National Parks In Austria
Six sanctuaries dispersed over Austria’s national parks reveal an amazing scene of natural beauties. From the meandering grace of river valleys to the soaring grandeur of the Alps, these protected areas provide a haven for a startling variety of plants and animals.
Inside their boundaries, unspoiled settings thrive free from the vagaries of contemporary growth. Peak covered in glaciers pierce the heavens, while lush wetlands and forests lay below. Every park has something different, a microcosm of Austria’s extraordinary biodiversity.
One of the giants among these sanctuaries, Hohe Tauern National Park speaks to grandeur and history. By contrast, the perfect Thayatal National Park presents a more personal picture of natural beauty.
Whether your interests are in the quiet study of birds, the energizing challenge of a hike, or just the great respect of nature, Austria’s national parks offer a rich array of chances for exploration and learning.
Hohe Tauern National Park
Hohe Tauern National Park, covering a great swath of 185,600 hectares, is the most famous and largest protected area in Austria. Over three federal provinces—Salzburg, Tyrol, and Carinthia—the park captures the very core of the Austrian Alps.
Under its control, an amazing mosaic of settings opens out. Hohe Tauern National Park presents a microcosm of Alpine splendor from the soft sweep of lush lowlands and spreading grasslands to the knife-edged ridges and glacier-clad peaks. Nearly one-third of Austria’s fauna finds solace here, so creating a rich tapestry of life.
Apart from the breathtaking beauty, Hohe Tauern National Park suits the attitude of the explorer. There are many things to do: explore educational exhibits, challenge yourself on energizing ski slopes, walk well-maintained hiking paths, or start immersive trips along geotrails, each step revealing the secrets carved in the very ground of the park.
History
Hohe Tauern National Park’s history begins in the late 19th century, evidence of the early stirrings of environmental awareness. Visionary people starting the first cautious steps toward maintaining the unspoiled wilderness of the Alps included environmentalists and members of alpine clubs. Now tucked inside the limits of the park, the Rauris Valley reflects this commitment and was the site of Austria’s first alpine nature reserve founded in 1913.
Still, there were obstacles on the road to national park designation. Building the Grossglockner High Alpine Road, the highest paved road in Austria, in 1935 presented a conundrum. Unquestionably, it provided amazing access to the beauty of the park, connecting Salzburg and Carinthia, but it also raised questions about how it might affect the delicate ecosystem and species. The development of the national park revolved mostly on this argument on the conflict between accessibility and preservation.
The creation of the Hohe Tauern National Park Association in 1971 started the tide to turn. This important action cleared the path for the three federal provinces’ joint official park establishment in 1981. Hohe Tauern National Park was named a Category II protected area by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2001, so confirming its importance as a key pillar of Austrian conservation efforts between responsible human enjoyment and preservation of ecosystems.
Geography
The Hohe Tauern mountain range rules supremely as one follows a road across the heart of Austria’s Eastern Alps. Including Hohe Tauern National Park in its strong embrace, it reflects the very core of alpine grandeur. Comprising six separate sections – Krimml, Mittersill, Rauris, Grossglockner, Defereggental, and Malta – the park stretches an amazing 100 kilometers east to west and 40 kilometers north to south.
One defining quality of Hohe Tauern National Park is its dramatic topography. From a base of 1,000 meters to a stunning 3,498 meters at Grossglockner, Austria’s highest point, elevations soar. This notable elevation change produces an amazing degree of relief that shapes the terrain like glaciers, tall mountains, and descending valleys.
Hohe Tauern has the biggest Eastern Alpine glacial area. Over 13,000 hectares, a startling 342 glaciers glitter like frozen rivers across the mountain slopes. Feeding many rivers and streams that slink through the valleys below, these glacial giants are the lifeblood of the park. From the glacial core of the park, the Salzach, Isel, Möll, and Malta rivers all have their beginnings.
The glittering lakes in the park provide a bit of peace to the tough terrain. From the great expanse of Zeller See to the cascading beauty of Krimmler Wasserfälle and the peaceful Stappitzer See, these aquatic treasures offer a welcome contrast to the dramatic mountains and glaciers.
Ecology
Beyond its great scenery, Hohe Tauern National Park becomes a vivid tapestry of life. Comprising almost one-third of Austria’s fauna and one-fifth of its flora, an amazing 15,000 animal species and 1,800 plant species thrive within its borders. This amazing diversity blooms on a varied mosaic of environments. Hohe Tauern offers a refuge for an amazing range of species and plants from the windswept heights of glaciers and rubble piles to the lush embrace of subalpine meadows and the sheltering embrace of alder and mountain pine shrublands.
Symbolic species wander the park unrestrained. From its rocky den, the Alpine marmot whistles; the sure-footed Alpine ibex negotiates the vertiginous slopes. Rising above all else in the heavens are the magnificent bearded vulture and the golden eagle. Clinging to the craggy cliffs, the delicate edelweiss and the vivid gentian paint streaks of color on the alpine canvas.
But the narrative of Hohe Tauern transcends the natural world. Rich in human history for millennia, the park is guardian of a legacy of culture. Here, the customs of alpine farming and logging whisper stories of past generations. Castles, churches, and museums dot the park, standing sentinel and serving as physical reminders of the local legacy and the ongoing relationship between people and this remarkable terrain.
Attractions
From families searching adventure to seasoned explorers and from nature lovers to culture vultures, Hohe Tauern National Park appeals to all interests and ages. With so many bike lanes, hiking paths, and ski slopes, the park presents year-round exploration possibilities for every degree of fitness.
Explore further the geological marvels of the park using its many geotrails. These learning paths reveal the amazing processes that over millennia sculpted the terrain. Discover the amazing dolines, shafts, and caverns in the Heiligenblut area or set off a fascinating trip to the perpetually frozen fields of Innergschlöss.
Interactive displays and educational talks by park rangers help to vividly depict the history, climate, glaciers, and varied species of the park. Add to your research smart visits guided by park experts who will share their passion and unmatched local knowledge.
