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Canada

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Canada, situated in North America, is recognized for its extensive landscapes and varied cultural heritage. Canada, the world’s second-largest country by total area, extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and reaches northward into the Arctic Ocean. The longest coastline of the world balances this huge landmass to provide a special fusion of natural beauty and ecological diversity. The world’s longest international land border, the nation’s southern one with the United States reflects a long-standing relationship between the two countries.

Canada’s geographical variety is matched by its climatic fluctuations, which span temperate southern areas to polar conditions in the north. The nation is distinguished by a great variety of geological and meteorological zones, ranging from dense forests to great mountain ranges to vast plains. With only over 41 million people, most of whom live in metropolitan areas south of the 55th parallel, Canada is thinly populated despite its great size. Serving as cultural and economic hubs, Ottawa, the capital city, together with Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, form the biggest metropolitan areas in the nation.

Indigenous people who have lived on Canada for thousands of years define its history in great detail. Important changes started with the entrance of European adventurers in the sixteenth century. Armed conflicts resulted from British and French expeditions exploring and then settling along the Atlantic coast. These tensions came to a head when France gave almost all of her North American colonies to other countries in 1763. A turning point in Canada’s history was its founding as a federal dominion in 1867 by means of three British North American colonies’ union. Emphasized by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and the Canada Act of 1982, which cut the last legal ties to the British Parliament, this event started a process of expansion and growing autonomy from the United Kingdom.

Under Westminster tradition, Canada functions as a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. Appointed by the governor general, who stands in for the ceremonial head of state, the prime minister is the head of government. With official English and French at the federal level, this system highlights Canada’s status as a Commonwealth realm. Globally, Canada is quite well-known for its government openness, quality of living, economic competitiveness, creativity, education, and gender equality. Large-scale immigration has produced the nation’s cosmopolitanism, which makes it among the most ethnically diverse nations on Earth.

Canada’s history, economy, and culture have been much shaped by its relationship with the United States. Deep economic ties and shared cultural values define this complicated relationship while yet preserving unique national identities. Rising among the developed nations worldwide, Canada boasts a high nominal per capita income and a sophisticated economy. The economy depends on plenty of natural resources and solid international trade systems.

A middle power, Canada is dedicated to multilateralism and internationalism and shows this in its foreign policy priorities of aid for underdeveloped nations and peacekeeping. The nation clearly shows its commitment to these values by actively supporting global cooperation and sustainable development by means of several international organizations and forums.

Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)

Currency

July 1, 1867

Founded

+1

Calling code

41,012,563

Population

9,984,670 km2 (3,855,100 sq mi)

Area

English and French

Official language

Highest point: Mount Logan at 5,959 meters

Elevation

UTC−3.5 to −8 • Summer (DST) UTC−2.5 to −7

Time zone

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