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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u6ce2\u5170\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u8054\u90a6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the 16th century, Poland\u2019s power and culture blossomed. In 1569 the Union of Lublin created the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, an enormous dual state that in its prime spanned over one million square kilometers \u2013 making it one of Europe\u2019s largest countries at the time.&nbsp;The Commonwealth was notable for its \u201cGolden Liberty\u201d: a parliament of nobles elected the king and guaranteed unprecedented personal freedoms. It boasted early forms of constitutional government and unusual religious tolerance for the era. The Warsaw Confederation of 1573 codified freedom of worship, and monasteries of Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox Christians, Jews and Muslims all thrived. Academies at Krak\u00f3w, Vilnius and beyond made it a cultural hub. Science flourished: Nicolaus Copernicus (born in Toru\u0144, then Commonwealth territory) published his heliocentric theory in 1543, altering astronomy forever. Poland\u2019s Renaissance architecture \u2014 from the royal Wawel Castle in Krak\u00f3w to fortified towns like Zamo\u015b\u0107 \u2014 also dates to this age. In 1791, the enlightened Commonwealth adopted the May 3 Constitution, Europe\u2019s first modern national constitution and the world\u2019s second after the United States, though it lasted only a year before the state was overwhelmed by neighbors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6d88\u5931\u7684123\u5e74\uff1a\u5206\u88c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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1920 \u5e74\u7684\u6ce2\u82cf\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u201c\u7ef4\u65af\u74e6\u6cb3\u5947\u8ff9\u201d\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5230\u4e86 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 20 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u518d\u6b21\u6a2a\u8de8\u4e86\u5176\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5386\u53f2\u9886\u571f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1945\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u6210\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u6559\u7687\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08\u74e6\u591a\u7ef4\u91c7\u7684\u5361\u7f57\u5c14\u00b7\u6c83\u4f0a\u8482\u74e6\uff09\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5168\u7403\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u9f13\u821e\u4e86\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u57fa\u5c42\u7684\u6311\u6218\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\uff1a\u7531\u83b1\u8d6b\u00b7\u74e6\u6587\u8428\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u9020\u8239\u5de5\u4eba\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u80a1\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1989\u5e74\u4fc3\u6210\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u5e73\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e1c\u6b27\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u65e7\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1999\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u5317\u7ea6\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\uff0c\u878d\u5165\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6ce2\u5170\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u9057\u4ea7\u5730\u6307\u5357<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u7528\u77f3\u5934\u3001\u6728\u5934\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u622a\u81f32021\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u62e5\u670917\u5904\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u4eae\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u514b\u62c9\u79d1\u592b\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff081978 \u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u8001\u57ce\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u74e6\u7ef4\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u66fe\u662f\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8054\u6392\u522b\u5885\u3001\u6559\u5802\u548c\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684\u96c6\u5e02\u5e7f\u573a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u548c\u54e5\u7279\u5f0f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ef4\u5229\u5947\u5361\u548c\u535a\u8d6b\u5c3c\u4e9a\u76d0\u77ff (1978)<\/strong>\u00a0\u514b\u62c9\u79d1\u592b\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u5efa\u4e8e13\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u77ff\u4e95\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u96a7\u9053\u3001\u6559\u5802\u548c\u7528\u76d0\u6676\u96d5\u523b\u800c\u6210\u7684\u96d5\u5851\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5ea7\u77ff\u4e95\uff08\u7ef4\u5229\u5947\u5361\u77ff\uff09\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u6fd2\u5371\u77ff\u4e95\uff0c\u540e\u7ecf\u6e7f\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u9879\u76ee\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9a6c\u5c14\u5821\u6761\u987f\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\u57ce\u5821\uff081997 \u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9762\u79ef\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7816\u780c\u57ce\u5821\uff08\u8d85\u8fc750\u82f1\u4ea9\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u6761\u987f\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\u572813\u81f314\u4e16\u7eaa\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u5176\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8bfa\u52a0\u7279\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7ea2\u8272\u57ce\u5899\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u534e\u6c99\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff081980 \u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u9971\u53d7\u6218\u4e89\u8e42\u8e8f\u7684\u534e\u6c99\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u6218\u524d\u7684\u98ce\u8c8c\u3002\u5176\u7687\u5bb6\u57ce\u5821\u548c\u8001\u57ce\u5e7f\u573a\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u540e\u4fee\u590d\u5178\u8303\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b-\u6bd4\u514b\u7459\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff081979\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u91cc\u66fe\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u548c\u706d\u7edd\u8425\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u6539\u5efa\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u548c\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5e84\u4e25\u8083\u7a46\u5730\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7740\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u6050\u6016\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6258\u4f26\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u53e4\u57ce\uff081997\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u6258\u4f26\u662f\u7ef4\u65af\u74e6\u6cb3\u7554\u4e00\u5ea7\u54e5\u7279\u5f0f\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u3002\u6258\u4f26\u7684\u7816\u780c\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u6559\u5802\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u6c49\u8428\u540c\u76df\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5386\u53f2\u540d\u57ce\u624e\u83ab\u5e0c\u5947 (1992)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u89c4\u5212\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e 16 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b8c\u597d\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u59cb\u4eba