Lithuania

Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe with a land size of 65,200 square kilometers (25,200 sq mi). It is located between 53° and 57° north latitude, and mainly between 21° and 27° east longitude (part of the Curonian Spit is located west of 21°). It has a sandy coastline of approximately 99 kilometers (61.5 miles), with just around 38 kilometers (24 miles) facing the open Baltic Sea, which is less than the other two Baltic Sea nations. The Curonian sand peninsula protects the remainder of the shore. Klaipda, Lithuania’s main warm-water port, is located at the narrow entrance of the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuanian: Kuri marios), a shallow lagoon that stretches from Kaliningrad to the south. The Nemunas River, the country’s major and biggest river, and several of its tributaries carry international shipping.

Lithuania is located at the northernmost point of the North European Plain. Its terrain, which is a mix of mild plains and highlands, was polished by glaciers during the previous ice age. Auktojas Hill, at 294 meters (965 feet) in the eastern portion of the nation, is the country’s highest point. Numerous lakes (such as Lake Vitytis) and marshes dot the landscape, and a mixed forest zone occupies almost 33% of the nation.

Jean-George Affholder, a scientist at the Institut Géographique National (French National Geographic Institute), determined that the geographic centre of Europe was in Lithuania, at 54°54′N 25°19′E, 26 kilometers (16 miles) north of Lithuania’s capital city of Vilnius, after a re-estimation of the continent’s boundaries in 1989. Affholder achieved this by estimating the geometrical figure of Europe’s center of gravity.

Lithuania has a moderate climate that alternates between marine and continental. In January, the average temperature on the shore is 2.5 degrees Celsius (27.5 degrees Fahrenheit) while in July, it is 16 degrees Celsius (61 degrees Fahrenheit). The average temperature in Vilnius is 6 degrees Celsius (21 degrees Fahrenheit) in January and 17 degrees Celsius (63 degrees Fahrenheit) in July. During the summer, temperatures may rise as high as 30 or 35 °C (86 or 95 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night; in the past, temperatures have gone as high as 30 or 35 °C (86 or 95 °F). Winters may be extremely chilly in certain areas. Almost every winter, temperatures of 20 °C (4 °F) are recorded. Winter extremes in Lithuania are 34 °C (29 °F) in coastal regions and 43 °C (45 °F) in the east.

The average annual precipitation on the coast is 800 millimeters (31.5 inches), 900 millimeters (35.4 inches) in the Samogitia highlands, and 600 millimeters (23.6 inches) in the eastern portion of the nation. Snow falls every year, and it may fall anywhere between October and April. Sleet may fall in September or May in certain years. In the western portion of the nation, the growing season lasts 202 days, whereas in the eastern half, it lasts 169 days. Storms are uncommon in the eastern portion of Lithuania, although they are frequent towards the shore.

The longest temperature records in the Baltic region date back approximately 250 years. The statistics indicate warm times in the second half of the 18th century, and a comparatively cold era in the 19th century. A large-scale warming in the early twentieth century peaked in the 1930s, followed by a lesser cooling that lasted until the 1960s. Since then, a warming trend has continued.

In 2002, Lithuania was hit by a drought, which resulted in forest and peat bog fires. During a heat wave in the summer of 2006, the nation suffered along with the rest of Northwestern Europe.

Because the native inhabitants of Lithuanian territory have not been replaced by any other ethnic group since the Neolithic period, there is a good chance that the genetic composition of today’s Lithuanians has remained relatively undisturbed by major demographic movements, despite not being completely isolated from them. Lithuanians seem to be highly homogenous, with no discernible genetic distinctions across ethnic groupings.

Lithuanians are genetically similar to the Slavic and Finno-Ugric speaking groups of Northern and Eastern Europe, according to a 2004 MtDNA study of the Lithuanian population. Lithuanians are most closely related to Latvians and Estonians, according to Y-chromosome SNP haplogroup research.

According to 2014 estimations, the population’s age structure was as follows: 15–64 years: 69.5 percent (male 1,200,196/female 1,235,300); 65 years and over: 16.8 percent (male 207,222/female 389,345); 0–14 years: 13.5 percent (male 243,001/female 230,674); 15–64 years: 69.5 percent (male 1,200,196/female 1,235,300); 65 years and over: 16.8 percent (male 207,222/female The median age of the participants was 41.2 years (male: 38.5, female: 43.7).

The total fertility rate (TFR) of Lithuania is 1.59 children born per woman, which is below the replacement rate (2015 estimates). Unmarried women accounted for 29% of births in 2014. In 2013, women were 27 years old when they married for the first time, while males were 29.3 years old.

Lithuania has the most homogeneous population among the Baltic States, with ethnic Lithuanians accounting for approximately five-sixths of the population. According to the 2011 census, Lithuania has a population of 3,043,400 people, 84 percent of whom are ethnic Lithuanians and speak Lithuanian, the country’s official language. Poles (6.6 percent), Russians (5.8%), Belarusians (1.2 percent), and Ukrainians are all significant minorities (0.5 percent ).

Poles make up the majority of the population, which is centered in southeast Lithuania (the Vilnius region). Russians are the second-largest ethnic group, with the majority of them located in two cities. They make up significant minority in Vilnius (14 percent) and Klaipda (28 percent), as well as a majority in Visaginas (52 percent ). About 3,000 Roma reside in Lithuania, mainly in Vilnius, Kaunas, and Panevys; the National Minority and Emigration Department supports their groups. In Lithuania, a tiny Tatar community has thrived for generations.

Lithuanian is the official language. In the bigger cities, the alininkai District Municipality, and the Vilnius District Municipality, other languages like as Russian, Polish, Belarusian, and Ukrainian are spoken. Members of Lithuania’s small surviving Jewish community speak Yiddish. According to the 2001 Lithuanian population census, 84 percent of the country’s inhabitants speak Lithuanian as their first language, with 8% speaking Russian and 6% speaking Polish. According to a Eurobarometer study performed in 2012, 80% of Lithuanians can communicate in Russian and 38% can communicate in English. At most Lithuanian schools, English is taught as the first foreign language, although pupils may also learn German, French, or Russian in certain institutions. In the regions where ethnic minority live, there are schools where Russian or Polish is the main language of instruction.

