Botswana unfolds as a nation of striking contrasts, where ochre sands stretch interminably toward a pale horizon and, elsewhere, an inland delta swells each rainy season into a verdant cradle of life. Its territory—comparable in size to France yet inhabited by scarcely over 2.4 million souls—lies at the heart of Southern Africa. The nation’s contours are simple: to the south and southeast, the border with South Africa; to the west and north, Namibia; to the northeast, Zimbabwe; and a slender northern reach brushing Zambia. More than two thirds of this expanse belongs to the Kalahari Desert, whose flat, gently rolling tableland bears testimony to centuries of wind and dust.
From the first notable inhabitants—Paleo‑Bushmen whose rock paintings still bear witness to hunted game—to the arrival of Bantu‑speaking ancestors of today’s Tswana before the seventh century, the land has known successive waves of settlement. By the nineteenth century, the region bore sparse chiefdoms that balanced on the frontier between emerging European interests and resilient local societies. In 1885, the British carved out Bechuanaland Protectorate, an administrative entity that would, upon independence on 30 September 1966, assume the name of its dominant people: Botswana. With unfaltering democratic rigour, the young republic has conducted elections without interruption, achieving a reputation for probity reflected in its standing as the third‑least corrupt country in Africa as of 2024.
A parliamentary republic by design, Botswana’s political life was long shaped by a single party—the Botswana Democratic Party—until the threshold of 2024, when competitive dynamics began to diversify the parliamentary dialogue. Governance is exercised through ten districts, two city districts and four municipalities, each administered by local councils. Gaborone, the capital, dwarfs other urban centres; its modest dams and grid of streets hug the Notwane River, source of the city’s water, yet the streets are enlivened by small cafés and seeds of entrepreneurial venture, a quiet flourish amid the administrative edifices.
The pulse of Botswana’s economy is set by mining and by the well‑guarded treasures of its natural heritage. Diamonds—translucent shards that have fashioned fortunes since the late twentieth century—remain the chief headline of mineral exports, placing Botswana at the apex of global production. Revenues from gem quality stones underwrite schools, clinics and paved highways that braid together unpaved tracks. Tourism, the complementary engine, revolves around wildlife spectacles: the annual convergence of elephant herds in Chobe National Park and the seasonal inundation of the Okavango Delta, this last crowned in 2014 as the one‑thousandth UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Okavango’s annual flood arrives from distant highlands, spilling into a mosaic of lagoons, reed‑fringed channels and permanent islands. There, bull elephants sample the tender shoots of papyrus, and sable antelope graze in gallery forests. Pel’s fishing owl hunts at twilight along narrow channels. Grasses, sculpted by currents, fold into rich tapestries. This aquatic Eden contrasts profoundly with the rust‑coloured Kalahari, where scant rainfall dictates a harsher choreography. Springbok and gemsbok wander across salt pans that gleam white under the glare of midday sun. Nocturnal predators—the painted wolf and spotted hyena—emerge into moonlit expanses to trace faltering hoofprints.
The wider landscape belongs also to the Limpopo River Basin, whose tributaries—Bonwapitse, Mahalapye, Lotsane, Motloutse and Shashe—descend through eastern lowlands. In the north, the Chobe River flows toward its confluence with the Zambezi at Kazungula, a crossroads of border traffic and riparian calm. Forest cover—some fifteen million hectares as of 2020—has diminished since 1990, yet pockets of regenerating woodland persist, sheltering species from the diminutive lechwe to the keener‑scented francolin.
Urban life in Botswana is modest in scale but rising in complexity. Gaborone’s skyline is punctuated by the twin spires of the National Assembly, while its southern suburbs host the country’s nascent technology firms. Francistown, the “Capital of the North,” bears the patina of colonial mining camps and now supports a growing commerce in retail and education. Smaller towns—Jwaneng, center of the world’s richest diamond mine; Selebi‑Phikwe, once a copper‑nickel hub; Sowa Town by salt‑harvesting operations—have evolved administrative functions that anchor rural hinterlands.
Infrastructure extends cautiously across the country’s breadth: some 7,300 kilometres of paved roads link principal towns, while over 11,000 kilometres of gravel corridors traverse wildlife buffers and communal grazing lands. Rail lines, managed by Botswana Railways, run south to Lobatse and east to Zimbabwe, carrying both ore and passengers. Air transport, dominated by the national airline, provides lifelines to remote lodges and regional capitals; nearly ninety airports, of which a dozen have paved runways, accommodate domestic and cross‑border flights.
Power generation in Botswana rests on coal, with Morupule A and B stations supplying a majority of capacity, complemented by smaller plants at Orapa and Phakalane. An expanding strategy seeks to diversify toward wind, solar and biomass, with several large solar arrays planned to harness the country’s near‑constant sunshine. Imported oil fuels transport, underscoring the importance of long‑term energy security initiatives.
Botswana’s social fabric is woven predominantly from Tswana threads—about 79 percent of the population—alongside Kalanga, San, Herero, Hambukushu, Ndebele and other groups. Descendants of Indian settlers, who arrived in successive waves from eastern Africa and the subcontinent, contribute to urban commerce and professional life. English, the official tongue, coexists with Setswana, whose noun classes—Bo‑ for the country, Ba‑ for the people, Mo‑ for the individual and Se‑ for the language—emphasize communal identity. Further tongues include Kalanga, !Xóõ, Sarwa and Afrikaans, a remnant of nineteenth‑century trade.
Religious life mirrors this plurality. An estimated three quarters of citizens identify as Christian: Anglicans and Methodists preside over urban parishes; the United Congregational Church of Southern Africa maintains deep roots in rural communities. Roman Catholics, Lutherans and Baptists oversee mission schools and clinics. A modest Muslim minority, numbering some 5,000, and a smaller Hindu presence worship alongside adherents of the Bahá’í Faith. One in five Batswana claim no religious affiliation, reflecting a broader trend toward secular outlooks among younger generations.
Artistic expression in Botswana bridges millennia. The earliest art appears in the Kalahari’s rock shelters, where the San painted hunting scenes and animal figures more than twenty thousand years ago. Today, basket weaving endures as a vital craft. In Etsha and Gumare, women plait mokola palm into lidded baskets striped with local dyes; the larger pieces serve to store grain, while shallower trays sift millet or maize. Embellished with geometric patterns, they bear both function and aesthetic weight in rural homesteads and international galleries.
Music, too, remains anchored in vocal tradition. Varied percussion—clapping hands or striking the phathisi drum—sets the rhythm for segaba strings, an instrument akin to an erhu. The setinkane, a miniature thumb piano, accompanies folk songs that recount seasonal cycles and ancestral lore. In urban venues, contemporary bands blend guitar‑based rhythms with traditional percussion, evoking both local pride and pan‑African sensibilities.
