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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karachay earned a grim reputation. As early as 1990, U.S. nuclear watchdogs called it \u201cthe most polluted place on Earth\u201d. The lake\u2019s sediment contained massive deposits of long-lived radionuclides (notably cesium-137 and strontium-90) from nuclear fuel reprocessing. Government reports and retrospective studies made staggering claims: by the late 1960s, 100% of Karachay\u2019s volume had absorbed about 120 million curies (4.44\u00d710^18 Bq) of radioactivity. For comparison, the 1986 Chernobyl reactor accident released roughly 2.5\u00d710^7 curies (85 petabecquerels) of Cs-137&nbsp;\u2013 an order of magnitude less. Critics noted that at Karachay\u2019s peak the shoreline dose rate was about 600 R\u00f6ntgen per hour, \u201csufficient to kill a person in an hour\u201d. (600 R\/h is roughly 6 sieverts\/hour \u2013 a dose that causes acute radiation syndrome and death in under an hour.) 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PBq\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u8fdc\u8d85\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u5730\u533a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u73af\u5883\u707e\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1967-1968 \u5e74\u707e\u96be<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e72\u65f1\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6c89\u79ef\u7269<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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<em>\u989d\u5916<\/em> \u5bf9\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u603b\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u8f90\u5c04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u957f\u671f\u5065\u5eb7\u540e\u679c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u53d7\u8f90\u5c04\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u201c\u6377\u6070\u6cb3\u961f\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u4e0b\u6e38\u768428000\u540d\u6751\u6c11\uff09\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0e\u672a\u53d7\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53d7\u8f90\u5c04\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u7624\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u767d\u8840\u75c5\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u663e\u8457\u5347\u9ad8\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u4ec0\u5229\u4e9a\u514b\u7279\uff08Alexander Shlyakter\uff0cNRDC\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5de5\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u5de5\u5382\u63a5\u53d7\u8d85\u8fc7100\u96f7\u59c6\uff08&gt;1\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\uff09\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u764c\u75c7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e3a8.1%\uff0c\u800c\u4f4e\u5242\u91cf\u8f90\u5c04\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e3a4.3%\u3002\u5728\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u6162\u6027\u653e\u5c04\u75c5\uff08\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u6162\u6027\u8f90\u5c04\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u591a\u5668\u5b98\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\uff09\u3001\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u75be\u75c5\uff08\u7531\u725b\u5976\u4e2d\u7684\u7898-131\u5f15\u8d77\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8f90\u5c04\u76f8\u5173\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u533b\u751f\u7c73\u62c9\u00b7M\u00b7\u79d1\u68ee\u79d1\uff08Mira M. Kosenko\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u6cbb\u7597\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5965\u7126\u5c14\u65af\u514b\u7684\u6570\u5343\u540d\u201c\u8f90\u5c04\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u9ad8\u53d1\u7684\u767d\u8840\u75c5\u548c\u51fa\u751f\u7f3a\u9677\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u81f360\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u66b4\u9732\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7ec8\u751f\u60a3\u764c\u98ce\u9669\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u201c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5df2\u77e5\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\u3001\u6162\u6027\u66b4\u9732\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u5c31\u80fd\u8981\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u547d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e86\u89e3\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7387<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f90\u5c04\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u79bb\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u7834\u574f\u5316\u5b66\u952e\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662fDNA\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u952e\uff09\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4f53\u3002\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279 (Sv) \u662f\u5242\u91cf\u5f53\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u751f\u7269\u6548\u5e94\uff081 Sv \u7684\u5242\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u75c5\uff09\u3002\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4f26\u7434 (R) \u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7ea6\u4e3a 0.0093 Gy\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f3d\u9a6c\u5c04\u7ebf\/X\u5c04\u7ebf\uff0c1 R \u4f1a\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6c89\u79ef\u7ea6 0.009 Gy\uff089 \u6beb\u6208\u745e\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u7ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e 0.009 Sv\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e X \u5c04\u7ebf \u03b3\uff0c1 Gy \u2248 1 Sv\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c600 R\/h \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6c89\u79ef\u7ea6 600 \u00d7 0.009 = 5.4 Sv\/h\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7d2f\u79ef\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u5242\u91cf\uff08\u7ea6 6-7 Sv\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6025\u6027\u63a5\u53d7 4 Sv \u7684\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u533b\u7597\u6551\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6740\u6b7b\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u53d7\u7167\u8005\u3002\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6600\u4f26\u7434\/\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u573a\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6ca1\u6709\u9632\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u6e56\u5cb8\u8fb9\u7ad9\u7acb1\u5c0f\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u81f4\u547d\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">600\u4f26\u7434\/\u5c0f\u65f6\u6d4b\u91cf\u539f\u7406\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c600 R\/h\u201d\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u81ea1960\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08NRDC\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u88abWISE\u6587\u732e\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u6e56\u6cca\u6392\u653e\u53e3\uff08\u4fee\u590d\u524d\uff09\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u91cf\u3002600 R\/h\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f66\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f90\u5c04\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba10\u5206\u949f\u5185\u5c31\u80fd\u7d2f\u79ef1\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u2014\u2014\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u6025\u6027\u6076\u5fc3\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u8f90\u5c04\u75c5\u3002\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a6\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u60a3\u8005\u7acb\u5373\u63a5\u53d7\u91cd\u75c7\u76d1\u62a4\uff08\u800c\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u7981\u533a\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u79cd\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u3002\uff08\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u666e\u901a\u7684\u80f8\u90e8X\u5149\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a0.0001\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7387\u5e76\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u70ed\u70b9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7600 R\/h\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u6e29\u6c99\u6d32\uff0c\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u9ad8\u8fbe700 R\/h\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8f90\u5c04\u5982\u4f55\u635f\u5bb3\u4eba\u4f53<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u9ad8\u5242\u91cf\u8f90\u5c04\uff08\u8d85\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5668\u5b98\u7acb\u5373\u8870\u7aed\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u8840\u7ec6\u80de\u5e76\u635f\u4f24\u80a0\u9053\u5185\u58c1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u7ea6 6-10 \u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u51e0\u5929\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u5455\u5410\u3001\u8131\u53d1\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u8f83\u4f4e\u5242\u91cf\uff081-4 \u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\uff09\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u8f90\u5c04\u75c5\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u7ec8\u751f\u60a3\u764c\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u957f\u671f\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7b49\u5242\u91cf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9644\u8fd1\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u767d\u5185\u969c\u3001\u4e0d\u5b55\u3001\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u764c\u75c7\u3002\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5185\u8d85\u8fc7\u7ea6 100 \u6208\u745e\/\u5343\u514b\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6740\u6b7b\u7ec6\u80de\uff1b\u6309\u7167\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u5728\u5927\u7ea6 16 \u5206\u949f\u5185\u5373\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 100 \u6208\u745e\uff08\u7ea6 10,000 \u4f26\u7434\uff09\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6ca1\u6709\u9632\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6e56\u5e8a\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u90fd\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6025\u6027\u653e\u5c04\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\uff1a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672a\u7ecf\u9632\u62a4\u8fdb\u5165\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u7981\u533a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u60a3\u4e0a\u6025\u6027\u653e\u5c04\u75c5\uff08ARS\uff09\u3002\u5242\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u7ea63\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\u65f6\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u75c7\u72b6\uff08\u6076\u5fc3\u3001\u5455\u5410\uff09\u4f1a\u5728\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5242\u91cf\u8fbe\u52306\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u51e0\u5468\u5185\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6600\u4f26\u7434\uff08\u7ea66\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\uff09\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6025\u6027\u653e\u5c04\u75c5\uff1a\u9aa8\u9ad3\u7834\u574f\u3001\u8131\u53d1\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\uff08\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5728\u5e72\u65f1\u7684\u590f\u5b63\uff0c\u6e56\u6cca\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u91ce\u72d7\u548c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u786e\u5b9e\u6b7b\u4e8e\u8f90\u5c04\u75c5\u3002\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6e56\u8fb9\u505c\u7559\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e9a\u6025\u6027\u8f90\u5c04\u75c5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5371\u9669\u662f\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u6e56\u6cca\u5e72\u6db8\u65f6\u603b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdc\u7a0b\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8b66\u536b\u963b\u6b62\u4eba\u4eec\u9760\u8fd1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7387\u662f\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u81f4\u6b7b\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7279\u67e5\u6cb3\u6c61\u67d3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">96+ PBq \u503e\u5012\u81f3\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff081949\u20131956 \u5e74\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5e76\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4ece1949\u5e74\u52301956\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u6838\u8bbe\u65bd\u6301\u7eed\u5411\u6377\u6070\u6cb3\u76f4\u63a5\u6392\u653e\u9ad8\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5e9f\u7269\u3002\u636e\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6\u67099600\u4e07\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6db2\u4f53\uff08\u7ea6115 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0b\u6e38\u6751\u5e84\u6c61\u67d3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6cb3\u6ee8\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u6301\u7eed\u5065\u5eb7\u7814\u7a76<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u59cb\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u7279\u6070\u6cb3\u961f\u5217\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u7ea628000\u540d\u6751\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u5b69\u63d0\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u6210\u5e74\u90fd\u66fe\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u8be5\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\u2026\u2026 <em>\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49<\/em> 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u6559\u8bad<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8b\u540e\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u4e8e\u6377\u6070\u6cb3\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u6377\u6070\u6cb3\u7684\u707e\u96be\u672c\u5e94\u89e6\u53d1\u7d27\u6025\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff08\u5c01\u9501\u6751\u5e84\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u6392\u653e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5374\u662f\uff1a\u5c06\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5c18\u57c3\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u8425\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u6377\u6070\u6cb3\u53d8\u6210\u7d2b\u8272\u4e14\u81f4\u547d\u65f6\uff0c\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5c06\u5e9f\u7269\u8fd0\u5f80\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u754c\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\u540e\u6765\u5c06\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u50a8\u5b58\u8d2b\u56f0\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u98ce\u9669\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u65e0\u529b\u81ea\u536b\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5e9f\u7269\u5904\u7406\u653f\u7b56\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u5730\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u4ee5\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56 vs. \u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6bd4\u8f83\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u603b\u653e\u5c04\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c06\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0e 1986 \u5e74\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u6838\u707e\u96be\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u603b\u6d3b\u52a8\u91cf<\/strong>\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7ea64.44 EBq\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6838\u7d20\u3002\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u5411\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u6392\u653e\u4e86\u7ea65-12 EBq\u7684\u77ed\u5bff\u547d\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u7ea60.085 EBq\uff0885 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6d53\u7f29\u4e0e\u5206\u6563\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff081978\u20132016 \u5e74\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u780c\u5757\uff081978\u20131986 \u5e74\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5f53\u5c40\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u4ece1978\u5e74\u52301986\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u7a7a\u5fc3\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5757\u548c\u783e\u77f3\u586b\u6ee1\u4e86\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5927\u7ea61\u4e07\u5757\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5757\uff08\u6bcf\u5757\u91cd\u8fbe\u6570\u767e\u516c\u65a4\uff09\u6295\u5165\u6e56\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6e56\u6c34\u4f53\u79ef\u5e76\u56fa\u5b9a\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea62\u7c73\u6df1\u7684\u52a0\u56fa\u57fa\u5e95\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5176\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff0c\u6c89\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u7f13\u4fb5\u8680\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6765\u56fa\u5b9a\u6c34\u4e0b\u7684\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u9ecf\u571f\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u6c34\u88ab\u62bd\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5757\u4e0a\u65b9\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce5\u6cde\u7684\u76c6\u5730\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u8c03\u67e5\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5757\u7684\u586b\u57cb\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u51cf\u5c11<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e56\u6cca\u90e8\u5206\u84c4\u6ee1\u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u7f29\u5c0f\u5176\u6c34\u5e73\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fee\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u5824\u575d\uff0c\u5e76\u6392\u5e72\u8f83\u6d45\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u9762\u79ef\u5df2\u7f29\u51cf\u81f3\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u96f6\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u622a\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5751\u5185\u6b8b\u7559\u4e86\u7ea685,000\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u7684\u6e7f\u6da6\u6c61\u67d3\u6c61\u6ce5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5728\u6c61\u67d3\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u533a\u57df\u94fa\u8bbe\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u5398\u7c73\u539a\u7684\u6c99\u571f\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8986\u76d6\u5c42\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u8f90\u5c04\u548c\u4fb5\u8680\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd8\u6316\u6398\u4e86\u6c9f\u6e20\u6765\u62e6\u622a\u5f84\u6d41\u3002\u52302000\u5e74\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u7684\u6e56\u6cca\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7247\u6ce5\u6cde\u7684\u5e73\u5766\u5e9f\u6599\u573a\uff0c\u5c06\u88ab\u6c38\u4e45\u5c01\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5168\u9762\u586b\u5145\uff082015\u5e7411\u6708\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final