{"id":910,"date":"2024-08-05T21:29:58","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T21:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=910"},"modified":"2026-02-27T02:34:03","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T02:34:03","slug":"su-ky-dieu-cua-nhung-sa-mac-dep-nhat-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/unusual-places\/the-magic-of-the-most-beautiful-deserts-in-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sa m\u1ea1c chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 (Nam C\u1ef1c, Greenland) \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng, \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u2026 <em>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i lu\u00f4n cao h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a.<\/em>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c: nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Sahara d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u00f3i chang, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t m\u00e0u g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Namib, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 sao H\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a Atacama, bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Taklamakan tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c Dasht-e Kavir ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1i. C\u00f9ng nhau, n\u0103m sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u2013 Sahara (B\u1eafc Phi), Namib (Namibia\/Angola), Atacama (Chile\/Peru), Taklamakan (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), v\u00e0 Dasht-e Kavir (Iran) \u2013 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i sa m\u1ea1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft: \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, sinh th\u00e1i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho du kh\u00e1ch, nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara (B\u1eafc Phi):<\/strong> Sa m\u1ea1c n\u00f3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 8,6\u20139,2 tri\u1ec7u km\u00b2) tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua 11 qu\u1ed1c gia, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn (ergs), cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 (regs) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sa m\u1ea1c Namib (Namibia\/Angola):<\/strong> Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <em>l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t<\/em> Sa m\u1ea1c (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 55\u201380 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i), sa m\u1ea1c s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecf cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Sossusvlei) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o (Deadvlei).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sa m\u1ea1c Atacama (Chile\/Peru):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf Atacama \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c. <em>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/em>C\u1ea3nh quan hoang v\u1eafng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \"Thung l\u0169ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng\" n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sa m\u1ea1c Taklamakan (Trung Qu\u1ed1c, T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng):<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c1, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Uyghur c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \"kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\"), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb Dunhuang \u0111\u1ebfn Kashgar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dasht-e Kavir (Iran):<\/strong> C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sa m\u1ea1c Mu\u1ed1i L\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1i (~77.600 km\u00b2) v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2m mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 theo m\u00f9a tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Iran.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Sahara: Vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc sa m\u1ea1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Sahara-The-Magic-Of-The-Most-Beautiful-Deserts-In-The-World.jpg\" alt=\"Sahara-Ma-Thu\u1eadt-C\u1ee7a-Nh\u1eefng-Sa-M\u1ea1c-\u0110\u1eb9p-Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1ebf-Gi\u1edbi\" title=\"Sahara-Ma-Thu\u1eadt-C\u1ee7a-Nh\u1eefng-Sa-M\u1ea1c-\u0110\u1eb9p-Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1ebf-Gi\u1edbi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \"sa m\u1ea1c\" \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u00f3. Tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 8,6\u20139,2 tri\u1ec7u km\u00b2 \u2013 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2013 n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua 11 qu\u1ed1c gia B\u1eafc Phi t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ma-r\u1ed1c\/T\u00e2y Sahara) \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf (Ai C\u1eadp) \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 (hamada) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ecfi (serir). V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, Sahara c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai (Atlas, Tibesti, Ahaggar), thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng Nile v\u00e0 r\u00eca Sahel \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111en v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2m \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 Quy m\u00f4: Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Sahara<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 8,6 tri\u1ec7u km\u00b2, sa m\u1ea1c Sahara th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <em>n\u00f3ng<\/em> Sa m\u1ea1c (B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Nam C\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c l\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n). \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3, ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi. M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y: t\u1eeb Maroc, Algeria, Tunisia v\u00e0 Libya \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Mali, Niger, Chad v\u00e0 Sudan \u1edf ph\u00eda nam (xem b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i). L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a th\u01b0a th\u1edbt v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sa m\u1ea1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 mm m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00f9ng \"cao nguy\u00ean\" (v\u00f9ng r\u00eca d\u00e3y Atlas, Tibesti) c\u00f3 m\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebft nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. \u1ede c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc, v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Atlas m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 m\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (kho\u1ea3ng 200\u2013300 mm), nh\u01b0ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Erg v\u00e0 Sahara \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u01b0a. <em>g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a<\/em>Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda T\u00e2y (Ma-r\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Mauritania) v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng (Libya\/Ai C\u1eadp), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1eebng du h\u00e0nh qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Sahara, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bao la c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i ta \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn; nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng l\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: NASA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd cho bi\u1ebft con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 9,2 tri\u1ec7u km\u00b2. Ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c n\u1eb1m \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 31\u00b0N (g\u1ea7n Tunis, Algeria) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda nam k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 20\u00b0N (t\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi Sahara-Sahel \u1edf Mali\/Sudan). Ranh gi\u1edbi: D\u00e3y n\u00fai Atlas \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Nile \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00e0nh \u0111ai Sahel \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea3nh quan \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Sahara: T\u1eeb Ergs \u0111\u1ebfn Regs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m dai d\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c Sahara \u201cch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 25% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch sa m\u1ea1c Sahara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ee9ng: cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 (hamadas), \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ecfi (regs ho\u1eb7c serirs), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 c\u0169. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 T\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 (Niger) hay sa m\u1ea1c Libya ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ecfi tr\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng \u201cergs\u201d (bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: Grand Erg Oriental (Algeria) v\u00e0 Grand Erg Occidental l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Sahara. Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 2,3 tri\u1ec7u km\u00b2 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Sahara l\u00e0 c\u00e1t m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. Nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean bazan v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc (nh\u01b0 cao nguy\u00ean Tassili c\u1ee7a Algeria) nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f2m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i tr\u1eafng (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 'sabkhas' ho\u1eb7c 'chotts') t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi sau nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a hi\u1ebfm hoi. \u1ede nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c gi\u1ed1ng Sahara c\u1ee7a Iran (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Sahara th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c), c\u00e1c v\u00f2m mu\u1ed1i nh\u00f4 l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Dasht-e Kavir s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn sau. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Sahara c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 cao 300\u2013400 m\u00e9t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t Erg Chebbi c\u1ee7a Morocco ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t Biskra c\u1ee7a Algeria), v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa th\u00e1c Niagara. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng theo gi\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Sahara kh\u00e1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n: \u201cerg\u201d d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t (nh\u01b0 Grand Erg Oriental), \u201creg\u201d ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u201chamada\u201d ch\u1ec9 sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y; m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u00ean reg nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u00fan xu\u1ed1ng erg m\u1ec1m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng... <em>C\u00e1c b\u00e3i c\u00e1t, s\u1ecfi n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 b\u00e3i mu\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t.<\/em>Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sa m\u1ea1c Sahara l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ecfi c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o (kho\u1ea3ng 90 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Sahara. Nh\u1eefng con su\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Siwa, Ghadames, Bilma, Kharga) n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng caravan c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean Sahara ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, sa m\u1ea1c s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Nh\u1eefng \"\u0110o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0\" n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1i (t\u1eeb Taoudenni \u1edf Mali) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 \u1edf Timbuktu v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. D\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n caravan b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t \u2013 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t n\u00e0y b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f9a: Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m sa m\u1ea1c Sahara.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu sa m\u1ea1c Sahara c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 40-50\u00b0C (104-122\u00b0F) v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Tafilalt c\u1ee7a Morocco hay r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c Sahara c\u1ee7a Tunisia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ban \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10\u00b0C (50\u00b0F) ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a h\u00e8 sau khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t ban ng\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 20-25\u00b0C (68-77\u00b0F) \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u00eam g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: \u0111\u00eam h\u00e8 \u1edf Sahara th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng t\u1edbi 25\u00b0C, trong khi ban ng\u00e0y m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 20\u00b0C. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sa m\u1ea1c Sahara. V\u00f9ng r\u00eca ph\u00eda b\u1eafc (mi\u1ec1n nam Maroc, mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Algeria, Tunisia) n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n v\u00f9ng khu\u1ea5t m\u01b0a \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 50\u2013200 mm m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Zagora c\u1ee7a Maroc nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 100 mm m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, trong khi sa m\u1ea1c s\u00e2u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Ubari c\u1ee7a Libya ho\u1eb7c sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh 10\u201320 mm ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n \u2013 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a NASA x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 2\u20133 inch (50\u201380 mm) cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Sahara. \u1ede h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Sahara, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u01b0a. Khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a r\u00e0o b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u0169 l\u1ee5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u00e1c k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c du l\u1ecbch? Nh\u00ecn chung, <strong>c\u00e1c m\u00f9a chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (m\u00f9a thu v\u00e0 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n)<\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c Sahara l\u00e0 <em>T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng T\u01b0<\/em>Ban ng\u00e0y tr\u1eddi \u1ea5m \u00e1p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 5-th\u00e1ng 9) c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 n\u00f3ng \u2013 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t 45-50\u00b0C (c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam b\u00e3o c\u00e1t) \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e8 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 30\u00b0C \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00eam m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb <em>Britannica<\/em> B\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf Sahara cao kho\u1ea3ng 20\u00b0C v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 5\u00b0C, c\u00f2n m\u00f9a h\u00e8 cao kho\u1ea3ng 40\u00b0C v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 25\u00b0C. B\u1ea3ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nh\u1ecf minh h\u1ecda ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Sahara:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td>M\u00f9a<\/td><td>Cao trung b\u00ecnh<\/td><td>M\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p trung b\u00ecnh<\/td><td>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a (mm)<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 12\u2013th\u00e1ng 2)<\/strong><\/td><td>~20\u00b0C<\/td><td>~5\u00b0C<\/td><td>50\u2013100 (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 3\u2013th\u00e1ng 5)<\/strong><\/td><td>30\u201335\u00b0C<\/td><td>15\u201320\u00b0C<\/td><td>~10\u201330 (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 6\u2013th\u00e1ng 8)<\/strong><\/td><td>40\u201345\u00b0C<\/td><td>25\u201330\u00b0C<\/td><td>~0\u201310 (h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>M\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 9\u2013th\u00e1ng 11)<\/strong><\/td><td>30\u201335\u00b0C<\/td><td>15\u201320\u00b0C<\/td><td>~10\u201320 (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 10\u201311)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eebng; v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Atlas v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n m\u00e1t h\u01a1n, v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Sahara n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n.) Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c theo m\u00f9a: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 10-11) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 3-4) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u1ea5m \u00e1p, n\u1eafng r\u00e1o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 30\u00b0C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u00eam trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10\u00b0C \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean c\u00e1t, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y mang theo nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 da kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (m\u0169, kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng tia UV) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng quanh n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Du l\u1ecbch sa m\u1ea1c Sahara \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Lu\u00f4n mang theo \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3-4 l\u00edt\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/ng\u00e0y) ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ng\u1eafn. Xe 4x4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1t. Nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Erg Chebbi c\u1ee7a Morocco ho\u1eb7c sa m\u1ea1c Sahara c\u1ee7a Tunisia) hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i; c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb GPS v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng (nh\u01b0 sa m\u1ea1c Libya ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Algeria) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m do v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh \u2013 h\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p><cite>Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Sahara: H\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Sahara theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4. C\u00e2y ch\u00e0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2y me, c\u00e2y keo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n (c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0...) <em>Nitrat<\/em> and <em>Artemisia<\/em>Xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng xanh n\u00e0y, th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3, sa m\u1ea1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1o Fennec (lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1o tai d\u01a1i nh\u1ecf), linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng Dorcas, linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng Addax (m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng sa m\u1ea1c \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim nh\u01b0 chim s\u01a1n ca sa m\u1ea1c, g\u00e0 g\u00f4 c\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim l\u1ed9i di c\u01b0 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m sau nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a. C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u s\u00f4ng Nile v\u00e0 h\u00e0 m\u00e3 t\u1eebng sinh s\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo r\u00eca ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Sahara trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 <strong>b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng \u0103n ph\u00e2n sa m\u1ea1c (<em>B\u1ecd c\u00e1t<\/em>)<\/strong>N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh sao \u2013 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim sa m\u1ea1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng Pharaoh v\u00e0 chim \u00f4-xa Nubia. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lo\u00e0i s\u0103n m\u1ed3i n\u00e0o \u1edf Sahara gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m linh c\u1ea9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp; lo\u00e0i hi\u1ebfm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0... <em>G\u1ea5u Atlas<\/em>Tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi La M\u00e3. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam \u1edf Sahara th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n nh\u01b0... <em>Uromastyx<\/em> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn h\u1ed5 mang s\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng lay l\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi phi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c du m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tuareg v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tuaregs di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0, s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt \u1edf \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tuareg n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u2013 g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd hung \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng chia s\u1ebb n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khan hi\u1ebfm theo m\u00f9a. Trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c xe t\u1ea3i; nh\u1eefng gi\u1ebfng c\u1ed5 (s\u00e2u t\u1edbi 100m) v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara c\u0169ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Tassili n'Ajjer (Algeria) v\u00e0 Acacus (Libya) cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng sa m\u1ea1c t\u1eebng xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i h\u01a1n. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, kho\u1ea3ng <strong>90 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tuareg t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cV\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, sa m\u1ea1c bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecbp tim c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00e1t.\u201d S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 sa m\u1ea1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, ti\u1ebfng x\u00e0o x\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t trong gi\u00f3, c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a m\u00e0n \u0111\u00eam, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gi\u00e1c quan phong ph\u00fa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam Sahara \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o. Xa kh\u1ecfi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y d\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1t nh\u00f2a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i \u1edf Sahara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i c\u1ea5p 1 theo thang Bortle, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eafm sao t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p><cite>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 \u1edf Sahara<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Sahara l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qua c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Theo t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maroc \u2013 Erg Chebbi (Merzouga)<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1eabn v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c Sahara. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t m\u00e0u cam cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cao kho\u1ea3ng 150-200 m) nh\u00f4 l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 ch\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y sao. C\u1ea3nh b\u00ecnh minh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u201c\u0110\u1ecf L\u1edbn\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Merzouga (l\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng xe 4x4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Berber. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i trong sa m\u1ea1c.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Algeria \u2013 Tassili v\u00e0 Ajer<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. Cao nguy\u00ean sa th\u1ea1ch Tassili ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 15.000 h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Sahara (h\u01a1n 10.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i). Nh\u1eefng v\u00f2m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Djanet; n\u00ean tham gia c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. (C\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi d\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tunisia\/Algeria \u2013 Chott el-Djerid v\u00e0 Douz<\/strong>C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn Chott el-Djerid (Tunisia) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan tr\u1eafng x\u00f3a k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i; Douz (\"C\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c\") t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Sahara h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Grand Erg Oriental (g\u1ea7n Tozeur) cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c Sahara.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ai C\u1eadp \u2013 Sa m\u1ea1c Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o Bahariya<\/strong>Ph\u00eda t\u00e2y s\u00f4ng Nile g\u1ea7n Cairo, sa m\u1ea1c Tr\u1eafng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ea5n b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda sa m\u1ea1c \u0111en. C\u00e1c su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u1edf \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o Bahariya v\u00e0 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o Siwa (xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n ti\u00ean tri c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a (t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Niger\/Mali \u2013 Air v\u00e0 T\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9<\/strong>\u00cdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du kh\u00e1ch gh\u00e9 th\u0103m h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m sa m\u1ea1c Sahara n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o linh thi\u00eang Bilma (n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh ch\u1edf mu\u1ed1i) v\u00e0 Koriom\u00e9 (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch kh\u1ee7ng long). Niamey ho\u1eb7c Agadez l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>\u1ede trung t\u00e2m sa m\u1ea1c Sahara, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. N\u1ebfu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf khu\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u00e1t l\u00e0m rung l\u1eafc) v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n d\u1ef1ng l\u1ec1u sau khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n, v\u00ec gi\u00f3 gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. V\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n mang theo qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u1ea5m: Sahara c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t nhanh sau khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh sao, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0. Khi thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng: c\u00e1o sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00fa th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00ecnh m\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e3i c\u00e1t.<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p sa m\u1ea1c Sahara: Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm sao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Sahara \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. Gi\u1edd v\u00e0ng (b\u00ecnh minh, ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n) t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng d\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1; b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi xanh th\u1eb3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1t cam t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh phong c\u1ea3nh, \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh g\u00f3c r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y s\u1ebd cho ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi s\u1eafc n\u00e9t. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u2013 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1eb3ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed9n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u1ea2nh \u0111en tr\u1eafng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u1eafm sao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i Bortle c\u1ea5p 1 ho\u1eb7c 2, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 D\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean r\u00f5 n\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y th\u1eed quan s\u00e1t v\u00f9ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c: l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam h\u00e8 \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a sao b\u0103ng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf. N\u1ebfu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \"th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i\" - tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n pha \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u1eaft quen v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p: nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, sa m\u1ea1c Sahara th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. <em>\u201cMang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y.\u201d<\/em> B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong v\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a NASA v\u00e0 ESA \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf Sahara \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa). N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh hay ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng d\u00e0i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam Sahara; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Namib: Sa m\u1ea1c h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Namib-The-Magic-Of-The-Most-Beautiful-Deserts-In-The-World.jpg\" alt=\"Namib-Ma-Thu\u1eadt-C\u1ee7a-Sa-M\u1ea1c-\u0110\u1eb9p-Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1ebf-Gi\u1edbi\" title=\"Namib-Ma-Thu\u1eadt-C\u1ee7a-Sa-M\u1ea1c-\u0110\u1eb9p-Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1ebf-Gi\u1edbi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Namibia v\u00e0 v\u00e0o Angola, sa m\u1ea1c Namib l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi sa m\u1ea1c Sahara. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 <strong>Sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>Sa m\u1ea1c Namib \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 55 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1nh (Benguela) gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5p. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Namib th\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng: nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t m\u00e0u cam tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi xanh th\u1eb3m, l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n (Sossusvlei), v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n X\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng x\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm. Sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i: m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (<em>\u201c\u00d4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1edbn\u201d<\/em> Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai Deadvlei (\u1edf Sossusvlei) cao h\u01a1n 380 m, thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \u0111en nh\u00e1nh tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng \u1edf Deadvlei \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Namibia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Namib l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong 55-80 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m \u2013 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft. Tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1nh Benguela \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ven bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m \u1ea9m l\u1edbn n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb k\u1ef7 Miocene. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, <em>\u201cC\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu cho th\u1ea5y Namib \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 55 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.\u201d<\/em> Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, sa m\u1ea1c Namib tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1edf v\u1ecbnh Walvis \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. V\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p so v\u1edbi sa m\u1ea1c Sahara: <strong>V\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u00e1t<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 100\u2013200 km ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc-nam. Ph\u00eda trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c inselberg (\u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c). Oxit s\u1eaft t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf cam \u0111\u1eadm, t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba y xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai sa m\u1ea1c. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 L\u00fcderitz, \u0111\u00e1 ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u00f3ng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0i km, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1t di chuy\u1ec3n. V\u00f9ng giao thoa gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0y nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sossusvlei v\u00e0 Deadvlei: Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p sa m\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Namib m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn... <strong>Sossusvlei<\/strong>Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01a1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9ng mu\u1ed1i\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Nama \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Sossusvlei v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn Deadvlei l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tham quan. <em>B\u1ed1 L\u1edbn<\/em> and <em>C\u1ed3n c\u00e1t 45<\/em>Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (~380 m) mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh; ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai th\u1ee9 hai (45 m) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m leo n\u00fai d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i Deadvlei, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2y keo gai 900 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i s\u1eabm m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i (ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111en k\u1ecbt nh\u01b0 than v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh si\u00eau th\u1ef1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tranh c\u1ee7a Salvador Dal\u00ed: nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2y \u0111en k\u1ecbt, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng, c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t m\u00e0u cam v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi xanh r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; \u00e1nh n\u1eafng gay g\u1eaft gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m phai m\u00e0u tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh LCD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh: Sossusvlei n\u1eb1m trong V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Namib-Naukluft, v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Namibia. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u1eeda (\u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Sesriem). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C19 tr\u1ea3i s\u1ecfi t\u1eeb khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Sesriem ho\u1eb7c tham gia c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i Sesriem, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c Windhoek \u1edf xa). \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1i xe 4x4 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 5 km tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1t (\u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xe g\u1ea7m cao). T\u1eeb l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh, c\u1ea7n \u0111i b\u1ed9 th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 1 km n\u1eefa v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u1eb9o ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> \u1ede Sossusvlei, h\u00e3y leo l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y. C\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ND m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0n tr\u1eadp nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y s\u00e1ng. Deadvlei v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef cho \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u2013 c\u00e1t \u1edf Namibia c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ecbn. H\u00e3y mang theo m\u00e1y th\u1ed5i b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1ec7 sinh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Skeleton: N\u01a1i sa m\u1ea1c g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Namib tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n X\u01b0\u01a1ng (Skeleton Coast). K\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 500 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Swakop \u0111\u1ebfn Kunene, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 voi v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9) v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m x\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c (s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng b\u1ed1c l\u00ean t\u1eeb sa m\u1ea1c) khi\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cN\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra trong c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9\u201d (theo ti\u1ebfng San).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n X\u01b0\u01a1ng (Skeleton Coast) mang m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: x\u00e1c t\u00e0u nh\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t, h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u n\u1eb1m ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecf hoang v\u1eafng, v\u00e0 linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng Eland g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i c\u1ecf th\u01b0a th\u1edbt. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, <em>M\u0169i Cross<\/em>N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u l\u00f4ng Cape kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 100.000 con h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00e0u Zambezi (hay Dunedin Star) l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n v\u1ecbnh M\u00f6we (d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9) v\u00e0 con t\u00e0u mang t\u00ean B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha... <em>C\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c<\/em> T\u1ea1i c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Hoarusib (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1486 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 su\u00fdt ch\u1ebft trong chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh). H\u01a1n 500 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u \u200b\u200b\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n b\u1edfi c\u00e1t d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n X\u01b0\u01a1ng (Skeleton Coast National Park), ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng xe 4x4 kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Swakopmund ho\u1eb7c Damaraland. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n cho th\u1ea5y quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c: c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t ph\u00eda sau b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi sa m\u1ea1c hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 linh c\u1ea9u ki\u1ebfm \u0103n d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam (qua s\u00f4ng Ugab) v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc (qua Kunene).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: H\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a Namibia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite scant rain (often &lt;200 mm\/year), life has evolved ingeniously here. The endemic <em>Welwitschia mirabilis<\/em>C\u00e2y Welwitschia, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi hai l\u00e1, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 xo\u1eafn l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1t; m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n 2.000 n\u0103m. Welwitschia h\u00fat h\u01a1i \u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Namib n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9: d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 bao ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1n 40 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m duy nh\u1ea5t cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. B\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng \u01b0a s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0...) <em>Onymacris unguicularis<\/em>Nh\u1eefng con d\u00ea (lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3) leo l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 mang theo s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 thu gom h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng b\u00f3ng lo\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 (do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o) lang thang g\u1ea7n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng Oryx (gemsbok) v\u00e0 linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng Springbok c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, r\u1eafn l\u1ee5c c\u00e1t l\u00f9n, t\u1eafc k\u00e8 v\u00e0 th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1t n\u00f3ng. H\u1ec7 chim bao g\u1ed3m chim m\u00f2 s\u00f2 ch\u00e2u Phi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1, v\u00e0 m\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n\/di\u1ec1u h\u00e2u \u0103n m\u1ed3i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n. \u1ede v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, voi sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed \u1edf Damaraland ho\u1eb7c Kunene (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn: ng\u1ed7ng c\u00e1nh c\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u s\u00f4ng Nile th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i s\u00f4ng sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>\u0110\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n. S\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng thu h\u00fat v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thu h\u00fat chim s\u01a1n ca v\u00e0 chim s\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u00eam (c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p ch\u00f3 r\u1eebng, chim \u0111\u00eam, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t con b\u00e1o th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi sa m\u1ea1c \u0111ang r\u00ecnh m\u1ed3i l\u00e0 linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eebng th\u1eb3ng. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba sinh s\u1ea3n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u l\u00f4ng Cape v\u00e0 hang ch\u00f3 r\u1eebng).<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m Namib: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Windhoek (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Namibia) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n sa m\u1ea1c: l\u00e1i xe 2-3 ti\u1ebfng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn NamibRand, khu v\u1ef1c Sesriem\/Sossusvlei, ho\u1eb7c Swakopmund (c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n X\u01b0\u01a1ng). T\u1ef1 l\u00e1i xe r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ecfi (B1, C19, C14) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba d\u00e0nh cho xe 4x4 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. Thu\u00ea xe c\u00f3 g\u1ea7m cao v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n\/tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p). C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng r\u1ea5t th\u01b0a th\u1edbt \u2013 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh x\u0103ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i Sesriem) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sang tr\u1ecdng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &amp;Beyond Sossusvlei Desert Lodge) n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t. N\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 s\u1edbm (t\u1eeb 6 th\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean) cho m\u00f9a cao \u0111i\u1ec3m (th\u00e1ng 7-9). Ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Namib-Naukluft (kho\u1ea3ng 80 \u0111\u00f4 la Namibia\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Skeleton (ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3), thanh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c tour c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 safari v\u0103n h\u00f3a (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u0103m l\u00e0ng Himba) s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh m\u00f9a v\u1ee5: M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u1edf Namibia (th\u00e1ng 5-th\u00e1ng 9) m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch. Gi\u00f3 Harmattan b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n sau th\u00e1ng 5. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 11-th\u00e1ng 3) mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f4ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt non, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. Khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n Erongo\/Damaraland c\u00f3 m\u01b0a v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 12-th\u00e1ng 2 nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a lu\u00f4n \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Himba t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Namibia: \u201cM\u1ecdi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 c\u00e1t, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Himba (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Kaokoland), vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n. Nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u201cv\u1eafng v\u1ebb\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Namibia r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 sa m\u1ea1c, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra m\u01b0a sao b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/p><cite>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Namib<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Namibia l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, trao quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 doanh thu t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng voi sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00ea gi\u00e1c \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean NamibRand (m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh du l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n 2.300 km\u00b2 c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 n\u00fai \u1edf t\u00e2y nam Namibia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1eeba hoang (lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; ch\u00fang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf ven bi\u1ec3n (kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, uranium) mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u00e2y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (nh\u01b0 WWF v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Namibia) theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm sao v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, Namib kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u (kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Sahel \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi). C\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u1edfi th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t) bao ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch; ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t h\u00ecnh sao m\u1edbi di chuy\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Namib \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atacama: V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Atacama-The-Magic-Of-The-Most-Beautiful-Deserts-In-The-World.jpg\" alt=\"Atacama-Ma thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\" title=\"Atacama-Ma thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Leo l\u00ean d\u00e3y Andes v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc t\u1eeb Santiago, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c: sa m\u1ea1c Atacama c\u1ee7a Chile. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n n\u00e0y (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 25\u00b0S) r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0... <em>sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1edf Atacama \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. <em>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/em>C\u1ea3nh quan n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i, m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun, \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda, khe n\u00fai b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho NASA s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng sao H\u1ecfa. V\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch (~105.000 km\u00b2), n\u00f3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n sa m\u1ea1c Sahara hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 sa m\u1ea1c Namib, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u01a1i kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Atacama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Atacama th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng khu\u1ea5t m\u01b0a c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes h\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, trong khi d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1nh Humboldt ch\u1ea3y ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0: l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 0\u20133 mm \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft: <em>\u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Atacama ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/em>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Sahara v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10-20 mm; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c v\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Atacama th\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a NASA nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i sa m\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Imre Friedmann (NASA Ames) nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng sa m\u1ea1c Atacama... <strong>C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n h\u01a1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 vi khu\u1ea9n lam.