Cuisine in Botswana speaks plainly of resourcefulness. Seswaa, the national dish, consists of slow‑cooked beef or goat lightly seasoned, then pounded into tender shreds. Pap, a maize porridge, often accompanies seswaa, its blandness offset by the meat’s savory richness. Bogobe jo lerotse, cooked with melon flesh and sour milk, provides a sour counterpoint at communal feasts. Mopane worms—harvested seasonally from mopane trees—deliver protein to rural diets, roasted or dried and stewed with tomatoes and onions. These dishes reflect the rhythm of rain and drought, of communal sharing and the endurance of local tradition.
In the span of a few decades, Botswana has transformed from one of the world’s poorest territories—its per capita income in the late 1960s scarcely seventy US dollars—into an upper‑middle‑income nation with a purchasing‑power GNI per person around twenty thousand US dollars as of 2024. The prosperity, however, is not uniform: unemployment persists near twenty‑five percent overall, and youth unemployment approaches fifty percent. Multidimensional poverty affects one in six households, despite social grants and expanding public services.
Membership in the Southern African Customs Union and the Southern African Development Community anchors Botswana in regional trade, while Commonwealth and United Nations affiliations extend its diplomatic reach. The Botswana Tourism Organisation promotes eco‑friendly lodges and concession partnerships that limit vehicle traffic and support local guardianship of wildlife. This model balances revenue generation with conservation imperatives.
Botswana’s trajectory remains one of cautious optimism. Beneath the endless sky, between desert and delta, a society steered by prudent governance and buoyed by natural wealth charts its course. The land’s stillness conceals both history and ambition: the pale dunes of the Kalahari bear footprints of ancient hunters, the channels of the Okavango record the passage of migratory herds, and in towns and villages alike, citizens shape a modern nation arduous in its demands, yet generous in its promise.
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As the sun rises over the Okavango Delta, herds of elephants emerge from the mist, reminding any visitor why Botswana remains a premier safari destination. From remote salt pans to local craft markets, this sparsely populated nation offers intimate encounters with nature and culture. These vivid scenes – from a lion’s silhouette at dawn to a circle of flamingos on a seasonal lagoon – explain why Botswana draws travelers seeking authentic wilderness experiences. This guide covers every aspect of planning a trip to this extraordinary country.
Botswana is celebrated for its unmatched wildlife densities. National parks and private reserves teem with elephants, buffalo, lions, leopards, and rhinos (the “Big Five”), as well as endangered wild dogs, cheetahs, and rare antelopes. Many African game species are easier to see here than in more crowded parks. For example, Chobe National Park hosts some of Africa’s largest elephant herds, often seen wading in the Chobe River at sunset. Safari lodges in Botswana are often situated in private concessions where guides can track game off-road or on nocturnal drives, giving guests exclusive wildlife encounters.
Much of Botswana is open country, with over one-third officially protected as national parks or wildlife areas. Vast sections of the Kalahari Desert, the Okavango wetlands, and the expansive Makgadikgadi salt pans remain virtually untouched by roads or crowds. In these wild spaces, even ordinary moments become magical: imagine a herd of springbok outlined in golden light or a lone gemsbok atop a red sand dune at dusk. After seasonal rains, Central Kalahari flowers bloom and desert creatures gather at rare waterholes. This solitude and vast scale give travelers a profound sense of adventure.
Botswana’s culture adds warmth to any itinerary. About three-quarters of the population are ethnic Tswana, living in towns and villages with communal traditions. Greeting someone properly is very important – a respectful “Dumela” (hello) in Setswana goes far. Visitors enjoy local music and dance at festivals or village events. For example, Gaborone’s Maitisong Arts Festival (in October) brings theater and music to life. In rural areas, one can visit a traditional homestead, try handmade crafts, or listen to folk stories about the San (Bushmen) heritage. The polite friendliness of the people and the simplicity of daily life provide a pleasing balance to Botswana’s wild landscapes.
Botswana is a landlocked country in southern Africa, about the size of France (roughly 580,000 km²). It borders Namibia to the west, South Africa to the south, Zimbabwe to the northeast, and a short boundary with Zambia in the north. The geography is dominated by the flat Kalahari Desert (covering about 70% of the country) and the Okavango Delta in the northwest. There are also large salt flats like the Makgadikgadi Pans. The climate is semi-arid: summers (November–March) are very hot (often above 35°C) with seasonal rains, while winters (April–October) are dry and sunny. Nights can be cool (dropping below 10°C in winter), making it an excellent safari season.
The official languages are English and Setswana. English is used in government and business, while Setswana is spoken by most Batswana in daily life. Other local languages include Kalanga, Sekgalagadi, and various San languages in bush communities. Learning a few phrases (like “Dumela” or “Tsau” for hello) is polite and appreciated by locals.
The currency is the Botswana Pula (BWP). One pula is divided into 100 thebe, and “pula” means “rain” in Setswana – a reminder of how vital rain is here. ATMs dispense pula in cities and major towns. Hotels and lodges often accept US dollars or South African rand, but carrying some pula is recommended for small purchases, tips, and rural expenses. Credit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are widely accepted in cities and larger establishments.
Botswana has about 2.5 million people (2025 estimate), making it one of the world’s least densely populated countries. The majority identify as Tswana (with tribes like the Bangwato, Bakwena, etc.), along with Kalanga, Basarwa (San), and smaller groups. Most Batswana live near the capital or in villages. The capital, Gaborone, has around 250,000 residents. Francistown and Maun are other notable cities (each 50,000–100,000 people).
Life in Botswana is generally peaceful and stable. The country is often praised for good governance and safety. Local traditions are strong: families are close-knit and community decisions often happen at the village kgotla (assembly). Gaborone itself, though relatively small, is modern – featuring malls, cafes, and cultural sites like the National Museum. City life blends African markets with urban parks and restaurants, offering a glimpse of contemporary Botswana alongside the countryside.
Botswana is one of Africa’s safer destinations. There is no armed conflict, and the political system is stable. Violent crime against visitors is very rare. However, petty crimes can occur: pickpocketing, handbag snatches or car break-ins have been reported, especially in cities and crowded spots. Always lock your car, keep valuables out of sight, and be cautious at ATMs. Use hotel safes for passports and extra cash. Travel in groups after dark in cities, and avoid deserted areas at night.