According to the 2011 census, 77.2 percent of Lithuanians were Roman Catholics. Since the Christianization of Lithuania at the end of the 14th century, the Church has been the dominant denomination. Some clergymen actively participated in the anti-Communist struggle (symbolised by the Hill of Crosses).

The Lutheran Protestant church had around 200,000 members in the first half of the twentieth century, accounting for about 9% of the total population, mostly Protestant Lithuanians and ethnic Germans from the former Memel Territory, but it has declined since 1945 due to the removal of the German population. Small Protestant settlements may be found across the country’s northern and western regions. During the Soviet occupation, many believers and clergy were murdered, tortured, or exiled to Siberia. Since 1990, a number of Protestant churches have started missions in Lithuania. 4.1 percent of the population is Orthodox (primarily among the Russian minority), 0.8 percent is Protestant, and 6.1 percent is agnostic.

From the 18th century until the eve of World War II, Lithuania was home to a large Jewish population and was an important center of Jewish study and culture. Outside of the Vilnius area (which was then in Poland), the Jewish population was estimated to be about 160,000. When the Soviets handed the Vilnius area (of the old Polish state) to Lithuania in September 1939, tens of thousands of Polish Jews became Lithuanian nationals, and more Jewish refugees arrived in Lithuania prior to June 1941. During the Holocaust, almost all of the roughly 220,000 Jews who resided in the Republic of Lithuania in June 1941 were exterminated. At the end of 2009, the population of the hamlet was estimated to be about 4,000 people.

According to the most recent Eurobarometer Poll in 2010, 47 percent of Lithuanian people believe in God, 37 percent believe in some kind of spirit or life force, and 12 percent think there is no such thing as a spirit, god, or life force.

Lithuanian is the official language of Lithuania, and it is one of only two languages on the Baltic branch of the Indo-European family (the other being Latvian). Despite Lithuanian’s resemblance to many other European languages, its ancient grammar makes it difficult for outsiders inexperienced with the language to construct even simple phrases.

According to European Union data, approximately 40% of the population speaks Russian as a second language, making it the most beneficial non-Lithuanian language to learn. Although the younger generation is improving their English skills, just 32% of Lithuanians are fluent in the language. In average, older generations speak Russian more often, whereas younger generations speak English more frequently. For historical reasons, Polish and, to a lesser degree, German are also spoken in certain areas. Lithuanians are constantly eager to improve their English, but those who acquire a few simple words in the native language are usually rewarded with good will and gratitude.

The majority of people in Samogitia (Western Lithuania) speak a dialect of Samogitian that is distinct from Standard Lithuanian.

Land line phones

For landline phones, there is a monopoly operator, TEO (now “TeliaSonera AB”), which is a joint venture between Sweden (Telia) and Finland (Sonera). Landline phones are widely available across the United States. Cards, which may be found in kiosks, “TEO,” or newspaper stands, are used with phones.

Mobile phones

Omnitel, BITE, and TELE 2 are the three largest mobile phone carriers in Lithuania. The typical European GSM 900/1800 MHz network covers around 97 percent of the country’s area, with the remaining 3% being non-walkable woods.

Mobile internet for travelers

Lithuania is the first nation to implement the ‘EU Internet’ solution, which provides tourists with low-cost mobile internet access. You may use fast local 3G mobile internet without changing your SIM card when visiting Lithuania.

Please be aware that if you turn on ‘EU Internet,’ you will be able to use GOOGLE MAPS without paying data roaming costs. There are no data roaming costs while utilizing Cheap Data services. Keep in mind that the Cheap Data option only works with SIM cards from the European Union.

International calls

To make a call from Lithuania to another country, follow these steps:

International and roaming calls are expensive. To reduce your bill you can:Purchase “phone cards” to make international calls or use the Internet to communicate.

Internet

If you’re carrying a laptop, Wireless LAN Hot-Spots may be found at various locations (mainly “Zebra” from – TEO), and are occasionally free, but not always. The best locations to look for one are airports, train stations, cafés, shopping malls, universities, and other public areas. You may inquire at your hotel, but expect to be charged. Internet cafés are available in major cities for people who need to connect. In Kaunas’ major pedestrian thoroughfare, Laisvs Alja, you may obtain free wireless Internet. Lithuania’s internet speed is actually faster than that of the United States. The upload speed is 16.8 Mbit/s, while the download speed is 26.2 Mbit/s. Keep in mind that such high-speed internet is not available for free.

You can utilize CSD, HSCSD, GPRS, or EDGE on your mobile phone, but the cost may be prohibitive. UMTS is only accessible in a few of the country’s larger cities. If your phone isn’t SIM-locked, you may want to consider getting a data-only pre-paid SIM card.

If you wish to use the internet to connect with friends or locals, you’ll need one of two programs: Skype or ICQ. Skype is the most popular talking software, and it may be used in English as well. Social networking services are also becoming more popular in Lithuania. ONE.lt is the most popular, followed by Facebook (with over 600,000 members). Myspace is a social networking site, although it is not extensively utilized.

Traditional Post

Please do not expect to locate and eat noodles if you see the sign “Lietuvos paštas” on a shop. It is, in fact, a post office where letters and parcels may be sent.

In the decade leading up to 2009, Lithuanian GDP had very high real growth rates, peaking at 11.1 percent in 2007. As a consequence, the nation was dubbed the “Baltic Tiger” by many. However, the economy overheated in 2009, resulting in a severe drop in GDP of 14.9 percent. Domestic demand and exports, rather than housing and financial bubbles, drove the economy forward in the ensuing years at a slower but more sustainable pace. At the end of 2015, the unemployment rate was 9.1%, down from 17.8 percent in 2010.

Rather than a progressive tax system, Lithuania maintains a flat tax rate. Personal income tax (15%) and corporation tax (15%) rates in Lithuania are among the lowest in the EU, according to Eurostat. In the EU, the nation has the lowest implicit rate of capital tax (9.8%). In the European Union, Lithuania likewise has the lowest total taxes as a percentage of GDP (27.2).

Lithuanian income levels are lower than those of older EU member states, but higher than those of most new EU member states that have entered in the past decade. Lithuanian GDP per capita (PPP) was 75 percent of the EU average in 2015, according to Eurostat statistics. In 2015, Lithuania’s average yearly salary (before taxes, for full-time workers) was approximately $10,000, still less than a fifth of the wealthiest EU member states.

