{"id":841,"date":"2024-08-05T18:41:07","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T18:41:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=841"},"modified":"2026-02-27T02:16:55","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T02:16:55","slug":"thanh-pho-da-mat-pompeii-co-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/history-destinations\/the-lost-city-ancient-pompeii\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u2013 Pompeii c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a Pompeii n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean nang th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Vesuvius ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7: c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, b\u00edch h\u1ecda, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 La M\u00e3 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00f4 song v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y 2.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n qu\u00e9t qua m\u00e1y x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c \u00e1nh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n La M\u00e3 - nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 - \u0111ang ch\u1edd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u201cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mang l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Pompei - tr\u01b0\u1edbc Rome<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Pompeii quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft s\u01a1 khai. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Italic b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Oscans \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t theo th\u1eddi gian th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00ean Oscan Root Pompe c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cn\u0103m\u201d). V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7-6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Doric \u0111\u1ebfn Apollo (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y) \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Pompeii. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 chu vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Etruscans - c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Rome - \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Campania, v\u00e0 Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Etruscan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 474 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean khi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p t\u1eeb Cumae \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Etruscans trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Samnite xung quanh (c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean n\u00fai li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Rome) \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Pompeii v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 424\u2013423 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Samnite, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Italic ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c Oscan, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Etruscan. Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Pompeii s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Rome. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 \u2014 hay b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u2014 c\u0169 h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh Pompeii. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn n\u00f3i l\u00ean 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n La M\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pompeii d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 89 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra y\u00eau s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Pompeii. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u01b0\u1edbng Sulla bao v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 Rome \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh Colonia Cornelia Veneria Pompeianorum. C\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch La M\u00e3. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u01b0\u1eddn nho v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00f9m \u00f4 liu \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, trong khi c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Sarnus k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. S\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1: nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng, th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng; c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn; v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang trang nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng m\u1ecdc l\u00ean. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00f3t b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jupiter v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i (trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 kinh doanh v\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n. Tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 80\u201370 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Hai nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 neo gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Pompeii: m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi cho phim truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kho\u1ea3ng 55 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Odeon nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u00e0nh cho \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u1eafm l\u1edbn \u1edf Stabian, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00f3i quen h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Pompeii. N\u00f4 l\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 xa hoa (Domus) t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u00e0n kh\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1: v\u00e0o n\u0103m 62 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Campania, l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pompeian \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gia c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1eb9o v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi - ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/The-Lost-City-Ancient-Pompeii-11.jpg\" alt=\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t - Pompeii c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\" title=\"The-Lost-City-Ancient-Pompeii-11\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf Pompei c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 10\u201320.000 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m phun tr\u00e0o. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Patrician ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu nh\u01b0 Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Faun, v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m Alexander n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, hay Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Vettii, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phong ph\u00fa b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. D\u00e2n gian s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u0103n h\u1ed9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n h\u01a1n b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng. Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd x\u00f4n xao v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1: th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n b\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, garum (n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm), b\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u1ee3; Porters Carted Amphorae; Graffiti tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/strong>: Pompeii ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng (tabernae) v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng. G\u00f3c ph\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 thao <em>Thermopolia<\/em> (Qu\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nhanh) n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u1ea5y b\u1eefa \u0103n nhanh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2 g\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh (c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00e1nh m\u00ec \u0111en than v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7y). Th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n, th\u1ee3 nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 Fullers l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y; M\u1ed9t th\u1ecfi ch\u00ec c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 62 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia t\u1eeb Pompeii, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong>: Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Pompeii l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi. V\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Apollo (c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ba Capitoline (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva) trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Ai C\u1eadp Isis (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o \u00dd b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1) \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ch\u1ee3. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd Laarium nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tinh th\u1ea7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Venus (\u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh qua di Nola), t\u00f4n vinh m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n y\u00eau qu\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ri\u00eang cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (n\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ~ 20.000) v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i trong c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim, n\u01a1i d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 phim h\u00e0i Hy L\u1ea1p. B\u1ed3n t\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 giao l\u01b0u: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n trong l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u01b0\u1edbt \u00e1t. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo l\u1ecbch La M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i; Graffiti tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9c thi xe ng\u1ef1a ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Vi\u1ebft<\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda minh h\u1ecda th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, phong c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3u tranh treo t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Pompeian. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Vettii th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ebbm, graffiti ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Pompeii: h\u01a1n 11.000 ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (\u201cb\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho HILARUS!\u201d) \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u00ed d\u1ecfm v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tay. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ngu\u1ec7ch ngo\u1ea1c n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pompeian b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng - ch\u1ee7 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Pompeii v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Campanian \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00f4n xao v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u \u00f4 liu nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Via Dell\u2019Abbondanza (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh). Ca kh\u00fac c\u1ee7a xe ng\u1ef1a, gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i s\u1ebd quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. B\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng - cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00fai Vesuvius phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o? (th\u00e1ng 8 so v\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 10)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ng\u00e0y phun tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n La M\u00e3 Pliny the Younger, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 <em>Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 79<\/em>. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Pompeiian l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00e1ng 8 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c manh m\u1ed1i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y x\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y graffiti than tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 17 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 79, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Latinh <em>\u201cNonis OctoBribus\u201d<\/em> (5 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc Kalends c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 10) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u00f9a thu - nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb thu ho\u1ea1ch mu\u1ed9n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n xu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu - \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24\u201325 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2022. nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5, s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i khung th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Pliny c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/em> H\u1ecd l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00f9a thu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9a h\u00e8 ch\u00edn ch\u1eadm. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: Vesuvius th\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, bao tr\u00f9m Pompeii trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u00e0y trong tro ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00fai l\u1eeda hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i chia s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Vesuvius th\u00e0nh hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh trong kho\u1ea3ng 18\u201320 gi\u1edd, trong hai ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1<\/strong>: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u (24\/8 ho\u1eb7c 24\/10), m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tro b\u1ee5i b\u1eafn l\u00ean tr\u1eddi 10\u201320 km (<em>Plinian<\/em> phun tr\u00e0o). Trong kho\u1ea3ng 18 gi\u1edd, Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 tro t\u00e0n. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng: nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng, ch\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tro t\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2<\/strong>: S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a pyroclastic ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed, tro v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng. Hai ho\u1eb7c ba xung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o Pompeii, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n n\u00f3ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cacbon h\u00f3a h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ngh\u0129) m\u00e0 do s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed. Nhi\u1ec1u thi th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c tan r\u00e3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lo\u1ea1i phun tr\u00e0o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Pompeii?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vesuvius \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o Plinian c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y (sau Pliny the Younger) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y tro b\u1ee5i cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Vesuvius x\u1ebfp n\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi N\u00fai St. Helens (1980) v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng pyroclastic \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n pyroclastic ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 pyroclastic. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 dung nham nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Pompeii?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh tro r\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; S\u1ef1 ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1eadp m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong x\u1ea3y ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai: d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1t x\u1ea3y ra nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1. N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u00e0nh lang ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9m v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201cch\u00e1y\u201d (tro b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u00fang) m\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t - \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tr\u00ean 300 \u00b0 C - v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00ec th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Pliny nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n trong l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y (anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fa Pliny the Elder c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed quang \u0111\u00e3ng, n\u1eeda ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam c\u1ee7a Pompeii n\u1eb1m ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 6 m\u00e9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00fai l\u1eeda. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra kho\u1ea3ng 1.500 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n (truy\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng) \u1edf Pompeii; H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u1edf Pompeii (trong s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ~ 20.000). \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft: h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3 (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Pliny the Younger:<\/strong> Quy\u1ec3n 6 c\u1ee7a Pliny <em>B\u1ee9c th\u01b0<\/em> Cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb Misenum b\u00ean kia v\u1ecbnh, anh ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111en m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u201ctrong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng.\u201d Anh ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Pliny the Elder) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u1edd, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua do kh\u00f3i. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Pliny, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 im l\u1eb7ng - Pompeii b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngay sau v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Titus. Pliny \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Titus g\u1eedi vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee5c v\u1edbt. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129a trang b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n: C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tro l\u00e0m v\u1eefa, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf r\u00eca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 phai nh\u1ea1t. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i tro b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 La Civita nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. (k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng La M\u00e3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 <em>Tabula Peutingeriana<\/em> V\u1eabn c\u00f2n Marks Pompeii, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n g\u00ec m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c.) Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Vesuvius (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 472 v\u00e0 512 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i t\u00e0n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y dung nham m\u1edbi. thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean Pompeii trong 17 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. D\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0n t\u00edch Tufa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kho b\u00e1u th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111i lang thang, nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Pompeii v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/The-Lost-City-Ancient-Pompeii-10.webp\" alt=\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch Pompeii\" title=\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch Pompeii 10\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Pompeii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pompeii l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u00f9 m\u1edd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1592\u20131600, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Domenico Fontana (n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u00e1p \u1edf Rome) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc cho Naples. Trong khi c\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n Civita (\u0110\u1ed3i Pompeii), c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh. Fontana \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 cho v\u1ecb vua T\u00e2y Ban Nha c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. \u00cdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf t\u00fai c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1631 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n khu v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1709 khi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i Herculaneum (Ercolano) nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ed5. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, Vua Charles III c\u1ee7a Bourbon \u0111\u00e3 nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1738 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m (k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Karl Weber v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) \u0111\u1ec3 khai qu\u1eadt Herculaneum. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n - t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Villa of the Papyri - Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pompeii v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1748, Bourbons cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u201cCivita\u201d. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Rocque Joaqu\u00edn de Alcubierre c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Herculaneum. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1eeba b\u00e3i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn (sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 House of the Faun, v.v.) v\u00e0 r\u00eca ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1763, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ecdc \u201c<em>Rei Publicae Pompeianorum<\/em>\u201d\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Pompeii c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a <em>Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em>, khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i khai qu\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (1748\u20131799)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Pompeii, vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c. Vua Charles (Don Carlos) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Alcubierre \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng gia Naples. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1750\u20131764, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 Karl Jakob Weber \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Pompeii m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Weber, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1763, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Pompeii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a Papyri t\u1ea1i Herculaneum, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1750, ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y cacbon h\u00f3a. T\u1ea1i Pompeii, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (\u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng La M\u00e3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 80 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Pompeii. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi s\u00e0n ph\u00f2ng x\u1eed \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng qua Dell\u2019Abbondanza, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 mua s\u1eafm ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Bourbon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tham quan t\u00e0n t\u00edch, thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Pompeii b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, \u0111\u1ed1ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cao ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1800, Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n: c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Napol\u00e9on \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1799 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1815, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n (b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 700 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 trang web. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau; C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 song song \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu. nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed phong ph\u00fa <em>Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 bi k\u1ecbch<\/em> V\u00e0 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 <em>ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a faun<\/em> (v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ly k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u01b0 duy kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800. N\u0103m 1863, Giuseppe Fiorelli tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Pompeii. Anh ta kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u1eebng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. Fiorelli n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u <em>\u0111\u00fac to\u00e0n th\u00e2n<\/em> K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: Khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c thi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong tro b\u1ee5i, anh ta \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ea1ch cao v\u00e0o ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 th\u1ea1ch cao \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1m \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay. Fiorelli c\u0169ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t: Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ch\u00edn v\u00f9ng (<em>c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng<\/em>), kh\u1ed1i (<em>insulae<\/em>), v\u00e0 c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 - h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf Pompeii cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, t\u00ednh ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n (\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u00dd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Pompeii. Theodor Mommsen v\u00e0 Eduard Nissen \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; Winckelmann v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7t Pompeii trong t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng La M\u00e3. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, kho\u1ea3ng 2\/3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 <em>Bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/em> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda Bacchic b\u00ed \u1ea9n (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1909) v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a Menander (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Hy L\u1ea1p). N\u0103m 1873, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vettii, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 Freedman, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Pompeii: c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecd, b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh treo t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 - m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Vittorio Spinazzola (1911\u20131924) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0o d\u1ecdc theo Via Dell\u2019Abbondanza. Anh ta ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Amedeo Maiuri \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Pompeii (1924\u20131961). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Maiuri \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc La M\u00e3, l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Pompeii. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n ki\u00eang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t: v\u1ecf, b\u00e1nh m\u00ec, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e0 chua cacbon h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pompeii kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9 cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 - th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1943, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua khu v\u1ef1c (nh\u1ea7m n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1), g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb khai qu\u1eadt. Ga xe l\u1eeda, Casa dei Vettii, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 tung. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng C\u1ed5 v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p; Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1980, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (6,9 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 Richter) \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u1eadp m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Pompeii. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt 2\/3 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb phong h\u00f3a x\u1ea5u. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i: thay v\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/The-Lost-City-Ancient-Pompeii-7.jpg\" alt=\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t - Pompeii c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\" title=\"The-Lost-City-Ancient-Pompeii-7\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bao nhi\u00eau Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 66\u201375% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Pompeii b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y. Kho\u1ea3ng 2\/3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1748. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u1eabn bao ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i tro t\u00e0n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt. T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i? Ba l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh: ti\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i; M\u1ed9t khi m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Pompeii \u0111\u00f4i khi r\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u00f3i kho b\u00e1u\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khai qu\u1eadt. T\u1ea5m b\u1ea1t, m\u00e1i che v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef cho n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec3. UNESCO v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00dd hi\u1ec7n theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Pompeii kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 - m\u1ecdi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt v\u1eabn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Pompeii?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Pompeii kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c <em>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Pompeii tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/em> (2012\u20132020), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a EU, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e9t laser \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quy ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cao. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Regio V, khu ph\u1ed1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2020, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t: hai thi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 g\u1ea7n Civita (Regio V). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a anh ta, c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi th\u1ea3m trong l\u00fac cao tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Pompeii v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u0103m 2021, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Necropolis Porta Sarno: ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a <em>Marcus Venerius Secundio<\/em>, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u00e1i t\u00f3c v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn anh ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pompeian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef trong l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, mang l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Pompeii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Venus Pompeiana (nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Pompeii v\u00e0 Sanctuary of Venus) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Porta Ercolano. M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00e0o \u1edf Pompeii l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn s\u00e0ng t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i tro. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 qu\u00e9t laser, \u0111o quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Trong khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: <em>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Pompeii tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/em> C\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ebb h\u00f3a trang web v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edf. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, Pompeii v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c trang web ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a Pompeii \u2013 Herculaneum, Oplontis v\u00e0 Stabiae<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pompeii kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Vesuvius. Ba \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m La M\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Herculaneum<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ven bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (~ 5.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Pompeii, Herculaneum b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y pyroclastic d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, khi\u1ebfn tro ch\u1ec9 s\u00e2u 20\u201325 m\u00e9t. B\u00f9n n\u00f3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3 <em>Carbonized<\/em> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o, gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 l\u1ecd th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3i m\u00e0u t\u1eeb The Villa of the Papyri v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n La M\u00e3 n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1709, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Pompeii, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di t\u00edch h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ea1i Herculaneum - qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3i - cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Pompeii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Oplontis (Villa Poppaea)<\/strong>: Ph\u00eda nam Pompeii, t\u1ea1i Torre Annunziata hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Villa A ho\u1eb7c Villa Poppaea). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Augustan, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda, khu v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (60 \u00d7 17 m\u00e9t). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1700, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960-80. Bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Poppaea Sabina, v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Nero. Villa B g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (Villa c\u1ee7a Lucius Crassius) m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n bi th\u1ea3m: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y 54 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 - b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kho \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng. Cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Oplontis v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, th\u00eam chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Pompeii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stabiae<\/strong>: N\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn ra V\u1ecbnh Naples, Stabiae (Castellammare di Stabia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 ven bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1749 tr\u1edf \u0111i (m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa theo \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Bourbon) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra Villa San Marco v\u00e0 Villa Arianna, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng dinh th\u1ef1 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u0103n v\u00e0 Atria c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Pompeii. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Herculaneum, h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Stabiae \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cacbon h\u00f3a b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y pyroclastic, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n, Stabian Villas cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u bao quanh Pompeii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00e1c trang web ch\u1ecb em n\u00e0y bao quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Pompeian. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng Vesuvius theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng La M\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Pompeii, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng - m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Pompeii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Pompeii c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3ng 2 d\u1eb7m xung quanh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3: l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 cao, c\u00e1c ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc. B\u1ea3y c\u1ed5ng xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 d\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Porta Vesuvio, Porta Marina, Porta Nola, v.v.). Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c trang web n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n<\/strong>: Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt l\u1edbn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jupiter (Capitolium) \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c tr\u00f2n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec5n ra. Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt. Trong su\u1ed1t khu v\u1ef1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00e0n th\u1edd, c\u1ed9t porticos v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Macellum (T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Apollo<\/strong>: \u1ede ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m linh thi\u00eang l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Pompeii. B\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Doric c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Apollo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Hy L\u1ea1p th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Pompeii, v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t<\/strong>: Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim bi k\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec7n tranh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i, v\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed1p \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc Scaenae \u1edf h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Odeon nh\u1ecf (2.000 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c. Graffiti g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 bi k\u1ecbch th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o kh\u1ea3m \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e0n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>: \u1ede r\u00eca ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ~ 70\u201380 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129. \u0110\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh elip v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i hai t\u1ea7ng khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat l\u1edbn; N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 59 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (gi\u1eefa Pompeiians v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Nucerians) l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed La M\u00e3. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u01a1i c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm<\/strong>: Ba nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm l\u1edbn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm Stabian (c\u0169 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) bao g\u1ed3m Frigidarium, Tepidarium v\u00e0 Caldarium, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng gh\u00e9p tranh v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng thay \u0111\u1ed3. \u1ede ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm l\u1edbn (b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c palaestrae \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Triumvis<\/strong>: C\u00e1ch xa trung t\u00e2m, Pompeii c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ec1n Venus (gi\u1eefa 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ecdc theo Via di Nola, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi N\u1eef th\u1ea7n T\u00ecnh y\u00eau. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Fortuna Augusta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. Tr\u00ean Acropolis c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Sao M\u1ed9c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n - m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Sao M\u1ed9c ngo\u00e0i Trung t\u00e2m Capitolium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1<\/strong>: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Pompeii v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u00f3i m\u1eaft ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Faun (Regio VI, Insula I, 2) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Faun \u0111ang nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed3ng. Atrium b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn Peristyle c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng kh\u1ea3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i (Mosaic Alexander m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf). Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Vettii (Ins. I, 1) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn khi\u00eau d\u00e2m; N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Freedmen, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0o trang tr\u00ed. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Menander (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang l\u1edbn. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 dinh th\u1ef1 n\u00e0y thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Pompeian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Pompeii l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 La M\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c: \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Civic, ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, ti\u1ec7m b\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129 (x\u01b0\u1edfng kinh doanh) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n - t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd cay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Pompeii v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111i tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/The-Lost-City-Ancient-Pompeii-6.jpg\" alt=\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t - Pompeii c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\" title=\"The-Lost-City-Ancient-Pompeii-6\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac - nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc bi k\u1ecbch b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Pompeii l\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch cao b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 c\u1ee7a Giuseppe Fiorelli \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng thi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng (khu\u00f4n r\u1ed7ng) trong tro c\u1ee9ng. Fiorelli \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ea1ch cao c\u1ee7a Paris v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1c n\u00e0y; Sau khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tro, l\u1edbp th\u1ea1ch cao l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a The Eruption. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u00f4m ch\u1eb7t hai \u0111\u1ee9a con, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda v\u1edbi c\u00e1nh tay m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng r\u00ean r\u1ec9 - m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a thay v\u00ec th\u1ea1ch cao (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n), v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p CT cho ph\u00e9p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean trong. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb ph\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c d\u00e0n di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng bao g\u1ed3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u201cThe Fugitives\u201d g\u1ea7n Villa of Mysteries v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y 13 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Garden of the Fugitives (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1913). M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb n\u00e9m l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf Pompeii. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: C\u00e1c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Lu\u1eadt di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00e0 bi k\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 \u1edf Pompeii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u1edf Pompeii?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, Pompeii v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng gia d\u1ee5ng: \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, x\u00fac x\u1eafc ch\u01a1i game, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u \u0103n. Trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, b\u1ebfp s\u1eaft v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. \u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed7 (\u0111\u1ecf) v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u \u0103n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y - v\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi than c\u1ee7i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00ean trong, g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00edch h\u1ecda<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u1eddng Pompeian tr\u00e0n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Frescoes v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trang tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng: phong c\u1ea3nh trompe-l\u2019\u0153il, khung c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, quang c\u1ea3nh khu v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 hoa v\u0103n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Kh\u1ea3m bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng (T\u1ea5m kh\u1ea3m Alexander trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Faun l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t). M\u00e1y x\u00fac c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb9p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>graffiti v\u00e0 ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc<\/strong>: H\u01a1n 11.000 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng Survive - m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ghi ch\u00fa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 10 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 graffiti) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y phun tr\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cacbon h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Pompeii. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u1ea7u \u00f4 liu trong l\u1ecd, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 \u00f3c ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu l\u0103ng trong b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a. H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, h\u1ed1 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y h\u1ea1t l\u1ef1u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec cacbon (panis militaris) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>kho b\u00e1u<\/strong>: C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng mang l\u1ea1i t\u00edch tr\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 (\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng Ercolano\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018) mang theo 20 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c; M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc r\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t trang tr\u1ea1i mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi Vesuvius \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pompeian \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Graffiti v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o<\/strong>: Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cXvi K Nov\u201d b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Villa of the Mysteries (t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2018). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 10 (ng\u00e0y m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc Kalends c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 11), n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1eb9n h\u00f2, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 b\u1ecb x\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3. T\u1eeb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9. Khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m), m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a t\u1ea1i Pompeii s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ebfn th\u0103m Pompeii h\u00f4m nay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00f3, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Pompeii<\/strong> - v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Trang web b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 <em>Parco Archeologico di Pompei<\/em>, m\u1ed9t Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO (c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Herculaneum v\u00e0 Torre Annunziata). N\u00f3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang quanh n\u0103m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Pompei hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (ch\u00fa th\u00edch) n\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0o qua c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan ch\u00ednh: V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd, Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Pompeii (B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng). V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n - t\u1eeb qu\u1ea7y bar \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00f4i th\u1ea1ch cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Pompeii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 66 ha (163 m\u1eabu Anh), du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u (\u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n toa xe), v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 xem b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (m\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 2021 sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Naples, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 Pompeii nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 tranh kh\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Pompeii, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn mang nh\u1eefng \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o graffiti b\u1eb1ng graffiti), c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u0169 <em>Tabernae<\/em>, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Faun, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafm m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Vesuvius t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng UNESCO c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i\u201d c\u1ee7a Pompeii - kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng cho di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Pompeii hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00dd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. N\u00f3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi bao g\u1ed3m khu ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, ph\u00f2ng v\u00e9 \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf Pompeii\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cPh\u00eda sau h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng: N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u201d). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tour du l\u1ecbch \u1ea3o v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i du l\u1ecbch. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn Pompeii ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n - kh\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 n\u01a1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1eb1m, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean cao, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a Pompeii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pompeii l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Fiorelli, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a Giuseppe Belzoni v\u00e0 Luigi Varoli, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu cho kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng La M\u00e3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta - \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Pompeii l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c tranh, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 phim (t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 nh\u01b0 Corot \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft <em>Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Pompeii<\/em> v\u00e0 s\u1eed thi Hollywood gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20). Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \"Pompeian Red\" ho\u1eb7c <em>\u201cVilla Rustica\u201d<\/em> n\u1ee3 trang web n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt La M\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Pompeian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, Pompeii l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 thi\u00ean tai. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Vesuvius v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean - v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y - v\u1eabn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p cho 3 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Naples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Pompeii \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch m\u00f2n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecfng manh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch b\u00f9n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a trang web h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, Pompeii ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u00f9ng v\u0129 - m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean tai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o, m\u1ecdi b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Pompeii. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i, h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 mong manh v\u00e0 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao Pompeii v\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pompeii ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc; N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean im l\u1eb7ng, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. Qua nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng, Pompeii n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng: c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tro c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, Pompeii nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch - n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Pompeii, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. Ng\u00e0y nay, khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea1ch cao, h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Vesuvius. Gi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Pompeii - kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u trong tro v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c - \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Pompei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pompeii c\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pompeii c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n <em>Pompei<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 cho du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pompeian n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u00ec?<\/strong> Ti\u1ebfng Latinh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n La M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Pompeii. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Oscan (m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef in nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ti\u1ebfng Latinh chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf Pompeii kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Pompeii l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc (nh\u01b0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Marcus Venerius Secundio, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u n\u00f4 l\u1ec7) cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng. Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong gi\u1edbi tinh hoa bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pompeii c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Pompeii bao quanh kho\u1ea3ng 66 ha (163 m\u1eabu Anh). B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y kho\u1ea3ng 2 d\u1eb7m (3 km) xung quanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao Pompeii c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a 10.000\u201320.000 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n La M\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i - \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd b\u1edfi Naples g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Pompeii?<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft trong ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o, khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 tro v\u00e0 kh\u00ed n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c do nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, tro b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 s\u1eadp m\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong x\u1ea3y ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n pyroclastic c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c ph\u00f4i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> Sau khi phun tr\u00e0o, c\u00e1c thi th\u1ec3 \u1edf Pompeii b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c r\u1ed7ng trong tro c\u1ee9ng. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1860, Giuseppe Fiorelli \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u01a1m th\u1ea1ch cao v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. Sau khi th\u1ea1ch cao c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a epoxy cho ph\u00f4i, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t CT. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u201cnh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Pompeii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra Pompeii?<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Domenico Fontana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1n trong khi \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Fontana gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. Pompeii ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Charles c\u1ee7a Bourbon v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1748. M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1763 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 Pompeii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bao nhi\u00eau Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt?<\/strong> Kho\u1ea3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 200 trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 1300 insulae (kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111ang m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 xem. Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u00fd ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch m\u1edbi m\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Pompeii v\u00e0 Herculaneum l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> C\u1ea3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi Vesuvius v\u00e0o n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau. Pompeii \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1edfi tro v\u00e0 lapilli (nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu), l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo. Herculaneum, g\u1ea7n n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u01a1n, b\u1ecb va ch\u1ea1m b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y pyroclastic l\u1ecfng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u00f9n s\u00e2u. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cacbon h\u00f3a n\u00e0y (d\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3i, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m) t\u1ea1i Herculaneum, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Herculaneum nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, trong khi Pompeii l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pompeii v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 khai qu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 La M\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi - \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1edbi tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00edch h\u1ecda, nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb Sulla \u0111\u1ebfn Fiorelli \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 2.800 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Pompeii, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ea5p Oscan v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p, th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y Vesuvius phun tr\u00e0o. M\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda, d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 sung chi ti\u1ebft: c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 graffiti-s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u1ebfn bay cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea9u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Pompeian. Trong di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Pompeii, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh bi th\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3674,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-841","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-history-destinations","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=841"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}