Botswana’s roads are generally safe, but exercise care. Major highways are paved, but many secondary roads are dirt tracks. Drive defensively: watch for livestock on the road, potholes, and loose sand. Do not travel after dark in the bush, as wildlife (elephants, baboons, cattle) may wander onto roads. Always buckle up and follow the left-hand driving rule. Fuel stations can be many hours apart in remote regions – carry a spare gasoline container and plenty of water. If hiring a car, ensure you have a road-worthy 4×4 (2WD is inadequate for most parks) and a spare tire.
Traveler Tip: Keep a copy of your itinerary and emergency contacts (hotel, tour operator, embassy) in your luggage and with family at home. In an emergency, contact your country’s embassy or consulate in Gaborone for assistance.
Healthcare quality varies by location. Major hospitals and clinics in Gaborone or Francistown offer good basic care. Many doctors trained abroad practice in cities, and private clinics are available. However, outside cities medical facilities can be very basic. In remote camps, expect only first-aid kits. In serious emergencies, evacuation (often by helicopter or plane to South Africa) may be necessary. Therefore, travel insurance that covers medical evacuation is strongly recommended.
Vaccinations: No inoculations are mandatory for entry (except a Yellow Fever certificate if arriving from an infected country). It is prudent to be up to date on routine shots (MMR, tetanus, etc.). Vaccines for hepatitis A and typhoid are commonly advised. Malaria is a concern in the northern half of Botswana during the rainy season (roughly November–June). If traveling to the Okavango, Chobe or any northern region in that period, take anti-malarial medication and use insect repellent. The southern Kalahari and Gaborone are malaria-free year-round.
Water & Food: Tap water in cities is treated and generally safe. Many travelers still prefer bottled water, especially in rural areas. Avoid ice unless you know it’s from purified water. Eat fully cooked foods; raw salads are best in well-regarded restaurants. Basic stomach upsets can occur, so carry medication for diarrhea and drink plenty of fluids.
Wildlife Precautions: Stray dogs and other animals can carry rabies. Never feed or touch stray cats/dogs. If bitten, wash the wound immediately and seek rabies treatment. In the parks, obey guides: never leave a vehicle unless your guide says it’s safe, keep noise low, and do not approach animals too closely. If you stick to safari rules, wildlife encounters should pose no health risk beyond sun and mosquitoes.
Botswana is relatively progressive on LGBTQ rights. Same-sex relationships have been legal since 2019, and discrimination is not enforced. Major cities and tourist lodges are welcoming to all visitors. There are no travel restrictions for LGBTQ travelers. However, Botswana is socially conservative outside urban areas. Public displays of affection (by any couple) are uncommon in villages. Same-sex couples should be discreet in remote areas. In practice, most LGBTQ travelers report a respectful and friendly environment. Big safari camps and group tours rarely have any issues, and the emphasis in Botswana is on wildlife and culture rather than personal matters.
Botswana’s climate has two main seasons:
Shoulder periods (April–May, September–October) have fewer tourists but weather extremes (dust and heat in October, lingering greenery in April). In summary, June–August is optimal for classic safaris, while December–March offers lush landscapes and birding (with the caveat of rain).
Botswana has relatively few large festivals, but a few highlights: – Botswana Day – September 30th marks Independence Day, celebrated with parades and cultural performances nationwide. – Maitisong Arts Festival – Early October in Gaborone, featuring music, theater and dance from across southern Africa. – Gaborone Marathon – An annual sporting event held mid-year (June/July). – Kalanga Cultural Festival – Celebrates the Kalanga people’s heritage (usually October/November). – Kgafela/Phikwe Harvest Festival – Traditional harvest celebrations occur in northern villages during the rainy season. Travelers should also look for smaller community events (church bazaars, cattle fairs, tribal games day), often advertised locally. Most festivals take place in the dry season (April–November) when travel is easiest.
Citizens of the USA, EU, UK, Canada, Australia, South Africa and many other countries do not need a visa for tourist stays up to 90 days. Visitors must have a passport valid for at least 6 months after the entry date. Nationals not on the visa-exempt list must obtain a visa before traveling (no visa-on-arrival for these). Each visitor typically needs to show an onward or return ticket and may be asked to prove sufficient funds and accommodation. To be safe, check the latest requirements through the nearest Botswana embassy or official site.
If you do need a visa, apply at a Botswana embassy or consulate with enough lead time. Requirements usually include an application form, passport photo, flight itinerary, hotel bookings, and a fee. Processing generally takes a few days. Botswana has begun offering e-visas online for certain countries – check the official immigration site. Keep in mind that travelers crossing overland (e.g. driving from South Africa or Botswana) will clear customs at a land border post. All procedures are similar: fill forms, present documents, and get an entry stamp.
Botswana does not mandate any vaccinations for entry, except: arriving travelers from a Yellow Fever risk country must show a valid Yellow Fever shot certificate. Other than that, no vaccine is compulsory. As a precaution, doctors usually advise routine shots (measles, tetanus, etc.), plus hepatitis A and typhoid for travelers. Malaria prophylaxis is recommended if visiting Okavango, Chobe or northern regions between November and June. It’s wise to pack insect repellent and any necessary personal medications. Carrying a basic medical kit (including hand sanitizer, bandages) is prudent, as small towns may have limited pharmacies.
Most visitors arrive via air. Botswana’s main international airport is Sir Seretse Khama Airport (GBE) near Gaborone. There are no direct flights from Europe or the Americas; most travelers connect through a major hub. Common routes are via Johannesburg (Air Botswana or Airlink flights to Gaborone or Maun) or Addis Ababa (Ethiopian Airlines to Gaborone). Air Botswana offers daily service from Johannesburg to Gaborone (about 1 hour) and flights to Maun. Kasane International Airport serves the Chobe area with flights from Johannesburg. Many choose to fly into Johannesburg (or Cape Town) and then take a regional flight to Botswana.
Botswana is reachable by road from neighboring countries. The Trans-Kalahari Highway connects South Africa with Gaborone via Lobatse border post. Daily buses link Johannesburg to Gaborone and Francistown. From Namibia, the Mamuno/Ngoma border leads into western Botswana; travelers can then take paved roads east. Crossing from Zambia or Zimbabwe usually uses the Kazungula Bridge (Zambia) into Kasane or the Plumtree border into Francistown. If driving, make sure you have an international driving permit (if required by your country) and all car paperwork. Cars entering Botswana must have third-party insurance (the “Yellow Card”), available at most borders.
