Architecture Of Salzburg
Buildings from the Romanesque and Gothic periods
Romanesque and Gothic churches, monasteries, and half-timbered buildings for a long period had a major impact on the image of the mediaeval city. The most famous example was the 7th/8th century built cathedral.Following the collapse of the nave vault in 1598 from a fire, Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau started building a replacement construction.Still, the baroque cathedral was not built until his successor took over; the medieval construction that came before it was totally destroyed.Situated in front of the Langenhof passage in Sigmund Haffner-Gasse No. 16 is a Romanesque lion from the middle of the 12th century. Still evident is this little piece of the medieval cathedral.
Unlike the cathedral, the Romanesque nave of the Franciscan church has stayed unaltered.Master Hans von Burghausen most certainly started the late Gothic choir in the first quarter of the 15th century.On the parapet of the late Gothic pulpit sits a 13th-century Romanesque lion (with a warrior). Rising to the northeast of Hohensalzburg Fortress, the Benedictine Abbey of Nonnberg is perched on a terrace of the steeply sloping fortress hill.Assumption of Mary’s church was built in late Gothic fashion.Though it was rebuilt, like the monastery, following a fire in 1423, the original Romanesque construction’s plan was maintained.Another Romanesque era example is the western tower built in the early 12th century. Comprising the St. Peter monastery and housed in the middle of the Petersfriedhof, the Margarethen chapel boasts homogeneous late Gothic hall construction.Constructed under Prince Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach around 1500, Hohensalzburg Fortress’s pointed arch gateway and steep gabled roof honor St. George.Furthermore credited to the prince is his late-Gothic furniture for his third level of the inner palace, which consists of the golden room and surrounding chambers.
Renaissance and Baroque buildings
Appointed Bishop of Salzburg, Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, who had studied in Rome and was connected with a pope and bishops, had only one goal: to structurally adapt the city to the core of Christianity.Working with architect and architectural theorist Vincenzo Scamozzi, he started applying this design.After the old cathedral burned and the nave vault collapsed in 1598, the Italian master builder was hired to build the new one.Still, his efforts from 1601 to 1607 were so broad that they never were completed.A smaller construction started in 1611, but it was stopped a year later after Wolf Dietrich passed away.The prince-archbishop that followed commissioned Markus Sittikus to design a new cathedral for Santino Solari. Built under his direction, the cathedral marked the first early Baroque church built north of the Alps.The prince-archbishops Markus Sittikus and Paris Lodron carried on Wolf Dietrich’s metamorphosis of the city into a royal baroque residence.Among them were the university building, the fortification belt, the princely house in the city center, the Hellbrunn pleasure palace, and several other buildings.Giovanni Antonio Daria apparently supervised the building of the residence fountain and the renovation of the cathedral plaza, starting in 1656, on behalf of Prince Archbishop Guidobald von Thun.According to Rovedo, Giovanni Gaspare Zuccalli designed the Kajetanerkirche in the southern part of the old town and the Erhardkirche.
Completing the city’s architecture, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach worked for Prince Archbishop Count Johann Ernst von Thun and produced progressively baroque designs.Among his noteworthy creations are the facade of the Trinity Church on Makartplatz, the University or Collegiate Church, the St. Mark or Ursulicen Church on Rudolfskai, Klessheim Castle (then outside the city), and the high altar of the Franciscan Church on the Neutor side.Then the city’s growth stopped, which explains why rococo churches are absent.First Prince Archbishop Sigismund Graf Schrattenbach, who developed new accents, built the Mary monument on the cathedral plaza and the Sigmund or Neutor.Wolfgang Hagenauer designed the gate, and his brother Johann Baptist Hagenauer worked on the sculpture.To challenge an older model, they also built Mary on the cathedral square.