Unveiling the Park’s Gems
The park guarantees an amazing experience for every guest by virtue of its wealth of attractions.
- Grossglockner High Alpine Road: Comprising 48 kilometers north to south, this famous road across the heart of the park provides unmatched access to magnificent glaciers and the Grossglockner peak.
- Krimmler Wasserfälle: See the descending grandeur of Krimmler Wasserfälle, Europe’s highest waterfalls, 380 meters at a flow rate of up to 20,000 liters per second. Up to the falls, a picturesque 4-kilometer hiking path provides panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and falling waters.
- Rauriser Urwald: Step back in time within the Rauris Valley to discover the 250-hectare primeval Rauriser Urwald, an area of ancient forest. Towering trees, some reaching 500 years in age, offer a habitat for a rich tapestry of species ranging from black woodpeckers to elusive lynxes and pygmy owls. Starting at a viewing platform and a magical fairy-tale glade, a 2.5-kilometer path invites you to explore this enchanted forest more deeply.
- National Park Centre Mittersill: At the largest and most modern visitor center in the park, the National Park Centre Mittersill, immerse yourself in the natural and cultural treasures of the area. Comprising 1,800 square meters, the center offers multimedia displays, interactive exhibits, and fascinating 360-degree movies. Completing this one-stop center for park discovery are a café, a shop, and a 3D movie theater.
Neusiedler See–Seewinkel National Park
Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park is tucked away on the eastern edge of Austria, where the Alps give way to the huge Pannonian plains. Covering more than 97 square kilometers of Burgenland province, this protected area preserves a special biological zone.
Certainly Neusiedler See, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the westernmost steppe lake in Eurasia, is the crown gem of the park. Drawing enthusiastic birdwatchers from all around the world, its glistening waters and surrounding wetlands offer a vital refuge for an amazing range of migratory birds.
But Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park presents far more than just bird paradise. Approved as a World Heritage Site in 2001 and identified by the IUCN in 1994, the park features a rich tapestry of species. Discover many environments, from the sun-drenched plains to the richly alive verdant reed beds.
Attracted to the park by naturalists, birdwatchers, and casual guests equally enthralled by its unique landscape are Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park offers an amazing experience whether your goals are to fully appreciate the vivid ecological tapestry, marvel at the elegant ballet of migrating birds, or just savor the special cultural legacy of the area.
History
The fascinating history of Lake Neusiedler itself is inextricably linked to the story of Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park. Without a natural outlet, the largest endorheic lake in Central Europe, Neusiedler See’s water level moves in time with evaporation and precipitation. Over the ages, this dynamic cycle has produced an amazing history of the lake alternately flooding and receding.
Documented since the 13th century, Neusiedler See has caused both harmony and strife for the nearby residents. For Romans, Huns, Avars, Hungarians, Ottomans, Habsburgs, and Austrians, it has been a basic source of food that shapes their life. Rich cultural tapestry created by their legacies echoes in the local language, architecture, and customs.
Naturalists, geologists, hydrologists, and biologists have also been drawn to the lake by its unusual ecology. Their relentless investigation has cleared the riddles of Neusiedler See’s genesis, development, and complex ecology.
Concerns about the environmental hazards pollution, drainage, overuse, and tourism create late in the 20th century grew. A flood of conservation initiatives followed in response. While international recognition came with the Ramsar Convention designating the area a wetland of international importance in 1983, local groups founded the Neusiedler See-Seewinkel Nature Protection Association in 1961.
Years of cooperation between local conservationists, the federal government, and the European Union produced the official founding of Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park by Burgenland province in 1993. Approved by the IUCN as a Category II protected area in 1994, the park finds a mix between sensible recreation and ecosystem preservation.
Under the name Fertő/Neusiedler Cultural Landscape, Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park and its Hungarian counterpart Fertő-Hanság National Park were named as prestigious UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2001. This awareness honors the park as an outstanding model of harmonic coexistence between people and the surroundings.
Geography
Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park is tucked away on Austria’s east border, near Hungary. Covering 36 kilometers north to south and 12 kilometers east to west, this park creates a mosaic of four separate areas: Neusiedler See, Seewinkel, Waasen-Hanság, and Lange Lacke. Covering a rather level and open terrain with elevations ranging from 114 to 180 meters above sea level, the park’s center is its aquatic habitats.
A Lake Unlike Any Other
Unquestionably, Neusiedler See—a vast lake shared by Austria and Hungary—is the gem of the Park. Average depth of 1.2 to 1.8 meters, this shallow lake has a special quality: great salinity. Its waters, ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 grams per liter, resemble those of a mild sea rather than a freshwater lake. Comprising this amazing lake is a magnificent 178-square-kilometer reed belt, the biggest contiguous reed field in Central Europe. Particularly for birds, this essential habitat serves as a natural filter and haven for a great variety of species.
A Haven for Birds and Beyond
Neusiedler See is bursting with life. The lake hosts about forty different fish species, including native variants like the Neusiedler See bleak and rudd. But the birds are really the show’s stars. From graceful grebes and cormorants to stately herons and egrets, the park provides a vital stop and nesting habitat for thousands of resident and migrating waterbirds. Imagine a magnificent ballet of spoonbills, ibis, ducks, geese, swans, coots, waders, gulls, and terns dancing the heavens – a birder’s dream come true.
A Tapestry of Wetlands
Beyond the lake is another fascinating world known as the Seewinkel and Waasen-Hanság wetlands. Covering 77 square kilometers, this dynamic mosaic of ecosystems depends on seasonal and annual changes in groundwater level. Here the vivid ecological canvas is created by salt marshes, meadows, pastures, sand steppes, and salt lakes.
While tiny brine shrimp form the base of the food chain for many bird species, halophytic plants like glasswort and sea aster find refuge in these wetlands. Soda pans, shallow saline lakes that periodically dry out and leave behind a crust of salt, provide still another level of mystery to this unusual terrain.
A Sanctuary for the Great Bustard
One unique feature of the wetlands is their high concentration of the largest flying bird in Europe, the great bustard. Seeing this amazing creature elegantly glide over the plains is quite unforgettable.