phase came under a modern federal program (2008\u20132015) to eliminate \u201cradon sources\u201d at Mayak. By 2015 the plan was to fully backfill the basin and cap it. In the months before closure, Rosatom reports indicate 650 m\u00b3 of special concrete was injected into the lake\u2019s bottom through 38 boreholes. Then heavy equipment dumped thick layers of rock and concrete across the bed. According to the Nuclear Safety Institute (IBRAE), by late 2015 the entire former lakebed was covered with a reinforced layer of stone and concrete. On November 2, 2015, Russia announced that Karachay had been \u201csealed off\u201d&nbsp;\u2013 meaning the waste was now physically isolated from the atmosphere. In effect, the polluted mud was buried under several meters of inert fill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6700\u7ec8\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff082016\u5e7412\u6708\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4eca\u65e5\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201c\u8fd1\u5730\u8868\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u5e72\u5f0f\u6838\u5e9f\u6599\u50a8\u5b58\u8bbe\u65bd\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u65b9\u9762<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u8981\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/strong><\/td><td>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6838\u5e9f\u6599\u5904\u7f6e\u6e56\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u7ea6 4.44 EBq \u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6c61\u67d3\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u91cd\u5927\u6c61\u67d3\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/td><td>1957\u5e74\u514b\u4ec0\u7279\u59c6\u6cb9\u7f50\u7206\u70b8\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u7ea6800 PBq\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u8303\u56f4\u7ea61000\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u6c61\u67d3\u30021968\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u5e72\u65f1\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ea6185 PBq\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5c18\u57c3\u4ece\u6e56\u6cca\u6269\u6563\u5230\u9644\u8fd1\u6751\u5e84\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u8f90\u5c04\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u81f4\u6b7b\u7387<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5242\u91cf\u7387\u5cf0\u503c\u7ea6\u4e3a 600 R\/h\uff08\u22486 Sv\/h\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u66b4\u9732\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u81f4\u547d\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/td><td>\u6570\u5343\u540d\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u5de5\u4eba\u53ca\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u66fe\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u8f90\u5c04\u4e2d\u3002\u957f\u671f\u961f\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u764c\u75c7\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u663e\u8457\u5347\u9ad8\u4e0e\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u4e0e\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6838\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u603b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u542b\u91cf\u4e0e\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u6838\u4e8b\u6545\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u96c6\u4e2d\u533a\u57df\u5374\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e0e\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6838\u4e8b\u6545\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u88ab\u516c\u5f00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8d77\u4e8b\u6545\u90fd\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6838\u5e9f\u6599\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u53ca\u73b0\u72b6<\/strong><\/td><td>1978\u5e74\u81f32016\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u6e56\u6cca\u88ab\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u548c\u571f\u58e4\u63a9\u57cb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6cc4\u6f0f\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u76d1\u6d4b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u957f\u671f\u5c01\u5835\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u95ee\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong> 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u6e56\u6cca\uff1f<\/strong> \u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\uff0c\u5728\u6e56\u5cb8\u8fb9\u7ad9\u7acb\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u81f4\u547d\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u3002\u76d1\u6d4b\u4eea\u66fe\u6d4b\u5f97\u6e56\u8fb9\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6600\u4f26\u7434\uff08\u7ea6\u5408\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f66\u5e0c\u6c83\u7279\uff09\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u81f4\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6e56\u5e95\u6de4\u6ce5\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f3a\u800c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u6e56\u5f97\u540d\u201c\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u4f4d\u4e8e\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<\/strong> \u7b54\uff1a\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8f66\u91cc\u96c5\u5bbe\u65af\u514b\u5dde\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4ee5\u4e1c\u7ea61200\u516c\u91cc\u5904\u3002\u786e\u5207\u5750\u6807\u7ea6\u4e3a\u5317\u7eac55.67\u00b0\uff0c\u4e1c\u7ecf60.80\u00b0\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u5c01\u95ed\u57ce\u5e02\u5965\u7126\u5c14\u65af\u514b\uff08\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5361\u62c9\u535a\u5c14\u5361\u548c\u5f7c\u5c14\u7c73\u4e9a\u514b\u6751\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u5de5\u5382\uff08\u539f\u8f66\u91cc\u96c5\u5bbe\u65af\u514b-40\u5de5\u5382\uff09\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u57df\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6709\u591a\u5f3a\uff1f<\/strong> \u7b54\uff1a\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u6e56\u5e95\u5df2\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u7ea61.2\u4ebf\u5c45\u91cc\uff084.44\u00d710^18 