新帕扎尔斯卡巴尼亚

Novopazarska Banja is a populated place in the town of Novi Pazar, southwestern Serbia, situated in the valley of the Izbica River at 43°09′17″ N and 20°32′22″ E, 505 meters above sea level and approximately three kilometers from the center of Novi Pazar. It extends beneath the massifs of Golija to the north, Kopaonik to the east, Rogozna to the southeast and Ninaja to the west, and lies some 272 kilometers by road from Belgrade. As part of the Raško District, Novopazarska Banja occupies a naturally sheltered basin of roughly four hectares of developed parkland, and functions as both a thermal mineral spring resort and a climatic health destination, offering hyperthermal sulphurous waters against the backdrop of mountainous terrain.

Novopazarska Banja’s origin dates to antiquity, when its sulphurous hot springs attracted early settlers and healers. Through the medieval period, the spa formed part of the health resort tradition of Raška, drawing pilgrims and travellers for its reputed therapeutic benefits. Following the Ottoman conquest in the fifteenth century, usage declined initially, yet by the late sixteenth century the Ottoman authorities recognized the springs’ value and constructed two Turkish baths and associated guest quarters. Contemporary accounts, including those of the French travel writer César de Saussure Lefebvre in the early 1500s, attest to “natural hot springs near Novi Pazar,” confirming continuous utilization. Ottoman era enhancements included the erection of a caravanserai and a hammam atop the remnants of earlier Roman-Byzantine bath structures. The Vienna War of 1683–1699 saw the spas partially destroyed, contributing to another phase of decline.

By the late eighteenth century, local patrons commissioned a new bathhouse, restoring Novopazarska Banja’s popularity. Successive centuries witnessed incremental advancement: the post-World War II period brought the construction of a modern inpatient facility and, in 1953, the Rheumatology Centre hospital. Concurrently, an institute specializing in muscular and neuromuscular rehabilitation was established, earning Novopazarska Banja official status as a Special Hospital for the Treatment of Muscular and Neuromuscular Diseases during the 1990s. These developments positioned the spa among Serbia’s foremost centres for dystrophy therapy and comprehensive rehabilitation, accommodating up to 180 inpatients in purpose-built wards overseen by leading specialists.

Geographically, Novopazarska Banja occupies a transitional zone between continental and mountain climates. At 504 metres elevation, it ranks among Serbia’s higher-altitude spas, its microclimate shaped by the surrounding Rogozna and Golija ranges. Precipitation levels remain moderate, daily insolation is high, and wind exposure is limited by the basin topography, fostering conditions favourable to convalescence and convalescent activity. The climate’s mildness, combined with the absence of extreme temperature fluctuations, underpins its designation as a climatic health resort. The parkland enveloping the spa comprises over one thousand ornamental trees and shrubs—pines, lindens and indigenous species—arranged within four hectares of landscaped grounds, offering patients and visitors regulated walks and restorative encounters with the local flora.

The spa’s hydrogeology features fourteen identified springs originating from a single deep aquifer. As the thermal waters ascend, they diverge along multiple subterranean pathways, interacting with varied lithological strata and blending with shallower groundwater bodies. This process yields discrete spring outlets with distinct temperatures, ranging from 15 °C at peripheral seepages to 50 °C at principal outlets, classifying them as hyperthermal by international hydrothermal standards. Flow rates reach up to 5 litres per second per spring, sufficient for large-scale therapeutic applications and mud preparations. Chemical analyses reveal that Novopazarska Banja’s waters are sulphurous-acidic hyperthermal, with total dissolved solids approximating 1.6 grams per litre. Dominant cations include sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium, while principal anions comprise bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate and nitrate. Trace constituents encompass iron, aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, free carbonic acid and hydrogen sulfide, collectively conferring the waters’ characteristic odour and therapeutic properties.

在治疗方面，诺沃帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇 (Novopazarska Banja) 专攻神经性肌肉营养不良症及相关疾病。该专科医院提供整合疗法，包括浴疗、运动疗法、电疗和泥疗，旨在治疗肌肉萎缩、肌病和周围神经病变。其他临床适应症包括中风后康复、慢性皮肤病、退行性和炎症性风湿病、坐骨神经痛和其他脊柱疾病、运动相关损伤、女性妇科疾病（包括不孕症和炎症）以及骨科手术后的恢复期。神经疗法则致力于治疗神经痛以及中枢和周围神经系统疾病。虽然水疗中心接受寻求预防性保健的健康客人，但某些情况不宜进行浴疗：怀孕、急性传染病或寄生虫病、恶性肿瘤、性病、活动性结核病、急性血栓性静脉炎以及不稳定的心血管疾病，例如心绞痛。有意向的客人需接受医疗筛查，以评估其是否适合接受浴疗，并确保治疗方案安全。

新帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇（Novopazarska Banja）的地理位置优越，拥有众多文化遗产，其中许多受联合国教科文组织保护。在方圆二十公里内，坐落着中世纪的修道院和防御工事，它们见证了塞尔维亚国家的起源。久尔杰维斯图波维修道院（Đurđevi Stupovi）由斯蒂芬·内马尼亚（Stefan Nemanja）于1171年在斯塔里拉斯（Stari Ras）的一座山顶上建造，是拉什卡（Raška）建筑流派的典范。修道院的双塔（或称舍利塔）赋予了该建筑群名称，并强调了其在中世纪初期基督教世界中的象征意义。向西约二十公里处，是索波查尼修道院（Sopoćani Monastery），由国王斯蒂芬·乌罗什一世（Stefan Uroš I）于约1260年建造，其壁画被誉为拜占庭-塞尔维亚艺术的巅峰之作；其被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，反映了其普遍价值。拉斯的圣使徒彼得和保罗教堂至少可追溯到公元八世纪，其建筑风格与亚美尼亚和格鲁吉亚同期的建筑风格相似，但后来的修缮赋予了其独特的复合形式。附近的拉斯堡垒和格拉迪纳山上的相关考古遗迹证明了该地区在拜占庭皇帝约翰二世·科穆宁统治时期的战略重要性。再往南，中世纪城镇耶拉奇的遗址最早记载于1282年，它保留了防御工事城市规划的遗迹，塔楼和城门建筑群的地基至今仍保留。这些古迹共同构成了水疗体验的补充，丰富了文化内涵，并为学术交流提供了机会。

交通便利是新帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇交通便利的基础。每日巴士服务连接温泉镇与新帕扎尔，并从新帕扎尔出发，经区域线路延伸至科索沃米特罗维察（北约90公里）、拉什卡（西21公里）和克拉列沃（南102公里）。从贝尔格莱德到亚得里亚海岸的主干道横穿新帕扎尔，不仅疏导了人流，还为温泉运营提供了后勤保障。毗邻主干道的地理位置确保了温泉镇全年都能进行治疗和旅游，尽管冬季高地偶尔会降雪。

住宿选择涵盖机构和私人机构。特别医院提供180张单人间和双人间床位，配备齐全，确保患者舒适私密。毗邻的“Sopoćani”、“Vrbak”和“Raj”酒店为非临床患者提供住宿，配备标准设施，步行即可到达治疗中心。治疗服务、酒店基础设施和自然环境的融合符合国际健康度假村规划标准，确保在协调的空间框架内满足临床和休闲需求。

除了温泉疗养之外，诺沃帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇还提供一系列休闲和体育活动。毗邻水疗中心的草地和田野适合户外运动，而徒步小径则沿着罗戈兹纳山麓和戈利亚山麓蜿蜒而上。这些山脉以其生物多样性和壮丽的全景而闻名，从春季到秋季，游客可以参加带导游和自助游览。该地区气候温和的夏季和白雪皑皑的冬季，适合各种季节性活动，从植物漫步到越野滑雪，应有尽有。诺沃帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇将疗养、文化和自然景点融为一体，体现了超越单一疗养重点的综合疗养胜地模式。

温泉的植物园始建于十九世纪，并在随后的几十年中不断扩建，园内种植了超过一千种观赏植物，包括本地和外来植物。四公顷的范围内设有小径，游客可以在椴树和松树的树冠下漫步于层层递进的步道。喷泉、休息区和带顶凉亭点缀着景观，方便人们进行规律的体育活动和休息。这些场地既是疗养场所，也是树木学研究的解说空间，强化了温泉作为医疗和环境资源的双重作用。

自21世纪初以来，诺沃帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇（Novopazarska Banja）经历了逐步的现代化改造。工程升级了取水和供水系统，以优化治疗方案并确保卫生标准。实验室设施能够持续监测水化学成分，同时与医学院校开展研究合作，探索浴疗在神经病学和康复医学领域的新应用。对数字基础设施（包括电子健康记录和远程医疗功能）的投资，扩大了水疗中心对偏远地区患者的覆盖范围，并与塞尔维亚更广泛的医疗数字化战略相契合。

经济影响研究表明，诺沃帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇对拉什科区的经济贡献巨大，在医疗保健、酒店和辅助服务领域创造了就业机会。游客在治疗、住宿、餐饮和文化游览方面的消费支撑了当地小型企业的发展，而公私合作则为基础设施的改善提供了资金。作为专业康复中心，该温泉浴场吸引了国内外患者，促进了医疗旅游和跨境合作。

展望未来，诺沃帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇的战略规划强调可持续性和遗产保护。方案包括修复奥斯曼时代的浴场建筑——古老的土耳其浴室及其相关的温泉浴场，以及建造一座温泉博物馆。环境管理计划致力于保护罗戈兹纳和戈利亚山坡上的森林，而气候适应措施则旨在缓解潜在的水文变化。学术合作旨在记录该温泉的历史演变，并在同行评审期刊上发表研究成果，从而巩固其在全球药疗温泉网络中的地位。

总体而言，诺沃帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇展现出其多元化的特色：它传承了数百年的传统疗养；它提供严谨的医疗康复服务；它通往联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产的门户；它也是广阔生态景观中的枢纽。其富含硫磺和矿物质的高温温泉，提供从神经肌肉疗法到皮肤病护理等各种疗法。其宜人的气候和公园环境，既有利于治疗，也有利于预防。医疗基础设施、酒店服务和文化旅游的融合，凸显了该度假村满足多样化需求的能力。随着诺沃帕扎尔斯卡矿泉镇迈入21世纪，其对历史资产的管理、对科学探究的投入以及对可持续发展目标的遵循，都进一步巩固了其在塞尔维亚乃至欧洲疗养胜地遗产中的悠久传承。