A Blend of Nature and Tradition
Surprisingly, the park hosts harmonic coexistence of human activity and the natural surroundings. Still carried out in the wetlands, traditional activities including haymaking, salt mining, and grazing highlight a sustainable interaction between people and this amazing surroundings.
A monument to the fragility and beauty of aquatic environments, Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park From the great expanse of Neusiedler See to the vivid tapestry of the wetlands, the park provides a haven for nature lovers and a window into a special cultural legacy.
Ecology
Beyond its breathtaking scenery, Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park is a dynamic furnace of life. Representing a startling 40% and 50% of Austria’s total flora and fauna respectively, the park shockingly boasts over 2,000 plant species and 10,000 animal species. The park’s unusual location at the junction of several biogeographical zones – Alpine, Pannonian, Asian, Mediterranean, and northern European – fuels this amazing biodiversity.
A Haven for Adaptation
From the sun-baked steppes and salt marshes to the glistening lake and lush reed beds, the varied habitats of the park test resident species to adapt and flourish. The lake’s high salinity and the erratic temperature marked by frequent droughs and strong winds have encouraged a great degree of sensitivity and resilience among the vegetation and fauna of the park.
A Stopover for Migratory Marvels
Particularly birds, Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park is a vital rest and refueling station for migrating species. Many feathered visitors find comfort and food in the park’s varied ecosystems during their epic trips between breeding and wintering sites.
A Global Significance
The remarkable biodiversity of the park and its part in protecting threatened species have great worldwide relevance. A monument to the careful equilibrium of nature, Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park offers hope for environmental protection all around.
Attractions
From families looking for a fun day out to seasoned explorers and from nature lovers to cultural vultures, Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park appeals to all interests and ages. The park presents many avenues for exploration and education given its varied terrain and rich cultural legacy.
Explore at Your Own Pace
The park’s hidden nooks can be found at your own pace thanks to its system of boat trips, bike paths and hiking trails. The park has something for everyone, whether your taste is for a leisurely cruise on the lake or an energizing bike trip across the wetlands.
Delve Deeper
Add to your research interesting presentations and interactive displays at the visitor centers of the park. Discover the interesting past of the park, the value of the wetlands, the special temperature, and the variety of animal life. Leading guided tours, park rangers and experts also provide their knowledge and excitement for the surroundings.
Unveiling the Park’s Gems
- Neusiedler See: The center of the park, Neusiedler See, calls with chances for swimming, sailing, surfing, and fishing. While keeping an eye out for the plenty of birds in the park, marvel at amazing views of the lake and the surrounding reed bed. With boat trips starting from different points, investigate the lake from another angle. Discover the ecology and cultural value of the lake; visit the Seewinkel National Park Information Centre with its birdwatching hide and panoramic tower.
- Seewinkel: Explore the most active area of the park—the vivid mosaic of ecosystems. Trekking or riding a bike across salt marshes, meadows, pastures, sand steppes, and salt lakes will come across a varied range of plants and animals. Discover still in use traditional farming methods as well as salt extraction methods in the area. While the National Park Centre Illmitz presents an amazing multimedia display on the wetlands and the birds that call this area home, the National Park House Apetlon provides a children’s playground and a themed garden.
- Waasen-Hanság: Comprising the northernmost part of the park, the Waasen-Hanság area borders Hungary. Once drained and replanted in the 19th century, this former marsh offers a refuge for rare and threatened species including the European ground squirrel, saker falcon, white-tailed eagle, and magnificent great bustard. Join ranger-led trips to explore the special ecology and history of the region, and discover the cross-border cooperation with Fertő-Hanság National Park in Hungary.
- Lange Lacke: See the biggest and most important salt lake in the park, Lange Lacke. While small brine shrimp form the foundation of the food chain for many different birds, this refuge for biodiversity features a profusion of halophytic plants including glasswort and sea aster. Here birdwatchers will be in heaven, able to see flamingos, avocets, black-winged stilts, red-necked phalaropes, and many more. On the Lange Lacke peninsula, don’t miss the observation platform and birding hide that provides ideal locations for seeing this amazing natural beauty.
From a leisurely cruise on the lake to an educational tour across the wetlands, Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park offers every guest an amazing encounter. So get ready with your binoculars, lace up your hiking boots, or ride a bike and start your own journey in this amazing natural treasure.
Danube-Auen National Park
Danube-Auen National Park is tucked between the energetic cities of Vienna and Bratislava and provides a haven for a wide range of flora and fauna. Covering 93 square kilometers of the Danube River floodplain, the park stands among the last rather unspoiled natural settings in Central Europe.
A Triumph for Conservation
A major triumph for environmental preservation came when Danube-Auen National Park was founded in 1996. This refuge for wildlife was protected for next generations after a committed struggle by environmentalists opposing the building of a damaging hydroelectric power plant.
A Tapestry of Life
Lowland forests, meadows, wetlands, and other riparian ecosystems found in the park offer a rich habitat for an astonishing range of plant and animal life. Comprising roughly one-third of Austria’s fauna and one-fifth of its flora, Danube-Auen National Park is a refuge for over 15,000 animal species and 1,800 plant species.
Exploring the Park’s Wonders
There are several ways the park lets guests really appreciate its natural beauties. Guided boat excursions give guests a different viewpoint of the Danube River and the surrounding wetlands, so enabling them to see the rich park life from a serene vantage point.
On foot exploration is invited from a system of well-kept hiking paths. Look for elusive birds, shy mammals, and a brilliant variety of wildflowers as you meander around the varied terrain of the park.
Visitor Centers and Education
Visitor centers scattered over the park act as centers of knowledge and information gathering. Interactive exhibits, educational displays, and informed park rangers enable guests to better appreciate the ecological value of the park as well as the continuous conservation initiatives. :
Furthermore providing educational initiatives catered to all ages is Danube-Auen National Park. Families and school groups can take part in interesting events encouraging a love of the surroundings and environmental responsibility.
