{"id":63798,"date":"2025-09-23T10:19:57","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T10:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/?p=63798"},"modified":"2026-02-25T01:31:14","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T01:31:14","slug":"su-that-huong-dan-du-lich-bien-gioi-doc-dao-nhat-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/road-trips-scenic-drives\/most-unique-borders-worldwide-tourist-guide-facts\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch & S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1edd s\u00f4ng nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 men theo c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft ngang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y \u00fd qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u00f4ng Iguaz\u00fa \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Paran\u00e1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 80 m\u00e9t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u00e1c Iguazu n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Argentina-Brazil. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha\u2014La Raya c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u2014h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 du l\u1ecbch. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi men theo s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, trong khi nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u201cth\u00fa v\u1ecb\u201d nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng: n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 phong c\u1ea3nh h\u00f9ng v\u0129 (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chung gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia), s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t opera n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia), ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (m\u1ed9t khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng). \u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tin nhanh: bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi chung gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada (8.891 km), trong khi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i 85 m\u00e9t t\u1ea1i Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u2013 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u \u0110an M\u1ea1ch-Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n hay eo bi\u1ec3n Bosporus chia c\u1eaft ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u2013 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u theo m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u201d hay \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng: v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u2013 N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c gia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec9nh Everest \u2013 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t 8.848 m\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cao nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00f9ng Himalaya nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cN\u00fai Everest kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, m\u00e0 v\u1edbi Nepal \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng) \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc,\u201d \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Nepal-Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai \u1edf s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda nam thu\u1ed9c Nepal ho\u1eb7c s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean hai qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a Everest c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nam Col c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nepal (qua Thung l\u0169ng Khumbu) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t cao \u2013 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Nepal v\u00e0 thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sherpa. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ph\u00eda Trung Qu\u1ed1c (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda sau khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p. Du kh\u00e1ch hy v\u1ecdng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c leo n\u00fai t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Tr\u1ea1i C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Everest \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 hai gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p do Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5p (Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p Du l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p Du l\u1ecbch cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i). Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 8.000 m\u00e9t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Everest qua Nepal. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o Nepal b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n kia, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everest c\u0169ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nepal g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u00e0 Sagarm\u0101th\u0101 (\u201cM\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi\u201d) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qomolangma (\u201cN\u1eef th\u1ea7n M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d). Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u0103m 1960, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Trung Qu\u1ed1c Chu \u00c2n Lai g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nepal \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u201clu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest. N\u0103m 1961, Nepal v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Everest l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c leo n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec1u xoay quanh ranh gi\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Everest \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u2013 xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p leo n\u00fai, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a Nepal ho\u1eb7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bng\u1ecdn n\u00fai n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1c Iguazu \u2013 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u00f9ng v\u0129 gi\u1eefa Brazil v\u00e0 Argentina<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f2ng th\u00e1c Iguazu h\u00f9ng v\u0129 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Brazil v\u00e0 Argentina \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, s\u00f4ng Iguaz\u00fa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: sau khi u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 80 m\u00e9t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng cung th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng 2,7 km, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Foz do Igua\u00e7u c\u1ee7a Brazil v\u00e0 Puerto Iguaz\u00fa c\u1ee7a Argentina. UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1984, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: kho\u1ea3ng 275 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 bazan. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia. Ph\u00eda Argentina c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1ed9 l\u00e1t v\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m) nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7u treo ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00eda tr\u00ean Garganta del Diablo (\u201cH\u1ecdng Qu\u1ef7\u201d), th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc cao nh\u1ea5t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00eda Brazil l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau \u2013 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n th\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eafn tung t\u00f3e) \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u2013 nh\u01b0ng du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, ngay ph\u00eda h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ba n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i Paraguay, qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 ba, gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Brazil v\u00e0 Argentina g\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Parana. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh th\u00e1c Iguazu, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eb7p nhau trong khung c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u00f9ng v\u0129. C\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng v\u1eaft ngang m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t bao quanh c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \"kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1\" v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16; ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang thu h\u00fat h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t, \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n Zodiac v\u00e0o th\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng trong su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn ch\u1ea3y qua gi\u1eefa khung c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Gi\u1ed1c \u2013 N\u01a1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam giao thoa v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a hai qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. Th\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Gi\u1ed1c \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec1m Thi\u00ean n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Qu\u00e2y S\u01a1n, thu\u1ed9c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y \u2013 Cao B\u1eb1ng. Hai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc song song \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao 30 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1 bazan r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u2013 t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 300 m\u00e9t, khi\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n Gi\u1ed1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u00e1c n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u1eeda c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c Iguazu, th\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Gi\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ebbm n\u00fai t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 tre \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n th\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb: Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eaby tay ch\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u (v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i) khi thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i qua. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bxung \u0111\u1ed9t (tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970) nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n nay \u00edt b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc; tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 visa v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam (t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c H\u1ea1 Long, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9nh Cao B\u1eb1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fai Roraima \u2013 V\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ba m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Guiana xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9, n\u00fai Roraima s\u1eebng s\u1eefng canh gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau gi\u1eefa Venezuela, Brazil v\u00e0 Guyana. Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y (\"tepui\") chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: kho\u1ea3ng 5% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Roraima n\u1eb1m \u1edf Brazil, 10% \u1edf Guyana v\u00e0 85% \u1edf Venezuela. Nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n 400 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Roraima c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Atlas Obscura m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i tr\u1eafng\u2026 n\u01a1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Venezuela, Brazil v\u00e0 Guyana g\u1eb7p nhau\u201d. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Roraima (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Venezuela) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hai ch\u00e2n \u1edf ba qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. C\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu, khi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh sinh th\u00e1i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Roraima c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Venezuela (c\u00e1c tour kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Santa Elena de Uair\u00e9n, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean r\u1eebng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hai ng\u00e0y). Brazil v\u00e0 Guyana kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb qua Venezuela. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean ba qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eo bi\u1ec3n Gibraltar \u2013 N\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea1m nhau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \"kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u\", eo bi\u1ec3n Gibraltar t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y Ban Nha (v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i Gibraltar c\u1ee7a Anh) v\u00e0 Maroc. Ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 14 km \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 Hercules v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1 Gibraltar v\u00e0 Jebel Musa \u1edf ph\u00eda Maroc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u00e0 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qua eo bi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01a1i gan d\u1ea1 v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m). B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 Gibraltar l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quen thu\u1ed9c, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 l\u00e1 c\u1edd Anh v\u00e0 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con kh\u1ec9 \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i Barbary. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh: m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2021 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Anh v\u00e0 Morocco \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa Gibraltar v\u00e0 Tangiers, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \"b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng\" - tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c \u2013 Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera \u2013 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh. B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Maroc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1934, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t eo \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 85 m\u00e9t. \u0110\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Maroc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Do \u0111\u00f3, Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00e1 c\u1edd T\u00e2y Ban Nha tung bay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y Ban Nha-Maroc ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 thong th\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u kia ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2013 Canada \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 8.891 km. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u0103ng qua r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3, t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng qua v\u00f9ng Ng\u0169 H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7\u201d \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n d\u1ecdc theo h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edf. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i quan l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 11\/9, c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t an ninh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n tra v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ecdc theo bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. N\u00f3 chia c\u1eaft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac (New England, Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3, T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang d\u00e3. Akwesasne, m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Mohawk, n\u1eb1m v\u1eaft ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau gi\u1eefa bang New York v\u00e0 Quebec. T\u1ea1i Akwesasne v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xung quanh, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i b\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda kh\u00e1c \u1edf Canada. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn, \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i bowling) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac\u201d. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n bar trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd gi\u1edbi nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u bang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1edd quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a NAFTA (v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 USMCA) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb NEXUS. \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1eaft ch\u00f3 \u0111i d\u1ea1o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tu\u1ea7n tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Argentina\u2013Chile \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t Nam M\u1ef9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 5.300 km d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ec9nh d\u00e3y Andes, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Chile-Argentina l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Atacama kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua 50 \u0111\u00e8o n\u00fai, xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 Patagonia, \u0111\u1ebfn Tierra del Fuego. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1eaft ngang qua c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 b\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Andes \u2013 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean n\u0103m 1904 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8o n\u00fai cao (Uspallata \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 3.832 m) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 gi\u1eefa Chile v\u00e0 Argentina. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Chile v\u00e0 Argentina ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean d\u00e3y Andes. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e8o Paso Los Libertadores (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Santiago-Mendoza) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8o Cardenal Samore (g\u1ea7n Bariloche). Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c \u0111oan bao g\u1ed3m V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Alberto de Agostini \u1edf Tierra del Fuego, n\u01a1i ngay c\u1ea3 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf Diomedes c\u0169ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng). Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe t\u1eeb b\u00ean n\u00e0y sang b\u00ean kia t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Phong c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a hai qu\u1ed1c gia thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi: nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft, h\u1ed3 b\u0103ng v\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes, trong khi m\u1ed9t khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c (ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft \u2013 Khi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi chia l\u00eca cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Baarle-Nassau \/ Baarle-Hertog \u2013 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf Baarle thu\u1ed9c H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 B\u1ec9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m l\u1ecdt gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y 22 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m l\u1ecdt trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 7 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan n\u1eb1m l\u1ecdt trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa B\u1ec9 v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Lan nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1ea1o b\u1ed9, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn ra. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1eaft ngang qua c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1, trang tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u1edf Baarle c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng \u0103n n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi; th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda B\u1ec9 sang ph\u00eda H\u00e0 Lan l\u00fac 10 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0y nay, hai qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n hi\u1ebfm khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (c\u1ea3 B\u1ec9 v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c Schengen). Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed7 xe, b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 B\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Baarle ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia \"tour tham quan v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\" \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o quanh c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, Baarle l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc qua m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1ch s\u01a1n tr\u00ean v\u1ec9a h\u00e8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Haskell Free \u2013 T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Opera Haskell \u1edf Derby Line (Vermont, Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 Stanstead (Qu\u00e9bec, Canada). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1904 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n\/nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t opera n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd: m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m \u1edf Canada, trong khi l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Kh\u00e1ch tham quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem s\u00e1ch \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u1edf qu\u1ed1c gia kia \u2013 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi trong nh\u00e0. Trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1edf; \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o ph\u00eda Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o Canada b\u00ean trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 11\/9, an ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Canada, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ghi r\u00f5: \u201cC\u01b0 d\u00e2n Canada c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qua h\u1ea3i quan M\u1ef9\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2023, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Canada \u2013 th\u1ebb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra qua c\u1eeda ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng gian b\u00ean trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n. S\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c giao h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c!), v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Derby Line th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbc qua khung c\u1eeda, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf hai qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Haskell l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \"c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft\" th\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n h\u00f3a chung, bi\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Haskell b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Haskell tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Vermont b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda ph\u00eda M\u1ef9; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 ph\u00eda sau v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh th\u1ebb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ea3i quan M\u1ef9. (Tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ebb th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh.) V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ebb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n (mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Canada. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o qua ph\u00eda M\u1ef9, qu\u00e9t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Haskell l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2013 Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean \u2013 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 S\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (DMZ)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (DMZ) d\u00e0i 240 km gi\u1eefa Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1953 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t Chi\u1ebfn tranh Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, DMZ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng 4 km ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mang t\u00ean \"phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1\", nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e3i m\u00ecn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecdc theo ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn binh s\u0129 tu\u1ea7n tra d\u1ecdc theo tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ebb t\u1ebb, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecdc theo ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ph\u00eda Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o, h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m g\u00e1c; H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 san ph\u1eb3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Nam ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (DMZ) theo tour c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Panmunjom t\u1ea1i Khu An ninh Chung ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t). H\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh: nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng hoang v\u1eafng nh\u01b0 Kij\u014fng-dong b\u00ean kia bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi loa ph\u00f3ng thanh tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t c\u1edd kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u1edd cao v\u00fat trong \"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ed9t c\u1edd\"), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u0103ng r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t t\u1eebng n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi \"H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o s\u1ed1 27\" ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i hai \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n t\u1eebng giao tranh. An ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t: b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1eafn, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean kia, l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. N\u0103m 2018, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chung h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00ecn kh\u1ecfi Khu v\u1ef1c An ninh Chung, l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean hy v\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u1eeb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai v\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba Lan-Ukraine \u2013 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ba Lan-Ukraine t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh r\u00eca ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a EU. Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 535 km qua v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n tr\u1eadp tr\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 t\u1eebng chia c\u1eaft Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 NATO). Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ukraine v\u1edbi hai qu\u1ed1c gia EU (Ba Lan v\u00e0 Slovakia \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i y\u00ean t\u0129nh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 m\u1edf v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qua l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y: m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Ba Lan gieo h\u1ea1t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng theo h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u1eafc ngang bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1eeb tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t \"d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng\" m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea3y sang Ukraine. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb: c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p di c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01a1i qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4. Khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Przemy\u015bl c\u1ee7a Ba Lan c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ukraine c\u1ee7a Nga n\u0103m 2022, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh van an to\u00e0n cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2022, h\u01a1n 2,3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng 1,42 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o Ba Lan. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Medyka\u2013Shehyni v\u00e0 Korczowa\u2013Krakovets \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bl\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c. Ba Lan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 (nh\u00e0 \u1edf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, v.v.). Bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng Ba Lan c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Ukraine, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ba Lan-Ukraine ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng chia c\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n xe c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y: b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m 1982 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Jaros\u0142aw Koziara, l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch \u0111en xanh v\u00e0 hoa d\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng, tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi, ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 - Trung Qu\u1ed1c - Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng cao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede d\u00e3y Himalaya gi\u1eefa \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed7i c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010, ba con \u0111\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e8o Nathu La \u1edf Sikkim (4.310 m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 sau 44 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong ba tr\u1ea1m giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hai \u0111\u00e8o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8o Shipkila \u1edf Himachal Pradesh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8o Lipulekh \u1edf Uttarakhand. Nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a Himalaya, n\u01a1i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n len v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, Nathu La c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng \u1edf ph\u00eda \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn \u1edf ph\u00eda Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a: \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1eedi len v\u00e0 g\u1ea1o sang T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, trong khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c cung c\u1ea5p len th\u00f4 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p n\u1ed9i tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Nathu La). Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 xem tr\u1ea1m g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Lipulekh hi\u1ec7n nay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 Shipkila k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean Himalaya kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Himalaya n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u0103m 1962, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ng\u1eafn khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e8o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch \u01b0a m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Kailash \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8o Nathu La, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 - Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c t\u1eebng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n tra, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y n\u00fai h\u00f9ng v\u0129 nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ranh gi\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 N\u01a1i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Haiti\u2013C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Hispaniola thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Caribe, nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y n\u00fai r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i \u1edf Haiti. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cBi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Haiti \u2013 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u1edf ph\u00eda Haiti l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3\u201d. \u1ede ph\u00eda Haiti (ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea3o), than c\u1ee7i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u1ea5u \u0103n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ede ph\u00eda Dominica (ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng), vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, r\u1eebng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u00eda C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a Haiti th\u00ec kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111en k\u1ecbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi sinh th\u00e1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf Haiti, n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00fai d\u1ecdc theo s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i \u1edf Haiti v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m than c\u1ee7i. Du kh\u00e1ch l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u2013 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f4ng Berlin v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Berlin x\u01b0a \u2013 V\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh \u1edf Berlin trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00eam c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. V\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Berlin r\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u cam d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n h\u01a1i natri c\u0169 k\u1ef9, trong khi T\u00e2y Berlin t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n LED. L\u00fd do mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: khi B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0110\u00f4ng Berlin th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n natri m\u00e0u cam ki\u1ec3u c\u0169 (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1edf kh\u1ed1i X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft), trong khi T\u00e2y Berlin s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n tr\u1eafng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. Theo t\u1edd The Guardian, \u0110\u00f4ng Berlin v\u1eabn gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng 30.000 chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00ed n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ranh gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh do phi h\u00e0nh gia Andr\u00e9 Kuipers c\u1ee7a ESA ch\u1ee5p t\u1eeb Tr\u1ea1m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y: C\u1ed5ng Brandenburg \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng natri c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd m\u1edd d\u1ea7n trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam tr\u1eddi quang \u0111\u00e3ng \u2013 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00e0nh \u0111ai ch\u1ebft\u201d \u2013 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Berlin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 N\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2u Phi \u2013 N\u01a1i b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede mi\u1ec1n nam ch\u00e2u Phi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n: Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana v\u00e0 Namibia. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kazungula tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Zambezi. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean b\u1edd l\u00e0 Zambia (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) v\u00e0 Botswana (ph\u00eda nam), trong khi Zimbabwe (ph\u00eda nam) v\u00e0 Namibia (d\u1ea3i Caprivi, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) n\u1eb1m r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tranh lu\u1eadn li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1m nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay Zambia v\u00e0 Botswana c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. N\u0103m 2007, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1edd s\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng 150 m\u00e9t n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Zambia v\u00e0 Botswana, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp nh\u1ea5t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. N\u0103m 2021, c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u Kazungula b\u1ed1n l\u00e0n xe m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Zambia v\u00e0 Botswana tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u1eafc qua \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o Zimbabwe hay Namibia, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Zimbabwe \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Zambia t\u1ea1i th\u00e1c Victoria (c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 30 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng), v\u00e0 Namibia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i Katima Mulilo (b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Zambezi sang Zambia). Nh\u01b0ng Kazungula l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb: n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe t\u1eeb Zambia sang Botswana qua c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Namibia \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 Zimbabwe \u1edf b\u00ean kia. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u2013 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1m thu ph\u00ed Zambia v\u00e0 v\u1eaby tay ch\u00e0o qu\u1ea7y h\u1ea3i quan Botswana, suy ng\u1eabm r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i m\u00e9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn hai qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m giao ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Slovakia\u2013\u00c1o\u2013Hungary \u2013 B\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ba qu\u1ed1c gia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Bratislava, Slovakia, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edf. T\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean r\u1eebng Szoborpark, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi ba chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf n\u1eb1m \u1edf ba qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t \u1edf Slovakia, m\u1ed9t \u1edf \u00c1o, m\u1ed9t \u1edf Hungary. \u0110i\u1ec3m giao ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y (v\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc nh\u1ecf) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u1edf trong qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong khi c\u00f9ng nhau d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y (nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c). \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch Bratislava kho\u1ea3ng 20 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat vui v\u1ebb \u2013 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u00e1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau \u1edf b\u00e0n, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c b\u00e0n v\u00e0 reo l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u201c\u0103n tr\u01b0a \u1edf ba qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac\u201d. C\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong EU \u2013 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u1ede g\u00f3c y\u00ean b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ch\u01a1i trong ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n \u2013 Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng chia r\u1ebd.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na Uy \u2013 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u2013 S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Scandinavia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Na Uy v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 1.600 km xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng v\u00e0 d\u00e3y n\u00fai r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Scandinavia. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Na Uy v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh sau khi li\u00ean minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1905, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u coi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1i xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft b\u0103ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Na Uy - Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i quan (lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n!). C\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ba n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u1eb1m xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, n\u01a1i Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Na Uy v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan g\u1eb7p nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1897) \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec3m giao ba n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, du kh\u00e1ch trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1 (\u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 ba ch\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft) \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ranh gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Na Uy - Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. C\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong Khu v\u1ef1c Schengen, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t cao: \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 (nh\u01b0 nai s\u1eebng t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 g\u1ea5u) t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ghi \"Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Na Uy\/Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n\", v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, thu\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u2013 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 La Raya, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12-13 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1297, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. (Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u1eabn \u201ch\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1200, sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm Algarve.) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Iberia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 1.214 km t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Minho \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Guadiana \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong Khu v\u1ef1c Schengen, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, La Raya v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a: c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi chia s\u1ebb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra Schengen l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i Sanl\u00facar de Guadiana (T\u00e2y Ban Nha) g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng Guadiana, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lao v\u00fat qua qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 720 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn Alcoutim (B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha) v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 80 km\/h. Sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd (do ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u00fai gi\u1edd) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ph\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \"T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bay t\u1eeb T\u00e2y Ban Nha sang B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha\" theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1p t\u1eeb T\u00e2y Ban Nha sang B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha kh\u00f4ng?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady. C\u00f4ng ty Limite Zero v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Sanl\u00facar de Guadiana c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Guadiana \u1edf Alcoutim, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch (c\u1ea7m h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean tay, v\u00ec B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung. Theo c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y lo li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u2013 Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c phi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u00f4ng Rio Grande b\u1eb1ng zipline trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean gi\u1eefa Mexico v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tin \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u00c1o sang Slovakia (nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng). Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00e0o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u1edf b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Iberia, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, \"zipline\" \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong gi\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd (\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t gi\u00e0y gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng?). Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m tra danh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1 ng\u1eafn (720m \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e1n si\u00eau d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, zipline hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng Danube, Rio Grande hay Mekong \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e0 phao Kazungula tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Zambezi, tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e0 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c con thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f9a gi\u1eefa Ceuta c\u1ee7a Maroc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha (tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n n\u1ed1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi), hay ph\u00e0 phao b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Brazil v\u00e0 Guyana t\u1ea1i Oiapoque-Vila, Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Oder-Neisse (Ba Lan-\u0110\u1ee9c), c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9-Bangladesh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n d\u1ecdc theo s\u00f4ng Naf. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m eo bi\u1ec3n Manche gi\u1eefa Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb: lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t b\u1edd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Paraguay-Brazil-Argentina, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n theo l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. \u1ede ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Argentina sang Brazil tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Iguazu ho\u1eb7c Parana. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Rhine gi\u1eefa Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c) ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t con d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t: khi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e0, c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed5i thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Theo m\u00f9a, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng xe c\u1ed9 (mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Alaska\/Canada, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n-Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e8o tr\u00ean n\u00fai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e8o cao l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Everest v\u00e0 d\u00e3y Himalaya (xem Nathu La, Lipulekh, Khunjerab), c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e8o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e8o Khyber (Pakistan\u2013Afghanistan), Khyber (t\u1eebng do Anh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o cao tr\u00ean d\u00e3y Alps nh\u01b0 Mont Blanc (Ph\u00e1p\u2013\u00dd) hay Brenner (\u00c1o\u2013\u00dd). D\u00e3y Andes c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u: b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8o Caracoles v\u00e0 Jama ch\u1ea1y xuy\u00ean qua Chile\u2013Argentina \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao Andes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00fai non \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e8o ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (nh\u01b0 Karakoram hay Himalaya) v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. \u1ede d\u00e3y Alps, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y sang qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chung. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf: s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng, b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y thung l\u0169ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zipline, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00fai cao b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e8o c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ea7n tra ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3i m\u00ecn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Armenia). Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ed3 h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c xe \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi cao ng\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du l\u1ecbch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u2013 L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn phi\u00eau l\u01b0u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho du l\u1ecbch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i qua c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p b\u1ed5 sung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111a n\u0103ng<\/strong> (Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Haskell, khu nh\u00e0 Baarle): Vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o c\u1eeda th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ebb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Haskell t\u1eeb Canada.