In terms of structure, there is a slow but continuous move toward a knowledge-based economy, with a focus on biotechnology (industrial and diagnostic). Lithuania is home to the Baltics’ main biotechnology businesses and laser producers (Ekspla, viesos Konversija). Mechatronics and information technology (IT) are also being considered as potential knowledge-based economic paths.

Technology Centre Lithuania was created in 2009 as one of four key engineering centers serving Barclays Retail Banking operations across the world. Western Union built its new European Regional Operating Centre in Vilnius in 2011. The Lithuanian government has declared that high added-value goods and services are the emphasis of the Lithuanian economy. PricewaterhouseCoopers, Ernst & Young, Societe Generale, UniCredit, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Phillip Morris, Kraft Foods, Mars, Marks & Spencer, GlaxoSmithKline, United Colors of Benetton, Deichmann, Statoil, Neste Oil, Lukoil, Tele2, Hesburger, and Modern Times Group are among the international companies operating in Lithuania. Local telecoms firm Omnitel, store Rimi, and beer brewers (vyturys, Kalnapilis, and Utenos Alus) are owned by TeliaSonera, ICA, and Carlsberg, respectively. The Scandinavian banks Swedbank, SEB, Nordea, Danske Bank, and DNB ASA dominate the Lithuanian banking industry.

ORLEN Lietuva, Maxima Group, Achema Group, Lukoil Baltija, Linas Agro Group, Indorama Polymers Europe, Palink, and Sanitex are among the largest privately held Lithuanian businesses. Lithuania’s corporate tax rate is 15%, with a 5% rate for small companies. Special tax breaks are available for investments in high-tech industries and high-value-added goods. The majority of Lithuania’s commerce is with the European Union and Russia.

Until 2015, the litas was the national currency, which was replaced by the euro at a rate of EUR 1.00 = LTL 3.45280. Since February 2, 2002, the litas have been linked to the euro at this rate.

Lithuania is a signatory to the Schengen Treaty.

The majority of airlines fly into Vilnius International Airport and the smaller coastal Palanga Airport, although Ryanair flies into Kaunas International Airport.

Latvia’s Riga airport provides a viable option for travel to northern Lithuania.

Vilnius is accessible by rail from Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Minsk, and Kaliningrad. It should be noted that certain Russian trains (from Vilnius to Moscow and from Kaliningrad to St. Petersburg through Vilnius (but not a direct train from Vilnius to St. Petersburg)) travel through Belarus, necessitating the acquisition of a separate visa.

There are presently no links between Lithuania and Latvia or Poland (as of February 2016).

Kaunas is connected to Warsaw in the south and Riga and Tallinn in the north by the major “Via Baltica” route. The Baltic route between Vilnius and Tallinn has just been rebuilt. It’s a really simple and enjoyable path. The main highways connecting the cities are generally of good condition. When leaving the major roads in rural regions, be very careful since some of them may include potholes and other flaws that may harm a normal vehicle if driven too quickly. There are typically cafés and gas stations with restrooms and food along the way between cities.

Lisco and Scandlines provide passenger/car ferries to Klaipeda from Sweden, Germany, and Denmark. They do not, however, run every day and are very sluggish.

Litrail, Lithuania’s state-owned railroad, provides service to the country’s main cities. The majority of trains also make stops at minor stations along the route. Other than public transit, a portion of those smaller stations is inaccessible. In comparison to Western Europe, fares are low: Vilnius-Kaunas is about €5 for 104 km, while Vilnius-Klaipda is around €15 for 376 km (as of 2016-02). Tickets are sold at the ticket office within the station building until about 5 minutes before the departure time at major railway stations. A ticket is only valid for the train for which it was purchased. It is, nevertheless, possible to purchase tickets in advance. When purchasing round-trip tickets, a 15% discount is given to the return ticket.

Many minor stations lack ticket offices, thus tickets must be purchased from the conductor on board. If you board the train at a station with a functioning ticket office and wish to purchase a ticket from the conductor, you will be charged a modest fee. However, if one arrives late at the station but still makes the train, this may be the only choice. On board the train, only cash is accepted; however, most, if not all, ticket offices take cash and credit cards. In addition to periodic special discounts, the same criteria for discounts apply as for other public transportation. Students holding a Lithuanian Student ID or ISIC, in particular, get a 50% discount. Train conductors validate tickets, which must be retained until the conclusion of the trip owing to occasional inspections by conductor-inspectors.

Trains may be quicker or slower than buses or minibuses depending on the route. Vilnius-Klaipda and Vilnius-Kaunas are two intercity routes where traveling by rail is quicker. In Lithuania, there are currently no high-speed railway lines. Trains operate less often than vehicle transit when routes intersect. However, for distant locations far from main highways and cities, the train is often the only choice (especially on routes Vilnius-Marcinkonys and Vilnius-Turmantas). Trains are popular with wilderness travelers and residents searching for wild berries and mushrooms as a result of this.

Trains are often more roomy than buses, making them ideal for passengers carrying big bags or huge goods (such as skis, bikes). Bicycles may be transported on all trains; however, a special bike ticket is required (fee depends on the distance). Bicycle racks are usually found in the first or final car of most trains. However, they can only hold 2-3 bicycles, thus it’s usual to just line them up down the aisle. This technique is allowed as long as the bicycles do not obstruct people’s mobility. The majority of regional trains feature 3-3 seats adjacent to 2-2 seats across the isle.

This allows up to ten individuals to view each other at the same time, making trains popular among bigger corporations. Some trains include three seats that combine to create a comfy bench that is long and broad enough to be used as a bed if there is enough room for other passengers. Many long-distance trains feature cabins that can hold six people sitting or four persons sleeping. The headrest may be raised to create a really comfortable bunk bed that can be utilized while others sit below. The other pair of beds are formed by the chairs themselves. Because some trips are very lengthy (4:30 to 5 hours in the instance of Vilnius-Klaipeda), passengers often sleep on the top bunks throughout the day.