A Vital Sanctuary
One proof of the need of preserving natural environments is Danube-Auen National Park. The park guarantees a bright future for this priceless natural asset by giving many species a haven and teaching possibilities for guests.
The History of the Park
The narrative of Danube-Auen National Park is a fascinating tale of human influence, environmental resilience, and finally successful conservation.
A River Shaped by Man and Nature
A vital commercial route and historical border spanning millennia, the Danube River has also presented difficulties. Riverside towns suffered floods, diseases, and ice jams; these forces drove them to manage and profit from the river via dams, canals, bridges, and mills. Together with farming and land clearing, these projects progressively reduced the variety of the floodplain and upset the river’s natural flow.
The Rise and Fall of River Regulation
Engineering activity grew more intense in the 19th century. Straightened and limited to improve navigation and flood protection, the Danube was This process cut small channels from the main flow, so deepening the riverbed. The floodplain shrank more than half its original width, and the water level fell dramatically. Dependent on regular flooding, alluvial forests started to wither and degrade.
The Threat of Hydroelectric Power
One fresh threat of the 20th century was the spread of hydroelectric power plants. Artificial reservoirs produced by a sequence of dam building in the 1950s along the Austrian Danube upset the natural flow pattern. The Wachau Valley upstream of Vienna and the Hainburg area downstream stayed free-flowing. Here, at Hainburg, Austria’s last alluvial woodland was threatened with submergence by a proposed power plant.
The Hainburg Movement: A Turning Point
Österreichischer Naturschutzbund led a great public outcry over this approaching devastation. Thousands of people occupied the forest and blocked the building site in the 1984 “Hainburg Movement.” Prominent voices for the cause included Nobel laureate Konrad Lorenz, writer Peter Handke, musician Wolfgang Ambros. Together, scientists, political parties, and the media raised public knowledge of the critical role and vulnerability of the wetlands.
From Protest to Preservation
Negotiations and public pressure over several months resulted in the shelved power plant project. The area was then named Danube-Auen National Park at last in 1996. Managed for recreation as well as conservation, this IUCN Category II protected area Park management falls to the federal government, the provinces of Vienna and Lower Austria, and municipal governments. Visitor services, education, public relations, research, and most importantly, preservation, restoration, and monitoring of the park’s natural resources, top management’s priorities.
The Nature of the Park
The second-longest and most international river in Europe, the Danube-Auen National Park is evidence of the dynamic and always shifting character of this river. Covering an enormous 817,000 square kilometre drainage basin, the Danube’s constant flow relentlessly shapes the ecosystems and scenery of the park.
A Master Sculptor: The Danube River
The main sculptor of the park is the Danube River, which dumps and erodes enormous volumes of silt, producing a variety of landforms and habitats. With variances ranging from 1 to 10 meters within the park, the water level itself swings drastically both across the seasons and year. Mostly occurring in spring and summer, these seasonal floods are vital for the renewal and survival of the floodplain.
A Mosaic of Habitats
The park features a special mosaic of habitats bursting with life. Here is a sampling of some of the most well-known:
- Alluvial Woodlands (65%): Covering most of the park, alluvial woodlands (65%) are a multifarious and layered ecosystem. While flood-resistant willows, poplars, alders, and birches flourish in the lower, wetter sections of the floodplain, soaring hardwood trees including oak, ash, elm, maple, and hornbeam predominate in the drier, upper sections. From deer, wild boar, and foxes to woodpeckers, owls, and songbirds, this varied habitat offers haven to a great range of species.
- Meadows (15%): Found on the rich, moist soil of islands and riverbanks, these vivid meadows—15%—are a refuge for grazing animals and a major supply of food and cover for many different kinds of wildlife. Encouragement of sustainable farming methods and preservation of natural meadows helps the park management to balance environmental protection with agricultural needs.
- Bodies of Water (20%): The Danube itself and its network of auxiliary channels, backwaters, ponds, and lakes together account for a sizable area of the park. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, invertebrates, and more abound in these water bodies thanks to their different physical and chemical characteristics. For birds, they also provide vital feeding, resting, mating, and migratory habitat.
A refuge for biological diversity
A Haven for Biodiversity
Danube-Auen National Park is a refuge for diversity with almost 5,000 recorded plant and animal species. The management of the park keeps a close eye on and acts to preserve populations of many species, including:
- The European Beaver: Reintroduced in the 1970s following hunting to extinction in the 19th century, the hardworking rodent known as the European Beaver significantly shapes its habitat by means of dam and lodge construction.
- The White-tailed Eagle: Europe’s biggest raptor, the magnificent White-tailed Eagle returned in the 1990s following persecution in the 20th century.
- The European Pond Turtle: The sole native turtle of Austria, the European Pond Turtle is under danger from pollution and habitat loss. It is semi-aquatic. There is now active conservation to safeguard this delicate reptile.
- The Danube Salmon: The biggest salmonid fish in Europe, habitat fragmentation and overfishing caused a drop in numbers. The park helps to restore its populations by means of restocking campaigns.
A Story of Change and Conservation
The narrative of Danube-Auen National Park is one of preservation and change. The constant flow of the Danube River shapes the terrain; human activity has both challenged and finally helped the ecosystems of the park. The opening of the park in 1996 was a major triumph for environmental preservation, so securing this priceless natural asset for next generations.
The Culture of the Park
Beyond its biological importance, Danube-Auen National Park is a cultural treasure store. Reflecting the rich tapestry spun by many civilizations, the park provides a window into the intriguing past of the area together with its amazing natural beauty.
Echoes of the Past
- Remnants of the Iron Curtain: Stark reminders of a bygone age, remnants of the Iron Curtain lie silently in the park.
- Schloss Hof: A monument to Baroque grandeur, the magnificent palace calls guests to enter a period of rich elegance.
- Carnuntum: Discover the footsteps of Roman history by visiting the remains of the ancient Roman city of Carnuntum.
- Medieval Marvels: Visit the striking medieval castles of Orth and Eckartsau to really experience the age of chivalry.