Jan Zamoyski \u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e9a\u6c83\u5c14\u548c\u5e0c\u7ef4\u5fb7\u5c3c\u5bdf\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u6559\u5802\uff082001 \u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u5ea7\u5927\u578b\u5df4\u6d1b\u514b\u5f0f\u6728\u8d28\u6559\u5802\u5efa\u4e8e17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u800c\u5efa\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u6728\u6750\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u88c5\u9970\u4e4b\u7cbe\u7f8e\u4ee4\u4eba\u53f9\u4e3a\u89c2\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5580\u5c14\u5df4\u9621\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6728\u5236 Tserkvas\uff082013 \u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u6ce2\u5170-\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u516d\u5ea7\u6728\u5236\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u6559\u5802\uff08tserkvas\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u5efa\u4e8e 16 \u81f3 17 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6728\u5de5\u6280\u827a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5c0f\u6ce2\u5170\u5357\u90e8\u6728\u5236\u6559\u5802\uff082003\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u5728\u5c0f\u6ce2\u5170\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6709\u516b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6728\u5236\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u6bcf\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u6728\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6728\u74e6\u5c4b\u9876\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5361\u5c14\u74e6\u91cc\u4e9a\u00b7\u6cfd\u5e03\u65e5\u591a\u592b\u65af\u5361\uff081999\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u2014\u514b\u62c9\u79d1\u592b\u9644\u8fd1\u4e00\u5ea7\u5efa\u4e8e17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5df4\u6d1b\u514b\u5f0f\u671d\u5723\u5efa\u7b51\u7fa4\uff0c\u5176\u5c0f\u6559\u5802\u548c\u5927\u6559\u5802\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u5982\u540c\u9732\u5929\u82e6\u8def\u5341\u56db\u7ad9\u3002\u5b83\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u6ce2\u5170\u4e00\u90e8\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u620f\u5267\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7a46\u65af\u8003\u5c14\u516c\u56ed\uff082004\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u6a2a\u8de8\u5fb7\u6ce2\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u768419\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u5f0f\u56ed\u6797\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u7247\u82f1\u5f0f\u56ed\u6797\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f17\u7f57\u8328\u74e6\u592b\u767e\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5802\uff082006 \u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5efa\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u94a2\u7b4b\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5927\u5385\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u7a0b\u58ee\u4e3e\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u767e\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0\u800c\u5efa\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u7c7b\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tarnowskie G\u00f3ry \u5386\u53f2\u94f6\u77ff (2017)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u5361\u6258\u7ef4\u5179\u9644\u8fd1\u4e00\u5ea7\u59cb\u5efa\u4e8e18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u94f6\u94c5\u77ff\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6e38\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c21.7\u516c\u91cc\u957f\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u77ff\u4e95\uff0c\u5e76\u770b\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u91c7\u77ff\u673a\u68b0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6c83\u7ef4\u8036\u624e\u68ee\u6797\uff081992\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u2014\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7247\u539f\u59cb\u4f4e\u5730\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u4e0e\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u8fd9\u7247\u5c71\u6bdb\u6989\u548c\u6a61\u6811\u6797\u7acb\u7684\u8352\u91ce\uff0c\u662f\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7531\u6f2b\u6b65\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u91ce\u725b\u7fa4\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u4e24\u5904\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u9057\u4ea7\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5580\u5c14\u5df4\u9621\u5c71\u8109\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u539f\u59cb\u5c71\u6bdb\u6989\u6797\uff082021\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u8de8\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6ce2\u5170\u522b\u4ec0\u6070\u8fea\u5c71\u8109\uff08\u522b\u4ec0\u6070\u8fea\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c71\u6bdb\u6989\u6797\u662f\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u672a\u53d7\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\u300aSto lat\u300b\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u7528\u6765\u795d\u613f\u4ed6\u4eba\u767e\u5c81\u5065\u5eb7\u957f\u5bff\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6b4c\u66f2\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u5728\u751f\u65e5\u548c\u547d\u540d\u65e5\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f1a\u5531\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u547d\u540d\u65e5\u4e5f\u50cf\u751f\u65e5\u4e00\u6837\u5145\u6ee1\u559c\u5e86\u6c14\u6c1b\u3002<\/p><cite>\u6587\u5316\u7b14\u8bb0<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ee4\u4eba\u53f9\u4e3a\u89c2\u6b62\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u4f20\u7edf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4e60\u4fd7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u4e0a\u70b9\u7f00\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6216\u8bb8\u8981\u6570\u547d\u540d\u65e5\uff08imieniny\uff09\u4f20\u7edf\u4e86\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u8282\u65e5\u90fd\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\u5e86\u795d\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684<\/em>&nbsp;\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f85\u5723\u4eba\u8282\u5c31\u50cf\u5bf9\u5f85\u751f\u65e5\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u65e5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u8d85\u8fc7\u751f\u65e5\u3002\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u4f1a\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8d60\u9001\u5c0f\u793c\u7269\u6216\u9c9c\u82b1\uff0c\u4eab\u7528\u76db\u5bb4\u2014\u2014\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u751f\u65e5\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u4e30\u76db\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u795d\u798f\uff0c&nbsp;<em>\u751f\u65e5\u5feb\u4e50<\/em>\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u5408\u800c\u5531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u4f20\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u662f\u4eb2\u543b\u624b\u80cc\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9047\u5230\u5e74\u957f\u6216\u7aef\u5e84\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u65f6\uff0c\u7537\u58eb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8f7b\u8f7b\u5730\u4eb2\u543b\u5979\u53f3\u624b\u7684\u80cc\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u793c\u8c8c\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u8d35\u65cf\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u573a\u5408\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u4e5f\u662f\u7537\u58eb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u793c\u8c8c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u79f0\u547c\u4e0a\uff1a\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528&nbsp;<em>\u5148\u751f\/\u5973\u58eb<\/em>&nbsp;\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u7528\uff08\u5148\u751f\/\u5973\u58eb\uff09\u52a0\u4e0a\u59d3\u6c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the first day of spring (around March 21), Poles practice the drowning of Marzanna. A straw doll (dressed as an old woman), symbolizing winter, is carried in procession, then set aflame and thrown into a river or lake. This Slavic ritual, rooted in pre-Christian times, is meant to banish winter and welcome spring\u2019s arrival. Schools often involve children in making Marzanna dolls and singing as they symbolically drown her. Similarly, Easter Monday features&nbsp;\u015amigus-Dyngus: friends and neighbors drench each other with water to celebrate spring renewal (traditionally boys play pranks by chasing girls with water, though today it\u2019s reciprocated).