Auktaitija (historical Auktaitija) The Anykiai Narrow Gauge Railway provides brief excursions to a local lake. It operates on a regular schedule during the summer, but tours must be scheduled in advance throughout the rest of the year.

In Lithuania, getting around by bus is simple; virtually all of the larger and most minor towns can be accessed by bus. Intercity buses are divided into two categories: express and regional. Express buses only stop in large cities and are typically considerably quicker than regional buses. Express buses are usually often newer and more comfortable. Those buses are sometimes (but not always) branded as Ekspresas (“express”). For longer distance travel between cities, it is the best choice. Regional buses, on the other hand, make several stops throughout the route. As a result, they are typically sluggish; a 40-kilometer journey, for example, may take an hour. The majority of regional buses are vintage vehicles acquired from the Nordic nations. In comparison to Western norms, the service quality on such buses may be subpar. If you need to go to a station not served by express buses, regional buses are the best option. However, since express and regional buses often serve the same route, it is best to inquire ahead of time. Another thing to keep in mind is that some buses are indirect, meaning they go via towns rather than taking the straight route between cities. “CityA – CityB per CityC” is a common label for these (per meaning “via”).

Buses run frequently between the major cities and the regional centers. In almost every town, there is a bus company. TOKS (from Vilnius), Kautra (from Kaunas), Klaipdos autobus parkas (from Klaipda), Busturas (from iauliai), and Transrevis (from Transrevis) are some of the largest and finest. For most trips, bus tickets cost 15-20 Litas per 100 kilometers (as of 2013-01). Bus operators provide a 50% discount to students holding a Lithuanian Student ID throughout the year. Bus operators are required by law to provide a 50% discount to students having an ISIC (International Student Identity Card) issued in a European Union country. Keep your ticket till the conclusion of your trip in case inspectors decide to stop by one of the stops to examine the bus.

The majority of Lithuania’s bus routes and turns are published at autobusubilietai.lt, where you may also book tickets for specific routes. However, keep in mind that the payment mechanism currently only supports a limited number of Lithuanian banks, and credit cards are not accepted. iticket.lt is another online bus ticket provider that offers additional payment alternatives.

It is advised to purchase a ticket in advance at a kiosk for buses and trolley-buses on routes inside towns and cities, board the vehicle via the center door, and stamp the ticket using one of the ticket punches. Traditionally, they were at the center door, but with the advent of computerized ticketing, they are now frequently found directly behind the driver’s seat. Tickets purchased from the driver rather than kiosks are more costly, and if the bus is late or packed, and you don’t have precise change, you may get an off-handed reaction. Students holding a Lithuanian Student ID or an ISIC (International Student Identity Card) issued in a European Union country are eligible for a 50 percent single ticket discount and an 80 percent monthly ticket discount. Inspectors will examine tickets on a regular basis and will levy a fee if you do not have a validated ticket or paperwork confirming your entitlement for a discount. The bus exits via the center door, and it is critical to get to the door before the vehicle stops, since it may be difficult to depart after passengers have begun boarding.

In addition to regular buses, express routes are typically served by minibuses.

Lithuanian traffic moves on the right, much as the rest of continental Europe, and all distances are expressed in kilometers.

Lithuania has an excellent road network, particularly on the highways. On small roads, the condition of the road surface may vary. In several areas, the improvement work is causing traffic congestion. From Estonia to Poland, the Via Baltica route passes through Lithuania. The A1 from Vilnius to Klaipeda is another major route.

Turning right at a red traffic light is legal in many European nations, but not in North America, where signaled by a “green arrow” (square white sign next to the red light with a green arrow indicating the authorized direction), as long as it does not harm other vehicles. Be aware that the lack of such a sign indicates that turning right on red is not permitted, and any motorist caught violating this law will be stopped by the authorities.

There is a separate green light for vehicles turning left at many larger intersections, but just one red/yellow light. There are arrows heading straight and to the right on the green light for the other routes, but they are easily missed. Most of these traffic lights may be recognized by their outline, thanks to the white reflective border that surrounds them.

When traveling straight ahead on a two- or three-lane road, it is courteous to move out of the right-hand lane (if safe to do so); this maintains the right-hand lane free for right-turning vehicles. Keep an eye out for fast-moving cars coming from behind while returning to the right lane.

A dedicated bus lane is indicated by the letter ‘A’ on the right-hand lane. Taxis may also utilize the lane designated ‘A / TAKSI.’ Other road users are only allowed to join the lane if they want to turn right into a side road.

It is feasible to do a u-turn on the highways. Because vehicles do not adhere to traffic laws, pedestrians, in particular, must be as careful as they are in other former Soviet nations. On the roads and highways, moving domestic animals and roe animals may create hazardous circumstances.

The Lithuanian road network, especially in the cities, is dotted with roundabouts. The Wikipedia page on roundabouts may be helpful for visitors from countries where this kind of intersection is rare or not used at all.

In Lithuanian traffic, the alcohol limit is 0.4%. The legal drinking age has been reduced to 0.

Fixed speed cameras are common on rural roads and highways, especially at crossroads and pedestrian crossings, as well as in cities. A sign is typically used to advertise these events. Many of them seem to be intended to be turned around and watched in the other way from time to time.

Taxis are metered and may be reserved by calling the phone numbers shown on the taxi’s door. In comparison to Western Europe, taxis are quite inexpensive. However, be aware that some businesses are not as secure as others; using common sense will keep you safe in this respect. “Taking the long way around” was formerly customary, but it has all but vanished. However, there have been instances of immigrants spending more than they anticipated.

Keep in mind that the operator is in charge of setting the embarkation and transit costs. Some taxis waiting at key locations (such as airports and bus terminals) take advantage of this by charging prices that are many times more than the market average. In general, ordering a cab over the phone is less expensive than hailing one on the street. You may also get a pricing estimate in advance when booking a cab over the phone or before getting in the vehicle. Some tourists give the driver modest gratuities, although this is completely optional.

Taxi fares, particularly in Vilnius, have recently fallen significantly from their peak during the boom years (spring 2009). If you don’t need a luxurious trip, a cab may be had for as little as 1.25 litas (€0.37) per kilometer. Regional cities’ taxi rates are often cheaper than those in larger cities, making them more suited for out-of-town excursions.