Bq\uff09\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6838\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u94ef-137\u548c\u9536-90\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c1986\u5e74\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u4e8b\u6545\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u7ea685 PBq\u7684\u94ef-137\uff1b\u4ec5\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u5c31\u542b\u6709\u7ea63600 PBq\u7684\u94ef-137\u3002\u6e56\u9762\u5242\u91cf\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe\u7ea6600\u4f26\u7434\/\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u4e0e\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u76f8\u6bd4\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/strong> A\uff1a\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684 <em>\u5168\u90e8\u7684<\/em> \u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u91cf\uff08\u7ea64.44 EBq\uff09\u4e0e\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\uff085-12 EBq\uff09\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6c61\u67d3\u6d53\u5ea6\u8981\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u94ef-137\u542b\u91cf\u662f\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u94ef-137\u6c89\u79ef\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u5341\u500d\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u4e8b\u6545\u9020\u6210\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u6269\u6563\u8303\u56f4\u8981\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\uff081968\u5e74\u4e0b\u98ce\u5411\u7ea650\u4e07\u4eba\uff09\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u800c\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u4e8b\u6545\u8feb\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u9644\u8fd1\u7ea630\u4e07\u4eba\u64a4\u79bb\u3002\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u4e8b\u6545\u57281986\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u65b0\u95fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u800c\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u4e8b\u6545\u5374\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u79d8\u800c\u4e0d\u5ba3\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u7406\u6269\u6563\u8303\u56f4\u5374\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a1957 \u5e74\u514b\u4ec0\u7279\u59c6\u707e\u96be\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong> \u7b54\uff1a1957\u5e749\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u50a8\u7f50\u53d1\u751f\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u7206\u70b8\u5a01\u529b\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7ea6100\u5428TNT\u3002\u4e8b\u6545\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u7ea6800 PBq\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u94ef-137\u548c\u9536-90\uff09\u5230\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d90%\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u843d\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u6c61\u67d3\u4e86\u6377\u6070\u6cb3\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u8fb9\u571f\u5730\uff1b\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7fbd\u6d41\uff08\u4e1c\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0cEURT\uff09\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u516c\u91cc\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6c61\u67d3\u4e86\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u6377\u6070\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7ea627\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u56e0\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u66b4\u9732\uff1f<\/strong> 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u53bb\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u5b89\u5168\u5417\uff1f<\/strong> \u7b54\uff1a\u4e0d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7edd\u5bf9\u7981\u6b62\u5165\u5185\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u90fd\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u3002\u6e56\u5e8a\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9f\u6599\u5806\uff09\u5df2\u88ab\u5c01\u9501\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u9700\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u7279\u522b\u8bb8\u53ef\uff08\u6e38\u5ba2\u548c\u8bb0\u8005\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5f97\u5165\u5185\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u56f4\u680f\u5916\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u6c34\u5e73\u4ecd\u7136\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u672c\u5e95\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7981\u6b62\u6e38\u5ba2\u8fdb\u5165\uff1b\u73b0\u573a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u5728\u6b66\u88c5\u8b66\u536b\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong> \u7b54\uff1a\u4e00\u9879\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u5de5\u4f5c\u59cb\u4e8e1978\u5e74\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5fc3\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5757\u586b\u6ee1\u6e56\u6cca\u5e76\u62bd\u5e72\u6e56\u6c34\u30022008\u5e74\u81f32015\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u8054\u90a6\u8ba1\u5212\u5411\u6e56\u5e95\u6d47\u7b51\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5ca9\u77f3\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u548c\u788e\u5c51\u5b8c\u5168\u56de\u586b\u76c6\u5730\u3002\u52302016\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u8be5\u573a\u5730\u88ab\u7c98\u571f\u548c\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5c42\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u516c\u53f8\uff08Rosatom\uff09\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u63a9\u57cb\u7684\u5e9f\u7269\u5df2\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u5bc6\u5c01\u540e\u8f90\u5c04\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6e17\u6f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8986\u76d6\u5c42\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u54cd