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b97\u6559\u9057\u4ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ea687%\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u4fe1\u5949\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u671d\u5723\u6d3b\u52a8\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\uff1a&nbsp;<em>\u4e9a\u65af\u7eb3\u6208\u62c9<\/em>&nbsp;\u7434\u65af\u6258\u970d\u74e6\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u4f9b\u5949\u7740\u5907\u53d7\u5c0a\u5d07\u7684\u9ed1\u5723\u6bcd\u50cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5438\u5f15\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u6e38\u5ba2\u3002\u6559\u7687\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e8c\u4e16\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u82f1\u96c4\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1978\u5e74\u81f32005\u5e74\u9886\u5bfc\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u88ab\u5c01\u5723\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4ed6\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u4e5f\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76db\u5927\u7684\u5e73\u5b89\u591c\u665a\u9910\u3002<em>\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u524d\u5915<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u9c7c\u7c7b\u548c 12 \u9053\u7d20\u98df\u83dc\u80b4\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u9882\u6b4c\u6f14\u5531\u548c\u5348\u591c\u5f25\u6492\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u8def\u8fb9\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u88c5\u9970\u7740\u9c9c\u82b1\u6216\u8721\u70db\u7684\u796d\u7940\u4ead\u3002\u5728\u5e84\u4e25\u8083\u7a46\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u5728\u65e0\u540d\u70c8\u58eb\u6216\u9635\u4ea1\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u5893\u524d\u70b9\u71c3\u8721\u70db\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u65d7\u7684\u767d\u7ea2\u4e24\u8272\u6e90\u81ea\u7eb9\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e2d\u7ea2\u5e95\u767d\u9e70\u7684\u56fe\u6848\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u56fd\u5fbd\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u65d7\uff08\u767d\u5e95\u7ea2\uff09\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u56fd\u65d7\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56fe\u6848\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p><cite>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u897f\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bed\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u0142\u3001\u00f3\u3001\u015b\u3001\u017a\u3001\u017c\u3001\u0107\u3001\u0144\u3001\u0105\u3001\u0119\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u53d1\u97f3\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8f85\u97f3\u62d7\u53e3\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Szczebrzeszyn\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c&nbsp;<em>\u7a00\u758f<\/em>&nbsp;\uff08\u201ctsheh-byezh\u201d\uff09\u6216&nbsp;<em>\u7f57\u5179<\/em>&nbsp;\uff08\u201cWoodge\u201d\uff09\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u8ff7\u60d1\u6027\uff01\u6ce2\u5170\u5b58\u5728\u5730\u533a\u65b9\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u6ce2\u7f8e\u62c9\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u5361\u8212\u6bd4\u8bed\u548c\u4e0a\u897f\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u897f\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u8bed\u53d8\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u6807\u51c6\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u5728\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e2d\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u3001\u5766\u7387\u771f\u8bda\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u95ee\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u59d4\u5a49\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u6216\u5564\u9152\u8c6a\u996e\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u2026\u2026&nbsp;<em>\u5e72\u676f!<\/em>&nbsp;\u996e\u9152\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e92\u9053\u201c\u795d\u60a8\u5065\u5eb7\uff01\u201d\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8981\u5c0f\uff0c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53cb\u597d\u5730\u70b9\u5934\u81f4\u610f\u3002\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5f0f\u79f0\u8c13\u6216\u4e3a\u957f\u8f88\u8d77\u7acb\u2014\u2014\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6ce2\u5170\u7f8e\u98df\uff1a\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u6ce2\u5170\u997a\u5b50<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u83dc\u80b4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u5bb6\u5e38\u83dc\u4e30\u76db\u53ef\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6e29\u6696\u8212\u9002\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u8272\u83dc\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u6ce2\u5170\u997a\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u997a\u5b50\uff0c\u9985\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u54b8\u7684\u6216\u751c\u7684\uff08\u571f\u8c46\u5976\u916a\u9985\u3001\u8089\u9985\u3001\u9178\u83dc\u9985\u3001\u8611\u83c7\u9985\u6216\u6c34\u679c\u9985\uff09\uff0c\u716e\u6216\u70b8\u5747\u53ef\u3002\u6df1\u53d7\u56fd\u6c11\u559c\u7231\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u730e\u4eba\u7096\u83dc\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u4e00\u9053\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u730e\u4eba\u7096\u83dc\uff0c\u7531\u9178\u83dc\uff08\u53d1\u9175\u5377\u5fc3\u83dc\uff09\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u8089\u7c7b\uff08\u732a\u8089\u3001\u9999\u80a0\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u7528\u91ce\u5473\uff09\u5236\u6210\u3002\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6162\u7096\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u6d53\u90c1\u7684\u70df\u718f\u98ce\u5473\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u9178\u9ed1\u9ea6\u6c64\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u4e00\u9053\u7528\u53d1\u9175\u9762\u5305\u589e\u7a20\u7684\u9178\u5473\u9ed1\u9ea6\u6c64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u4ee5\u9999\u80a0\u548c\u716e\u9e21\u86cb\u3002\u4e00\u9053\u5473\u9053\u6d53\u90c1\u3001\u9971\u8179\u611f\u5f3a\u7684\u5f00\u80c3\u83dc\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u7f57\u5b8b\u6c64\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u751c\u83dc\u6839\u6c64\uff0c\u6e05\u6f88\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u6ce5\u571f\u7684\u9999\u5473\