Cycling is very popular in Lithuania, although it depends on where you are. In large towns, pavements will typically have a cycling route with many signs, but getting about by bicycle in rural regions may be difficult. EuroVelo No. 10 and EuroVelo No. 11 are two international EuroVelo cycling routes that run throughout the country and are equipped with high-quality signage and bikepaths.

It’s risky to leave your bicycle outdoors for more than a few hours without securing it, just as it is in Western Europe. BaltiCCycle, an international cycling initiative, may be able to offer you with information and assistance.

Hitchhiking is usually safe in Lithuania. Get to the city’s outskirts, but not before traffic accelerates up to motorway speeds. The middle letter of the three-character code on earlier license plates (with Lithuanian flag) typically refers to the city of registration (V for Vilnius, K for Kaunas, L for Klaipeda, etc.). Newer license plates (with the EU flag) are not in any way tied to the city of registration.

The country’s complex historical history is reflected in regional variations in Lithuanian culture. In the present territory of Lithuania, five ethnic areas, or regions, have emerged since the thirteenth century:

• Aukštaitija
  Northeastern and eastern region; the name means Highlands
• Samogitia
  Žemaitija (meaning Lowlands), north-western region
• Dzūkija (Dainava)
  Southeastern region
• Sūduva (Suvalkija)
  Southern and south-western region
• Lithuania Minor
  Coastal region

Even today, these ethnic areas vary in languages, ways of life, and behavior patterns, while there were significant variations in clothing and household styles, as well as village layout, until the turn of the century.

Lithuania is rightly proud of its inexhaustible traditional treasures: vibrant costumes, meandering melodies, a plethora of tales and legends, resonant dialects, and a voluminous language. Ethnographic and folklore groups, as well as barn theaters, help to preserve this ethnographic legacy. Ethnographic crafts and culinary traditions have seen a resurgence in recent years. During numerous events and festivals, folk craft fairs and live craft days are held.

• Vilnius, the country’s capital, is home to many historic churches.
• Jonava
• Between the two world wars, Kaunas was the second largest city and the temporary capital.
• Klaipėda is Lithuania’s third-largest city and is known for its summer festivities.
• Panevėžys
• Šiauliai — Lithuania’s fourth-largest city, featuring a sun-themed motif and specialized museums.
• Trakai — Trakai is located on the banks of numerous lakes.

• Aukštaitija National Park — In the summer, Auktaitija National Park is a region of lakes, hills, and forests that is famous for water tourism and rural tourism.
• Curonian Spit — unusual flora sand dunes, coastal woodland, white sandy beaches, and historic ethnic settlements
• Dzūkija National Park — The largest forest (Dainavos) and swamp (epkeli) in the nation, as well as several ancient distinctive settlements in the midst of the woods.
• Hill of Crosses — North of Šiauliai, there is a religious place.
• Kernavė — Formerly the capital of Lithuania, it is today a well-preserved ancient monument on the banks of the river Neris.
• Purnuskes is considered to be the geographic center of Europe by some.
• Žemaičių Kalvarija — well-known pilgrimage destination; most people arrive in early July to attend a major church festival.

The cost of lodging is highly dependent on the location. For example, a decent hotel room in Jonikis (Northern Lithuania) may be had for €25, while a comparable one in Vilnius might cost up to €100. Some hotels do not have their own websites. Nonetheless, the Internet is a huge assistance when it comes to preparation.

Homestays – sleeping “with the grandma” – are commonplace throughout the nation. Many older residents provide spare bedrooms in their additional rooms on a town’s main street. These are definitely experiences worth seeking out.

If you wish to rent the flat, the monthly fee would typically start at €200. There are businesses in the larger cities that rent homes “to long-term tourists or workers.” In these, you furnish the flat and have it cleaned by the cleaner in excellent working order. Starting at 300 euros.

Do a Web search for “trumpalaik but nuoma” if you’re searching for an apartment for a short time (a few days or less). This will bring up a list of company portals or websites, but not all of them will be in English; some will, however, be in other languages such as German, Polish, or Russian.

Every town’s hotels are located on their own interleaves. However, keep in mind that this is a volunteer-run service, so you shouldn’t expect current pricing, much alone all of the options mentioned.

A rural lodging or a private cottage is an intriguing accommodation option. Countryside.lt has a gleaming catalog of lodging options where you can discover almost all of the countryside destinations as well as a reservation system.

Most major cities, like as Vilnius or Kaunas, offer a plethora of hotel choices ranging from 60 litas to several hundred litas. When visiting a popular summer vacation location (such as Palanga or Druskininkai), be sure to reserve an accommodation ahead of time since demand may exceed availability. In addition, several of the cafés along the major roads connecting towns rent out rooms.

Lithuania is the most southern of the Baltic nations, and its historic legacy distinguishes it from the other two. Few visitors would realize that this tiny but colorful country was once the biggest in Europe when they visit today. A few monuments remain as memories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s golden era, when it extended far into modern-day Russia, Poland, and Moldova, but even fewer remain inside Lithuania’s boundaries. Kernav, formerly a medieval metropolis, is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, complete with ancient hillfort mounds and a museum. The Trakai Island Castle is sometimes referred to as “Little Marinburg.” It is situated on an island and was formerly one of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s major fortresses. Despite being badly damaged during battles with Muscovy in the 17th century, the castle was magnificently rebuilt in the 19th century and is today a famous tourist attraction. Even though Kaunas Castle is older, barely a third of the original structure survives.

Vilnius, Lithuania’s beautiful capital, is a tiny, pleasant town with a UNESCO-listed historic center. It’s the ideal spot for admiring a variety of architectural styles, with a combination of medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical structures. Stroll through the tiny alleys and quaint courtyards of Pilies Street and relax with a cup of coffee at one of the numerous cafés. Then stroll along Gediminas Avenue, the town’s major thoroughfare dotted with government buildings and theaters, to the ancient vrynas neighborhood. You won’t run out of things to visit in Vilnius anytime soon, with 65 churches, the renowned Gediminas Tower, Cathedral Square, the Royal Palace, the Presidential Palace, and many more monuments and museums.