The park is a dynamic stage for modern artistic expression, not only for displaying historical objects:
- Danube Authors: Through the works of esteemed writers, fully appreciate the literary legacy of the Danube area.
- Danube School Paintings: Appreciate the artistic ability of the movement that perfectly caught the scenes of the area.
- Donau-Auen Art Project: Through the magnificent sculptures of the Donau-Auen Art Project, encounter modern artistic interpretations of the natural beauties of the park.
A Haven for Learning and Exploration
Offering a variety of ways to learn about and value its special mix of ecology and culture, Danube-Auen National Park appeals to guests of all ages and interests:
- Schloss Orth National Park Centre: Housed within the ancient Schloss Orth a der Donau, this main entrance to the park, Schloss Orth National Park Centre, boasts an aquarium, a multimedia display, and a permanent exhibition to pique your interest. The center plans guided tours, seminars, and activities all year long.
- Donau-Auen Lobau Visitor Centre: Housed in Vienna’s former Habsburg hunting lodge, this second entrance to the park provides a library, a cafe, and an interactive exhibition. Donau-Auen Lobau Visitor Center To further let you enjoy the park, the center offers guided walks, boat trips, and bike tours.
- Donau-Auen Orth Castle Island: Accessible by footbridge from the main park center, Donau-Auen Orth Castle Island is a family-friendly refuge. Comprising a playground, a picnic area, and a nature trail, the island offers both leisure and learning. It hosts the yearly Danube Island Festival, a colorful celebration of music and culture.
- Donau-Auen Hainburg Education Centre: Originally housed in a former customs house, Donau-Auen Hainburg Education Centre has developed into a major research and teaching facility. Its dorm, seminar room, and laboratory help to support educational initiatives including the Danube University, Danube School, and Junior Ranger Camp, so raising environmental consciousness in next generations.
- Donau-Auen Marchegg Stork Sanctuary: See the amazing sight of a sizable white stork population at Donau-Auen Marchegg Stork Sanctuary. With a camera, information boards, and a viewing platform, the refuge lets you responsibly view while supporting stork research and protection initiatives.
A Tapestry of Collaboration
Danube-Auen National Park is evidence of the harmonic coexistence of environment and civilization. Through a variety of activities, visitors can discover the many wetlands in the park, so cultivating a greater respect of this dynamic natural asset. Apart from providing a venue for leisure, the park supports cooperation among stakeholders to help to preserve and restore this essential ecosystem. Danube-Auen National Park is a great asset for both current and next generations as a sustainable river ecosystem management model.
Kalkalpen National Park
Kalkalpen National Park, a refuge for both history buffs and environmentalists, is tucked away among the great Northern Limestone Alps of Upper Austria. Covering 20,825 hectares (51,460 acres), the park stands as Austria’s largest karst region and Central Europe’s biggest forested wilderness.
A UNESCO World Heritage Site: A Legacy of Ancient Beech Forests
The esteemed UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, is in large part Kalkalpen National Park. Entering this park is like traveling back in time since its expansive beech forests are living tribute to Europe’s natural past since the Last Glacial Period. With its thick and varied canopy created by beech, fir, and spruce trees, the park protects the most area of unbroken forest in Austria.
A Realm of Rugged Beauty: Mountains, Gorges, and Crystal-Clear Waters
Two main areas comprise Kalkalpen National Park: the Reichraminger Hintergebirge and the Sengsen Mountains. Rugged, karstified limestone formations define these areas and produce a striking scene of secret gorges, enigmatic caverns, and amazing sinkholes. The beauty of the park is enhanced by cascading waterfalls and gushing springs; the longest natural stream system in the Eastern Alps, Enns, Steyr, meander elegantly across the park.
A Sanctuary for Wildlife: Encountering Rare and Endemic Species
For a wide spectrum of species, Kalkalpen National Park’s immaculate wilderness offers a critical habitat. Among the most elusive members of the park are wolves, brown bears, and lynx. As you discover the secret nooks of the park, keep your eyes open for the magnificent capercaillie, the striking black woodpecker, and the amazing fire salamander.
A Cultural Tapestry Woven Through Time
Beyond its great beauty, Kalkalpen National Park provides a window into the rich cultural legacy of the area. Evidence of human settlements goes back thousands of years; the name of the park, “Kalkalpen,” means “moated castle” in German, a reference to the once-impressive mountains surrounded by swamps and marshes. Reflected in the many castles, cathedrals, chapels, mills, and farms dotted over the park, Celts, Romans, Bavarians, Slavs, Hungarians, Turks, Protestants, and Catholics have all left their mark.
A Paradise for Outdoor Enthusiasts: Activities Galore
Outdoor enthusiasts find playground in Kalkalpen National Park. The park provides a wide range of activities, from a leisurely bike ride to a demanding hike to a horseback riding trip. Skiing and snowshoeing offer an exciting means to see the snow-capped scenery in the winter. While ranger-led tours provide a closer knowledge of the park’s ecology and past, wildlife aficionados can start animal-watching adventures.
A Call to Explore: Discover Nature
Under its motto “Discover Nature,” Kalkalpen National Park invites guests to really appreciate its breathtaking beauty. Conveniently placed throughout the park, visitor centers and information kiosks offer insightful analysis of the management, background of the park, and ecological relevance. So put on your hiking boots, grab your binoculars, and start an amazing trip right into Kalkalpen National Park.
The Sengsen Mountains: The Sea of Trees
Nestled in the eastern embrace of Kalkalpen National Park, the 12,000 hectares (29,600 acres) Sengsen Mountains stretch out over Often referred to as the “Sea of Trees” for their thick, unbroken forest cover, they are the core area of the park and get the best degree of protection. Here among the unspoiled wilderness, human impact disappears so that guests may really enjoy the magic of an old forest.