Key land crossings: – Ramatlabama (RSA–Botswana near Mafikeng): Connects to Gaborone/Lobatse. – Ramotswa: Another South Africa entry near Gaborone. – Kazungula Bridge (Zambia–Botswana): Modern 24/7 crossing over the Zambezi River into Kasane. – Ngoma Bridge (Namibia–Botswana): River crossing (daytime hours) leading to Chobe. – Plumtree (Zimbabwe–Botswana): Near Francistown; busy on holidays. – Mamuno (Namibia–Botswana): Near Ghanzi for Kalahari travel. At each, expect passport checks and customs inspections. Cameras and electronics might be X-rayed. Cars may undergo dip-tank sanitation for bushfire/plant pests. Lines can be long on weekends or holidays – arrive early.
Due to vast distances, many safaris use domestic flights. Air Botswana runs small aircraft linking Gaborone, Maun, Kasane, and Francistown. Charter airlines (Mack Air, Wilderness Air, etc.) shuttle guests from these hubs to remote bush airstrips. A flight from Gaborone to Maun takes about 1½ hours. Keep in mind baggage weight limits (usually ~15–20 kg on charters). Booking ahead is recommended in high season. Flying saves time, especially when hopping between distant parks, though it adds cost.
Self-Drive: Many adventurous visitors rent a 4×4 (often with a roof tent) in Gaborone, Francistown or Maun. The major roads between cities are paved, but once you enter parks or concessions, most roads are dirt that require 4WD. Driving yourself offers freedom: you explore at your own pace, stop when you like, and use campsites or lodges as you choose. Expect to pay daily park fees for your vehicle. Fuel up whenever possible – distances are long (and can double on rough roads). Navigation is straightforward in parks with clear signage, but carry maps or GPS as backup.
Guided Tours: Alternatively, guided safaris handle logistics for you. This can mean being met at the airport and driven between camps, or joining a fixed-route safari (camping or lodge-based). Guides point out wildlife and handle permits, meals, and driving. Group tours (4–12 people) can reduce cost per person. Luxury lodges also include guided game drives. Guided tours are convenient and educational, but offer less spontaneity.
Public transit in Botswana is minimal. Intercity buses run on main routes (e.g. Gaborone–Francistown, Gaborone–Kasane) on fixed schedules. Minibuses (“combis”) connect smaller towns, but schedules are irregular and they fill up quickly. These options are slow and not very comfortable for tourists with luggage. In cities, metered taxis operate, but often require advance booking. Ride-hailing apps have limited presence. Overall, for tourists it’s practical to fly or rent a car. If attempting public transport, plan extra time and have local cash.
A UNESCO World Heritage site, the Okavango Delta is Botswana’s crown jewel. This inland river delta turns desert into a lush web of lagoons, palms and floodplains. Wildlife thrives here: herds of elephants and buffalo bathe in the channels, hippos and crocodiles lurk along the banks, and lions and leopards patrol the islands. Hundreds of bird species—fish eagles, herons, jacanas—scallop the waters, and large flocks of flamingos sometimes color the marshes. Game drives are joined by boat and dugout canoe excursions, creating a unique safari experience. Key sectors include Moremi Game Reserve (government-run, with campsites and lodges) and private concessions (e.g. Chief’s Island, Khwai) that allow after-dark drives. Accommodations range from basic bush camps to ultra-luxury tented lodges deep in the delta.
In northern Botswana, Chobe National Park is famous for its elephant population. The Chobe Riverfront (by Kasane) sees herds of up to 50,000 elephants during the dry season. Boat safaris on the river bring guests eye-to-eye with wading elephants and crocs. Inland, Chobe’s western Savute region is periodically flooded by an ancient channel, creating seasonal wetlands rich in wildlife. Savute is famed for predator action—lion prides and hyenas roam the marshes in pursuit of buffalo and antelope. Birdlife along the riverfront includes African skimmers, fish eagles and colorful kingfishers. Most travelers combine Chobe with nearby Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe/Zambia) or with eastern Botswana reserves.
Bordering the Okavango Delta, Moremi Game Reserve (4,800 km²) offers perhaps Botswana’s finest all-round safari. Established by local tribes in 1963, it contains both wetlands and dry woodlands. Large buffalo herds feed along its beaches, and lions rest in shady groves. Leopards cruise the palm-lined channels. Moremi’s mix of habitats means it has nearly every species found in Botswana. Major areas include Xakanaxa Lagoon (famous for boat safaris) and the Third Bridge sector (known for sightings of cheetah and wild dog). Camping and lodges inside Moremi provide direct access to wildlife without lengthy drives.
The Makgadikgadi salt pans are starkly beautiful. Once a vast lake, now the pans are gleaming white clay flats stretching to the horizon. In the dry season they sparkle under the sun; after the rains they flood into temporary lakes. These floods trigger wildlife spectacles: large herds of zebra and wildebeest cross the pans to feed on new grass, accompanied by predators on their heels. Lesser and greater flamingos flock to the shallow waters for breeding. Near the pans lies Nxai Pan, famous for a seasonal zebra migration and ancient baobab trees. Visitors often drive across the pans at sunrise (4×4 required) or watch a full moon illuminate the desert night. Kubu Island, with its iconic baobabs, makes a magical picnic stop amid the salt.
This is the heart of the Kalahari Desert. The Central Kalahari (52,000 km²) is one of the largest game parks in the world and offers a true wilderness experience. Here, endless red sand dunes and grasslands stretch away to the horizon. Wildlife is sparser but very special: black-maned desert lions roam the acacia scrub, and brown hyenas patrol at night. Oryx (gemsbok), springbok, and elusive black-faced impala graze between thorn trees. Cheetah and wild dog are resident too. Visiting the Kalahari requires careful planning (4×4, permits, fuel and water). Camping under the brilliant night sky and listening to hyenas in the distance is unforgettable. The Kalahari is also cultural homeland of the San people; some tours include visits to San villages to learn hunting and tracking traditions.
Northwest of the Delta stand the Tsodilo Hills – four rugged rocks rising out of the Kalahari plain. This is Botswana’s most important archaeological site, known as the “Louvre of the Desert.” San rock artists created over 4,500 paintings here, depicting eland, giraffes and human figures. A hike (guided, for a small fee) rewards with up-close views of famous panels, including the Male and Female Hill galleries. The views from the top span across Botswana, Namibia and Angola on a clear day. Tsodilo is sacred to local people and offers a profound connection to ancient human heritage, in a semi-desert setting quite unlike Botswana’s wetland parks.
Even the cities have their charms. Gaborone, Botswana’s capital, is a clean, modern city at the edge of the bush. Visitors can browse crafts at the Main Mall market and dine on local dishes (spoiler: don’t miss the seswaa beef stew). The Botswana National Museum and nearby Mokolodi Wildlife Sanctuary (rhinos and antelope) offer short wildlife or cultural excursions close to town. A nearby highlight is Kgale Hill – a short hike rewards with panoramic sunset views over Gaborone. Other stops: Francistown (mining heritage, game farm visits), Maun (the Delta gateway with a lively riverbank market), and small town Kasane (access point for Chobe). These stops introduce travelers to Batswana city life, shops, crafts and cuisine, rounding out the wild parts of the trip.