<\/strong> (nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \"kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n\" l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, sa m\u1ea1c Atacama c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: ban ng\u00e0y (th\u00e1ng 12-th\u00e1ng 2) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t 25-30\u00b0C, trong khi ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn (San Pedro de Atacama n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 2.400 m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, sa m\u1ea1c Atacama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c \"m\u00e1t m\u1ebb\" do \u0111\u1ed9 cao; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb San Pedro de Atacama (\u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 2.400 m). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm cao v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ban \u0111\u00eam lo\u00e3ng h\u01a1n. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf Atacama \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n (25\u201335\u00b0C m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y), nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 6\u2013th\u00e1ng 8) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam tr\u1eddi quang \u0111\u00e3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 5\u00b0C v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Sao kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0a?<\/em> Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eaby \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t (nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m El Ni\u00f1o) m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a l\u1edbn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 2015 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y. <em>\u201csa m\u1ea1c n\u1edf hoa\u201d<\/em> Hoa n\u1edf. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thung l\u0169ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan gi\u1ed1ng sao H\u1ecfa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda t\u00e2y San Pedro l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. <strong>Thung l\u0169ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng<\/strong>Thung l\u0169ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i th\u1ea1ch cao v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u00f3p nh\u1ecdn v\u00e0 h\u1ebbm n\u00fai ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n do mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p Thung l\u0169ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n cho th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0ng d\u1ecbu nh\u1eb9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi xanh th\u1eb3m \u2013 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan \u1edf Atacama d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y (3 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 <em>Thung l\u0169ng Sao H\u1ecfa<\/em> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 <em>Thung l\u0169ng Ch\u1ebft<\/em> N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t, r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e1n tr\u00ean v\u00e1n (m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t tour n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng xe 4x4 s\u1ebd bao tr\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Sossusvlei, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3: \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed9n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hoa n\u1edf r\u1ed9 \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c: M\u00f9a hoa Atacama n\u1edf r\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 l\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <strong>Hoa Atacama n\u1edf<\/strong>t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>\u201cSa m\u1ea1c n\u1edf hoa.\u201d<\/em> Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m hi\u1ebfm hoi sau nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u00f4ng hoa d\u1ea1i n\u1edf r\u1ed9 kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean (hoa c\u1ea9m qu\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecf, hoa lupin t\u00edm, hoa anh th\u1ea3o v\u00e0ng, v.v.). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian. National Geographic l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee9 5-7 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng El Ni\u00f1o g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t n\u1edf r\u1ed9 l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017, bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a hi\u1ebfm hoi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n 200 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u1eb1m im l\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Hoa n\u1edf thu h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra l\u00e0 h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a: m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a (trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n) th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ng\u1eafm sao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong xanh \u1edf Atacama r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khu v\u1ef1c Paranal c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t Nam \u00c2u (ESO), \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2.635 m, c\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh 300 \u0111\u00eam tr\u1eddi quang \u0111\u00e3ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2,4\u20135 km, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan s\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng. K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn 8 m\u00e9t (VLT) c\u1ee7a Paranal v\u00e0 M\u1ea3ng milim\u00e9t\/submilimet l\u1edbn Atacama (ALMA, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng g\u1ed3m 66 \u0103ng-ten) \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb NASA, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan Paranal v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Atacama (Cerro Toco, Cerro Paranal) th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh do ESO ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: v\u00f2m D\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y Magellan v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u1edf Atacama (m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm sao l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i gi\u00fap ngay c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1o (b\u1ee5i li\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh b\u1ecb t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i San Pedro v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh ALMA, du l\u1ecbch thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Erika B. nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cT\u00f4i t\u1eebng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch \u0111i quan s\u00e1t qua m\u1ed9t k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n nh\u1ecf: ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tinh v\u00e2n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3.\u201d C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p><cite>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t: M\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ea8n s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, Atacama c\u00f2n mang trong m\u00ecnh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc San Pedro l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun El Tatio (cao 4.320 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, h\u01a1n 80 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng l\u00ean l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t xe \u0111\u00f3n l\u00fac 3 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng (\u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun tr\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi b\u00ecnh minh l\u00e0m \u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed). C\u00f3 c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0 <strong>Salar de Atacama<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn (h\u01a1n 3.000 km\u00b2) l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c (h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c Chile, h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c James). Salar c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n gi\u00e0u lithium \u2013 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p lithium cho ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Chile. M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c, Laguna Cejar, cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, <strong>Lagunas Miscanti v\u00e0 Miniques<\/strong> (Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean cao \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 4.100 m) ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh bi\u1ebfc tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111en. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BirdLife ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u00e0nh cho chim h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 vicu\u00f1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u1edf Puritama v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang silica g\u1ea7n Pujsa. San Pedro cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o m\u00f9a cao \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn phi\u00eau l\u01b0u Atacama c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>San Pedro de Atacama (d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ~5.000) l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c. Bay \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2n bay Calama (1 gi\u1edd \u0111i xe bu\u00fdt) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1i xe 16 gi\u1edd t\u1eeb Santiago theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c. H\u00e3y th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c chai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u2014 tia UV r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ban \u0111\u00eam tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh (th\u01b0\u1eddng &lt;5\u00b0C v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng). Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00fai n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xe 4\u00d74 v\u00e0 GPS. Nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f9ng cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai l\u1eeda Licancabur ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ec sa m\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng du l\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia c\u00e1c tour c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean (ng\u1eafm m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, tour xe \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t, tour v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng Tulor c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Atacama ho\u1eb7c tour tham quan m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1). C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c tour xe \u0111\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Atacama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m cung c\u1ea5p; nh\u1eefng tour n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i xe, h\u00e3y mang theo nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef: tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Calama\/San Pedro (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u1edf gi\u1eefa trong b\u00e1n k\u00ednh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf Ojos del Salar \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m:<\/strong> H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Namibia. \u0110\u1ea7u m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 10-12) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong xanh nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y cao (~30\u00b0C) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1nh. Gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 1-3) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a ng\u1eafn \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean (th\u00e1ng 6-8 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Chile), \u0111\u00f4i khi khi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Patagonia \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt nh\u01b0ng Atacama l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1edb tr\u00eau. M\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 3-5) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 9-11) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u2013 ban ng\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 20-25\u00b0C, \u0111\u00eam \u00f4n h\u00f2a. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u00f9a xu\u00e2n\u201d (th\u00e1ng 9-11) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hoa d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00edt kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch h\u01a1n, trong khi m\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 3-5) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i du l\u1ecbch tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao nguy\u00ean \u1edf Atacama (\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun Putana ho\u1eb7c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi), h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho ch\u1ee9ng say \u0111\u1ed9 cao: mang theo l\u00e1 coca ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c, leo l\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean n\u00ean \u1edf l\u1ea1i San Pedro 2 \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 3.000 m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf\/\u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda theo m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Paso Sico \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 4.580 m) \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng do tuy\u1ebft. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 trong th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n.<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Taklamakan: C\u1ea3nh quan sa m\u1ea1c tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/The-Magic-Of-The-Most-Beautiful-Deserts-In-The-World.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1-k\u1ef3-di\u1ec7u-c\u1ee7a-nh\u1eefng-sa-m\u1ea1c-\u0111\u1eb9p-nh\u1ea5t-th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi\" title=\"S\u1ef1-k\u1ef3-di\u1ec7u-c\u1ee7a-nh\u1eefng-sa-m\u1ea1c-\u0111\u1eb9p-nh\u1ea5t-th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c t\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sa m\u1ea1c Taklamakan tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kh\u1eafp ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Tarim thu\u1ed9c Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 337.000 km\u00b2, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi theo ti\u1ebfng Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0... <em>\u201cV\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra ngo\u00e0i\u201d<\/em>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00f5i hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a: du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00f2ng qua r\u00eca ph\u00eda b\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda nam, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng qua Turpan\/Dunhuang v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam qua Khotan\/Kashgar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Taklamakan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai: Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, C\u00f4n Lu\u00e2n \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n; l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c milim\u00e9t m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ghi nh\u1eadn... <em>\u201cL\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Tarim d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 mm.\u201d<\/em>Sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u00e3o v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 nh\u01b0ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n sa m\u1ea1c b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cao t\u1edbi 300 m \u2013 xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ecfi v\u00e0 b\u00e3i mu\u1ed1i. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m Taklamakan n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 800\u20131.500 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 40\u00b0C \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat), v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng (\u221210\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Taklamakan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sa m\u1ea1c Sahara: m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. L\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch d\u00e0y (s\u00e2u t\u1edbi 10 km) t\u00edch t\u1ee5, v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0... <em>\u201cv\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n\u201d<\/em>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 theo m\u00f9a (\"gi\u00f3 2\") th\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh b\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o tre v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1t x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, <em>C\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t di \u0111\u1ed9ng bao ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1n 40% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Taklamakan.<\/em>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1n b\u00e3o, con v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi 50-100 m\u00e9t m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Taklamakan, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng. Hai b\u00ean r\u00eca ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt, nh\u1edd d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng. V\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng Turpan (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn nho v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn m\u01a1 trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u00e1n \u1ea9m xung quanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Turfan. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam \u0111i qua g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn Hotan, Yarkand v\u00e0 Kashgar, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh lang r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 li\u1ec5u cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa m\u00ec m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ed5 (Khotan, Niya, Loulan, v.v.) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong nh\u1eefng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i n\u00e0y. \u1ede gi\u1eefa l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c, bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c; n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a b\u1ecf qua trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cN\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u201d: T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ean <em>Taklamakan<\/em> B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uyghur n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p... <strong>\"nh\u00e0o l\u1ed9n\" (m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n)<\/strong> and <strong>\u201c\u0103n\u201d (n\u01a1i)<\/strong>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e0 <em>Rakshasa-vana<\/em> (\u201cv\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7\u201d) trong c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh ma c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u1ebb huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u2026 <em>\u201cH\u1ea1 Sa\u201d<\/em> (C\u00e1t \u0110en) v\u00e0 <em>\"Jinsha\"<\/em> (Sa m\u1ea1c C\u00e1t V\u00e0ng) \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t di chuy\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh m\u1edbi d\u00e1m m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m b\u0103ng qua trung t\u00e2m sa m\u1ea1c. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i s\u1ebd chia nh\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00e3 ba \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o (Dunhuang \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Tashkurgan \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y song song quanh r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u00e3o c\u00e1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc. Du l\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a: \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5), Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Taklamakan l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai l\u1edbn chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, tr\u00e0 \u2013 ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y; c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c (gia v\u1ecb, ng\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y tinh, kim lo\u1ea1i) ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Ph\u00eda b\u1eafc sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 h\u01a1n qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o d\u1ecdc theo d\u00e3y Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n (Turfan, Korla, Hami, Dunhuang). Ph\u00eda nam sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c qua Khotan, Aksu, Kucha, Yarkand, Kashgar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng: <em>\u201cC\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111i qua ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Taklamakan, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ng\u00e3 ba n\u01a1i hai tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y giao nhau.\u201d<\/em>Dunhuang (\u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c: tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh lang ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Turfan (Gaochang c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i), v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng Turpan (v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i c\u1ed5); \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Kashgar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t sinh l\u1ee3i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n Marco Polo t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u00e1n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf Kashgar tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn Dunhuang v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u00f9ng r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 hang Kizil v\u00e0 Kumtura g\u1ea7n Kucha) v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o (madrasa). Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u1edf H\u00e0nh lang Hexi (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh. Sa m\u1ea1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o lan truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, trong khi nho, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Sogdian lan truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd d\u00e0nh cho l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i Lop Nor v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Nam: C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia b\u1eafc-nam l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u1edf Taklamakan ng\u00e0y nay. <strong>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a ph\u00eda B\u1eafc<\/strong> Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111i qua Hami (ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng), Turfan (Gaochang c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i), r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y d\u1ecdc theo ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n (221\u2013206 TCN), T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Turfan (Turpan), nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o ng\u1ea7m Karez c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nho. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Astana (m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a ph\u00eda b\u1eafc n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i Turpan) trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c <strong>Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda Nam<\/strong> H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam. T\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Kashgar \u1edf t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c (tr\u00ean nh\u00e1nh Karakoram c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a), c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Yarkand, Khotan, b\u0103ng qua c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo ch\u00e2n n\u00fai C\u00f4n Lu\u00e2n. Khotan n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ec7t l\u1ee5a; Yarkand n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi th\u1ea3m v\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y nay, Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Kashgar (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng) v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Khotan (Mazar Tagh) g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vinh quang \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea3 hai tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhau t\u1ea1i Lop Nor (t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam) v\u00e0 Dunhuang \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Du kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Dunhuang v\u00e0 Kashgar b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i men theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c G30 b\u0103ng qua ph\u00eda b\u1eafc sa m\u1ea1c, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh (317) \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam qua Shanshan (di t\u00edch Loulan). Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam t\u1eeb Kashgar \u0111\u1ebfn Hotan \u0111\u1ebfn Yarkand \u0111\u1ebfn Karghilik l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn \u1edf Kashgar v\u00e0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Mogao \u1edf Dunhuang (m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a UNESCO) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Xa l\u1ed9 G314 c\u1eaft ngang sa m\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i Tazhong (m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf m\u1edbi); tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch do c\u00e1t d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh (b\u00e3o c\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e1nh khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Taklamakan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c khu danh lam th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Ruoqiang v\u00e0 Hotan).<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kho b\u00e1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5: Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba Astana v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Ngh\u0129a trang Astana (hay Astana) g\u1ea7n Turpan (\u1edf h\u00e0nh lang ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ngh\u0129a trang Astana \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Sven Hedin khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. B\u1edfi v\u00ec khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u mu\u1ed1i, <em>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n.<\/em>Kho b\u00e1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a: \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eb7c l\u1ee5a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng Trung \u00c1, th\u01b0 t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c di v\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. Khu ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 trang ph\u1ee5c th\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i Turpan, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ma trong sa m\u1ea1c: Gaochang (g\u1ea7n Turfan ng\u00e0y nay) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang sau tr\u1eadn l\u0169 l\u1ee5t t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. Miran v\u00e0 Niya, tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. UNESCO l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa \u2013 <strong>\u201cH\u01a1n 100.000 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5\u201d<\/strong> Ri\u00eang \u1edf Dunhuang th\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 song. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: Taklamakan mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn sa m\u1ea1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i di t\u00edch: khu di t\u00edch Astana b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Turpan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Gaochang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Astana bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n theo nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau (Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Mani gi\u00e1o, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o Nestorian) trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o Taklamakan nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng (hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p k\u00ednh c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Trung \u00c1.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Taklamakan hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sa m\u1ea1c Taklamakan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang vu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua sa m\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c xuy\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c (Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 314 v\u00e0 315 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c) hi\u1ec7n nay chia \u0111\u00f4i sa m\u1ea1c \u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, n\u1ed1i Luntai (ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Turpan) v\u1edbi Lop Nur v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn Dunhuang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n cho xe t\u1ea3i ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch (gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n). C\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Tarim; c\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u Tarim c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e0n b\u01a1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3nh quan. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 Korla (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) v\u00e0 Hotan (ph\u00eda nam) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra: Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c xuy\u00ean qua T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo r\u00eca Taklamakan). Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m v\u1eabn h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1t b\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1ec7 tinh cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c m\u1edbi h\u01a1i l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n nghi h\u01a1n. Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1edf Urumqi (th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1eb1m \u1edf r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c). C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba n\u1ed1i Urumqi v\u1edbi Kashgar v\u00e0 \u00dcr\u00fcmqi \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng do s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9. Du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c (T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb; vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 thu\u00ea c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u2013 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tham gia c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 visa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p Du l\u1ecbch T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng (do c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5p) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y mang theo ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u2013 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n sa m\u1ea1c xa x\u00f4i, th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. An ninh: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; lu\u00f4n mang theo h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng; h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb Dunhuang \u0111\u1ebfn Kashgar: Theo b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a l\u00e0 Dunhuang \u2192 Turpan \u2192 Kashgar. Dunhuang (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c Gobi) l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1edbi hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Mogao (di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi UNESCO) l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 40.000 cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y. Du kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t Mingsha (g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 C\u1ed3n c\u00e1t Vang v\u1ecdng). Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u00e1i xe ho\u1eb7c \u0111i xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0o Taklamakan theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc (Korla, Kumul, Turpan, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u0103ng qua sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn Kashgar) ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda nam (Lop Nur, Hotan, Yarkand \u0111\u1ebfn Kashgar). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi phong c\u1ea3nh sa m\u1ea1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kashgar \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Id Kah c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 gia s\u00fac nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt (v\u1eabn c\u00f2n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1eebu). Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Kashgar l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Karakoram h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Pakistan v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a kh\u00e1c (nh\u00e1nh t\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \"v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua\" sa m\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sang tr\u1ecdng: m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng xe 4x4 b\u0103ng qua trung t\u00e2m sa m\u1ea1c, c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00edt du kh\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o d\u00e1m th\u1eed. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, du kh\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf taxi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129 \u1edf Kashgar t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cSa m\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u1eddi \u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u2013 khi h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e2u. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n nho, nho kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n halal g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p (\u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb), l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed3ng \u1ea5m: kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i.<\/p><cite>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dasht-e Kavir: B\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u1ea1m mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Iran<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Dasht-e-Cavir-The-Magic-Of-The-Most-Beautiful-Deserts-In-The-World.jpg\" alt=\"Dasht-e-Cavir-S\u1ef1-k\u1ef3-di\u1ec7u-c\u1ee7a-nh\u1eefng-sa-m\u1ea1c-\u0111\u1eb9p-nh\u1ea5t-th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi\" title=\"Dasht-e-Cavir-S\u1ef1-k\u1ef3-di\u1ec7u-c\u1ee7a-nh\u1eefng-sa-m\u1ea1c-\u0111\u1eb9p-nh\u1ea5t-th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Iran s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, trong \u0111\u00f3 Dasht-e Kavir (ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Mu\u1ed1i\u201d) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd b\u1edfi sa m\u1ea1c Lut n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n (Dasht-e Lut), Dasht-e Kavir tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 77.600 km\u00b2 tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Iran, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sa m\u1ea1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 15-20 sa m\u1ea1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n Sahara hay Taklamakan, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201ckavir\u201d (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c c\u00e1t, Kavir ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00f2 mu\u1ed1i (diapir) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t d\u00e0i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng Rig-e Jenn). M\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 tr\u1eafng be r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 Sivand l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 theo m\u00f9a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Kavir n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Tehran kho\u1ea3ng 300 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, tr\u00ean ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa d\u00e3y Zagros v\u00e0 Alborz. Theo m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n tin, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh thu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m Semnan, Isfahan, Yazd, Tehran v\u00e0 Khorasan. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 800 km (T\u00e2y B\u1eafc \u2013 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam) x 320 km (\u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u2013 T\u00e2y Nam) \u2013 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bao quanh c\u00e1c l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n. <em>\u201cNh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d<\/em> (Kavir Buzurg) \u1edf trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, n\u01a1i b\u00f9n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i tr\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c xe c\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i d\u00e0y t\u1edbi 6-7 km. Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean qua l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh <strong>v\u00f2m mu\u1ed1i<\/strong> (c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00f4 l\u00ean), hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u00f2n th\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o. NASA ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u01b0 sau: <em>50 diapir l\u1edbn<\/em> \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Kavir l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c c\u00e1t Sahara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sa m\u1ea1c mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn: \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dasht-e Kavir \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sa m\u1ea1c Mu\u1ed1i L\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c Kavir-e Namak. T\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u201ckavir\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1i. Ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y (Kavir-e Gandoman hay V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kavir) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang m\u1ea1c, th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 n\u00fai. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m, Kavir-e Namak, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc tan ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai xung quanh l\u00e0m ng\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a h\u00e8, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i gi\u00f2n n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u0111a gi\u00e1c. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t quanh n\u0103m l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u2013 do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i (qanat) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p: nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eafng x\u00f3a b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t m\u1ecfng manh tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Rig-e Jenn \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed3n c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh\u201d), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5m \u0111en ri\u00eang l\u1ebb (\u0111\u1ed3i mu\u1ed1i). Sa m\u1ea1c Lut n\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Kavir, nh\u01b0ng hai n\u01a1i n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau: Lut l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, trong khi Kavir l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n mu\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Kavir t\u1eebng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch: th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n qua \u0111\u00e2y; g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cay \u0111\u1eafng (nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Sir Aurel Stein \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau khi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf Kavir trong khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Iran).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kavir (\u1edf s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c) l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ed5 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, g\u1ea7n Garmsar). Nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c h\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc (nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i) thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n trung Ba T\u01b0.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c v\u00f2m mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Kavir ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i. Theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a NASA, \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn gi\u00e0u mu\u1ed1i\u201d t\u1eebng bao ph\u1ee7 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y; khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t <em>L\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i d\u00e0y 6\u20137 km<\/em> Theo th\u1eddi gian, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o (va ch\u1ea1m m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e3y Zagros\/Alborz) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp b\u00f9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u2013 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2m mu\u1ed1i diapir. Kho\u1ea3ng 50 g\u00f2 mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn (diapir) n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u00f2n cao v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m\u00e9t, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec1n xanh (th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt) do c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2n ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft ngang qua ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p mu\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean cao (c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng Hareh \u200b\u200bho\u1eb7c Kang g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 halokinesis, r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p \u1edf quy m\u00f4 n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh xa l\u1ea1 \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u201cr\u00f2 r\u1ec9\u201d n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n. N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c b\u00e3o h\u00f2a (n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3), t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng v\u00f2m mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u2013 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 halit, th\u1ea1ch cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c xanh lam d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: S\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t Dasht-e Kavir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00f9ng Kavir c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n tin cho bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 50\u00b0C, v\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 70\u00b0C. (N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu ban ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t 50\u00b0C, th\u00ec ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n -20\u00b0C). V\u1ec1 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5: m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 (th\u00e1ng 5-th\u00e1ng 9), trong khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng 22\u00b0C (th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a r\u00e0o), nh\u01b0ng ban \u0111\u00eam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0\u00b0C. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao (l\u00ean t\u1edbi 3.400 mm\/n\u0103m theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a kho\u1ea3ng 50 mm).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng trung t\u00e2m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Garmsar) ghi nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3ng 100\u2013300 mm trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc tan v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y theo m\u00f9a \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng sa m\u1ea1c (nh\u01b0 Dasht-e Allahabad), thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim di c\u01b0. \u0110\u1ebfn m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t do l\u1edbp v\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i. B\u00e3o b\u1ee5i c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. <em>Gi\u00f3 \u201cmang\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n: du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng gay g\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t m\u00f9a h\u00e8. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c c\u1ea9m nang du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Iran khuy\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9a thu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng cao trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 120 ng\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng Iran \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9. N\u1ebfu l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, h\u00e3y nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn... <strong>Th\u00e1ng 3\u2013th\u00e1ng 5<\/strong> and <strong>Th\u00e1ng 9\u2013th\u00e1ng 11<\/strong>V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y \u1ea5m \u00e1p (20\u201335\u00b0C) nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, v\u00e0 ban \u0111\u00eam m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n hoa d\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf. \u0110i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a tr\u00e1i v\u1ee5 (gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a h\u00e8) r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m; ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 tr\u00ean 30\u00b0C c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian theo th\u00e1ng<\/th><th>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh (\u00b0C)<\/th><th>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p trung b\u00ecnh (\u00b0C)<\/th><th>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Th\u00e1ng 3\u2013th\u00e1ng 5 (M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n)<\/strong><\/td><td>25\u201335<\/td><td>10\u201320<\/td><td>Sa m\u1ea1c n\u1edf hoa; ng\u00e0y \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Th\u00e1ng 6\u2013th\u00e1ng 8 (M\u00f9a h\u00e8)<\/strong><\/td><td>45\u201350<\/td><td>25\u201330<\/td><td>N\u1eafng g\u1eaft; n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u v\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Th\u00e1ng 9\u2013Th\u00e1ng 11 (M\u00f9a thu)<\/strong><\/td><td>25\u201335<\/td><td>10\u201320<\/td><td>Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o; c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng m\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Th\u00e1ng 12 \u2013 th\u00e1ng 2 (M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng)<\/strong><\/td><td>10\u201320<\/td><td>0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u201310<\/td><td>\u0110\u00eam l\u1ea1nh; th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a tr\u00ean n\u00fai.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 blog jasminsafari \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf Kavir c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 70\u00b0C (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 50\u00b0C ban ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn -20\u00b0C ban \u0111\u00eam). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u1edbi s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t, sa m\u1ea1c mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c... <em>\"x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4\"<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o hi\u1ebfm hoi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y (th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng mang theo c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t Maranjab xa x\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Kavir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kavir v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i sa m\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Dasht-e Kavir hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kavir (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1982, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 km\u00b2). Khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i, b\u00e3i b\u00f9n sabkha, c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i b\u00e1n th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean. H\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u01b0a th\u1edbt: c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0...) <em>Tamarix<\/em>, <em>Haloxylon<\/em>) b\u00e1m v\u00e0o r\u00eca, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. Th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o bao g\u1ed3m <em>Astragalus kavirensis<\/em> tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i sa m\u1ea1c qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kavir l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m Ba T\u01b0) \u2013 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Iran. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 50 con b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Kavir. L\u1eeba hoang Ba T\u01b0 c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i, linh c\u1ea9u v\u1eb1n, linh mi\u00eau Caracal, m\u00e8o c\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1o sa m\u1ea1c r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. H\u1ec7 chim bao g\u1ed3m chim h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c di c\u01b0 (tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi), chim \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec1n k\u1ec1n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i con linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng lang thang trong b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 9 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 140 lo\u00e0i chim trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Kavir, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Iran, Kavir v\u00e0 Lut \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kavir r\u1ea5t \u00edt. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n c\u1eebu du m\u1ee5c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Turkmen) v\u1eabn d\u1eabn l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea1m Khoa h\u1ecdc Kavir v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Mesr v\u00e0 Garmsar n\u1eb1m \u1edf r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng phun v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi). Du l\u1ecbch \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm: c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sinh th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a b\u00ean trong khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean \u0111i c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Iran nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201c\u1ede Kavir, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u1eady.\u201d Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng: h\u1ecd thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng v\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng sau m\u01b0a (l\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea1o ra sau c\u01a1n m\u01b0a) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 hi\u1ebfm hoi. C\u00e1c khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p \u201csherbet\u201d (n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t) l\u00e0m t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u2013 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p><cite>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: Qanat v\u00e0 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Iran \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Kavir \u2013 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. <em>c\u00e1nh<\/em> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi Kavir (ch\u00fang l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp nhi\u1ec1u sa m\u1ea1c), nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (qanat), Dasht-e Kavir s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qanat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c thoai tho\u1ea3i (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng) h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (nh\u1edd tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c) c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng d\u1eb7m. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Abyaneh, Mesr, Kashan) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n nh\u1ea5t. UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 ghi danh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2016, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2026 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t tour du l\u1ecbch sa m\u1ea1c Iran th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd gh\u00e9 th\u0103m... <em>b\u00e1nh xe qanat<\/em> Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u1ed1i xay Asiyab) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng tr\u00f2n d\u1eabn xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u00eanh d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (qanat) khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tan ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebft \u1edf d\u00e3y Alborz ho\u1eb7c Zagros, c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c \u1edf Kavir \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bnhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3y ng\u1ea7m. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (qanat) c\u0169ng minh h\u1ecda cho vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn theo th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \"\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc\" c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m qanat, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t theo m\u00f9a t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra) t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd caravan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (<em>Caravanserais<\/em>Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd nh\u1ecf (c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \"nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd\") n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ven s\u00f4ng Kavir, c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng 30-40 km (m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch du kh\u00e1ch l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch di chuy\u1ec3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc khan hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tham quan v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn Dasht-e Kavir hi\u1ec7n nay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tehran (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4) n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c kho\u1ea3ng 300 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc (theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9). T\u1eeb Tehran, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e1i xe kho\u1ea3ng 4-6 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean r\u00eca Kavir: Garmsar ho\u1eb7c Semnan (g\u00f3c t\u00e2y b\u1eafc), ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Meybod ho\u1eb7c Taft qua sa m\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kashan (g\u00f3c t\u00e2y nam) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 \u2013 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m sa m\u1ea1c Maranjab (c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Kavir (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 'H\u1ed3 Sa m\u1ea1c').<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c tour trong ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1eb1ng xe jeep nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Kashan, Yazd v\u00e0 Kerman, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i. Ch\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o (Mesr, Abyaneh) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i. V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kavir c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cabin \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Pade-Kavir. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng gay g\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u0169 qu\u00e9t; v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u01b0a khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng r\u1ea5t th\u01b0a th\u1edbt: h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh x\u0103ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 khu v\u1ef1c (Semnan, Kashan, Yazd) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa. Sa m\u1ea1c Mu\u1ed1i L\u1edbn v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, hoang s\u01a1 \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n l\u1edbn n\u00e0o tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sinh th\u00e1i nh\u1ecf \u1edf r\u00eca. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00f9a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 3-th\u00e1ng 5) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 9-th\u00e1ng 11). Theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o chung \u1edf v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 50\u00b0C v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 0\u00b0C v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. <em>Th\u00e1ng 3\/Th\u00e1ng 4<\/em> Kavir \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hoa d\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m, h\u00e3y mang theo nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean \u0111\u1eebng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa d\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf sau nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a; v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, c\u00e2y Populus euphratica (c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng sa m\u1ea1c) chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u00f3ng \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Tarim (l\u01b0u \u00fd: Tarim l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng m\u1ecdc xung quanh c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Kavir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c Iran. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Kavir kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 visa v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Rig-e Jenn (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3n l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m). M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng am hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c Sahara, Namib, Atacama, Taklamakan v\u00e0 Kavir cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u00fap t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td>Sa m\u1ea1c<\/td><td>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch (km\u00b2)<\/td><td>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/td><td>Tu\u1ed5i \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh<\/td><td>Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/td><td>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Sahara<\/strong><\/td><td>~9,200,000<\/td><td>B\u1eafc Phi (11 qu\u1ed1c gia)<\/td><td>~2\u20133 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/td><td>N\u00f3ng \u2013 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 r\u1ea5t \u1ea5m \u00e1p; m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a.<\/td><td>L\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <em>n\u00f3ng<\/em> sa m\u1ea1c; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 25% l\u00e0 c\u00e1t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Namib<\/strong><\/td><td>~81,000<\/td><td>Namibia\/Angola (T\u00e2y Nam Phi)<\/td><td>55\u201380 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/td><td>Sa m\u1ea1c s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 ven bi\u1ec3n; kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/td><td>Sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t; nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecf kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (Sossusvlei)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Atacama<\/strong><\/td><td>~105,000<\/td><td>Chile\/Peru (Nam M\u1ef9)<\/td><td>~10\u201315 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/td><td>C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/td><td>Sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c; n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean v\u0103n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi (ALMA).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Taklamakan<\/strong><\/td><td>~337,000<\/td><td>T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td><td>V\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u?<\/td><td>Sa m\u1ea1c m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba<\/td><td>R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a; \u201cn\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ai quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Dasht-e Kavir<\/strong><\/td><td>~77,600<\/td><td>Iran (Cao nguy\u00ean Trung t\u00e2m)<\/td><td>~20\u201330 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/td><td>Sa m\u1ea1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n; bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn<\/td><td>Sa m\u1ea1c mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn; c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i v\u00f2m mu\u1ed1i<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Sahara v\u00e0 Taklamakan ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1t\/\u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u01b0a th\u1edbt. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Namib v\u00e0 Atacama l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd (b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9; th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 welwitschia \u1edf Namib; vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi khu\u1ea9n lam \u1edf Atacama). Kavir, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c mu\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u00f2 s\u00e1t sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau: Sahara v\u00e0 Kavir th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng xe 4x4; Namib c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng du l\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1, khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i) do di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o Atacama v\u00e0 Turfan cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. C\u1ea3 n\u0103m v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia: Sahara (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tassili n'Ajjer, Ahaggar), Namib (C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Namib-Naukluft), Atacama (nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t), Taklamakan (Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia C\u1ed5ng Ng\u1ecdc), Kavir (C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia, Khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu: Namib m\u00e1t h\u01a1n do ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng; Atacama v\u00e0 Kavir c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1nh; Sahara n\u00f3ng quanh n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng du l\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u00eca Sahara (c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch kh\u1eafp Maghreb), Namib (c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chuy\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c safari) v\u00e0 T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p), k\u00e9m h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u1edf c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Iran (\u00edt d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u2013 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0: <em>\"sa m\u1ea1c\"<\/em> Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t h\u00ecnh sao \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1, m\u1ed7i sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0y h\u01a1n sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y theo s\u1edf th\u00edch: nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia th\u00edch Namib v\u00e0 Atacama v\u00ec v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00edch Taklamakan; ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Kavir; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn sa m\u1ea1c mu\u1ed1n chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Sahara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 sa m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \"tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i\", nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 <strong>sa m\u1ea1c h\u00f3a<\/strong> \u2013 S\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c. Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng sa m\u1ea1c Sahara th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn sa m\u1ea1c Sahara m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. <em>t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 10%<\/em> T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 Iran: ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu h\u1eb9p di\u1ec7n t\u00edch sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng cao l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh t\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a IPCC (2021) c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trung b\u00ecnh. \u1ede Atacama, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a hi\u1ebfm hoi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt\/\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111ang sinh t\u1ed3n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede Sahara, nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a l\u1edbn b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadn l\u0169 l\u1ee5t n\u0103m 2020 \u1edf Libya) \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng, g\u00e2y ra l\u0169 qu\u00e9t t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eeba t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1eeba do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra. \u1ede Kavir c\u1ee7a Iran, c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t di chuy\u1ec3n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 (truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Rig-e Jenn \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb ma \u00e1m). C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t (c\u00e2y h\u1ed3 tr\u0103n, c\u00e2y me) v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3. \"Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng sa m\u1ea1c\" c\u1ee7a Iran t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau gi\u1ebfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c v\u00e0nh \u0111ai ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 \u1edf r\u00eca c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Namibia ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n r\u00eca sa m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c. UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n sa m\u1ea1c (NamibRand, Kavir, v.v.) v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m qanat c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0). IUCN c\u1ee7a... <em>C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng sa m\u1ea1c h\u00f3a<\/em> (UNCCD) \u0111ang h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 gia s\u00fac b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o cheetah \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kavir \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 theo d\u00f5i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sa m\u1ea1c h\u00f3a, khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u2013 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1, t\u00e0n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3: ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i du m\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh k\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia sa m\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea9m nang du l\u1ecbch sa m\u1ea1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a, an to\u00e0n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i su\u00f4n s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00f9a \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t theo t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara:<\/strong> <em>M\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 10\u2013th\u00e1ng 11)<\/em> and <em>m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 3-th\u00e1ng 4)<\/em>. Temperatures 25\u201330\u00b0C by day. Summer is exceptionally hot (>45\u00b0C) and unsafe without proper gear; winter nights can freeze (pack warm layers).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Namib:<\/strong> M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o (th\u00e1ng 5-9) l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t: ng\u00e0y m\u00e1t m\u1ebb (20-25\u00b0C) v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u (th\u00e1ng 11-4) c\u00f3 gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u (nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 n\u1eafng). S\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n quanh n\u0103m. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u00eam t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Atacama:<\/strong> <em>M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 9\u2013th\u00e1ng 11)<\/em> and <em>m\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 3\u2013th\u00e1ng 5)<\/em>Ban ng\u00e0y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201325\u00b0C, ban \u0111\u00eam m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m (th\u00e1ng 12\u2013th\u00e1ng 2) v\u1eabn kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t (\u0111\u00eam tr\u1eddi quang \u0111\u00e3ng r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean v\u0103n), nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 6\u2013th\u00e1ng 8) \u0111\u00eam r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ng\u1eafm hoa n\u1edf (sau nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Taklamakan:<\/strong> <em>Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ed9t<\/em> Th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn: th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, \u00edt b\u00e3o c\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ea7u m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 4-5) c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9). M\u00f9a h\u00e8 r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e3o b\u1ee5i; m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn -20\u00b0C).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dasht-e Kavir:<\/strong> <em>M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 3\u2013th\u00e1ng 5)<\/em> and <em>m\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 10\u2013th\u00e1ng 11)<\/em>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean chung v\u1ec1 sa m\u1ea1c Iran. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y \u00f4n h\u00f2a, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu; cho ph\u00e9p tham quan c\u1ea3 Kavir v\u00e0 Lut n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 6-th\u00e1ng 8) nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 50\u00b0C \u1edf Kavir (kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n). V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea5u \u0111i n\u1ebfu m\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n mang theo \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc (3-4 l\u00edt\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/ng\u00e0y) v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i\/b\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu: m\u0169 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0nh, kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 SPF cao, k\u00ednh r\u00e2m ch\u1ed1ng tia UV (c\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh). Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o d\u00e0i tay, r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i gi\u00fap che ch\u1eafn kh\u1ecfi n\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00e1t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong> Sa m\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n; GPS, la b\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m Taklamakan ho\u1eb7c Kavir), n\u00ean mang theo \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec7 tinh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb xe:<\/strong> H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u00f3 l\u1ed1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 (x\u1ebbng, d\u00e2y k\u00e9o). Gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1ed1p khi \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t. Mang theo b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu l\u00e1i xe m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. \u1ede Sahara v\u00e0 Namib, r\u1eafn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn h\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 b\u1ecd c\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t; h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p qua \u0111\u00eam. \u1ede Kavir v\u00e0 Atacama, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 r\u1eafn l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 r\u1eafn h\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c. Gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c voi. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c chim \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u0103n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Sa m\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba sinh s\u1ed1ng (Tuareg, Himba, Uyghur, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0). Lu\u00f4n xin ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m linh thi\u00eang (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng), h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 mua c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u00e2y ch\u00e0 l\u00e0, h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1eb9o ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sa m\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u2013 h\u00e3y nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh\/ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a kh\u00e1 g\u1eaft; h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh l\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> H\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3i mu\u1ed1i (nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111a gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Kavir) t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/strong> C\u00e1t l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00fai k\u00edn, thay \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u00e2m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Mang theo loa che n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f3a s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh sao, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng l\u00e2u (20\u201330 gi\u00e2y). Ch\u1ee5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng RAW \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. Mang theo pin d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m pin nhanh h\u1ebft h\u01a1n). C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 Stellarium c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Du l\u1ecbch sa m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft:<\/strong> Thu gom h\u1ebft r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh. Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30 cm, c\u00e1ch xa ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Di t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eady l\u00ean tranh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1. H\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m (nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n n\u01a1i l\u00e0m t\u1ed5. \u1ede Namib ho\u1eb7c Kavir, h\u00e3y \u0111i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>An to\u00e0n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n qu\u1ef9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0o?<\/strong><br>A: C\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau b\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u00ean\u2014Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara (ch\u00e2u Phi), Namib (Namibia), Atacama (Chile\/Peru), Taklamakan (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 Dasht-e Kavir (Iran)\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh quan ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh. M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0 c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. C\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u00dac, v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nam Hoa K\u1ef3 (Mojave) v\u00e0 Gobi, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: Sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t?<\/strong><br>A: Sa m\u1ea1c Atacama \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1edf Atacama ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ghi nh\u1eadn m\u01b0a trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Sahara hay Lut. (Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Nam C\u1ef1c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t). <em>trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em> (Sa m\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao sa m\u1ea1c Sahara l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o?<\/strong><br>A: Sa m\u1ea1c Sahara n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c n\u00f3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (kho\u1ea3ng 9 tri\u1ec7u km\u00b2) v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea3nh quan n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t erg Chebbi mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o mu\u1ed1i. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o (kho\u1ea3ng 90 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Tuareg, Berber, Bedouin) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi qua h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. Sahara c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 phong ph\u00fa (ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1 Tassili) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \"sa m\u1ea1c\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho sa m\u1ea1c Namib tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t?<\/strong><br>A: Sa m\u1ea1c Namib \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong kho\u1ea3ng 55-80 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m), t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c ven bi\u1ec3n duy nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a th\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Sossusvlei v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm \u1edf B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n X\u01b0\u01a1ng khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. H\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Welwitschia v\u00e0 b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng \u01b0a s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 Taklamakan \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a?<\/strong><br>A: Bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Taklamakan \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a ph\u1ea3i chia th\u00e0nh hai tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng (\u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 ba quan tr\u1ecdng n\u01a1i hai tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Sa m\u1ea1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a (c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Astana) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Taklamakan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 du l\u1ecbch an to\u00e0n \u1edf Sa m\u1ea1c Mu\u1ed1i L\u1edbn (Dasht-e Kavir) c\u1ee7a Iran kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>A: V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9. Dasht-e Kavir ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham quan th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Kashan ho\u1eb7c Tehran. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Kavir b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c tour qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Kavir (kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Iran), nh\u01b0ng thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7n \u2013 n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i sa m\u1ea1c?<\/strong><br>A: Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng (m\u0169, kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng, k\u00ednh r\u00e2m), nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u1ecfng nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u1ea5m khi tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u00e1o kho\u00e1c \u1ea5m cho ban \u0111\u00eam, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i \u1ee7ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e0y k\u00edn m\u0169i t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00e8n pin\/\u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu \u0111i du l\u1ecbch v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh: c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u, GPS ho\u1eb7c la b\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebb nh\u1edb v\u00e0 pin (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m pin nhanh h\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch sa m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>A: Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch uy t\u00edn, c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch sa m\u1ea1c nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00e1 an to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 mang theo \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, say n\u1eafng, b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t ho\u1eb7c g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi tham quan sa m\u1ea1c?<\/strong><br>A: H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \"Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft\": mang theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp (\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu), v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 (quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb xa). Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c mang \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. H\u00e3y \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u01b0u tr\u00fa v\u00e0 tour du l\u1ecbch th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat phong t\u1ee5c\/ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sa m\u1ea1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang v\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, sa m\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. B\u00ean kia nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n l\u00e0 quang c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u00ecnh y\u00ean tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi thu h\u00fat c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang ta du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi oi b\u1ee9c. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5244,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-910","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-unusual-places","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/910\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}