Linz Castle

Linz Castle, also known as Linzer Schloss, is one of the most prominent attractions in the city of Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. The castle has witnessed many events and changes throughout the centuries, from the Roman era to the modern day. It has served as a fortress, a residence, a museum, and a cultural center. In this article, we will explore the history, architecture, and exhibitions of Linz Castle, and discover why it is a must-see destination for anyone visiting Linz.

The Origins of Linz Castle

The origins of Linz Castle can be traced back to the Roman times, when a fort called Lentia was built on the same site to protect the border of the Roman Empire. The fort was part of a network of fortifications along the Danube river, known as the Limes. The name Lentia is derived from the Celtic word for “bend”, referring to the curve of the river near the fort.

The first written mention of Linz Castle dates back to 799 AD, during the reign of Charlemagne, the king of the Franks and the founder of the Holy Roman Empire. In a deed of gift, Charlemagne donated the “Castle in Linze” and the nearby church of St Martin to the bishop of Passau. The castle and the church were the center of the settlement that later developed into the city of Linz.

The Medieval and Renaissance Periods

In the following centuries, Linz Castle underwent several modifications and expansions, as it changed hands among different rulers and nobles. In the 12th century, the castle was fortified with a moat and a wall, and a chapel dedicated to St George was added. In the 13th century, the castle was enlarged with a tower and a palace, and became the seat of the local administration.

In the 15th century, Linz Castle reached its peak of importance and splendor, as it became the residence of Emperor Frederick III, one of the most influential rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. Frederick III chose Linz as his main residence, and spent more than 30 years in the castle, until his death in 1493. He also made Linz the capital of the empire, and granted it many privileges and rights. During his reign, Linz Castle was renovated and decorated with Gothic and Renaissance elements, such as the Friedrichstor (Frederick’s Gate), the coat of arms, and the imperial motto “A.E.I.O.U.” (meaning “Austriae est imperare orbi universo”, or “It is Austria’s destiny to rule the world”). Frederick III was also a patron of arts and sciences, and invited many artists, scholars, and humanists to his court in Linz.

The Baroque and Modern Eras

After the death of Frederick III, Linz Castle lost its status as the imperial residence, and was used for various purposes, such as a military barracks, a prison, a hospital, and a warehouse. In the 17th century, the castle was rebuilt in the Baroque style by Emperor Rudolf II, who wanted to restore its former glory. The castle was enlarged with a new wing, a courtyard, and a chapel. However, the castle suffered a major setback in 1800, when a fire broke out and destroyed the south wing and the chapel. The fire was caused by a lightning strike, and was exacerbated by the gunpowder stored in the castle.

The castle remained in ruins for over a century, until it was restored and converted into a museum in the early 20th century. The museum was founded by the Upper Austrian Provincial Museum Association, and opened to the public in 1915. The museum displayed the collections of art, history, and culture of Upper Austria, from the prehistoric times to the present day. The museum also hosted temporary exhibitions on various topics and themes.

In 2009, Linz Castle underwent another transformation, as part of the city’s celebration as the European Capital of Culture. The south wing was rebuilt in a modern glass-and-steel architecture, contrasting with the historical stone walls. The new wing added more space and facilities for the museum, and also offered a panoramic view of the city and the river. The new wing also housed the exhibitions on nature and technology in Upper Austria, showcasing the natural diversity and the scientific achievements of the region.

The Castle Museum Today

Today, Linz Castle is the largest universal museum in Austria, covering a wide range of subjects and disciplines. The museum consists of four permanent exhibitions, each occupying a different wing of the castle:

The History of Culture exhibition presents the artistic and cultural history of Upper Austria from the Neolithic Age to the 20th century. The exhibition features various artifacts, artworks, and documents that illustrate the social, political, and religious aspects of the region. Some of the highlights of the exhibition include the Roman mosaics, the medieval sculptures, the Renaissance paintings, the Baroque furniture, and the Biedermeier ceramics.
The Nature in Upper Austria exhibition explores the natural diversity and beauty of Upper Austria, from the mountains to the plains, from the forests to the lakes. The exhibition displays various specimens, models, and dioramas of the flora and fauna of the region, as well as interactive stations and multimedia presentations. Some of the highlights of the exhibition include the dinosaur skeletons, the aquariums, the insectarium, and the meteorite collection.
The Technology in Upper Austria exhibition showcases the scientific and technological achievements and innovations of Upper Austria, from the industrial revolution to the digital age. The exhibition features various machines, devices, and instruments that demonstrate the development and application of science and technology in various fields, such as energy, communication, transportation, and medicine. Some of the highlights of the exhibition include the steam engine, the telephone, the bicycle, and the computer.
The Special Exhibitions wing hosts temporary exhibitions on various topics and themes, related to art, history, culture, nature, or technology. The special exhibitions change regularly, and offer new perspectives and insights on different aspects of Upper Austria and the world.

How to get to Linz Castle from the city center

There are several ways to get to Linz Castle from the city center, depending on your preferred mode of transportation. Here are some options:

By foot: You can walk to Linz Castle in about 15 minutes from the main square (Hauptplatz). Just follow the signs for Schlossmuseum or Linzer Schloss, and enjoy the scenic views of the Danube river and the old town along the way.
By tram: You can take the tram line 1, 2, 3, or 4 from the main square (Hauptplatz) to the stop Schlossberg, which is right next to Linz Castle. The tram ride takes about 10 minutes, and costs 2.40 euros for a single ticket.
By bus: You can take the bus line 26, 27, or 45 from the main square (Hauptplatz) to the stop Schlossberg, which is also right next to Linz Castle. The bus ride takes about 15 minutes, and costs 2.40 euros for a single ticket.
By car: You can drive to Linz Castle by following the signs for Schlossmuseum or Linzer Schloss. There is a parking lot near the castle, which costs 1.50 euros per hour. However, parking spaces are limited, especially on weekends and holidays.

Linz, Austria