Botswana offers a range of safari styles. Fly-in safaris are very popular: tourists charter light planes to remote camps. Lodges in Botswana range from fixed luxury tented camps (where you sleep in permanent structures) to mobile camping safaris, where a crew sets up a new tented camp each night and moves with you. Each day you follow the wildlife on guided drives, then rest under canvas that evening. Lodge-based safaris have fixed accommodation – guests stay in the same camp for several nights, with daily game drives into the surrounding concession.
For the independent, self-drive safaris are possible: rent a sturdy 4×4 and explore at your own pace. Botswana’s parks (Chobe, Moremi, Central Kalahari) have public campsites and basic chalets. Self-drivers pay park fees per vehicle and handle all logistics (fuel, food, camping gear). This is the most flexible and cheapest way to visit, but requires careful planning. Guided tours, by contrast, are more expensive but cover all arrangements. Many travelers combine both styles: perhaps doing a couple of nights self-drive, then joining a guided camp for deeper adventures.
A typical day starts at dawn. After a quick breakfast, your guide will head out on a game drive when predators and other wildlife are most active. Drives last a few hours; expect to trek over dust roads and stop by waterholes. Return to camp or lodge by midday heat. In the early afternoon you might have a nap or attend a short talk by naturalists. Then just before sunset, it’s time for the second drive. This can go into the dark, especially in private concessions where night drives are allowed; such drives can reveal nocturnal animals like bush babies or owls. In the Okavango, water-based safaris replace some drives: guests may glide silently in a mokoro (dugout canoe) or motorboat, watching birds and hippos.
Accommodation will often be all-inclusive. Camps provide either set meals or picnic lunches. Lodges serve dinner around communal tables, and after-dark guests gather around a campfire to recount sightings (or relax under starlight). Always follow guide instructions: stay seated and keep noise low near animals. Remember sun protection (hats, sunscreen) and insect repellent in summer. A good pair of binoculars and a camera with zoom lens are must-haves.
Botswana is home to an incredible array of animals: – Big Five: Lions and leopards lurk in woodlands and riverine forests. Elephants are ubiquitous in parks like Chobe and Okavango. Buffalo herds move in the grasslands. Rhinos are scarce (a few exist in special sanctuaries; white rhino are extinct except in reintroduction sites). – Wild dog: Packs of African wild dogs thrive here, with some of the continent’s highest densities in Moremi and Central Kalahari. – Cheetah: Often seen in open areas such as the Kalahari or Nxai Pan, hunting in daylight. – Zebra & Wildebeest: Large migrations occur in the rainy season across the pans. – Antelopes & Giraffes: Impala, springbok, gemsbok (oryx) and giraffes are abundant. Kudu and eland are common in woodlands. – Birds: Over 500 species: iconic ones include African fish eagle, saddle-billed stork, and carmine bee-eater. Wetlands host herons, pelicans and flamingos, while raptors soar in the dry skies. – Small creatures: Don’t miss the tiny ones – meerkats squeak on the salt pans, honey badgers dig burrows, and the night may reveal genets or civets.
Each park has its stars: in Chobe, expect to see elephants by the bushel; in the Delta, hippos galore; in the Kalahari, rare desert lions. Because Botswana’s safari lodges limit visitor numbers, animals here often behave naturally, even near vehicles, creating memorable wildlife encounters.
Day 1: Arrive in Maun (Okavango hub) or Gaborone, transfer to a Delta lodge. Relax or take an evening mokoro ride.
Days 2–4: Spend 3 nights in the Okavango region (e.g. Moremi/Chief’s Island). Enjoy morning and afternoon game drives, boat cruises and mokoro excursions. Wildlife highlights include elephants, buffalo, hippos and the possibility of lion sightings.
Days 5–6: Travel to Chobe National Park (via charter flight or road). Base yourself near Kasane. Do dawn and dusk game drives in the park (riverfront and Savute areas). Take a sunset boat cruise on the Chobe River, watching thousands of elephants gather.
Day 7: Return to Maun/Gaborone for departure. This itinerary hits the big draws – the Okavango’s water safaris and Chobe’s elephants – with minimal transit.
For a longer trip, add wilderness sectors:
– Okavango (Days 1–3): Same as above, 3 days in the Delta.
– Chobe (Days 4–5): Then 2 days in Chobe for river safaris and northern wildlife.
– Central Kalahari (Days 6–7): Drive southwest into the Central Kalahari for 2 nights. Camp under the stars and seek desert lions and oryx on drives across the dunes. Learn about San culture on a guided walk.
– Makgadikgadi (Days 8–9): Head east to Makgadikgadi. Stay near Nxai Pan. From here you can visit the salt pan for sunrise, see meerkats at sunset, or cross to Kubu Island.
– Day 10: Return to Maun/Gaborone. This route covers Botswana’s major landscapes – wetlands, riverfront, desert – for a comprehensive safari.
Botswana can be great for families with older kids. One plan:
– Gaborone (Day 1): Arrive in Gaborone; optional stop at the Gaborone Game Reserve or Lion Park on way to Delta.
– Okavango (Days 2–5): Transfer to a child-friendly Delta lodge for 3 nights. Choose a camp with family activities (some offer starbeds or sleep-outs with guides). Kids often love mokoro rides and learning animal tracks.
– Chobe (Days 6–7): Move on to Chobe. Boat safaris are fun and relaxing for children. Stay in a comfortable lodge or campsite with a pool.
– Days 8–9: If children are younger, return to Gaborone early and enjoy the Botswana National Museum or a giraffe center. Older children might handle another night camping at Nxai Pan.
– Day 10: Fly or drive home. Make sure to schedule plenty of breaks, bring favorite snacks, and pack motion sickness tablets and mosquito repellent for everyone.
Traveling on a budget means self-driving and camping:
– Route: Fly into Johannesburg and self-drive north into Botswana. Entry via Ramotswa to Gaborone, or via Plumtree to Francistown.
– Chobe (Days 1–2): Drive up to Kasane (via Francistown and Nata). Camp at Chobe River campsite or Ihaha. Explore Chobe NP by self-drive (permit obtained at Kasane airport or border).
– Okavango (Days 3–4): Continue west to Maun. From Maun, enter Moremi Game Reserve or Okavango concessions. Camp at authorized sites like Southgate or Third Bridge. Day drives look for wildlife; an optional mokoro excursion can be booked.
