and use them. At holy sites or private ceremonies (like wedding celebrations or even Sebeiba events), follow elders’ cues. Don’t wander into a religious procession or tribal gathering uninvited. Ask your guide’s permission before filming or interviewing people, especially women and children. Dress modestly as noted, and always walk on the right in shops and crowds (Algerians drive on the right too).
Environmental Awareness: Many Algerian ecosystems are fragile. Tread lightly on sandy dunes (avoid leaving deep tracks) and fragile mountain soils (stay on established trails). Do not remove any flora, stones, or fossils. Note that some areas may also have mines from past conflicts – only travel with a guide who knows safe paths.

Algeria is in the early stages of sustainable tourism. By traveling responsibly – respecting both the environment and local culture – you help ensure that communities welcome visitors for generations. Act as a guest in someone’s home: generous and careful.

Packing List (Men/Women; City/Sahara)

When visiting Algeria, packing thoughtfully ensures comfort across its varied climates and customs:

Clothing (City/Rural): Lightweight long pants and long-sleeved shirts (cotton or linen) protect from sun and respect modesty. Women should pack at least one headscarf or shawl (for mosques or windy deserts), and stick to blouses that cover shoulders. Men: quick-dry pants, T-shirts, and one dressier outfit for nicer restaurants. In cooler cities (winter nights in Algiers can reach 5°C), include a sweater or light jacket. In summer or the desert, bring a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and buff or scarf for sun and dust. A windbreaker is useful in the Sahara at night.
Sahara Gear: For desert treks, bring a warm sleeping bag (temperatures can drop below freezing), a headlamp, and extra batteries. Dust-proof camera and phone cases (or zip-lock bags) protect electronics. Footwear: A good pair of sturdy, broken-in hiking boots is essential for dunes and trails; a pair of sturdy sandals or walking shoes is fine for cities. White tube socks can be pulled up over sandals in desert to keep out sand.
Toiletries: Include high-SPF sunscreen, lip balm with SPF, and non-graphic insect repellent. Personal hygiene items (wet wipes, sanitizer) are handy for long drives. Prescription medicines (bring enough for the trip) and a basic first-aid kit (bandages, antiseptic, altitude sickness pills if trekking in Hoggar). Altitude in Tassili/Djanet is moderate (1300–1500 m), but Hoggar peaks hit 2900 m, so altitude headaches are possible on those hikes.
Documents & Miscellaneous: Carry printouts of visa, passport copies, and travel insurance. A small lock for luggage. Power banks for recharging devices (electricity can fail or be unavailable during desert camping). A phrasebook or offline translation app. A small notebook and pen for jotting directions if language is a barrier.
Women’s Kit: Modest swimwear (if using hotel pools or Mediterranean beaches, a conservative swimsuit and cover-up are advised). Enough sanitary supplies (store brands may be limited). A light travel scarf doubles as both head cover and blanket in cold places.

Leave any valuables (wedding rings, expensive jewelry) at home. Cash is king in Algeria, so secure wallets and belts or pouches are useful. Pack light and layer: you’ll be gaining and shedding garments as temperature swings between Sahara days and city nights.

All Your Algeria Questions, Answered (FAQ)