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u751c\u83dc\u6839\u6c64\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d\u9178\u5976\u6cb9\u6216\u5c0f\u997a\u5b50\u98df\u7528\uff08<em>\u9984\u9968<\/em>\uff09\u5728\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u9e3d\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u5377\u5fc3\u83dc\u5377\u91cc\u5305\u7740\u8089\u548c\u7c73\u996d\uff0c\u7528\u756a\u8304\u9171\u70e4\u5236\u800c\u6210\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u9999\u80a0\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u6ce2\u5170\u9999\u80a0\u79cd\u7c7b\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u79cd\u2014\u2014\u65b0\u9c9c\u7684\u6216\u70df\u718f\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u849c\u6216\u9a6c\u90c1\u5170\u8c03\u5473\u7684\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u70e4\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u7096\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u8089\u7247\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u88f9\u9762\u5305\u5c51\u7684\u732a\u6392\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u70b8\u8089\u6392\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u571f\u8c46\u548c\u5377\u5fc3\u83dc\u6c99\u62c9\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u5965\u65af\u4f69\u514b\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u4ea7\u81ea\u5854\u7279\u62c9\u5c71\u8109\u7684\u7f8a\u5976\u70df\u718f\u5976\u916a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u80c3\u83dc\uff0c\u70e4\u5236\u6216\u4f50\u4ee5\u8513\u8d8a\u8393\u679c\u9171\u98df\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9178\u83dc\u3001\u814c\u9ec4\u74dc\u3001\u9cb1\u9c7c\u548c\u8fa3\u6839\u662f\u4f50\u9910\u4f73\u54c1\u3002\u800c\u6ce2\u5170\u9910\u98df\u82e5\u5c11\u4e86\u5c0f\u676f\u017cubr\u00f3wka\uff08\u91ce\u725b\u8349\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\uff09\u6216\u8096\u90a6\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\uff08\u6df7\u5408\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u9152\u2014\u2014\u4fbf\u4e0d\u7b97\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u4ee5\u917f\u9020\u4f18\u8d28\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u4e3a\u50b2\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u7684\uff08w\u00f3dka\u4e00\u8bcd\u6e90\u4e8e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u9ed1\u9ea6\u3001\u5c0f\u9ea6\u6216\u571f\u8c46\u8fdb\u884c\u84b8\u998f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5173\u4e8e\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u7684\u5927\u8fa9\u8bba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u5bf9\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e3b\u5f20\u5341\u5206\u6709\u529b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u751f\u4ea7\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u201d\uff08Votka\uff09\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u65e9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u9152<\/em>&nbsp;\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516c\u51438\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u548c\u5bab\u5ef7\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u917f\u9020\u8c37\u7269\u70c8\u9152\uff0c\u5230\u4e8616\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u996e\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u9152\u7cbe\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u572840%\u81f350%\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u7eaf\u996e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795d\u9152\u9152\u3002\u98ce\u5473\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u91ce\u725b\u8349\u3001\u8702\u871c\u6216\u6d46\u679c\uff09\u4e5f\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8282\u65e5\u98df\u54c1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u7f8e\u98df\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u65e5\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5723\u8bde\u591c\u7684\u201c\u5b88\u591c\u665a\u9910\u201d\uff08Wigilia\uff09\u662f\u7d20\u98df\u7684\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8611\u83c7\u997a\u5b50\u914d\u9178\u751c\u7684\u5df4\u4ec0\u5947\uff08barszcz\uff09\u3001\u9ca4\u9c7c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9c7c\u7c7b\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u997a\u5b50\uff08pierogi\uff09\u548c\u7f42\u7c9f\u7c7d\u7c73\u996d\u751c\u70b9\uff08kola\u010di\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u591c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7b2c\u4e00\u9897\u661f\u661f\u540e\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u4f1a\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u5757\u8584\u997c\uff08op\u0142atek\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e92\u81f4\u795d\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u9910\u684c\u4e0a\u6446\u6ee1\u4e86\u767d\u9999\u80a0\u6c64\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u9999\u80a0\u3001\u739b\u7956\u96f7\u514b\u86cb\u7cd5\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u6241\u5e73\u7684\u9165\u76ae\u674f\u4ec1\u86cb\u7cd5\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u6492\u7740\u575a\u679c\u6216\u6c34\u679c\uff09\u548c\u5df4\u5e03\u5361\u86cb\u7cd5\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u9175\u6bcd\u86cb\u7cd5\uff09\u3002\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u662f\u70ed\u95f9\u7684\u201c\u6cfc\u6c34\u8282\u201d\uff08\u015amigus-Dyngus\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u6cfc\u6c34\u5b09\u620f\u3002\u5728\u5927\u658b\u8282\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u56db\u2014\u2014\u201c\u80a5\u80d6\u661f\u671f\u56db\u201d\uff08T\u0142usty 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5a5a\u793c\u5bb4\u5e2d\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u70e4\u8089\u3001\u6c99\u62c9\u548c\u795d\u9152\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4f0f\u7279\u52a0\u6216\u9999\u69df\u3002\u795d\u9152\u8bcd\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u9686\u91cd\uff0c\u8d5e\u626c\u65b0\u90ce\u65b0\u5a18\u5e76\u795d\u613f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5065\u5eb7\uff08\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff09\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u751f\u65e5\u5feb\u4e50\uff01<\/em>\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u4e30\u6536\u8282\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u675f\u8c37\u7269\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u7ec7\u6210\u82b1\u73af\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6e38\u884c\u961f\u4f0d\u4e2d\u4ee5\u793a\u611f\u6069\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u98df\u7269\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u597d\u5ba2\u4e4b\u9053\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u540d\u4eba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u00b7\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\uff081473\u20131543\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u592a\u9633\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5730\u7403\uff09\u624d\u662f\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u00a0<em>\u8bba\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c<\/em>\u00a0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u65af\u514b\u6c83\u591a\u592b\u65af\u5361\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u8096\u90a6\uff081810\u20131849\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u8096\u90a6\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u534e\u6c99\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u548c\u94a2\u7434\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u66f2\u3001\u5706\u821e\u66f2\u548c\u591c\u66f2\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u6df1\u53d7\u559c\u7231\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u66f2\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u5bc6\u8328\u51ef\u7ef4\u5947 (1798\u20131855)\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6c11\u65cf\u8bd7\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53f2\u8bd7\u00a0<em>\u6f58\u00b7\u5854\u5fb7\u4e4c\u65af<\/em>\u00a0\uff081834\u5e74\uff09\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u4e86\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u3002\u5bc6\u8328\u51ef\u7ef4\u5947\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ea8\u5229\u514b\u663e\u514b\u5fae\u652f\uff081846-1916\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u4e8e1905\u5e74\u8363\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u00a0<em>\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<\/em>\uff09\u5c06\u6ce2\u5170\u5386\u53f2\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u89c2\u4f17\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ef4\u65af\u74e6\u74e6\u00b7\u8f9b\u6ce2\u65af\u5361\uff081923-2012\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u8bd7\u4eba\u517c\u6563\u6587\u5bb6\uff0c1996\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3002\u5979\u8bd9\u8c10\u777f\u667a\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u54f2\u7406\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u666e\u4e16\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5965\u5c14\u52a0\u00b7\u6258\u5361\u5c14\u4e18\u514b\uff08\u751f\u4e8e1962\u5e74\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5f53\u4ee3\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c2018\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u521b\u65b0\u5c0f\u8bf4\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u00a0<em>\u822a\u73ed<\/em>\u00a0\u63a2\u7d22\u65c5\u884c\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f57\u66fc\u00b7\u6ce2\u5170\u65af\u57fa\uff08\u751f\u4e8e1933\u5e74\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u83b7\u5f97\u5965\u65af\u5361\u5956\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8d5e\u8a89\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u00a0<em>\u94a2\u7434\u5bb6<\/em>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6ce2\u5170\u7535\u5f71\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff09\u00a0<em>\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u5200<\/em>\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u6770\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u4f0a\u8fbe\uff081926\u20132016\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u56e0\u521b\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u6ce2\u5170\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5bfc\u6f14\u8363\u83b7\u5965\u65af\u5361\u8363\u8a89\u5956\uff08<em>\u7070\u70ec\u4e0e\u94bb\u77f3<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u5361\u5ef7<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u00b7\u8a79\u8fbe\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5907\u53d7\u8d5e\u8a89\u7684\u5973\u6f14\u5458\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7269\uff08\u6765\u81ea\uff09\u00a0<em>\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u4eba<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u94a2\u7434\u5bb6<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u626c\u00b7\u9a6c\u6cf0\u4f0a\u79d1\uff081838\u20131893\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u4ee5\u5927\u578b\u5386\u53f2\u9898\u6750\u6cb9\u753b\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u753b\u5bb6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u00a0<em>\u683c\u4f26\u74e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u6218\u5f79<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6ce2\u5170\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65f6\u523b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6559\u5b97\u82e5\u671b\u4fdd\u7984\u4e8c\u4e16\uff081920\u20132005\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5361\u7f57\u5c14\u00b7\u6c83\u4f0a\u8482\u74e6\u4e8e1978\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f13\u89e3\u51b7\u6218\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u632f\u4e86\u6ce2\u5170\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u6570\u5341\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u6ce2\u5170\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u83b1\u8d6b\u00b7\u74e6\u4f26\u8428\uff08\u751f\u4e8e1943\u5e74\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u74e6\u6587\u8428\u539f\u672c\u662f\u9020\u8239\u5382\u7684\u7535\u5de5\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1983\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u5e73\u5956\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u6ce2\u5170\u603b\u7edf\uff081990-1995\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6bd5\u82cf\u65af\u57fa\uff081867-1935\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u6218\u95f4\u671f\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u7b56\u5212\u4e861920\u5e74\u534e\u6c99\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65af\u5766\u5c3c\u65af\u74e6\u592b\u00b7\u6c83\u4f0a\u5207\u970d\u592b\u65af\u57fa (1869\u20131953)\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6ce2\u5170\u603b\u7edf\uff081922-1926 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u57fa (Casimir Pulaski) \u548c\u5854\u5fb7\u4e4c\u4ec0\u00b7\u79d1\u5e0c\u4e18\u4ec0\u79d1 (Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko)\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6ce2\u5170\u88d4\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f57\u7a46\u963f\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u52b3\u53e4\u7279\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u76841863\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c11\u65cf\u70c8\u58eb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 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has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\u6b27\u6d32\u91ce\u725b\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\u91ce\u725b\uff09\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u56fd\u517d\u3002\u5b83\u4f53\u578b\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u6bdb\u53d1\u6d53\u5bc6\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u6ce2\u5170\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u5c48\u4e0d\u6320\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p><cite>\u81ea\u7136\u4e8b\u5b9e<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u6ce2\u5170\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5353\u8d8a\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5907\u53d7\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u63a5\u53d7\u516c\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u4ece\u5c0f\u5b66\u5230\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u514b\u62c9\u79d1\u592b\u96c5\u76d6\u9686\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1364\u5e74\uff09\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5176\u5efa\u7b51\u7fa4\u2014\u2014\u514b\u62c9\u79d1\u592b\u5927\u5b66\u9662\uff08Collegium