– Central Kalahari (Days 5–6): Head southwest via Ghanzi into the Kalahari. Camp at Deception Valley (if open) or at the Xade Campsite. Experience the desert and wildlife like brown hyenas and springbok.
– Return (Days 7–8): Drive back via Ghanzi to Gaborone. Optional stop at Nata Lodge to see salt pans.
– Days 9–10: Spend end of trip in Gaborone or nearby forest reserves.
By camping ($5–$20 per person per night) and cooking your own meals, this itinerary keeps costs low. Fuel will be a main expense, as well as park fees (~$35/day). Basic lodges along the way can substitute camping if needed. This route can be done in about 10 days, although extending it with more park nights is ideal if time permits.
For ultimate comfort, consider all-inclusive lodge safaris:
– Days 1–2: Fly into Gaborone, then charter to an ultra-luxury camp on Chief’s Island or Linyanti. Spend two nights on private game drives, sleep-out decks, and fine dining under the stars.
– Days 3–4: Charter to a Chobe Riverfront lodge for two nights. Enjoy guided boat and 4×4 safaris, spa treatments, and gourmet meals while elephants parade by.
– Days 5–6: Fly to a deluxe camp on the Makgadikgadi Pans (if seasonal lodges are open). Activities include guided quad-bike rides on the pans and a full-moon dance under the endless sky.
– Days 7–8: Move to a remote Kalahari camp in Deception Valley for two nights. Relax with a massage, learn San tracking, and search for black-maned lions.
– Day 9: Return to Maun or Gaborone for a final night at a luxury hotel or lodge.
Each location offers private guides, transfer vehicles, and all meals and drinks included. Such an itinerary costs thousands of dollars per person but provides unparalleled service and exclusivity.
Botswana is known for its high-end safari lodges. These often feature spacious tented suites or lodges with private verandas overlooking the bush. Rates (usually all-inclusive) include gourmet meals, game drives, and transfers. Luxury camps, such as those by Wilderness Safaris or Belmond, offer plush amenities – often indoor/outdoor showers, sun decks, and even plunge pools. Dining is top-notch (three-course meals, fine wine), and service is personalized. Popular regions for luxury stays are the Okavango Delta (private concessions) and Chobe riverfront. Note that these camps often fill up a year in advance for peak season, so plan early if you want the splurge.
For more moderate budgets, Botswana has plenty of mid-range lodges and guesthouses. These lodges provide comfortable rooms (air-conditioning, private bath) and usually a restaurant. They might serve breakfast and dinner, allowing lunch on your own. Some family-run safari camps in smaller parks offer simple cabins or large safari tents at about $150–$300 per night (with some meals).
Government-run tourist lodges also exist in parks like Moremi and Chobe. They have basic chalets or huts with bedding and communal facilities. Campsites ($5–$20 per person) at these parks have tents or caravan spots with showers and braai stands. Hostels and guesthouses in Gaborone, Maun or Francistown can be found for $20–$50 per night (shared dorms or simple private rooms).
For wilderness on a budget, consider public campsites: these are bare-bones (open-air restrooms, no electricity) but cost a fraction of lodges. Bring your own gear or rent equipment in Maun. Another affordable option is mobile camping tours, where you pay per person for a camping safari that provides communal tents and meals (these tours still tend to run ~$200/day, but include everything).
Camping is a great way to save money and connect with nature. Nearly all game reserves have designated campsites. National park camps (Moremi, Chobe, Kalahari, Nxai Pan) charge roughly BWP 100–200 per person (adult). Sites have braai (barbecue) stands, water taps and some lighting. You must bring your own tent or rent in advance. Many campsites offer self-catering chalets with kitchenettes if you book ahead (cost ~BWP 200–300 per person). Cooking your own food (groceries from town supermarkets) cuts costs significantly.
Outside parks, travel lodges along main roads sometimes allow camping on-site (with permission and small fee). Wild camping (without paying) is generally not allowed and discouraged due to wildlife hazards. Always leave no trace: pack out all garbage, bury biodegradable waste well away from water, and minimize campfire use. Public campground hosts or park rangers will check in on campers and ensure rules are followed.
Botswana’s cuisine is hearty and based on staple crops and meat. The national dish is seswaa: slow-cooked, shredded beef (or goat) seasoned simply with salt and pepper. It’s typically eaten over pap, a thick porridge made from maize meal (similar to polenta). Another common dish is morogo (wild spinach stew). Barbecue (“braai”) culture is strong: grilled meats and sausages (like boerewors) are favorites.
For adventurous eaters, the mopane worm (dried caterpillar of the mopane moth) is a local delicacy – crunchy like a potato chip. Blood sausage and goat stew are also traditional in rural homes. Breakfast is often nothing fancy – tea/coffee with bread or porridge. Botswana has its own sorghum beer (Chibuku) and brewpubs sometimes serve local ales. Most lodges provide international cuisine as well, so you can balance local dishes with familiar foods.
In cities, you’ll find a variety of restaurants and cafes: – Gaborone: Mall restaurants (burgers, pizza, Chinese, Indian), plus casual locals’ spots (grills and steakhouses). The Main Mall also has an outdoor goat barbecues on weekends (various grilled meats on skewers).
– Maun & Francistown: Smaller selection, but basic cafes, steakhouses, and local braai spots exist. Hotels often serve buffet dinners with local and international dishes. – Lodges and camps: Meals are usually included. Lodges serve breakfast, a packed lunch (if on the move), and a buffet dinner. Expect salad starters, meat or fish mains, and desserts. Vegetarian and children’s meals are typically available if requested.
If you’re self-driving, small roadside stands sometimes grill kapana (barbecued beef or game, sold by the kilogram) – a cheap, tasty treat. Always drink bottled water when uncertain. Alcoholic drinks (wine, beer) are safe; avoid tap water or ice in rural settings.
Botswana’s traditional cuisine is meat-heavy. Vegetarians or vegans should plan ahead: lodges can accommodate special diets with notice, but choices may be limited in remote areas. Common sides like pap, rice, and vegetables are available, but don’t count on elaborate vegetarian fare. Lactose-intolerant travelers should ask for milk alternatives in coffees if needed. Halal meat is not guaranteed (except South Asian restaurants in Gaborone), as most Africans eat beef and chicken (pork is rare). If you have serious food allergies, notify your hotel or guide; big camps can usually handle requests, but small eateries might not speak English well. Always carry any prescription medications with you.
