{"id":748,"date":"2024-08-05T12:46:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T12:46:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=748"},"modified":"2026-02-27T10:48:27","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T10:48:27","slug":"khu-bao-ton-thien-nhien-lon-nhat-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/tourist-attractions\/the-largest-nature-reserve-in-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>R\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u01a1i tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam nh\u01b0 Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea. M\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 xa x\u00f4i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 1.900 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc t\u1eeb qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawaii ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Sapphire c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean 1,5 tri\u1ec7u km\u00b2 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (582.578 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng) - m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u01a1i h\u01a1n 7.000 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a di t\u00edch trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Hawaii: n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh ra thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Hawaii Papa (M\u1eb9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 W\u0101kea (Cha b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi), Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chim nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. N\u0103m 2006, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Bush tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Hawaii l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia bi\u1ec3n; T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Obama \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016. N\u0103m 2010 UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a di t\u00edch theo c\u1ea3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2025 NOAA ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea. D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khai th\u00e1c kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 EEZ, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ea8n m\u00ecnh trong khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u01b0\u1eddn san h\u00f4 ng\u1eadp n\u1eafng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i, l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u1edd s\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 Mesophotic (30\u2013150 m) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. L\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u NOAA (\u0111\u1ebfn 2.700 m) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i. Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ecdi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u00e3i c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean: c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n chim bi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 bao ph\u1ee7 kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n chim, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n. <strong>Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 - 3,5 tri\u1ec7u m\u1eabu r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 (kho\u1ea3ng 70% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i) n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y<\/strong><strong> - n\u01a1i c\u00e1 m\u1eadp v\u00e0 trevally kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1eabn tu\u1ea7n tra.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Khu v\u1ef1c:<\/strong> ~ 1.508.870 km\u00b2 (582.578 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng) - bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> UNESCO h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \/ v\u0103n h\u00f3a) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc NWHI (1909); T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2006; m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 2016; Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> ~ 7.000 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n (25% \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu); \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chim bi\u1ec3n ~ 14 tri\u1ec7u (22 lo\u00e0i) l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Laysan v\u00e0 chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u ch\u00e2n \u0111en.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flagship:<\/strong> Hawaiian monk seal (critically endangered), Laysan duck (globally rare), green sea turtles, and seabird rookery with >99% of world\u2019s Laysan albatross.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du l\u1ecbch n\u00f3i chung. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean Hawaii b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh theo gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. T\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng quan \u0111a c\u01a1 quan (NOAA, Fish &amp; Wildlife, c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Hawaii) v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng thu th\u1eadp qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch khoa h\u1ecdc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c l\u1eb7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><cite>Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec3u Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea: V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea n\u1eb1m \u1edf B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3.000 d\u1eb7m. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawaii ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc (Nihoa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Kure), m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 1.900 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Kaua\u2018i. Ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111i theo v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 xung quanh c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y (trong kho\u1ea3ng 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd). M\u1ecdi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 trong chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y - t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Kure th\u1ea5p \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc qua Midway, Laysan, Lisianski, Pearl &amp; Hermes, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i c\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u khu tr\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn Nihoa v\u00e0 Mokumanamana - n\u1eb1m trong di t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 1.508.870 km\u00b2. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Peru ho\u1eb7c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch (km\u00b2)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea (M\u1ef9)<\/td><td>1,508,870<\/td><td>Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Greenland NP (\u0110an M\u1ea1ch)<\/td><td>972,000<\/td><td>V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 Great Barrier (\u00dac)<\/td><td>348,000<\/td><td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng - t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<br>\u2013 <strong>1909:<\/strong> Theodore Roosevelt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i c\u1ea1n khinh h\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (\u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc NWHI \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean).<br>\u2013 <strong>2006:<\/strong> T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Bush ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Hawaii l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia bi\u1ec3n.<br>\u2013 <strong>2010:<\/strong> UNESCO ghi Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<br>\u2013 <strong>2016:<\/strong> T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Obama m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh MPA l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<br>\u2013 <strong>2025:<\/strong> NOAA ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 18 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i ni\u1ec1m tin: Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Kho\u1ea3ng 1\/4 trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 7.000 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang c\u00e1, h\u01a1n 20% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. Coral Endemism v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 40%, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 s\u00e2u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a NOAA \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh cao duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Caribe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Kho\u1ea3ng 3,5 tri\u1ec7u m\u1eabu r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea - kho\u1ea3ng 70% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1 m\u1eadp chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi; Nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 s\u0103n m\u1ed3i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 con chim kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ef1 do, gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc (100\u2013450 ft) \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c khu tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng xa x\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi c\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu (bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm v\u00e0 c\u00e1 voi) l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1 s\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n do nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec9nh hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a NOAA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 san h\u00f4 m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ec9a s\u00e2u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngay c\u1ea3 sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a NOAA cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1ea3o ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c video l\u1eb7n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Hohonu Moana cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u1ea3nh quay NOAA ROV n\u0103m 2016 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 650\u20134.300 m. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn l\u1eb7n \u1ea3o n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u ma qu\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 m\u1eadp r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0.<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hawaii b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc Hawaii: Papa-h\u0101nau-moku-\u0101kea c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cPapa n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.\u201d Trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, M\u1eb9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t Papa v\u00e0 Cha b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi W\u0101kea \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawaii. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hawaii b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba t\u00f4n vinh Pah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 K\u016bpuna (L\u00e3o t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean) c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a gia ph\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o trong di t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Wahi Pana (n\u01a1i linh thi\u00eang). Tr\u00ean Nihoa v\u00e0 Mokumanamana, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m heiau (\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd ti\u1ec1n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u - c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m linh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n Hawaii v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vang v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf xa nh\u01b0 Tahiti). Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Polynesia. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m nghi l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc ca n\u00f4 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng H\u014dk\u016blea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Hawaii \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, h\u1ed3i sinh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>K\u0101naka \u02bb\u014diwi (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hawaii b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Hawaii v\u1ec1 Malama \u0101ina (ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea5t \/ c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3n) b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o K\u016bpuna c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta - kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta chinh ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c\u201d. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn khung \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a di t\u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Hawaii v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c.<\/p><cite>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a NOAA, NOAA Fisheries, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Hawaii Dlnr v\u00e0 V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Hawaii \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c. Ngay c\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c t\u00e0u NOAA tu\u1ea7n tra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4, trong khi c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan c\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 bay qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n chim bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh Sanctuary 2025 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam kinh ph\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a chim bi\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 san h\u00f4, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n - S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 tinh, xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n - theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. C\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00edch \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Gi\u1ea3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n (h\u00f3a s\u01b0 v\u00e0 r\u00f9a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9c \u0103n gia s\u00fac g\u1ea7n d\u00e2y c\u00e2u). Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a NOAA \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n - \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 bi\u1ec3n. M\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng qua khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0y.<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u: Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Hawaii h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u (ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea3nh) v\u00e0 Trevally kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u01a1i qua r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Kure \u1edf Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea. H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u s\u01b0 nguy c\u1ea5p (Monachus schauinslandi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea che ch\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Con d\u1ea5u nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Hawaii l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: kho\u1ea3ng 1.400 con h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ~ 1.500 con h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chu\u1ed9t con hi\u1ec7n nay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n hoang v\u1eafng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 \u1edf xa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u1ecbt Laysan c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nguy c\u1ea5p (Anas laysanensis) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Niho Finch. R\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n (xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, di\u1ec1u h\u00e2u v\u00e0 da) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1t l\u00e0m n\u01a1i l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ban \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau \u0111\u00e0n chim bi\u1ec3n. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 14 tri\u1ec7u con chim bi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Laysan v\u00e0 chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u ch\u00e2n \u0111en tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Wisdom, m\u1ed9t con chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u Laysan h\u01a1n 70 tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Midway \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i g\u00e0 con v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n - m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng cho s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n chim n\u00e0y b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 c\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1eeb b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ch\u00ednh r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. R\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau khi c\u00e1 m\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1 m\u1eadp r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tu\u1ea7n tra v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, qu\u00e9t qua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n t\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Trevally, c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb r\u0103ng ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1 marlin th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt n\u01a1i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh m\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng bao quanh \u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawaii ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Di t\u00edch Qu\u1ed1c gia Bi\u1ec3n Hoa K\u1ef3 (2006) v\u00e0 Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c gia (2025), n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hawaii thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t?<\/strong> v\u00e2ng. V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 582.578 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng (1,5 tri\u1ec7u km\u00b2), Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u1edbn h\u01a1n khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo. N\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Hawaii, l\u00e0m l\u00f9n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3?<\/strong> H\u01a1n 7.000 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i di t\u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 150 lo\u00e0i san h\u00f4, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4, 22 lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n (14 tri\u1ec7u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3), r\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Hawai\u2018i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cao. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hawaii b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u00ea, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (kh\u00f4ng neo \u0111\u1eadu, thu gom ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a?<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hawaii b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba coi Pah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 linh thi\u00eang. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hawaii, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (Papa v\u00e0 W\u0101kea), ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a gia ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean Nihoa v\u00e0 Mokumanamana l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nghi l\u1ec5 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hawaii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ai qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i?<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa NOAA (c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1), D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 C\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 Hoa K\u1ef3, Bang Hawaii v\u00e0 V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Hawaii. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean bang, ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m?<\/strong> V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1, khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u trong di t\u00edch. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u c\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3?<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9) khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 m\u00f9a sinh s\u1ea3n cao \u0111i\u1ec3m. Chim bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 t\u1eeb m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu, v\u00e0 c\u00e1 voi l\u01b0ng g\u00f9 di c\u01b0 qua m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n vinh di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 song, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Hawaii. L\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO v\u00e0 Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c gia Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cqu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n\u201d \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng nhau. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea \u0111\u1ec1u len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u1edf r\u1ed9 \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf d\u1ea1ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea, khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-748","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tourist-attractions","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=748"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/748\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}