Is Algeria safe right now? In major cities and tourist routes, yes, with normal precautions. The US State Department advises avoiding eastern/southern border regions and deep Sahara due to terrorism risk. In practice, travelers report that sticking to the tourist trail is safe. Avoid border towns, travel with reputable guides in remote areas, and keep updated via travel advisories or your embassy.
Can I cross from Morocco to Algeria? No. The Morocco–Algeria land border has been closed since 1994 and remains shut. There is no legal crossing point. Travelers must fly into Algeria or come via Tunisia, Libya, or Mauritania. (Note: Some political talks occur occasionally, but as of 2025 the border is officially closed.)
Do I need a visa? How to apply? Yes, citizens of the US, UK, EU, Australia, Canada etc. need a pre-arranged visa. Apply at an Algerian embassy with passport copies, photos, and especially a letter of invitation or travel agency sponsorship. Processing can take weeks. There is no reliable visa-on-arrival or e-visa yet for most. Consider booking a tour that offers visa assistance.
What about ferry routes from Spain/France? Ferries serve Algeria’s Mediterranean ports. Popular routes: Oran–Almeria (Spain), Algiers–Marseille (France), Oran–Palma de Mallorca. Seasonal connections exist from Algiers or Bejaia to Marseille and Barcelona. Ferries are slower but can be cost-effective, especially with vehicles. Always check schedules via companies like Algerie Ferries, as routes vary by year.
When is the best time for Tassili n’Ajjer? The cool months (Oct–Nov, Feb–Mar) are ideal. Days are pleasantly warm (20°C) and nights cool. In July/August, daytime heat in the Tassili plateau can exceed 40°C – dangerously hot for hiking. Winters nights drop below 10°C, so pack warm clothing. Spring brings mild weather, but occasional strong winds can kick up dust. Aim for late October or March for the best balance.
Is skiing possible (Chréa)? Yes, but on a small scale. The Chréa National Park has a modest ski area near the town of Chréa. Snowfall is irregular; after a heavy storm, the slopes are open for locals. Equipment rental exists in Blida (city at park entrance). Think of it as a novelty – the vertical drop is minor. Check local news or call ahead in January/February to see if conditions permit. Alternatively, cross-country skiing is an option if deep snow falls.
SIM card and coverage outside cities? In rural zones, Djezzy often has better range, so choose that if you plan to go far south. Mobilis and Ooredoo also work well in cities. All offer data. Remember that Sahara can have large service gaps: don’t expect a signal in mid-desert canyons. Buy a local SIM (with passport) in Algiers or at the airport. Activate it immediately so you have a working line – sometimes registration verification via call or text is needed at purchase.
Should I use banks or the parallel market for currency? Use both wisely. For small amounts (taxis, tips, shopping), official exchange or ATMs is safe and legal. For larger chunks, locals often advise exchanging euros via black-market rates (sometimes called taux parallèle) for a better value. If you do this, do it through a reputable intermediary, ideally with witnesses. Avoid carrying wads of foreign notes – convert only what you need in a transaction. Always keep some cash on you; card machines are not ubiquitous and can fail.
Mosque entry rules, dress code, Ramadan tips? Non-Muslims are welcome at certain historic mosques (confirm first). Always remove shoes and cover head/shoulders (women) if entering. During Ramadan, plan meals after sunset and respect fasting. Restaurants can still serve buffet-style in hotels, but street vendors won’t offer food by day. Dress more conservatively during Ramadan as a gesture of respect.
Can I fly a drone? Algeria’s laws require special permits to fly drones. In practice, bringing a drone without authorization is risky – authorities have been known to confiscate them. The process to get permission involves multiple government departments and is impractical for most travelers. It’s safer to enjoy photography from ground level or use a handheld GoPro.
Are there photography restrictions? Yes. Avoid photographing military sites, police, and government facilities. Border areas are high-security. Always ask before photographing people; if in doubt, a quick thumbs-up or wave is a polite way to ask. In deserts and old towns, you have more freedom. Respect signage – if a museum or mausoleum says “no photos,” abide by it.
Electricity, voltage, time zone: Algeria is on UTC+1 (same as Central Europe). Electricity is 230V/50Hz with Type C (two-round-pin) outlets. Carry a plug adapter if needed.
Travel insurance – recommended? Highly recommended. Especially if trekking or camping, cover for emergency airlift can be essential. Medical facilities in rural areas are basic; insurance can ensure evacuation if needed.

Glossary & Useful Phrases (Arabic, French, Kabyle basics)

As-salāmu ʿalaykum – “Hello” / “Peace be upon you.” Respond: Wa ʿalaykum as-salām.
Shukran (شكرا) – Thank you. (French “Merci” is also understood.)
Bslama (بسلامة) – Goodbye / Go in peace.
Naam / La – Yes / No.
Afak (عفاك) – Please (Darja Arabic, informal).
Min fadlak – Please (Formal Arabic).
La shukran – No, thank you.
Kam? (كم؟) – How much? (used in markets).
Mā-affham – I don’t understand.
La (لا) / Naa’am (نعم) – No / Yes.
Shwiya (شوية) – A little / slowly. (Use to politely ask someone to repeat slowly).
Labas? (لاباس؟) – “How are you?” (Reply “Labas,” meaning “Fine.”)
Bismillah – “In the name of God” (said before eating or starting something).
Llah ibark fik – “Thank you” (response to thanks, meaning “God bless you”).
Arezki (أرزقي) – Bread. (Helpful word when you need bread in rural areas.)
Sahtaine (صحتين) – “Double health” (phrase like “Bon appétit,” said to someone eating).

With these phrases and tips in hand, you’ll be ready to explore Algeria with confidence. Its history and landscapes are well worth the effort – the memories of vibrant kasbahs, desert nights, and friendly encounters will linger long after the trip ends. Safe travels and bonne route!

Algiers

Algiers, Algeria's administrative, political, and financial center, epitomizes the rich past and energetic modernism of North Africa. Originally on the Maghreb coast of the Bay ...