Batswana are warm and polite. Some customs to respect: – Greetings: Always greet people before starting a conversation. A handshake (often prolonged and using both hands) and a smile are common. Titles (“Rra” for Mr., “Mma” for Mrs.) followed by a name or “motsala” (friend) show respect. When entering shops or a home, say hello and ask how people are. – Respect: Botswana has a tradition of consensus; community decisions often happen at the kgotla (village meeting). Publicly criticizing someone is frowned upon. Elderly people are honored – for example, you typically wait for them to sit first in a meeting. – Dress: Modesty is valued. In rural areas, cover shoulders and knees. Swimwear is fine at lodges or hotel pools but not worn elsewhere. – Photography: Ask permission before photographing people. Some might want a small tip. Always avoid sensitive sites (military, border, government buildings). – Religion: Christianity is widespread, so churchgoers dress smartly on Sundays. Still, you can wear casual attire to services, just cover shoulders and knees.
Tipping is appreciated but not obligatory. In restaurants or lodges, leaving about 10% for good service is customary (check if a service charge is included first). Safari guides and camp staff rely on tips: a typical guideline is $5–$10 USD per guest per day, to be divided among guides, trackers and camp crew. Porters and lodge staff appreciate small tips (a few pula or $1–$2 per bag/service). Because many camp workers earn modest wages, these tips supplement their income. When tipping locals (e.g. market sellers), small gifts or a few pula are kind, but avoid becoming a beggar magnet – if children ask, it’s often better to give pens or snacks than money.
Casual clothing is fine in Botswana, but follow safari norms: wear neutral, earthy colors (khaki, greens, browns) to blend with the environment and not startle animals. Long sleeves and pants protect against sun and insects. During winter evenings (June–August), temperatures can drop, so pack a fleece or jacket. In cities, smart casual is standard (shorts are acceptable in hot weather, but avoid overly short or tight clothing). Always bring a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses – the sun is intense. Comfortable hiking shoes or boots are important for rough paths. If visiting a local village, dress conservatively (cover shoulders and knees). In luxury lodges, diners often dress up slightly (e.g. khakis and button-up shirts in the evening).
Pack for both heat and cool nights: – Clothing: Lightweight long-sleeve shirts and trousers in neutral tones (to protect from sun/mosquitoes). A warm sweater or fleece and a beanie for cold nights in winter. A rain jacket if traveling in January–March.
– Footwear: Sturdy closed shoes or hiking boots for game drives and walking. Sandals or flip-flops for around camp.
– Accessories: Wide-brimmed hat, UV sunglasses, strong sunscreen and lip balm. Insect repellent (DEET) is essential. A rechargeable flashlight or headlamp for camps.
– Camera Gear: Binoculars, a camera with extra batteries and memory cards. A portable phone charger or solar charger is useful.
– Health Kit: Personal medications (with prescriptions), painkillers, anti-diarrhea meds, rehydration salts, basic first-aid items (bandages, antiseptic).
– Documents: Passport (and visa if needed), travel insurance, driver’s license. Leave copies of important papers in a separate bag or email them to yourself.
– Money & Gear: Botswana plug adapters (Type G, 230V). Credit cards and some cash in small bills (pula or dollars). Daypack for drives (to carry water, camera, etc.). – Outdoor Gear (if camping): Sleeping bag (0°C rating for winter), camping mat, cutlery and plate if self-catering, reusable water bottle.
Packing Tip: Dress in layers. Even on safari days, mornings can be chilly; afternoons get hot. A neutral-colored scarf can double as sun cover and mosquito shield.
Botswana’s economy is relatively strong (partly due to diamonds), but travel can be costly. Budgets should reflect that. Assume about $150–$300 per person per day on a mid-range independent trip (including lodging, food, local transport). High-end safaris will be far more.
Some specifics: Restaurants and bars are moderately priced ($5–$20 per meal); park fees are ~BWP 35–40 per adult per day. Renting a car costs ~$50–$100 per day plus fuel (about P13–P15 per liter). On budget, shopping at supermarkets and cooking cuts costs.
Carry some local cash in pula. ATMs (Dispense pula) are in major towns. Credit cards work at major hotels, lodges and larger shops, but many gas stations and rural venues only take cash. Inform your bank of your travel dates to avoid blocked transactions. When paying in lodges, USD or Euros are usually accepted at a poor exchange rate; better to use local currency if possible.
Mobile coverage is extensive around populated areas. For data, purchase a local SIM (providers: Mascom or Orange) at the airport or in town (passport required for registration). You can get internet packages for reasonable rates. Coverage reaches many camps, but not all – expect no signal at some remote lodges.
Most lodges and hotels offer Wi-Fi, though speeds are slow and may only cover communal areas. Don’t count on streaming video. If connectivity is vital, buy an international roaming plan or carry a portable satellite hotspot.
An offline map app (Maps.me, Google Maps offline) is very useful if driving yourself. Also consider an emergency satellite communicator or local SIM with data as a precaution in wilderness areas.
Botswana uses 230 volts (50 Hz) electricity. Plugs are typically Type G (three-prong British style) and sometimes Type D/M (Indian). Bring a universal adapter to cover these. Charging facilities are plentiful in Gaborone and big towns, but lodges may limit outlets. It’s wise to carry a power bank for cameras and phones.
Some remote camps use solar power: lights run for a set time each night, and plugs may be available for limited hours. Always turn off lights and unplug devices when not in use to conserve power.
Botswana’s malaria risk is limited to northern areas during the rainy season. If you travel to the Okavango, Chobe, or northern parks between November and June, take prophylactic medicine (atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, etc.) and use mosquito repellent. In southern and central Botswana (Gaborone, Kalahari), malaria is not an issue. Always sleep under nets or in screened accommodation if advised by local health guides.
General medical risks are low. Take standard precautions (wash hands, stay hydrated). Avoid swimming in stagnant lakes or slow-moving rivers, which can carry bilharzia (schistosomiasis). If camping, keep food covered to deter bugs and animals. Make sure your routine tetanus shot is up to date in case of cuts from thorny bushes.
For emergencies dial 999 for police, 998 for fire, or 992 for ambulance. These numbers work throughout Botswana. Save them in your phone. Note that ambulance response may be slow outside cities – most serious trauma requires air evacuation.
Carry the phone number of your guide or lodge manager. Also keep your embassy’s emergency contact. For example, the U.S. Embassy in Gaborone is reachable at +267-395-3982. In any crisis, rely on local authorities and your tour operator to coordinate assistance.
Tap water in hotels and restaurants is usually treated and drinkable. When unsure (especially in rural areas or camps), stick to bottled or boiled water. Don’t use ice cubes made from tap water outside cities unless asked. Eat fresh fruits and peeled vegetables; avoid food from street stalls if they don’t look clean. Overall, Botswana has good hygiene standards, but common-sense food safety will prevent most stomach upsets.