Maius\uff09\u2014\u2014\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7470\u5b9d\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u8bbe\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u90fd\u6e34\u671b\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1100%\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u6392\u540d\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u6b63\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f17\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u5916\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\u6ce2\u5170\u897f\u90e8\u5c0f\u9547\u5e0c\u7ef4\u535a\u6d25\u77d7\u7acb\u7740\u4e00\u5ea733\u7c73\u9ad8\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u541b\u738b\u96d5\u50cf\uff08\u914d\u67093\u7c73\u9ad8\u7684\u91d1\u8272\u7687\u51a0\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8fbe52.5\u7c73\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u96d5\u50cf\u4e8e2010\u5e74\u63ed\u5e55\uff0c\u66fe\u77ed\u6682\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5409\u5c3c\u65af\u4e16\u754c\u7eaa\u5f55\u4e2d\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u9ad8\u8036\u7a23\u96d5\u50cf\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002<\/p><cite>\u4f60\u53ef\u77e5\u9053\uff1f<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u4e9b\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u5374\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u5927\u5403\u4e00\u60ca\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5947\u7279\u7684\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7eaa\u5f55\u4e0e\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5821\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u9a6c\u5c14\u5821\u57ce\u5821\u5360\u5730 52 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78 \u5c81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u524d\u6cbf\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5176\u7535\u5f71\u4e1a\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e30\u7855\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u827e\u8fbe<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u51b7\u6218<\/em>&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;<em>\u730e\u9b54\u4eba<\/em>&nbsp;\u7535\u89c6\u5267\uff08\u4eab\u8a89\u56fd\u9645\uff09\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u97f3\u4e50\u6db5\u76d6\u6c11\u8c23\uff08\u5982\u6b22\u5feb\u7684\u2026\u2026\uff09&nbsp;<em>\u534e\u6c99\u4e61\u6751\u4e50\u961f<\/em>&nbsp;\u4ece\u5408\u5531\u56e2\uff09\u5230\u6d41\u884c\u821e\u66f2\uff08\u5982\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\uff09\u548c\u8457\u540d\u53e4\u5178\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\uff08\u8096\u90a6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6bcf\u5341\u5e74\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u94a2\u7434\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\u4eae\u76f8\uff09\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u98ce\u683c\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff1a\u8be5\u56fd\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u7ade\u6280\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\u540d\u5217\u524d\u8305\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684YouTube\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u89e3\u8bf4\u754c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7ea7\u4eba\u7269Gimper\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u4e5f\u4ee5\u70ed\u60c5\u597d\u5ba2\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53bb\u6ce2\u5170\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u70ed\u60c5\u6b3e\u5f85\uff0c\u54c1\u5c1d\u5230\u81ea\u5236\u7684\u679c\u6c41\u996e\u6599\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u751c\u7684\u7096\u6c34\u679c\u996e\u6599\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u4e00\u8d77\u4e3e\u676f\u5e86\u795d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bf4\u2026\u2026&nbsp;<em>\u65e9\u4e0a\u597d<\/em>&nbsp;\uff08\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u672c\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u5b66\u751f\u514d\u8d39\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5b9e\u5c5e\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u653b\u8bfb\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p><cite>\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u9057\u4ea7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u30021791\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u6539\u9769\u8005\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a1791\u5e745\u67083\u65e5\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u8be5\u5baa\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u5206\u7acb\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u5baa\u6cd5\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u74dc\u5206\u6ce2\u5170\u524d\u4ec5\u5b58\u7eed\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u6ce2\u5170\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u5176\u7b7e\u7f72\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u6c11\u4e8e1997\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u603b\u7edf\u3001\u603b\u7406\u548c\u4e24\u9662\u5236\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u548c\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\uff09\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u81ea1989\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5316\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5e73\u4ea4\u63a5\u3001\u591a\u515a\u9009\u4e3e\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4fdd\u969c\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5176\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65c5\u884c\u8d34\u58eb\uff1a\u4f53\u9a8c\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u5947\u89c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5fc5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u514b\u62c9\u79d1\u592b\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7470\u5b9d\u3002\u63a2\u7d22\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u4e3b\u5e7f\u573a\u3001\u5723\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u5927\u6559\u5802\uff08\u8046\u542c\u90a3\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u53f7\u89d2\u58f0\uff09\u548c\u54e5\u7279\u5f0f\u7684\u74e6\u7ef4\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u3002\u6f2b\u6b65\u4e8e\u5361\u9f50\u7c73\u65e5\u72b9\u592a\u533a\u7684\u72ed\u7a84\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u6216\u524d\u5f80\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u7ef4\u5229\u5947\u5361\u76d0\u77ff\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u534e\u6c99\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5802\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u6f2b\u6b65\u4e8e\u7687\u5bb6\u74e6\u6d25\u57fa\u516c\u56ed\uff08\u516c\u56ed\u5185\u6709\u8096\u90a6\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c2\u89c2\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u8001\u57ce\u96c6\u5e02\u5e7f\u573a\u3002\u00a0<em>\u6ce2\u5170\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/em>\u00a0\u5728\u539f\u534e\u6c99\u72b9\u592a\u533a\u9057\u5740\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7740\u6ce2\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u534e\u6c99\u5219\u4ee5\u5176\u4f17\u591a\u9910\u5385\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u753b\u5eca\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8273\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f17\u7f57\u8328\u74e6\u592b\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5f17\u7f57\u8328\u74e6\u592b\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5750\u843d\u5728\u5965\u5f97\u6cb3\u7554\uff0c\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u5c9b\u5c7f\u548c\u6865\u6881\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8272\u5f69\u7f24\u7eb7\u7684\u96c6\u5e02\u5e7f\u573a\u548c\u56fe\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5c9b\uff08\u5927\u6559\u5802\u5c9b\uff09\u4ee4\u4eba\u9676\u9189\u3002\u5f17\u7f57\u8328\u74e6\u592b\u8fd8\u4ee5\u5176\u5c0f\u77ee\u4eba\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u2014\u2014300\u591a\u5c0a\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u9752\u94dc\u96d5\u50cf\uff0c\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