Palanga, a famous coastal town, is the place to go for a day at the beach. It boasts some excellent beaches and lovely sand dunes, despite the fact that it becomes busy in the summer. Sand dunes may also be seen on the Curonian Split, which spans over 100 kilometers and connects the Curonian Lagoon to the Baltic Sea coast. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by Lithuania and Russia, and it is best visited from Klaipda, a major port city that also serves as a convenient gateway for other Baltic coast beach resorts. The hamlet of Juodkrante, not far from Klaipeda, is known for its Hill of Witches, which is adorned with sculptures from Lithuanian folklore and tales. Nida, a fishermen’s village, is known for its beaches and old ethnographic cemetery.

The magnificent Hill of Crosses, an unusual and popular pilgrimage destination, is only a few kilometers from the northern city of iauliai. Over 100,000 crosses have been put here by believers from all over the world – tiny, large, simple, and joyful. Druskininkai, a prominent and elegant spa resort town surrounded by lakes and rivers, is located on the opposite side of the nation, in the extreme south.

Lithuania, like its Baltic neighbors, has a lot to offer environment enthusiasts. The primary basis consists of dense woods, hills, stunning blue lakes, and rivers. The wooded Auktaitija National Park, which is home to elk, deer, and wild boar, is probably the most popular of the country’s national parks. The park provides a safe refuge for many flora and species that are endangered elsewhere in the nation, and some of the pines you’ll find here are up to 200 years old. The park’s 126 lakes and many streams make it a wonderful location for water sports, and the towns inside the park include some unique wooden churches. The Nemunas Delta is another popular destination. The extensive marshes around the Neman River’s confluence with the Baltic Sea are a popular eco-tourism destination as well as an important bird habitat.

Many religious sites, particularly those of the Catholic religion, may be found in Lithuania. They are all welcoming to individuals of all faiths and backgrounds. The following are the most popular pilgrimage destinations to visit:

Druskininkai and Palanga are the finest places to visit if you’re looking for some health treatment or leisure. Neringa is an excellent choice for a relaxing, peaceful vacation where you can reconnect with yourself.

Basketball is the national sport, and the whole country is obsessed with it (comparable to the British with Soccer and New Zealand with rugby). Lithuania is one of the most successful international teams, having won bronze medals in three of the four Olympic games and placing fourth in 2008. All of this came after just five Olympic appearances. BC algiris of Kaunas and BC Lietuvos Rytas of Vilnius are the two most important domestic clubs. As a result, a basketball court can be found in virtually every park and playground.

If someone challenges you to a basketball game, be cautious. Basketball is extremely popular in Lithuania, and you may just humiliate yourself.

Meat, potato, veggies, and a curd sauce of some kind are common ingredients in Lithuanian meals. The cepelinai, or zeppelins, are meat-filled potato-starch-based zeppelin-shaped masses that are typically coated in a sour cream, butter, and pig cracklings sauce. Pork is more often consumed than beef. Vegans will, unsurprisingly, have a difficult time dining out, but some major restaurant chains may provide vegetarian options.

Fast food in Lithuania may be available all throughout the city, including Kibinai (from the Karaim people), tiny turnovers typically filled with spiced lamb, and Cheburekai (a Russian snack), huge folds of dough with a minimal filling of meat, cheese, or even apples.

Many restaurants offer English and, to a lesser degree, Russian menus (typically in the Lithuanian menu). However, keep in mind that menus in other languages may have increased pricing, but this is rare and won’t be seen in Vilnius or the more well-known brands like Cili Pizza.

Svyturys, Kalnapilis, Utenos, Horn, and Gubernija are some of the most well-known beer brands in Lithuania. A visit to a kiosk reveals that this tiny nation may have more than 50 distinct beer brands. The amount of alcohol in each drink is listed on the label, and it typically ranges from 4 to 9.5 percent. Beer is often inexpensive in comparison to other European nations, costing between 0.50 and 1 € per half litre in stores and 0.75 to 2 € per half litre in bars (beer is sold by the half or full litre, a full litre being found rarely). The beer is delicious, putting international brands to shame, and Lithuanian lager is on par with Czech, Slovak, German, and Polish lager in terms of quality. Even at a Chinese or other foreign-themed restaurant, requesting a Lithuanian beer usually inspires goodwill.

Try one of the bar snacks, which are extremely popular among Lithuanians, when you go to a bar or restaurant without planning to eat. A bowl of garlic bread pieces coated with cheese is the most popular of these treats.

In addition to beer, Lithuanians drink vodka (or “degtin” in Lithuanian), which is relatively inexpensive but of excellent quality, although not to the degree that is typical of this region of the globe. Also, each area has its own home-made specialty, the most famous/notorious of which is “Samane,” which should be avoided. The bigger stores offer a huge selection of vodka from all of the major vodka-producing nations.

Lithuanian mead, often known as “midus,” is a government-controlled beverage. It’s produced from a variety of Lithuanian plants, including leaves, berries, and tree bark. The percentages of alcohol vary from 10% to 75%. (considered medicinal).

Quality sparkling wines, such as Alita or Mindaugas, and local liqueurs are popular souvenir items for visitors.

Keep in mind the legislation that bans the sale of alcohol in stores between the hours of 10 p.m. and 8 a.m., which went into force in January 2009. (bars, cafes, restaurants etc. are exempt from this).

Different types of tea and coffee are readily accessible in stores and cafés. Coffee is available in a variety of flavors, ranging from northern European to French. You may expect to spend up to 1.50 € for a cup of coffee at a coffee shop. Some cafés also provide a selection of specialty coffees with varying pricing. Many cafés (kavins) still provide “lazy” coffee, which is just coffee grounds and boiling water, unfiltered, with grinds at the bottom of the cup, which sometimes surprise the drinker – inquire before you purchase! Tea is often offered for half the price of coffee. Some of the fantastic beverages, such as the Marganito, are excellent for fun-filled party drinks and are regarded as one of the best types of wine in the nation, making them ideal for weddings.

Unlike tourist-oriented restaurants or pubs, bars (Baras) may be frequented by strong drinkers and therefore be rather raucous. Even yet, a visit may be extremely rewarding, particularly if you accept an offer to sing karaoke.

In May 2006, a legislation prohibiting smoking in cafés, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, discothèques, and other public places was enacted, and it took effect on January 1, 2007. Many nightclubs, however, offer interior smoking areas with some ventilation.