A Sculpted Landscape: The Wonders of the Karst System
Mostly composed of limestone and dolomite, rocks quite prone to erosion by water have a dynamic and complex karst system in the Sengsen Mountains. With its hidden caverns, sinkholes, and dramatic waterfalls, this complex network of subterranean rivers forms the very core of the terrain. Among the intriguing features sculpted by this geological wonder are the Frauenmauerhöhle (Women’s Wall Cave), the cascading Schleierfall (Veil Waterfall), the amazing Großer Kessel (Great Basin), and the grand Große Schlucht (Great Gorge). Furthermore very important in control of the water cycle and temperature of the park is the karst system. Water creates a cool and humid microclimate as it seeps into the porous rock, so promoting a special ecosystem. Thin, infertile soil resulting from this then favors drought-adapted plant life.
A UNESCO World Heritage Jewel: The Majesty of Beech Forests
A wonderful blanket of beech trees covers sixty percent of the Sengsen Mountains. Among the most important ecosystems of the park are these ancient and primeval beech forests, identified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Having survived millennia, they are evidence of the resilience and diversity of nature. Based on their elevation and sun exposure, beech forests can be generally categorized as montane, subalpine, or alpine.
- Montane Beech Forests (600-1200 meters): The most common and plentiful kind, montane beech forests (600–1200 meters) flourish between 2,000 and 3,900 feet above sea level. Here beech trees rule supremely, mixing with a scattering of fir, spruce, maple, ash, and elm trees.
- Subalpine Beech Forests (1200-1500 meters): Rising from 3,900 to 4,900 feet, subalpine beech forests (1200–1500 meters) are rarer and more isolated. Though they still predominate, beech trees share the canopy with mountain pine, larch, and birch trees.
- Alpine Beech Forests (Above 1500 meters): With only a few low-lying bushes, grasses, and herbs for company, Alpine Beech Forests (above 1500 meters) are the most extreme and unique beech forests; they are dominated by beech trees.
A Tapestry of Life: A Haven for Flora and Fauna
The Sengsen Mountains have a rich tapestry of life even beyond the great beech forests. This preserved paradise offers refuge to many rare and threatened species.
- The Elusive Lynx: Unquestionably the king of the Sengsen Mountains is the lynx, the biggest wild cat in Europe. Often shy and elusive, these apex predators prefer the deep, quiet forests and mostly hunt hares, chamis, and roe deer. Thanks to effective reintroduction initiatives starting in 1982, the Sengsen Mountains feature the only lynx population left in the Austrian Alps.
- A Symphony of Birdsong: The Sengsen Mountains are alive with the melodic calls of more than one hundred bird species. From the magnificent capercaillie and the striking black woodpecker to the soaring golden eagle and the agile peregrine falcon, the park provides a refuge for bird lovers.
- A Myriad of Creatures: The park is bursting with a variety of species outside of birds. From these wild areas roam otters, badgers, red deer, wolves, and even brown bears. With almost twenty species calling the park home, amphibian and reptile life thrives as well. These cover the common adder, the alpine salamander, and the fire salamander.
Comprising more than 5,000 species, invertebrate life is equally amazing. From the elusive cave spider to the brilliant apollo butterfly, the majestic stag beetle, and the intriguing rosalia longicorn, the Sengsen Mountains present countless chances for adventure and learning.
The Reichraminger Hintergebirge: The Moated Castle
Covering almost 8,800 hectares (21,700 acres) on the western side of Kalkalpen National Park, the Reichraminger Hintergebirge, sometimes known as the “Moated Castle,” is evidence of the historical and cultural value of the area. Acting as the buffer zone for the park, this area sees more human interaction than the unspoiled wilderness of the Sengsen Mountains.
A Landscape Shaped by Geology: A Less Dramatic Karst System
Mostly composed of limestone and marl rocks, less soluble than those of the Sengsen Mountains, the Reichraminger Hintergebirge boasts a less complicated karst system. This results in a different scene devoid of sinkholes, waterfalls, cavernues, and springs. The most remarkable geological features are the Hintergebirgsbach (Back Mountain Stream), the Hintergebirgssee (Back Mountain Lake), the striking Dürrenstein (Dry Stone), and the fascinating Hirscheckhöhle (Deer Corner Cave).
Here, the karst system also affects local temperature and water cycle differently. The area enjoys a weter and warmer microclimate as more water flows on the surface. Richer and thicker soil resulting from this helps to create a special ecosystem marked by rich and varied vegetation.
A Tapestry of Forests: A Realm of Mixed Woodlands
About eighty percent of the Reichraminger Hintergebirge is covered in a vivid tapestry of mixed forests, the most often occurring forest type on lowlands of Central Europe. These varied forests, bursting with a variety of species, can be mostly classified as either two main types:
- Calcareous Mixed Forests: Thriving on limestone and marl soils, calcium mixed forests are the most often occurring form of mixed forest in the Reichraminger Hintergebirge. In these woods, beech, fir, spruce, maple, ash, elm, and hornbeam trees create a wonderful canopy.
- Acidic Mixed Forests: Found on sandstone and conglomerate soils, acidic mixed forests are less often occurring and usually found in more isolated locations. Dominant among the acidic mixed forests are spruce, pine, birch, and oak trees.
Apart from the main mixed forests, the Reichraminger Hintergebirge has areas of beech, fir, spruce, and mountain pine forests, each adding to the local ecological diversity.
A Haven for Wildlife: Encountering a Rich Fauna
Numerous rare and threatened species as well as a wide range of other fauna find refuge in the Reichraminger Hintergebirge.
- The Enigmatic Brown Bear: The most famous animal of the Reichraminger Hintergebirge, the brown bear is the biggest land mammal in Europe. Since the 1970s, these shy and elusive omnivores have successfully recolonized the region from the Balkans and prefer the solitude of deep forests.
- A Symphony of Life: The Reichraminger Hintergebirge’s heavens abound in over one hundred bird species. Look for the amazing capercaillie, the black woodpecker, the soaring golden eagle, the nimble peregrine falcon, and the eerie calls of the eagle owl and alpine chough.
- A Myriad of Creatures: Beyond the avifauna, a variety of mammals call the Reichraminger Hintergebirge home: otters, badgers, red deer, wild boar, wolves, and perhaps lynx. Further adding to the amazing diversity of the area are amphibians, reptiles, and a shockingly large variety of over 5,000 invertebrate species.