5947\u7279\u7684\u5bfb\u5b9d\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u683c\u4f46\u65af\u514b\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u6cbf\u5cb8\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u957f\u8857\u548c\u6d77\u795e\u55b7\u6cc9\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u6c49\u8428\u540c\u76df\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff520\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u800c\u5efa\u3002\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6d77\u6ee8\u5ea6\u5047\u80dc\u5730\u7d22\u6ce2\u7279\u548c\u6cbf\u6d77\u68ee\u6797\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u91cc\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u6c99\u4e18\uff09\u662f\u4eb2\u8fd1\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u597d\u53bb\u5904\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u624e\u79d1\u5e15\u5185\u548c\u5854\u7279\u62c9\u5c71\u8109\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u51ac\u5b63\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u90fd\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f92\u6b65\u6e38\u89c8\u5854\u7279\u62c9\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e58\u5750\u7f06\u8f66\u767b\u4e0a\u5361\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7ef4\u5cf0\u3002\u51ac\u5b63\uff0c\u6ed1\u96ea\u573a\u548c\u7bdd\u706b\u5728\u661f\u7a7a\u4e0b\u7684\u5c71\u5ce6\u95f4\u7a7f\u68ad\u3002\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u9519\u8fc7\u73af\u7ed5\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5965\u79d1\u6e56\u7684\u5f92\u6b65\u65c5\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6c83\u7ef4\u8036\u624e\u68ee\u6797\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e00\u756a\u91ce\u5916\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6c89\u6d78\u5f0f\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u5bfc\u89c8\u5f92\u6b65\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u91ce\u5916\u9082\u9005\u6b27\u6d32\u91ce\u725b\u7fa4\u3002\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u4eff\u4f5b\u5e26\u60a8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9a6c\u7956\u91cc\u6e56\u533a\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5212\u8239\u548c\u76ae\u5212\u8247\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de1\u6e38\u4e8e2000\u591a\u4e2a\u6e56\u6cca\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u9014\u7ecf\u8305\u8349\u5c4b\u9876\u7684\u53e4\u6734\u6751\u5e84\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6e56\u6cca\u2014\u2014\u5e0c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5c14\u5fb7\u7ef4\u6e56\uff08\u015aniardwy\uff09\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5e06\u8239\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7edd\u4f73\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6258\u4f26\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u9e45\u5375\u77f3\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5f25\u6f2b\u7740\u59dc\u997c\u7684\u9999\u6c14\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u53e4\u57ce\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u4eb2\u624b\u5236\u4f5c\u4f20\u7edf\u59dc\u997c\u3002\u00a0<em>\u59dc\u997c<\/em>\u00a0\uff08\u59dc\u997c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5361\u5c14\u74e6\u91cc\u4e9a\u00b7\u6cfd\u5e03\u65e5\u591a\u592b\u65af\u5361\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u671d\u5723\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u5c71\u5761\u4e0a\u5efa\u6709\u5c0f\u6559\u5802\uff1b\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u671d\u5723\u8005\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u82e6\u8def\u6e38\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ef4\u5229\u5947\u5361\u76d0\u77ff\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u53c2\u52a0\u5730\u4e0b\u5bfc\u89c8\u6e38\uff0c\u53c2\u89c2\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u76d0\u96d5\u523b\u800c\u6210\u7684\u5723\u91d1\u52a0\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u5185\u7684\u540a\u706f\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u76d0\u6676\u4f53\u5236\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u7470\u5b9d\u5305\u62ec\u5361\u9f50\u7c73\u65e5\u00b7\u591a\u5c14\u5c3c\u8981\u585e\u5c0f\u9547\uff08\u7ef4\u65af\u74e6\u6cb3\u666f\u8272\u548c\u827a\u672f\u533a\uff09\u3001\u5965\u5c14\u4ec0\u4e01\u57ce\u5821\u9057\u5740\uff0c\u6216\u7f57\u5179\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u76ae\u5965\u7279\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u65af\u5361\u8857\u548c\u7f57\u5179\u7535\u5f71\u5b66\u9662\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6e38\u5ba2\u6587\u5316\u793c\u4eea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u5f6c\u5f6c\u6709\u793c\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u5bf9\u5176\u4e60\u4fd7\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u5b9e\u7528\u8d34\u58eb\uff1a<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u95ee\u5019\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u7537\u58eb\u63e1\u624b\u6709\u529b\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u773c\u795e\u4ea4\u6d41\u5373\u53ef\uff1b\u5973\u58eb\u53ef\u4ee5\u70b9\u5934\u6216\u8f7b\u67d4\u5730\u63e1\u624b\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u5546\u5e97\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bf4\u2026\u2026&nbsp;<em>\u65e9\u4e0a\u597d<\/em>&nbsp;\uff08\u201c\u795d\u60a8\u4eca\u5929\u6109\u5feb\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bf4\u518d\u89c1\uff08&nbsp;<em>\u518d\u89c1<\/em>&nbsp;\u79bb\u5f00\u65f6\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u88d9\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u7a7f\u7740\u5f97\u4f53\u3002\u53bb\u6559\u5802\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u906e\u4f4f\u80a9\u8180\uff08\u7537\u58eb\u5e94\u6458\u6389\u5e3d\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7a7f\u77ed\u88e4\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u7528\u9910\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;If invited to a home, bring a small gift (flowers or chocolates). Note: give&nbsp;an odd number of flowers&nbsp;(even is reserved for funerals). Take off shoes if asked. Toasts are common; wait for the host to propose a toast and maintain eye contact when drinking.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u5c0f\u8d39:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u559c\u6b22\u6536\u523010%\u7684\u5c0f\u8d39\u3002\u5982\u679c\u62ff\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u5c31\u51d1\u6574\u5230\u8d26\u5355\u7684\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u5bf9\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u77dc\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u719f\u6089\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u70ed\u60c5\u5065\u8c08\u3002\u9664\u975e\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u4e3b\u52a8\u548c\u5e74\u957f\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u8c08\u8d77\u4e8c\u6218\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5bf9\u6ce2\u5170\u88ab\u74dc\u5206\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53cd\u5e94\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u52a1\u5fc5\u8c28\u614e\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u5b89\u5168\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u6ce2\u5170\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u5f88\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u548c\u6240\u6709\u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8981\u63d0\u9632\u6252\u624b\u3002\u665a\u4e0a\u51fa\u884c\u8981\u591a\u52a0\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u5f88\u666e\u53ca\