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong> \u7b54\uff1a\u5bf9\u53d7\u8f90\u5c04\u4eba\u7fa4\uff08\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u6377\u6070\u6cb3\u6cbf\u5cb8\u6751\u6c11\uff09\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5065\u5eb7\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u764c\u75c7\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u6709\u6240\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d7\u8f90\u5c04\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6377\u6070\u6cb3\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4f53\u7624\u548c\u767d\u8840\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u5de5\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\u949a\u5242\u91cf\u4e0e\u80ba\u764c\u3001\u809d\u764c\u548c\u9aa8\u764c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u786e\u8bca\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u4f8b\u6162\u6027\u653e\u5c04\u75c5\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u56e0\u65e9\u671f\u996e\u7528\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u725b\u5976\u800c\u60a3\u4e0a\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6cc4\u6f0f\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u663e\u8457\u5347\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u95ee\uff1a\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/strong> \u7b54\uff1a\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u88ab\u5c01\u95ed\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u6838\u5e9f\u6599\u5806\u653e\u573a\u3002\u6c34\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u9694\u7edd\uff0c\u539a\u539a\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\/\u5ca9\u77f3\u5c42\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u539f\u5148\u7684\u6e56\u5e8a\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u516c\u53f8\u79f0\u8be5\u573a\u5730\u4e3a\u201c\u8fd1\u5730\u8868\u6c38\u4e45\u50a8\u5b58\u8bbe\u65bd\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u6838\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5b9e\u65bd\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u6d4b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5730\u8868\u8f90\u5c04\u6c34\u5e73\u5df2\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5728\u5176\u4e0b\u65b9\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u8ba1\u5212\u5bf9\u8be5\u573a\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\uff081945\u20132016\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td>\u65e5\u671f\/\u5e74\u4efd<\/td><td>\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1945\u20131948<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u706f\u5854\u5efa\u9020<\/em> \u2013 \u82cf\u8054\u5728\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u949a\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8be5\u8bbe\u65bd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5f00\u5f0f\u5faa\u73af\u51b7\u5374\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1949\u20131956<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u7279\u67e5\u6cb3\u503e\u5012<\/em> \u7ea69600\u4e07\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u9ad8\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5e9f\u7269\u6392\u653e\u5230\u7279\u6070\u6cb3\u3002\u4e0b\u6e38\u6751\u5e84\u53d7\u5230\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1951\u5e7410\u6708<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5783\u573e\u586b\u57cb\u573a<\/em> \u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u503e\u5012\u9ad8\u6e29\u6838\u5e9f\u6599\uff08\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7279\u6070\uff09\u3002<em>.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1957\u5e74\uff089\u670829\u65e5\uff09<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u514b\u4ec0\u7279\u59c6\u7206\u70b8<\/em> \u2013 \u9a6c\u96c5\u514b\u5730\u4e0b\u5e9f\u6599\u7f50\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u5411\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u7ea6 800 PBq\uff0820 MCi\uff09\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1963\u20131968<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u6e56\u6cca\u5e72\u6db8\/\u626c\u5c18\u91ca\u653e<\/em> \u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u90e8\u5206\u5e72\u6db8\u30021968\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0c\u5927\u98ce\u5c06\u7ea6185 PBq\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6838\u7d20\u4ece\u88f8\u9732\u7684\u6e56\u5e8a\u4e0a\u5439\u8d77\u3002\u8f66\u91cc\u96c5\u5bbe\u65af\u514b\u5dde\u7ea650\u4e07\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u626c\u5c18\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1978\u20131986<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u9996\u6b21\u8865\u6551<\/em> \u2014\u2014\u5411\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u6295\u653e\u4e86\u7ea61\u4e07\u5757\u7a7a\u5fc3\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u3002\u6e56\u6c34\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u62bd\u5e72\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1990\u5e74\u4ee3<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u8f90\u5c04\u8c03\u67e5<\/em> \u73af\u5883\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u76c6\u5730\u5185\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u542b\u91cf\u6781\u9ad8\uff1b\u5cb8\u8fb9\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u7ea6\u4e3a 600 \u4f26\u7434\/\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2008\u20132015<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u8054\u90a6\u6e05\u7406\u8ba1\u5212<\/em> \u2013 \u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u6e56\u5e95\u6ce8\u5165 650 \u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u7279\u79cd\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5ca9\u77f3\u548c\u571f\u58e4\u5b8c\u5168\u56de\u586b\u76c6\u5730\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2015\u5e7411\u6708<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u6e56\u6cca\u5bc6\u5c01<\/em> \u2013 \u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u586b\u6d77\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u6e56\u5e8a\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2016\u5e74\uff0812\u6708\uff09<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u6700\u7ec8\u5c01\u9876<\/em> 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