In many areas of Lithuania, tap water is safe to drink. Locals in other regions choose to buy bottled water or filter tap water using water filters. A 5 litre bottle is not much more costly than a one litre bottle if you require bottled water. When in question about tap water, consult a local expert.

Mineral water is also available at restaurants, cafés, and stores, but it costs a little more than tap water. Birut and Vytautas are two well-known brands.

The euro is used in Lithuania. This single currency is used by a number of European nations. In all nations, all euro banknotes and coins are legal tender.

100 cents are split into one euro.

The euro’s official sign is €, and its ISO code is EUR. The cent does not have an official symbol.

On its flights to Leopardstown, Greystones, Dalkey, and Ballsbridge, Aircoach connects Dublin with Cork and most major hotels across Dublin.

For a tiny country, Lithuania boasts a lot of retail centers. There isn’t much of a distinction between shopping malls in the United States and those in Western Europe.

Vilnius has recently become a shopper’s paradise, with the opening of many large retail malls across the city. One of them is Akropolis (a series of shopping malls in Lithuania), which has an ice skating rink, bowling lanes, and a theater and is definitely worth seeing if you are a shopping mall addict.

Coffee, supper, and shopping are all available under one roof at shopping malls (the biggest of which are Akropolis and Panorama).

Gariunai, located on the western outskirts of Vilnius, is the Baltic’s largest open-air market. On a good weekend, tens of thousands of merchants from all across Lithuania, as well as Ukraine, may be found there. Clothing, shoes, music, and software are all available for purchase. Counterfeit items are all over the place. Quality is not guaranteed at a low price.

Kaunas is also known for its retail malls, with Laisvs Avenue in the city center serving as a pedestrian route. Akropolis, Mega, Molas, Savas, HyperMaxima, and Urmas retail area are the main shopping centers in Kaunas. Even Akropolis, a newcomer to Lithuania, is an emblem of “mall culture.”

Klaipeda is a significant retail hub for Latvians and Kaliningrad residents. Akropolis, Arena, Studlendas, and BIG are the main retail centers. Many cruise ship passengers shop at Klaipeda because of the exceptional value and price combination.

Lithuanians are a Baltic nation, yet tourists sometimes incorrectly believe they are related to Russians.

Lithuanians are a separate Baltic ethnic group with their own language (Lithuanian), which is one of the earliest Indo-European languages and belongs to the Baltic branch of Indo-European languages (not the Slavic). Although there is a modest degree of profound linguistic resemblance between the Baltic and Slavic groups, this would only make the Lithuanian language as close to Russian as the Italian language is to English (some old Latin semblance). As a result, any attempt to relate to the Lithuanian language through Slavic languages will clearly fail, and any attempt to do so repeatedly may become both irritating to Lithuanians and humiliating to you. For example, saying “sposibo” (“thank you” in Russian) to a Lithuanian sounds as random as saying “grazie” (“thank you” in Italian) to an English speaker.

Although it is a notoriously difficult language to acquire, knowing how to welcome residents in their native language may be quite beneficial. They will appreciate your Lithuanian efforts.

From the conclusion of WWII until 1990, Lithuania was a member of the Soviet Union. You should also keep in mind that the capital of Lithuania is Vilnius, not Riga, which is the capital of Latvia, a typical blunder made by visitors and a source of irritation for residents.

Conversations on territorial disputes with neighboring countries are not a good idea for individuals who are not from the region because of wartime occupations by Tsarist Russia in the 19th century, the Soviet Union in the 20th century, and territory disputes with Poland in the early 20th century. When discussing Lithuania in the context of the former Soviet Union, be cautious. The Lithuanians are unlikely to understand or appreciate any praise of Soviet policies. Many Lithuanians have strong feelings about World War II and the Holocaust.

Lithuanians may look patriotic at times; yet, they are a proud nation for a reason: they have struggled to retain their cultural identity through difficult times, and this has made them a distinct and friendly and fascinating people. Although the majority of Lithuanians are nominally Catholics, traditional (pagan) Lithuanian religion lives on through customs, ethnoculture, festivals, music, and other forms of expression.

Because Lithuanians might look melancholy, depressed (the country’s suicide rate is among the highest in the world), a little impolite, and suspicious, boasting about your excellent health, money, and happiness can be misinterpreted. If you smile at a Lithuanian on the street, they are unlikely to reciprocate with compassion. Smile at a stranger and they’ll either believe you’re making fun of them and something is wrong with their clothes or hairdo, or they’ll think you’re an idiot. Furthermore, a robotic Western grin is generally considered dishonest.

Women have always been treated with the highest respect throughout the former Soviet Union. When their Lithuanian male friends pay their bills at restaurants, open every door in front of them, offer their hand to help them climb down that small step, or help them carry anything heavier than a handbag, female travelers should not be surprised or indignant – this is not sexual harassment or being condescending to the weaker sex. Male travelers should be aware that most Lithuanian girls and women will expect the same from them.

The Lithuanian language (lietuvi kalba) is the country’s official state language and is recognized as one of the European Union’s official languages. In Lithuania, there are approximately 2.96 million native Lithuanian speakers, with another 0.2 million living overseas.

Lithuanian is a Baltic language that is closely related to Latvian, but the two languages are incomprehensible to each other. It is written in a Roman script that has been modified. Lithuanian is thought to be the most linguistically conservative extant Indo-European language, preserving numerous Proto Indo-European characteristics.

There is a significant amount of Lithuanian literature written in Latin, the Middle Ages’ primary academic language. The edicts of Lithuanian King Mindaugas are a great example of this kind of writing. Another important legacy of Lithuanian Latin literature is Gediminas’ Letters.

In the 16th century, the first Lithuanian literary works in the Lithuanian language were produced. Martynas Mavydas composed and published The Simple Words of Catechism, the first printed Lithuanian book, in 1547, marking the birth of printed Lithuanian literature. Mikalojus Dauka with Katechizmas was just behind him. Lithuanian literature in the 16th and 17th centuries, like that of the rest of Christian Europe, was mainly religious.

Kristijonas Donelaitis, one of the most important writers of the Age of Enlightenment, brings the old (14th–18th century) Lithuanian literature to a close. The Seasons, a poem by Donelaitis, is a milestone in Lithuanian fiction writing.