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b66\u51e0\u53e5\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\uff08prosz\u0119\u3001dzi\u0119kuj\u0119\u3001przepraszam\uff09\u603b\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u4f1a\u5fc3\u4e00\u7b11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5173\u4e8e\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ce2\u5170\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u6d88\u5931\u4e86123\u5e74\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u7b54\uff1a18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u90bb\u56fd\uff08\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u548c\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff09\u5206\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u74dc\u5206\u4e86\u5176\u9886\u571f\uff081772\u5e74\u30011793\u5e74\u30011795\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u52301795\u5e74\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u5316\u548c\u8d77\u4e49\u6765\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u76f4\u52301918\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u4ee5\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u8054\u90a6\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u7b54\uff1a\u4ece1569\u5e74\u52301795\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u6ce2\u5170\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5143\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e45\u5458\u8fbd\u9614\u3001\u5730\u52bf\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ece\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u9ed1\u6d77\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u56fd\u738b\u7531\u8d35\u65cf\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08\u745f\u59c6\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u572816\u81f317\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u547d\u540d\u65e5\uff1f<\/strong><br>A\uff1a\u547d\u540d\u65e5\uff08<em>\u547d\u540d\u65e5<\/em>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u5b57\u4e0e\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u77bb\u793c\u65e5\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u6216\u7c73\u8fe6\u52d2\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5386\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff08\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u4eba\u547d\u540d\uff09\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u5e86\u795d\u547d\u540d\u65e5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5e86\u795d\u751f\u65e5\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u2014\u2014\u805a\u4f1a\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u548c\u4e92\u8d60\u793c\u7269\u3002\u8001\u4e00\u8f88\u4eba\u5c24\u5176\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u547d\u540d\u65e5\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u5171\u8fdb\u665a\u9910\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u7b54\uff1a\u6ce2\u5170\u4e8e\u516c\u5143966\u5e74\u7688\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u4e0e\u897f\u6b27\u63a5\u8f68\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u6ce2\u5170\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u957f\u8fbe\u6570\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5f53\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u6784\u906d\u5230\u538b\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7ea687%\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u8282\u65e5\uff08\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u3001\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u3001\u4e07\u5723\u8282\uff09\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5316\u76db\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u53bb\u6ce2\u5170\u65c5\u6e38\u5b89\u5168\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u7b54\uff1a\u662f\u7684\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u6765\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e50\u4e8e\u52a9\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u591a\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u57ce\u5e02\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6252\u7a83\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u6216\u706b\u8f66\u4e0a\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u9053\u8def\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u4e5f\u5f88\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u7d27\u6025\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u9760\uff08\u62e8\u6253112\uff09\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u5b89\u5168\u6c34\u5e73\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u7ef4\u5229\u5947\u5361\u76d0\u77ff\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u4e4b\u5904\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u7b54\uff1a\u7ef4\u5229\u5947\u5361\u76d0\u77ff\uff08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u514b\u62c9\u79d1\u592b\u9644\u8fd1\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u76d0\u96d5\u7422\u800c\u6210\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u904d\u5e03\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u901a\u9053\u548c\u6559\u5802\u3002\u91c7\u77ff\u59cb\u4e8e13\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u4e86700\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u6e38\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6f2b\u6b65\u4e8e\u96a7\u9053\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b23\u8d4f\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u76d0\u96d5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u2014\u2014\u6559\u5802\u91cc\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u7528\u76d0\u5236\u6210\u7684\u540a\u706f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u91c7\u77ff\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b-\u6bd4\u514b\u7459\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u7b54\uff1a\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b-\u6bd4\u514b\u7459\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u548c\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u3002\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u9047\u96be\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u5ea7\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u3002\u6e38\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c2\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8425\u623f\u3001\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u548c\u711a\u5c38\u7089\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee4\u4eba\u8083\u7136\u8d77\u656c\uff0c\u65f6\u523b\u63d0\u9192\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u60e8\u75db\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u771f\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u7b54\uff1a\u662f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u516c\u200b\u200b\u6c11\u548c\u6b27\u76df\/\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u533a\u516c\u6c11\u514d\u4ea4\u5b66\u8d39\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u9662\u6821\u53ef\u80fd\u6536\u53d6\u8003\u8bd5\u8d39\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u5b66\u8d39\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\uff09\u3002\u975e\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u6216\u79c1\u7acb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5219\u9700\u7f34\u7eb3\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u9700\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u884c\u653f\u8d39\u7528\u6216\u5bbf\u820d\u8d39\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u6ce2\u5170\u5b66\u751f\u80fd\u591f\u65e0\u503a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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