Early in the nineteenth century, the territory was split between Upper Austria, Bavaria (Rupertigau), and Tyrol (Zillertal, Matrei in Osttirol), so halting the architectural and artistic progress of the ancient archbishopric of Salzburg.New, mostly profane structures were built not until the Wilhelminian period.Jakob Ceconi designed the bazaar building at the end of the century; Carl Freiherr von Schwarz was instrumental in the Salzach control and the growth of the railway network.
Buildings of Classical Modernism and Post-War Modernism
Like many German-speaking cities, Salzburg suffered bombings during the Second World War.Following a period of reconstruction marked by classic modernist and post-war modernist buildings, a wave of new architectural beginnings arose.Among the most prominent structures in the Elisabeth suburb between 1924 and 1926 is the Kiesel printing and publishing house, built there. Another remarkable construction is the Old Festival Hall, built between 1925 and 1926. Since 2006 it has been known as Haus für Mozart. Originally destroyed during World War II, the Hotel Europa was rebuilt and finished 1957 on the former Grand Hôtel de l’Europe, also located in the Elisabeth suburb. Moreover, Clemens Holzmeister built the Great Festival Hall between 1960 and 1962. New architectural projects have replaced other structures, including the congress center (originally built in 1957) and the outdoor pool in Leopoldskron (built in 1964).
The strict building code guards the distinctive old buildings in Salzburg from modification or demolition. Moreover, plans for modern architecture in this area are not existent. Preserving the beauty of the old town—which is generally regarded as among the most beautiful in the world—is the aim of this preservation program. The aim is to make sure the old town stays intact overall and is accessible to visitors as well as to residents.Apart from some little changes and additions, kindly notice the new Mozart residence in the festival building block.
Closed in 1978, the Mozarteum, housed in the magnificent Mirabell Gardens on the other side of the Salzach River, This closing was carried out in response to worries about the presence of cancer-causing building materials. Still, the construction has been rebuilt and renovated in line with Robert Rechenauer’s ideas.The Makart-Steg, today known as the Marko Feingold-Steg, was in ruin by the end of the 20th century. It was rebuilt between 2000 and 2001 by architectural company Halle 1 based in Salzburg.2011 saw the opening of the Unipark Nonntal.Approved the Salzburg State Architecture Prize in 2012, the Storch Ehlers Partner team of architects painstakingly planned the project.Constructed somewhat earlier was the architect couple Christine and Horst Lechner’s house and workshop. It is located at Priesterhausgasse behind the Trinity Church.The work received the Architecture Prize in 2010.Among the both required and controversial buildings in the inner city area is the thermal power station Mitte. It falls on the brink of the protection zone.From the eastern side of the structure, the Kapuzinerberg is clearly seen and features decorations like those of a fortress. This architectural choice enhances the general look of the construction by reminding one of a family tower, a type evocative of those discovered in San Gimignano.
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, several large contemporary buildings were built close to the old town. One excellent example is the Faculty of Natural Sciences building built on Akademiestraße in line with Nonntal university quarter redevelopment.Architect Wilhelm Holzbauer, of Itzling birth, oversaw the project.Established with the intention of operating as an autonomous district center, the Neue Mitte LehenThe Marko Feingold-Steg was painstakingly planned by the Salzburg architecture office Halle 1.The unique characteristic of the district is a structure acting as both the senior center and the city library.At Salzburg Airport, Hangar-7, there is a magnificent glass construction that best illustrates blob architecture. Volkmar Burgstaller worked with painstaking design.Designed by Massimilano Fuksas, the modernist Europark is situated in Taxham, Salzburg. Considered as a recent addition to the architectural scene of the city, it is quite important economically for the state.
Furthermore looking at modern architectural experimental techniques is the Bauakademie Salzburg of the soma group.Modern technical architecture finds expression in the Sohlstufe Lehen hydroelectric power plant. Max Rieder and Erich Wagner built it not far from the World Heritage protection zone. 2014 saw the award of the European Concrete Construction Prize to the power plant with sculptural design language.