Botswana’s tap water is safe, but many locals prefer bottled. Alcohol is widely available (local beers and imported wines). Drink responsibly; the roads are unforgiving and public drunkenness can be frowned upon. Taxis or drivers are recommended if you go out for drinks. Remember that even local brew “Chibuku” is potent and can induce a rapid effect, so consume it as you would any hard drink.
Botswana is a leader in eco-friendly tourism. Roughly 37% of the land is set aside for wildlife. The country enforces a “High Value, Low Volume” strategy: there are relatively few camps, each charging premium rates that fund conservation. Anti-poaching patrols are active, and charities like the Botswana Predator Conservation Trust work to protect lions and wild dogs. By visiting, you contribute to these efforts through park fees and lodge levies.
As a traveler, follow all park rules: stick to roads and tracks, keep noise down, and carry out all trash. Use reef-safe sunscreen to protect water habitats. When sightseeing, respect any local wildlife regulations (for example, some areas forbid drone use). If offered an opportunity to support conservation directly (such as donating to a village school or a wildlife trust), consider doing so through reputable channels. Every contribution helps sustain Botswana’s wildlife.
One of Botswana’s tourism successes is community involvement. Many lodges are Batswana-owned, and staff are often local. By staying at these lodges and buying local crafts, you support the economy. Look for crafts markets in Gaborone and Maun: traditional baskets, wooden carvings and beadwork make great souvenirs. When purchasing, haggle politely – it’s expected.
When visiting villages or cultural sites, go with a guide from that community (often available through your camp). Put tips directly in hands of drivers, guides, or families who help on safari. Many camps give guests the chance to contribute school or medical supplies to local facilities; such contributions are appreciated if done thoughtfully. Avoid giving money directly to children, as it encourages begging. Instead, support community projects. Traveling responsibly means ensuring tourism income benefits ordinary Batswana.
Many Botswana camps emphasize low impact: they use solar power, pump water sparingly, and compost waste. Travelers can help by using refillable water bottles (some camps provide purified water filling stations) and by minimizing plastic (avoid single-use items). Support lodges that are proud of their green credentials – they often share their practices with guests.
In campsites or lodges that allow participation, consider joining a short eco-activity (like planting a tree, helping with water recycling, or monitoring a camera trap). Learning about local conservation programs (e.g. Botswana Predator Conservation, anti-poaching teams) enriches the experience. Respect pet and livestock rules – do not bring any animal from home, and if renting a car, make sure it doesn’t carry foreign soil or seeds that could become invasive.
Botswana’s parks are managed to protect ecosystems. Follow these guidelines: – Keep distance: Always maintain the recommended distance from animals (often ~30 meters, more for elephants and rhinos). Use binoculars and zoom lenses instead of approaching. – Do not feed wildlife: Even friendly-seeming animals should not be fed; human food can harm them and encourage dangerous behavior. – Stay on roads: Off-road driving damages vegetation and soil structure. It also disturbs animals in hidden ways. – No loud noises or music: Park rules forbid radios; keep voices low so as not to stress wildlife. – No littering: Pack out everything you bring in. Don’t throw organic waste near roads (even fruit peels can attract baboons or cause sanitation issues). – Strictly no fishing or hunting: Unless explicitly part of a lodge’s regulated activity, all wildlife viewing is passive. By following these practices, visitors help ensure the wilderness remains pristine for future travelers.
Is Botswana safe for families and LGBT travelers?
Botswana is generally very safe for all visitors. Family travel works well if children are older (6+), as distances can be long and safaris are outdoor-focused. Lodges that welcome families provide child-friendly activities. Wild animals and rivers present natural risks (supervise kids around water, on walks). Female travelers report feeling safe, though basic caution (not walking alone at night in cities) is always wise. LGBT travelers face no legal issues; same-sex relations are legal and major camps treat all guests equally. Rural areas are conservative, so couples (same or opposite sex) should exercise discretion with public affection.
Do I need a visa and what about health precautions?
Most Western nationals (US, EU, UK, etc.) get 90 days visa-free. Check if your country requires a visa – if so, obtain it before travel. Bring passports valid 6 months beyond departure. Health-wise, no vaccines are mandatory except Yellow Fever from certain countries. Many visitors get hepatitis and typhoid shots, and those going to the Okavango or Chobe in summer should take malaria pills. Botswana’s tap water is treated in cities, but bottled water is safer in remote areas.
How can I save money on my trip?
Botswana is not a budget destination, but you can cut costs by self-driving and camping. Book lodges well in advance for deals, and travel in the shoulder seasons (late spring or early autumn) when rates may be lower. Use local transport or join group tours instead of private charters. Eat some meals on your own (if driving) rather than only at lodges. Small guesthouses and public campsites save a lot compared to luxury lodges. Every pula you save on lodging and food can be spent on an extra game drive or a local craft!
Can I drink tap water in Botswana?
Tap water in big towns (Gaborone, Maun, Francistown) is chlorinated and safe to drink. However, at lodges and camps (especially in the bush), water quality can vary. Always confirm that water is treated before drinking. Many travelers stick to bottled water or refill bottles from filtered taps provided by lodges. When uncertain, use bottled water for drinking and for brushing teeth.
What wildlife can I expect to see?
Botswana offers the classic African wildlife package. The Big Five roam here (lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhino – though rhino sightings require special trips). Herds of elephants and buffalo are common in Chobe and the Okavango. You are likely to see giraffes, zebras, wildebeest and many antelopes (impala, springbok, kudu). Predators are abundant: lion prides, leopard in the trees, cheetahs racing on the pans, and packs of wild dogs on the move. Birders can expect flamingos on the salt pans, fish eagles by the delta, and colorful rollers and storks everywhere. Keep a camera ready – even small creatures like meerkats, hyraxes or hornbills are often spotted.
How do I book a safari in Botswana?
For guided safaris, the usual approach is to contact a safari operator or lodge with your travel dates and preferences. They’ll arrange flights or 4×4 transfers, park fees, and accommodation. Packages can range from camping tours to luxury lodge itineraries. If self-driving, you can book campsites and lodges via Botswana’s park websites or directly through lodges. It’s advisable to reserve everything at least a few months in advance, especially for travel between June and September. Tour companies often offer customizable packages labeled “Botswana Safari” online.
What are Botswana’s emergency numbers?
In case of emergency dial 999 for police, 998 for fire, or 992 for medical/ambulance. These are toll-free from any phone in Botswana. Additionally, have the phone number of your tour operator or hotel, and your country’s embassy. If in very remote areas, note that cell service may drop; some camps carry satellite phones for emergencies.
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