Maironis, Antanas Baranauskas, Simonas Daukantas, and Simonas Staneviius exemplify Lithuanian literature in the first half of the nineteenth century, with a combination of Classicism, Sentimentalism, and Romanticism. The Lithuanian press was banned during the Tsarist conquest of Lithuania in the 19th century, leading to the creation of the Knygneiai (Book Smugglers) organization. This movement is credited for ensuring the survival of Lithuanian language and literature to the present day.

Juozas Tumas-Vaigantas, Antanas Vienuolis, Bernardas Brazdionis, Vytautas Maernis, and Justinas Marcinkeviius exemplify 20th-century Lithuanian literature.

The Lithuanian Art Museum, first opened in 1933, is the country’s biggest museum of art conservation and exhibition. The Palanga Amber Museum is one of the most significant museums in the area, with amber artifacts making up a large portion of the collection.

Mikalojus Konstantinas iurlionis (1875–1911), an internationally famous musician, was perhaps the most well-known person in Lithuania’s cultural world. The asteroid 2420 iurlionis, discovered in 1975, is named after him. Kaunas is home to the M. K. iurlionis National Art Museum and the Vytautas the Great War Museum, Lithuania’s sole military museum.

Lithuanian folk music is associated with neolithic corded ware civilization and belongs to the Baltic music branch. In Lithuanian-populated regions, two instrument cultures collide: stringed (kankli) and wind instrument cultures. Lithuanian folk music is ancient, mainly utilized for rituals, and has paganism religious components. In Lithuania, there are three historical singing styles associated with ethnic regions: monophony, heterophony, and polyphony. Sutartins, Wedding Songs, War-Historical Time Songs, Calendar Cycle and Ritual Songs, and Work Songs are examples of folk song genres.

Mikalojus Konstantinas iurlionis is the most well-known painter and composer in Lithuania. He composed about 200 pieces of music throughout his brief life. His writings have had a significant impact on contemporary Lithuanian culture. Only after his death were his symphonic poems In the Forest (Mike) and The Sea (Jra) played.

Vytautas Mikinis (born 1954) is a professor, composer, and choir director of the uoliukas, a well-known Lithuanian boys’ chorus. He is well-liked both in Lithuania and internationally. He has approximately 400 secular works and around 160 religious works to his credit.

Choral music is extremely significant in Lithuania. Vilnius is the only city to have three European Grand Prix for Choral Singing laureates (Brevis, Jauna Muzika, and Chamber Choir of the Conservatoire). The Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival (Dain vent) has a long-standing history. In 1924, the first one was held in Kaunas. The event has been held every four years since 1990 and attracts about 30,000 singers and folk dancers from all across the nation. The Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival was classified as a UNESCO Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2008, together with its Latvian and Estonian counterparts.

Marijonas Mikutaviius is well known for writing the unofficial Lithuanian national song, “Trys milijonai” (English: Three million).

Lithuanian cuisine uses ingredients that are suitable to the country’s cold, wet northern climate: barley, potatoes, rye, beets, greens, berries, and mushrooms are all produced locally, and dairy products are a specialty. Lithuanian food has some parallels to Scandinavian cuisine since it shares its climate and agricultural methods with Northern Europe. Nonetheless, it has distinct characteristics that have been shaped by a number of forces throughout the course of the country’s long and arduous history.

Lithuanians, Poles, and Ashkenazi Jews share numerous foods and drinks as a result of their shared history. Dumplings (koldnai, kreplach, or pierogi), doughnuts spurgos or (pczki), and blynai crêpes are examples (blintzes). German food impacted Lithuanian cuisine, bringing pig and potato dishes such potato pudding (kugelis or kugel) and potato sausages (vdarai), as well as the baroque tree cake akotis. Eastern (Karaite) cuisine is the most exotic of all the influences, and the dishes kibinai and eburekai are famous in Lithuania. During Napoleon’s journey through Lithuania in the 19th century, the Torte Napoleon was created.

Lithuania is a safe nation in general. However, you should take the following precautions:

When visiting potentially dangerous neighborhoods late at night, exercise caution. It is better to stroll along major highways after dark than than taking a short cut through a park or apartment complex, since these locations typically have inadequate illumination. If you’re worried, take a cab. Bicycle theft is something to be aware of, and it is not a good idea to keep valuables in your vehicle.

Openly homosexual behavior, such as holding hands or kissing, may end in a violent conflict from onlookers, as it does in Eastern Europe in general. Suspicion of homosexuality may sometimes create issues; even if they are heterosexual, two male guests to a straight nightclub should seat a reasonable distance apart.

Racism may be experienced by members of ethnic minorities, especially those of African ancestry. The government will not allow this, and racial assaults are uncommon. Non-whites, on the other hand, may have to get accustomed to being scrutinized by locals, particularly in rural regions. This is more frequently than not motivated by genuine curiosity than than malice. Race relations, slavery’s history, and civil rights are all largely obscure topics. However, the presence of many Afro-American basketball players in the Lithuanian league helps, implying that racism is not as prevalent in Lithuania as it is in other eastern European nations. Maintaining a dignified attitude and recognizing that many Lithuanians living in a homogeneous culture may not have had any prior interaction with a person of color is the best approach to overcome any small difficulties.

According to European standards, driving in Lithuania is hazardous. Lithuania’s fast growing economy has led to an increase in traffic density, therefore accident rates are high. Since a pedestrian, use extreme caution while crossing roadways, as pedestrian crossings are often disregarded. Be wary of aggressive, fast-moving, and reckless drivers while driving. Even if they break the rules, it’s preferable to pass them. Keep in mind that traffic cops may be dishonest. Forest roads should be avoided at all costs, since accidents with wildlife animals are common.

If you’ve been bitten by a dog, a wild animal, or a snake, get medical help right away. Snakes in Lithuania are not poisonous, with the exception of the European Viper (angis), whose bite is seldom fatal but very unpleasant. Rabies may be transmitted via a dog (uo) or cat (kat) bite. Mosquitoes (uodai) do not transmit illness and are simply a nuisance during the summer. Lyme disease or encephalitis may be acquired after being bitten by a forest tick (erk).