A Paradise for History and Culture Enthusiasts
The Reichraminger Hintergebirge is rich in history and culture, as the name “Moated Castle” would imply. This easily reachable area presents guests with a special chance to explore the past and dynamic present of the area. Beyond the park’s natural beauties, the Reichraminger Hintergebirge promises a fascinating experience based on its small towns, historical sites, and traditional way of life.
Gesäuse National Park
Originally opened in 2002, Gesäuse National Park is a stunning junction of landscape and culture. The park protects the rich cultural legacy of the Gesäuse range as well as the distinctive scenery and animals of that range. Visitors are invited on a voyage of discovery whereby they may learn, explore, and marvel at the magnificent tapestry created by history and environment.
Sculpted by Nature’s Hand: A Dramatic Landscape
Snaking its way through the heart of Gesäuse National Park, the longest river in Austria to start and run totally within the nation’s borders is the Enns River. Appropriately christening the park “Gesäuse,” the German word for “roaring,” the relentless power of this river has sculpted a deep and narrow gorge into the limestone cliffs over millions of years, echoing the always present sound of rushing water.
Comprising three separate massifs—the Reichenstein Group, the Hochtor Group, and the Buchstein Massif—the park is a component of the Northern Limestone Alps. Rising a magnificent 2,369 meters (7,772 feet), Hochtor is the crown gem of the park. Rugged ridges, sheer cliffs, and amazing karst formations—a network of springs, sinkholes, and secret caverns sculpted by water’s relentless work on the limestone bedrock define the terrain. The park is graced by glacial valleys such as those of Radmer and Johnsbach, which provide breathtaking views and friendly walking paths.
A Realm of Four Seasons: Embracing Diversity
Two different climates rule Gesäuse National Park: continental and alpine. With an average of 6.5°C (43.7°F), the annual temperature swings in the winter from -20°C (-4°F) and in the summer from 35°C (95°F). Annually, precipitation averages 1,200 mm (47 inches); most falls as summer rain and winter snow. With their own set of attractions and challenges, each of the four seasons colors the park in different tones, creating an amazing show all year long.
The Biodiversity of Gesäuse National Park
The amazing variety of butterflies in the park will enthralls those who enjoy nature. Gesäuse National Park is a real butterfly heaven with more than 1,000 recorded species flying among the flowers. Comprising more than sixty orchid species, each a tribute to the delicate beauty of the plant world, further accentuates the floral tapestry of the park.
Endangered Icons: A Glimpse into Rarity
The many rare and threatened species depend on the varied settings of the park as a necessary haven:
- Soaring with Majesty: The Golden Eagle – From its cliff-top nests, where it hunts for prey like marmots, hares, and chamis, the magnificent Golden Eagle, the emblem of the park, rules supreme.
- A Ghost Returned: The Elusive Lynx – After a century of disappearance, the biggest wild cat in Europe, the lynx, was effectively returned to the park in 1998. With a little chance, you might see this shy predator prowling the deep forests.
- A Master of Moisture: The Alpine Salamander – Thriving in cool, moist surroundings, the jet-black amphibian known as the Master of Moisture is an intriguing park resident. The alpine salamander is unique among most amphibians in that it delivers live young, which adds to their adaptations.
- A Slipper of Enchantment: The Lady’s Slipper Orchid – One of Europe’s most threatened orchid, the lady’s slipper orchid graces the park with its delicate yellow and purple blooms, like a tiny slipper.
- A Symbol of Alpine Resilience: The Edelweiss – Tenaciously clinging to life on rocky slopes, the famous white and fuzzy Edelweiss symbol of bravery and endurance adds a bit of alpine appeal to the scene of the park.
A Fungus Among Us: A Hidden Kingdom
Apart from the amazing vegetation and fauna, Gesäuse National Park is home to almost 2,000 known species of fungus. While it’s important to remain vigilant and avoid brilliantly colored or oddly shaped fungus like fly agarics, death caps, and destroying angels, which can be poisonous, shrewd foragers can uncover delicious varieties including chanterelles, porcini, and morels.
The Culture of Gesäuse National Park
Beyond its natural beauties, Gesäuse National Park presents an intriguing window into the rich and varied past of the area. Human presence in this area dates back to the Stone Age; over millennia, many civilizations have left their traces on the terrain. From Celts and Romans to Bavarians and Habsburgs, the park honors a confluence of Mediterranean, Germanic, and Slavic inspirations.
A Legacy in Stone: Architectural Marvels
- Admont Abbey: Founded in 1074, Admont Abbey, a jewel of Baroque architecture, is the oldest and biggest Benedictine monastery in Styria. Celebrated for housing the largest monastic library in the world, it boasts over 200,000 books and manuscripts, some spanning centuries. Comprising an amazing collection of art and natural history objects including paintings, sculptures, fossils, and minerals, an on-site museum enhances the experience.
- Gallenstein Castle: Originally a 12th-century stronghold, Gallenstein Castle is evidence of the mediaeval past of the region now in ruins. Though worn, it presents a magnificent scene including the Enns Valley and the Gesäuse Mountains. With cultural events including celebrations, exhibits, and concerts, the grounds of the castle come alive.
Modern Delights: Adventure and Education
- Wasserlochklamm Adventure Park: Opening in 2010, Wasserlochklamm Adventure Park presents an exciting trip into a water-themed paradise. From exciting zip lines and difficult climbing walls to cool water slides and wobbly suspended bridges, the park appeals to all kinds of adventurers. From a nature trail, guests can reach the Wasserloch Cave, a karst wonder with a secret lake and tumbling waterfall.
- National Park Pavilion: Gstatterboden holds the modern National Park Pavilion, opened in 2012. This multifunctional area offers park information and education in one-stop shop form. Interactive exhibits, educational films, and gripping soundscapes allow visitors to investigate the ecological and cultural variety of the park. A well-stocked store, a small cafe, and a playground guarantee a whole guest experience.