\u2013 \u0110\u00e8o cao<\/strong> (Nathu La, Tr\u1ea1i C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Everest): Ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nepal y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p leo n\u00fai ho\u1eb7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Everest, trong khi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cGi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d. Nathu La (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 - Trung Qu\u1ed1c) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n.
\u2013 C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8o Lipulekh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Druze) \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. Du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c tham gia c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.
\u2013 Khu v\u1ef1c Schengen so v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i Schengen<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 EU, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed1i Schengen sang m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed1i Schengen (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Na Uy\/Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2001, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Brexit v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u) s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eefu \u00edch bao g\u1ed3m: c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng, ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin visa t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng). Khi c\u00f3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e0, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (nh\u01b0 Tam B\u00e0n), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Lu\u00f4n mang theo gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f9a v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn phi\u00eau l\u01b0u xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u00fai v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong>N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean (Everest, d\u00e3y Alps, Kashmir, v.v.), cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a thu th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o cao b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m khi \u0111i l\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o gi\u1eefa Peru v\u00e0 Bolivia g\u1ea7n d\u00e3y Andes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn ngo\u00e0i m\u00f9a kh\u00f4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • M\u00f9a m\u01b0a so v\u1edbi m\u00f9a kh\u00f4<\/strong>\u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a (Th\u00e1c Iguazu, B\u1ea3n Gi\u1ed1c, Th\u00e1i Lan \u2013 Myanmar), m\u01b0a l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00e1c Iguazu \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 12 \u2013 th\u00e1ng 2), t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng v\u0129 nh\u1ea5t, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o h\u01a1n (m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9a thu) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c (Libya\u2013Ai C\u1eadp, Greenland\u2013Canada) c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu b\u0103ng qua eo bi\u1ec3n Gibraltar, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 \u1ea5m cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n b\u01a1i ng\u1eafn; c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0) s\u1ebd l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c (Na Uy\u2013Nga), c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00eam c\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea7u c\u1eed, t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Panmunjom (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n m\u00e1y bay g\u1ea7n eo bi\u1ec3n Bosphorus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f9a cao \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>\u0110\u00f4i khi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean v\u00e0o Bavaria hay Salzburg trong th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Oktoberfest c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Mexico-M\u1ef9 (Tijuana-San Diego) nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1eb9o l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tra c\u1ee9u t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, h\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, leo n\u00fai cao v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 tham quan th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u00edt h\u01a1n. Theo d\u00f5i tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ngo\u1ea1i giao. T\u00ednh th\u1eddi v\u1ee5, h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u xa x\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    An ninh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • khu v\u1ef1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf Kashmir, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1), ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ukraine). Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch; c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (LAC) gi\u1eefa \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u m\u1edf, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0a n\u1ed5. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi M\u1ef9 - Mexico c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n do L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tu\u1ea7n tra Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tu\u1ea7n tra. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong>Ngay c\u1ea3 khi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edf, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n b\u0103ng qua t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y sang qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i trong khu v\u1ef1c Schengen) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia. Trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng qua \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ghi, \u201cD\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u2013 Tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea3i quan ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/strong>R\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p qua r\u1eebng r\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c sa m\u1ea1c (tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu). Bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu ma t\u00fay \u0111\u00f4i khi x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00f9ng cao ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. H\u00e3y mang theo n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu b\u0103ng qua s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111eo \u00e1o phao ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9c).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/strong>Mang theo b\u1ea3n sao h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 visa. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i), c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. H\u00e3y bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, du l\u1ecbch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba h\u1ee3p l\u00fd: l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, nhi\u1ec1u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du kh\u00e1ch gh\u00e9 th\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n (T\u00e2y Sahara, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kuril, v.v.) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t du l\u1ecbch n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ma-r\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a ranh gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf T\u00e2y Sahara. T\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Himalaya (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1ea7n Nathu La \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i). Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf Sahara. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: b\u0103ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c tan ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y (Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc), bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n t\u1eebng xa x\u00f4i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed5ng sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadp\/Xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a EU. \u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o: nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i Gibraltar, ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng du l\u1ecbch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh lang B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Catalonia hay Scotland (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a) s\u1ebd v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. R\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n nay. Nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 tr\u1edf \u0111i). S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Nam T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 qua. Nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp (nh\u01b0 du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho th\u1ea5y, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n chia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Nam Sudan n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi v\u1edbi Sudan v\u00e0 Uganda. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tan bi\u1ebfn: trong Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng-T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c hay \u00c1o-Hungary) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Khu v\u1ef1c Schengen \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng ranh gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edd \u0111i khi c\u00e1c khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1-qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t di c\u01b0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Trong du l\u1ecbch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh Hadrian) hi\u1ec7n thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t; nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n m\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 - Pakistan) l\u1ea1i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c ch\u01b0a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kuril gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n). Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i giao ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Do \u0111\u00f3, du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n \u2013 ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o?<\/strong>
      K\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha (ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i g\u1ea7n Maroc). H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y do T\u00e2y Ban Nha n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Maroc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t eo \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 85 m\u00e9t. N\u0103m 1934, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh bi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t?<\/strong>
      Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada c\u00f3 chung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t, kho\u1ea3ng 8.891 km. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, xuy\u00ean qua r\u1eebng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \"kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7\" v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi d\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Kazakhstan, kho\u1ea3ng 7.600 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eb7p nhau?<\/strong>
      \u1ede mi\u1ec1n nam ch\u00e2u Phi, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kazungula \u1edf Zambia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. S\u00f4ng Zambezi gi\u00e1p ranh b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia: Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana v\u00e0 Namibia. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Namibia v\u00e0 Zimbabwe kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p nhau; hai c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u h\u1eb9p n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n b\u1ed1n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i Kazungula, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp Zambia v\u00e0 Botswana t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ba qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>
      \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m ba n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi g\u1eb7p nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 n\u00fai Roraima \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u1ee7a Venezuela, Brazil v\u00e0 Guyana h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau gi\u1eefa Slovakia, \u00c1o v\u00e0 Hungary v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Szobor. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1ed9t \u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m giao ba n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00eda b\u1eafc cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Na Uy, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia trong ba n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1ea5t?<\/strong>
      Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u2013 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00fai ho\u1eb7c r\u1eebng r\u1eadm c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, khe h\u1edf Darien hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Panama-Colombia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9-Pakistan \u1edf Kashmir b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t du l\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng (bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean), ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean t\u1eeb Nepal sang T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: S\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua v\u0103n h\u00f3a, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u1edf Morocco, m\u1ed7i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1edfi s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i; s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u01b0 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd (th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00fai non, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng) v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (chi\u1ebfn tranh, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o hay tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n: T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y? Ai \u0111i l\u1ea1i qua l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o d\u1ecdc theo n\u00f3? Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u2013 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong khi v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf hai ph\u00eda. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u: c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi du l\u1ecbch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ec3 du kh\u00e1ch t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111i b\u1ed9 trong h\u00e0nh lang th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean hai l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, hay chia s\u1ebb b\u00e0n \u0103n d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf ba qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, d\u00f9 mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, hy v\u1ecdng cu\u1ed1n c\u1ea9m nang n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i gia hay nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch \u01b0a m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean ch\u00fang.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest h\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Nepal v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa Vermont v\u00e0 Quebec l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng gian. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua sa m\u1ea1c, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m giao thoa ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n 40 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c Iguazu n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Argentina v\u00e0 Brazil hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi d\u00e0i 85 m\u00e9t gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Morocco t\u1ea1i Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n chia tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea3i quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u2013 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eb7p nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44,48,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-63798","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-road-trips-scenic-drives","8":"category-culture-heritage","9":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63798"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63798\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}