Activities in Gesäuse National Park
Offering a smorgasbary of events that promise adventure, knowledge, and pure enjoyment, Gesäuse National Park appeals to guests of all ages and interests.
Lace Up Your Hiking Boots: Exploring Diverse Trails
Comprising more than 500 kilometers of hiking paths, the park offers a variety of difficulty levels, length, and breathtaking scenery. Here is a look at a few of the most often used routes:
- Conquering the Peak: Hochtor – Rising from Johnsbach or Radmer, Hochtor, the highest point in the park, offers a demanding but worthwhile 5-hour climb. The effort is well worth it from the summit with the amazing panoramic views.
- A Scenic Ascent: Buchstein – From Gstatterboden or Mödlingerhütte, set out a 3-hour trip for a rather difficult climb to reach the amazing Buchstein summit.
- A Test of Endurance: Reichenstein – is a test of endurance! From Haindlkarhütte, or Hesshütte, the tall Reichenstein calls for a difficult 4-hour walk. One appropriate reward are the unmatched views from the top.
Hit the Trails: Cycling Adventures for Everyone
Riding aficionados can tour the park on a system of paved to unpaved, easy to difficult paths. Here are some picturesque paths to take thought:
- A Gentle Ride: Enns Cycling Path – Enjoy a leisurely ride beside the Enns River on this gorgeous and simple path from Admont to Hieflau, passing little towns and historical sites along the way.
- A Thrilling Ride: Gesäuse Bike Path – For those looking for a challenge, the Gesäuse bike path presents amazing views of the river and mountains as it winds across the Gesäuse Valley from Gstatterboden to Hieflau. Prepare for an amazing encounter!
- A Varied Ride: Radmer Cycling Path – Starting from Hieflau to Wasserlochklamm across the Radmer Valley, Radmer Cycling Path winds its way across meadows, ponds, and woodlands on a modest and beautiful route.
Winter Wonderland: A skier’s paradise
Over fifty kilometers of approved paths within the park allow cross-country skiers and snowshoers to carve their way. These are some often used choices:
- Basking in the Sun: Johnsbach Ski Trail – Enjoy sunny slopes and panoramic views of the Hochtor group on the easy and picturesque Johnsbach Trail, which winds across the Johnsbach Valley from Johnsbach to Ebneralm.
- A Gentle Glide: Weng Ski Trail – Seek refuge in the shade of the Weng Valley as you follow the gentle Weng ski track from Weng to Mödlingerhütte. This route offers beautiful views of the Buchstein Massif.
- A Challenging Circuit: Admont Ski Trail – Test your abilities on the demanding and varied Admont ski trail. This path circles the Admont Abbey from Admont to Hall across fields, orchards, and forests.
Beyond the Trails: A Plethora of Activities
Beyond hiking, riding, and skiing, Gesäuse National Park presents a wealth of pursuits. Here are some interesting possibilities to give thought:
- Challenge Accepted: Climbing – Calling all Adrenaline Junkies! From sport climbing to alpine climbing, and from simple to extreme, the park features more than 500 climbing routes appealing to all ability levels. Popular climbing venues are Haindlkar, Peternpfad, and Planspitze.
- White-Water Adventure: Rafting – Rafting on several Enns River sections, from calm and family-friendly to wild and thrilling, will provide white-water adventure. Popular bases for rafting excursions are the Gesäuse entry, exit, and Kummerbrücke.
- Wildlife Watching: A Nature Lover’s Paradise – For those who enjoy the natural world, the park hums with a variety of species. See and study the birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and plants of the park. Among the best places for seeing animals are the Admont wildlife park, the Johnsbach wildlife enclosure, and the Gstatterboden wildlife observation tower.
Thayatal National Park
Tucked down on the Austrian-Czech border, Thayatal National Park is a shining example of cultural legacy and natural beauty. Covering 13.3 square kilometers, it is an essential part of a bigger transboundary conservation project working with the Podyjí National Park in the Czech Republic. Taken together, they produce an amazing valley ecosystem bursting with life.
A Sanctuary for Nature’s Tapestry
Through the center of the park, the Thaya River snakes its way and supports an amazing variety of habitats. From peaceful wetlands and dramatic rocky slopes to rich forests and sun-drenched meadows, Thayatal provides a refuge for an amazing range of plants and animals. Amazingly, half of all the plant species discovered in Austria call this park home. Its protected boundaries provide refuge for rare species including the fire salamander, the elegant black stork, the playful otter, and the elusive European wildcat.
A Tapestry Woven by Time
Thayatal National Park has a rich cultural and historical legacy beyond its environmental importance. Celts, Romans, Slavs, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire have over millennia shaped the terrain and given the park’s story complexity and mystery.
A Triumph of Conservation
The founding of the park in 2000 is evidence of the constant dedication of environmentalists. To stop the building of a hydroelectric power plant that would flood the valley and destroy its natural beauties, a bloody struggle was launched. Fortunately, those who battled for its preservation had great passion and will.
Exploring the Park’s Delights
Carefully managing the park, the non-profit Thayatal National Park GmbH guarantees the welfare of its ecosystems and supports ethical travel, environmental education, and scientific study.
Via a system of well-kept hiking paths, visitors can explore the beauties of the park. While the Wildcat Camp presents a special chance to learn about these amazing animals, the National Park House is a great source center. A bridge gracefully crosses the Thaya River to link the sides of the park representing Austria and Czech interests. To suit a variety of interests, the park calendar is bursting with events, seminars, guided tours, and exhibits all year long. Park entrance is notably free all year long.
A Beacon of International Collaboration
The relevance of Thayatal National Park goes beyond its boundaries. Just one hundred kilometers from Vienna, it is conveniently reachable by bus, train, or car. The park has won the esteemed European Diploma of Protected Areas from the Council of Europe for its outstanding conservation initiatives. In addition, it is a part of the Natura 2000 network, a cooperative effort preserving Europe’s most important natural habitats and species, and the Europarc Federation, a robust network of protected areas spread over Europe.
