{"id":63739,"date":"2025-09-22T23:17:40","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T23:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/?p=63739"},"modified":"2026-02-25T01:29:53","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T01:29:53","slug":"mot-vong-quanh-cac-vi-quoc-gia-sealand-liberland-va-hon-the-nua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/unusual-places\/a-tour-of-micro-nations-sealand-liberland-and-beyond\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh vi qu\u1ed1c: Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh \u1edf Harwich, n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1ea3y d\u1eb7m bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3. Tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng trong hai tu\u1ea7n \u2013 g\u1ed7, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 tin: m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i hoen g\u1ec9 t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u00e1p Roughs. N\u0103m 1967, m\u1ed9t doanh nh\u00e2n kinh doanh radio l\u1eadu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1 Paddy Roy Bates, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00f2a th\u00e1p ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cC\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Sealand\u201d \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. G\u1ea7n n\u1eeda v\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Danube, nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e9c V\u00edt Jedli\u010dka \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u0169 c\u00f3 r\u1eebng r\u1ed9ng 7 km\u00b2 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gornja Siga gi\u1eefa Croatia v\u00e0 Serbia l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a T\u1ef1 do Liberland\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u2013 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, vi qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp: m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd\u201d theo lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gh\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n: h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3, qu\u1ed1c ca, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, tem v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1edf th\u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu nh\u1ecf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \"C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Molossia\" \u1edf Nevada ho\u1eb7c C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Uzupis do ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u1edf Lithuania). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Hutt River tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf \u00dac (ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch l\u00faa m\u00ec) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 \"\u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Flandrensis\" (n\u00eau c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng). V\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u00e0ng Seborga c\u1ee7a \u00dd t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch (Key West, Florida) ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ly khai h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf v\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do - ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n theo lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Montevideo n\u0103m 1933 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c gia: d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Sealand ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u01b0 d\u00e2n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi). Liberland ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \"th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\" c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Croatia ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u00f9ng x\u00e1m \u2013 ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? C\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1edfi v\u00ec theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ghi nh\u1eadn \"h\u01a1n 50\" qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 195 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 Sealand, Liberland, Molossia (M\u1ef9), Seborga (\u00dd) v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch (M\u1ef9). Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Montevideo v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u bang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch. <em>H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Montevideo<\/em> (1933) \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d theo lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: <strong>(1) d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, (2) l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, (3) ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 (4) kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c<\/strong>V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng quanh n\u0103m, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Montevideo l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. <em>m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/em> Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. \"S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\" t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia non tr\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111i l\u1ea1i, v.v. MontanaroLegal l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Montevideo l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \"t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7\" \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Montevideo. <strong>D\u00e2n s\u1ed1:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. Sealand th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates \u2013 \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d theo l\u1eddi Michael Bates. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Liberland l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng <strong>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/strong> H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, v\u00ec Croatia c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. <strong>L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5:<\/strong> L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tranh ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Sealand l\u00e0 b\u1ec7 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1p Roughs (kho\u1ea3ng 550 m\u00b2). Liberland tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 7 km\u00b2 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng, n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Serbia v\u00e0 Croatia. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Utah \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, Bir Tawil \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \"v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7\" duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 2.060 km\u00b2 sa m\u1ea1c Sahara m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Sudan \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n). Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n, v.v.), nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Sealand c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \"gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u00e0ng gia\" cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Anh v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (Sealand tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh sau n\u0103m 1987, xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi). <strong>N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Liberland v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \"tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\" kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i Montevideo, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf. Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m ly khai \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ngay c\u1ea3 khi Jedli\u010dka c\u1ee7a Liberia \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbn), Croatia v\u00e0 Serbia \u0111\u1ec1u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Liberland l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u00eau kh\u00edch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 coi Sealand l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Anh (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi), v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Sealand. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebd h\u1edf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd: h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n trong m\u1eaft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Sealand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sealand-A-Tour-of-Micro-Nations-Sealand-Liberland-and-Beyond.webp\" alt=\"Sealand - M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa\" title=\"Sealand \u2013 M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sealand n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \"qu\u1ed1c gia\" Sealand n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t gi\u1eefa Bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc, c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh kho\u1ea3ng 11-13 km. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i HM Fort Roughs ho\u1eb7c Th\u00e1p Roughs, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Anh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai t\u00f2a th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t s\u00e0n th\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cabin v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh. T\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1987) n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa Suffolk v\u00e0 Essex. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m r\u1ea5t xa \u2013 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Sealand t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e0 hay tour du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean; c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Sealand tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Aaron Tlusty m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2019, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi Joe Hamill \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng Harwich l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng trong \u201chai tu\u1ea7n\u201d. Khi tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng, trong khi chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea7m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn ra ph\u00eda ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e1i, h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng hai t\u00f2a th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Sealand v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n ra trong t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft su\u1ed1t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 7 d\u1eb7m \u2013 \u201cnh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Hamill n\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt, nh\u01b0ng qua c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 cabin, ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ea5p b\u00e9 hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Sealand v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sealand ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1967 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1 Paddy Roy \u201cRoy\u201d Bates, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Anh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh l\u1eadu. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, Th\u00e1p Roughs b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf. V\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i 3 d\u1eb7m c\u1ee7a Anh th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e0n khoan n\u1eb1m ngay ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Bates chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Radio Essex, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kinh doanh ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng nh\u1ea1c pop ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1967, Bates ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef Th\u00e1p Roughs t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t thanh l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cC\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Sealand\u201d, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cHo\u00e0ng t\u1eed Roy\u201d. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t thanh \u2013 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1edbm ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, tem v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu cho qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bates \u0111\u00e3 phong cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh Sealand nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u1edd v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ca, v\u00e0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee3, con trai Michael v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i Penny l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 cho \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh l\u1eadu, Sealand \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates \u0111\u00e3 coi tr\u1ecdng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y: Roy t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Joan, v\u00e0 Michael \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999. Sau khi Roy qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2012, Michael (sinh n\u0103m 1952) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u201d, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Michael. Ng\u00e0y nay, Michael s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n (\u1edf Suffolk) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Sealand t\u1eeb xa, trong khi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh (nh\u01b0 Joe Hamill v\u00e0 Mike Barrington) chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1978 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a Sealand bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1978, m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ean l\u00e0 Alexander Achenbach \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Sealand \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t \u201cc\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c\u201d n\u00e0y. Achenbach m\u1eddi Roy Bates \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c mua Sealand, sau \u0111\u00f3 thu\u00ea l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u00ea chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i trong khi Bates v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Michael (con trai c\u1ee7a Roy) l\u00e0m con tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i ti\u1ec1n chu\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Michael Bates \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, b\u1eaft gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng t\u00ean l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u00ea. Khi Achenbach t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n, Bates \u0111\u00e3 giam gi\u1eef \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m. V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0110\u1ee9c can thi\u1ec7p: sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, Achenbach \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 Bates tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Sealand. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Anh ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Sealand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987, khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 3 l\u00ean 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd (22 km). Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u00e1p Roughs gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Anh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, Sealand thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf v\u1ee5 truy t\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1968 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng gia (v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef v\u0169 kh\u00ed) v\u1edbi l\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Anh. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103m 1987 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Sealand v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Anh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u00ean t\u00f2a m\u1edbi n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n ra. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Sealand nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2013 x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cdo con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Sealand, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Sealand \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c \"c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u1ea1i giao\" v\u00e0 (theo hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc) b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Sealand, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Sealand c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o. Ngay c\u1ea3 EU c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Sealand l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \"\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng\" kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Trong S\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c Guinness th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Sealand ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \"khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\". Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Sealand v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1eaft m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, tem \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m hay \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eadt?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c, Sealand \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ri\u00eang t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. N\u0103m 1975, Roy Bates gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p cho Sealand, v\u00e0 ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3, qu\u1ed1c ca, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu. \u00d4ng h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xoay quanh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Sealand \u2013 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 seri \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m. Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u1ea3o\u201d, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1997, gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu sau m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Sealand \u1edf H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. Tem v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n xu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m. Ng\u00e0y nay, ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 tem c\u1ee7a Sealand v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eady th\u00ec \u1edf Sealand c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7? R\u1ea5t \u00edt. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu nh\u1ecf, th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u cao su v\u00e0 th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Sealand\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tem b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Sealand c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Anh ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 tem b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh. Tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates b\u00e1n \u201cdanh hi\u1ec7u qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c\u201d \u1edf Sealand cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 phong cho ai \u0111\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cNam t\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u2013 nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c thi n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Sealand kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Sealand ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng; n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tour tham quan th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hay trung t\u00e2m du kh\u00e1ch. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u201d ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Sealand quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb C\u1ee5c N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Sealand. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u201cdu kh\u00e1ch\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tham quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb phong h\u00f3a nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 an to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i bi\u1ec3n. Bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a cho Sealand c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u nh\u1ecf di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. (Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tai n\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ea1i Sealand, nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u00e3o t\u1ed1.) V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, du kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Anh: k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi quy t\u1eafc 12 d\u1eb7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u1edf tr\u00ean Sealand v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Anh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Anh v\u1ec1 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a ai t\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Sealand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3:<\/strong> Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e0. Ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea t\u00e0u ri\u00eang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 du kh\u00e1ch \u01b0a m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ec1n du ngo\u1ea1n t\u1eeb Essex \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t gi\u00e0n khoan t\u1eeb xa. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn xem Sealand. Theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, Joe Hamill ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \"g\u1ecdi\" nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Harwich \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i nh\u1edd, t\u1ef1 tay khi\u00eang nh\u1eefng th\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Sealand l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ai \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd?<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7n nay, gi\u00e0n khoan th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo ca lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean hai tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd n\u1ea5u \u0103n, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a radio v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi n\u00e0y, Sealand c\u00f2n c\u00f3... <em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<\/em>Michael Bates s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb xa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \"c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\" th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng trong ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau khi Roy Bates qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2012, con trai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Michael (Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Michael c\u1ee7a Sealand) l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n. Michael, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1eeb n\u0103m 14 tu\u1ed5i, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Sealand v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates: h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 (tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a) \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb Anh. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, Sealand ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1n trang gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean AtlAstral g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i c\u1eadn v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0ng gia to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ngay t\u1ea1i ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 Joe Hamill gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng anh \u0111\u1ec1u treo c\u1edd Sealand v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; email duy nh\u1ea5t anh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Sealand, g\u1eedi cho anh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c danh s\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. V\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a anh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd th\u1ea3 anh xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng; hai tu\u1ea7n sau h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3n anh v\u1ec1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, Sealand \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua trang web ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (SealandGov.org). H\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf: gi\u00e0n khoan c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. H\u1ecd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \"bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\" c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 2 km xung quanh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Sealand ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n xin qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m th\u00eam th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Liberland<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/The-Story-of-Liberland-A-Tour-of-Micro-Nations-Sealand-Liberland-and-Beyond.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Liberland - M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\" title=\"C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Liberland \u2013 M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Liberland (Gornja Siga) n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u00e0 Liberland tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac u\u1ed1n cong c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Danube, thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Croatia, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mali Zdenci. Khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gornja Siga (ti\u1ebfng Croatia c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cB\u00e3i c\u00e1t tr\u00ean\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i tr\u00ean\u201d). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp l\u0169 r\u1ed9ng 7 km\u00b2 (700 ha) c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi r\u1eebng c\u00e2y th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa Croatia v\u00e0 Serbia: theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169, Croatia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Gornja Siga thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Serbia. Nh\u01b0ng Serbia l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn Gornja Siga n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Croatia. Trong s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gornja Siga \u2013 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Jedli\u010dka, m\u1ed9t \u201cterra nullius\u201d nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 (v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed: Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Mali Zdenci, Croatia, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3ng hay c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean Gornja Siga c\u1ea3. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ea3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i, h\u1eb9p, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eebng c\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi kh\u00fac u\u1ed1n cong h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef U c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Danube. N\u0103m 2007, m\u1ed9t phi h\u00e0nh gia tr\u00ean Tr\u1ea1m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISS) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh Gornja Siga; h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eebng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u00f4ng Danube ch\u1ea3y d\u1ecdc theo r\u00eca ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i b\u00f9n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Danube l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Serbia. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \"ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c\" kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec do tranh ch\u1ea5p. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Liberland \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Gornja Siga v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u0169 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Liberland v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a T\u1ef1 do Liberland \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2015 b\u1edfi V\u00edt Jedli\u010dka, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e9c. Jedli\u010dka \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh c\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Gornja Siga. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc terra nullius (v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7), \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 Croatia l\u1eabn Serbia \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedli\u010dka h\u00ecnh dung Liberland nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n, theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. L\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 Ludwig von Mises v\u00e0 Ayn Rand, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 do, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\u201d. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Liberland \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh thu\u1ebf th\u1ea5p, t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Jedli\u010dka \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c mua h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Liberland th\u00f4ng qua trang web ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedli\u010dka nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi: \u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ngo\u1ea1i giao, v.v., \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015. H\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng non tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y pha tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Liberland b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c token ri\u00eang (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 token \u201cMerit\u201d) v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang. H\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u201cqu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i\u201d d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2024 \u2013 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Liberland. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Liberland c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. Liberland ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. C\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Croatia g\u1ecdi Liberland l\u00e0 \"h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u00eau kh\u00edch\" v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Serbia b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111ang tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Serbia (tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Serbia ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3). Trong c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Croatia g\u1ecdi Liberland l\u00e0 \"m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 h\u1ec1\" c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u Liberland ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c (qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Jedli\u010dka) th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n khuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00ean t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u2013 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Croatia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Gornja Siga v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Croatia (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn), v\u00ec v\u1eady Croatia th\u1ef1c thi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Liberland kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi coi h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Liberland l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111i l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u1edbt l\u1edd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: trong khi Jedli\u010dka c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Liberland nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Liberland ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Liberland<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Liberland \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Liberland th\u00f4ng qua trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Jedli\u010dka v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 Liberland nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Liberland (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \"th\u1ebb h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Liberland\") cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2024, kho\u1ea3ng 735.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Liberland. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng 1.200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u201cch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a Liberland v\u1edbi th\u1ebb h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u1ecf (kho\u1ea3ng 20 \u0111\u00f4 la). Theo th\u1eddi gian, khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u01b0u vong c\u1ee7a Liberland \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng ph\u00ed c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2023, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10.000 \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu VIP c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Liberland ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201cc\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Jedli\u010dka t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Liberland m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Liberland c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, v.v.) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, Liberland th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u00e1n c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kinh doanh nh\u1ecf mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u2013 ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Liberland kh\u00f4ng? Ai ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c ra v\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Gornja Siga n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Croatia (Croatia thi h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Serbia \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tranh ch\u1ea5p. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u00e0 Liberland tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Croatia (ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh con s\u00f4ng) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Croatia \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eaft gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp V\u00edt Jedli\u010dka v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Croatia b\u1eaft gi\u1eef qua \u0111\u00eam sau khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng xe \u0111\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p theo lu\u1eadt Croatia. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng Croatia tu\u1ea7n tra b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho h\u1ecd \u0111i qua. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2023 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ebbn v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Croatia \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Croatia ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh (v\u00e0 Serbia c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o t\u1eeb ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o cho Liberland. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p qua \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Croatia. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i theo lu\u1eadt Croatia ho\u1eb7c Serbia v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Ireland, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Liberland m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb b\u1eaft qu\u1ea3 tang, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ec1n kayak, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn du l\u1ecbch. C\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m Liberland l\u00e0 t\u1eeb xa \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tham gia c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, mua \u0111\u1ed3ng xu l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m Liberland ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u2013 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang n\u0103m 2015, Liberland ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. N\u0103m 2024, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Liberland b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: h\u1ecd b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u USD ti\u1ec1n quy\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Bitcoin). H\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 thu nh\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 tri\u1ec7u USD t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2023, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu\u1ebf t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n b\u1edfi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Liberland \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2023, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Argentina (d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Javier Milei) v\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau. \u00d4ng Jedli\u010dka th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Argentina \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kinh doanh v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m \"du l\u1ecbch sinh con\" t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 (theo \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb em sinh ra \u1edf Argentina c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Liberland). Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Liberland \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2024 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bn\u00e0y, Liberland v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t xa v\u1eddi so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \"Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\" t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ebf) ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea: h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \"c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\" tr\u00ean internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n Croatia ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c coi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Liberland l\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2023, ch\u00ednh Jedli\u010dka \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Croatia trong 5 n\u0103m v\u00ec \"c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan\" li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Liberland. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2023), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Croatia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y tr\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Liberland l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u2013 c\u00f9ng l\u1eafm ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00fap l\u1ec1u g\u1ed7 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u201cc\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a Liberland \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f4ng coi \u2013 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gh\u00e9 th\u0103m: C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Micronations-You-Can-Actually-Visit-A-Tour-of-Micro-Nations-Sealand-Liberland-and-Beyond.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m - Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\" title=\"C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m \u2013 Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 Sealand v\u00e0 Liberland, c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gh\u00e9 th\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Molossia (Nevada, M\u1ef9):<\/strong> C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Molossia l\u00e0 vi qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t. Molossia chi\u1ebfm tr\u1ecdn ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n Reno, Nevada. \"T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng\" Kevin Baugh \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan (ch\u1ec9 theo l\u1ecbch h\u1eb9n) qua ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng ch\u1ed5i nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1edd. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch qua email, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do tham quan \"v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t\" r\u1ed9ng n\u1eeda m\u1eabu Anh c\u1ee7a Molossia trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u0111a ba gi\u1edd. Molossia c\u0169ng b\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 tem, ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \"tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn tranh\" ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Tham quan Molossia r\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch h\u1eb9n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Seborga (Liguria, \u00dd):<\/strong> Seborga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00fa v\u1ecb t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf xinh x\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u00dd. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u1edf \u00dd: mua qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m mang nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u201cSeborga\u201d, tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00e1c h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c cappuccino t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. (Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu hay th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i \u00dd). V\u00ec quy ch\u1ebf vi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Seborga ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch du l\u1ecbch, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m ch\u00ednh Seborga. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch du l\u1ecbch: ti\u1ec1n xu c\u1ee7a vi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch (Key West, Florida, Hoa K\u1ef3):<\/strong> V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Key West l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ly khai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tu\u1ea7n tra Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u du l\u1ecbch: b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u \u201cCh\u00e0o m\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch\u201d t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay Key West v\u00e0 \u00e1o ph\u00f4ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf Key West. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00ed nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh hay th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng vui nh\u1ed9n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb: Key West th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0103n b\u00e1nh r\u00e1n \u1ed1c bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam \u1edf Florida Keys \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a U\u017eupis (Vilnius, Litva):<\/strong> U\u017eupis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng \u1edf Vilnius, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \"tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\" v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 n\u0103m 1997. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1edd ri\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u1edf Vilnius. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o U\u017eupis (c\u00e1c \"c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u\" ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5ng v\u00f2m th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n), chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e9m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u may. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o v\u00ec Lithuania ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Pontinha (Madeira, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha):<\/strong> Pontinha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf (th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1) g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Funchal \u1edf Madeira. N\u0103m 1903, m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \"c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c\" khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u0129 quan B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t c\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Funchal: c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan k\u1ef3 th\u00fa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00ed nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh hay h\u1ea3i quan ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \"c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa\" \u0111\u00f4i khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n cho du kh\u00e1ch t\u00f2 m\u00f2. (H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c trong danh s\u00e1ch Atlas Obscura g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \"m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf\".) V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, Pontinha ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n: b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m ho\u1eb7c kayak \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o Piel (Cumbria, Anh):<\/strong> H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf v\u1ecbnh Morecambe t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c\u201d. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 t\u1ef1 phong m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vua c\u1ee7a Piel \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd trao v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n cho \u201cVua c\u1ee7a Piel\u201d b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y corroboree mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Piel b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea3o Walney g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t 2-3 gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i chi\u1ec1u. Vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o Piel (v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n) l\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u. (M\u1eb9o an to\u00e0n: lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, v\u00ec b\u00e3i c\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Naminara (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3o Nami l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quay phim truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c). T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006, ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Naminara\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u201ct\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i qua qu\u1ea7y l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea5u h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ednh bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng \u2013 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0 ng\u1eafn t\u1eeb Gapyeong. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Sealand (t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7)<\/strong> and <strong>Liberland (kh\u00f4ng tham quan)<\/strong> \u2013 Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Sealand v\u00e0 Liberland l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m: Sealand ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p, c\u00f2n Liberland ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng an ninh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea1n th\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng (ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Westarctica<\/strong> (V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Marie Byrd, Nam C\u1ef1c): Westarctica tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nam C\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n sinh s\u1ed1ng quanh n\u0103m. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Nam C\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u du l\u1ecbch) nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u201cWestarctica\u201d (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m theo hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc). Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Flanders<\/strong> (Nam C\u1ef1c): M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u0103m 2008. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Nam C\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 tham gia m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c tour du l\u1ecbch kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 vi qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3o Piel \u1edf tr\u00ean; \u201cAsgaard \u2013 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n\u201d (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ecm \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n); ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc Ladonia \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n (ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Lars Vilks tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y (c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vilks ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean qua), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1eb9o l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 vi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Quy\u1ec1n:<\/strong> H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n <em>th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/em> ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Molossia, b\u1ea1n <em>ph\u1ea3i<\/em> H\u00e3y g\u1eedi email cho ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Pontinha ho\u1eb7c Naminara, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xin ph\u00e9p g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c mua v\u00e9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00ean ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc thay v\u00ec l\u1ebbn v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tranh ch\u1ea5p. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn Sealand th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n Harwich gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf), h\u00e3y mang theo h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Liberland, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Croatia ho\u1eb7c Serbia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf t\u00f9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd:<\/strong> Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Sealand n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Anh \u2013 v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. Molossia n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nevada \u2013 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o (nh\u01b0 Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nam C\u1ef1c) v\u1eabn r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu nghi ng\u1edd, h\u00e3y cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Safety:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 hay b\u00e1c s\u0129. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u1edf C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Piel, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1t l\u00fan. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n leo n\u00fai \u1edf U\u017eupis, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb m\u00f3c t\u00fai (n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb). Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nghi th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 giao:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (c\u1edd, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, v.v.), ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u vui v\u1ebb tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh. H\u00e3y mua m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ecd \u2013 d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean gh\u00e9 th\u0103m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 sung)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trang web nh\u1ecf th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Saugeais (Ph\u00e1p):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, xung quanh Montbeno\u00eet, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \"n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\" v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m l\u00e0ng Saugeais nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh cho vui. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a T\u1ef1 do Liberland (b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng):<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi Liberland, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gh\u00e9 th\u0103m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3: b\u0103ng qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi sang c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Croatia nh\u01b0 Batina v\u00e0 tham quan s\u00f4ng Danube, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i sang ph\u00eda Serbia t\u1ea1i Bezdan v\u00e0 xem c\u00e1c \u00e2u thuy\u1ec1n. C\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng du l\u1ecbch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn tham quan \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c (chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 11):<\/strong> Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf Hutt River (\u00dac) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020. \u0110\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00dac; du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i trang tr\u1ea1i c\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ly khai. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Christiania (Copenhagen, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch):<\/strong> Khu ph\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n n\u00e0y (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Freetown Christiania) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Copenhagen m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang: du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1o quanh c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1, ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea h\u1eefu c\u01a1. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang (t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe \u0111\u1ea1p, c\u1ea5m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y b\u00e1n c\u1ea7n sa) nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \"qu\u1ed1c gia thu nh\u1ecf\" theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a (\u0110an M\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y), Christiania th\u01b0\u1eddng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y b\u1edfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ladonia (Kullaberg, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n):<\/strong> C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u1ea1i Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n Kullaberg \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Lars Vilks \"tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\" v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996 sau khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 \"c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\" \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i (\"Nimis\" v\u00e0 \"Arx\"). Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng), nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hay ph\u00ed n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \"\u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan\" \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch (Molossia, Saugeais, Seborga) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong v\u00f9ng (C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch, U\u017eupis, Christiania). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m ch\u00fang an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edf t\u1ea1i. Sealand v\u00e0 Liberland v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 doanh thu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Economics-Revenue-Models-A-Tour-of-Micro-Nations-Sealand-Liberland-and-Beyond.webp\" alt=\"Kinh t\u1ebf &amp; M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Doanh thu - Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa\" title=\"Kinh t\u1ebf &amp; M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Doanh thu \u2013 Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf trang tr\u1ea3i chi ph\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng qua... <strong>b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch<\/strong> thay v\u00ec thu\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m:<\/strong> Tem, ti\u1ec1n xu, ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00e1o ph\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Molossia v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \"ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\" b\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh b\u00e1n tem v\u00e0 b\u01b0u thi\u1ebfp. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Liberland \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n xu, tem phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 NFT (m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1) cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Sealand n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n \"danh hi\u1ec7u qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c\" v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng du l\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 quy\u00ean g\u00f3p:<\/strong> Micronations often rely on tourist fees or donations. Seborga sells coin replicas of its lira. Molossia\u2019s tours encourage visitors to shop at its weird gift shop. Hutt River used to sell admission stickers and stamps until 2020. Some micros host conventions or competitions (e.g. Conch Republic Days festival). Liberland calls what it raises \u201cDonations &amp; taxation\u201d \u2013 largely voluntary contributions from citizens \u2013 and reported about $1.5\u202fmillion in 2023 income from such sources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi blockchain. Liberland \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 g\u1ea7n 99% ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng Bitcoin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c B\u1eafc Sudan (m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean internet) t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i token ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u00ed kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh doanh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf Sealand \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Sealand \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn Sealand th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Freedonia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i Malaysia). Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ebfm khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i t\u00ednh ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. Molossia c\u00f3 g\u00f3i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1edbi \"\u0110\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7\". \u0110\u1ea3o Piel t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chuy\u1ebfn bay ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb Kirkby Lonsdale \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u0103ng quang c\u1ee7a \"vua\". \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 th\u00fa v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp kh\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Roy Bates \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Sealand. Jedli\u010dka \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho Liberland. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng coi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0... <em>s\u1edf th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/em>V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u00fai ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (tem, ti\u1ec1n xu, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cultural-Life-Inside-Micronations-A-Tour-of-Micro-Nations-Sealand-Liberland-and-Beyond.webp\" alt=\"\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf - Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\" title=\"\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf \u2013 Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. \"C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\" c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n:<\/strong> Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, <em>c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/em> R\u1ea5t \u00edt. Sealand ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean th\u00e1p. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Molossia v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng. Hutt River ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trang tr\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf \u00dac. Liberland hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 <em>s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng<\/em> c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 (v\u00ec Croatia ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 <em>quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/em>Molossia, Seborga, hay C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trang web c\u1ee7a \u201cB\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao\u201d Molossia li\u1ec7t k\u00ea h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n danh d\u1ef1 t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Molossia (th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u01a1n). Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra c\u1edd, huy hi\u1ec7u, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tem ri\u00eang. Sealand n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf \u0111en) v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c gia. Liberland c\u00f3 c\u1edd ba m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y-tr\u1eafng-v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c ca tr\u00ean YouTube. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra huy hi\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n xu. Molossia c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ri\u00eang (\u0111\u1ed3ng \u201cValora\u201d) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n xu k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng xu \u201cMerit\u201d c\u1ee7a Liberland, ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Gyal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ed1c ca, ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao qu\u1ed1c gia. Molossia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n Molossia\u201d v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, v\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00f3ng ch\u1ed5i\u201d tr\u00ean s\u00e2n b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5. Christiania t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Seborga c\u00f3 L\u1ec5 Th\u00e1nh Bernard (v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh. C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Sealand t\u1eebng \u201cban t\u1eb7ng\u201d t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 tem c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng gia. Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c c\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed (ngay c\u1ea3 khi v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a). Liberland \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 (nh\u01b0 \"\u0110\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7\" \u1edf Molossia, hay cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n n\u0103m 1999 gi\u1eefa Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Michael v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Sealand). C\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 trang web \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 k\u00eanh \"truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng\" c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a... <em>t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/em> \u1ede c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf (nh\u01b0 Molossia, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Conch), ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \"c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\" kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \"c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\" c\u1ee7a Liberland c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u t\u1eeb Prague ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng sau \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a vi qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vinh d\u1ef1 (danh hi\u1ec7u, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u2013 \u1edf Molossia, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t huy hi\u1ec7u danh d\u1ef1. Sealand n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c phong t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta (\u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \"danh hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7p s\u0129\").<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1edd, qu\u1ed1c ca v\u00e0 tem ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m. Tem c\u1ee7a Sealand ho\u1eb7c Hutt River c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean phong b\u00ec g\u1eedi cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean eBay, b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4 la. H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Liberland \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean th\u1ebb nh\u1ef1a, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ra th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. <em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7<\/em> Ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3 ra. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd du l\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i (b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Micronations-in-Media-Art-Activism-A-Tour-of-Micro-Nations-Sealand-Liberland-and-Beyond.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\" title=\"C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5, C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Hutt River v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u1eadt l\u00faa m\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u00dac. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebd h\u1edf trong lu\u1eadt th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh l\u1eadu Sealand m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t thanh. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Ladonia \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n (do ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Lars Vilks s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o) mang t\u00ednh ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm \u2013 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ladonia xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng khai h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Flandrensis v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Westarctica tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Nam C\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a B\u0103ng h\u00e0 Ba Lan (m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a Greenpeace) tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Patagonia c\u1ee7a Chile l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \"cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp\" qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft ki\u1ec3u Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea3o\/m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> Trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean internet, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Bitnation, m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u00f2m sao c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ea1ng\u201d d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 th\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u00fang gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ngay c\u1ea3 Wikipedia c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi Asgardia (m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng gian\u201d t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng coi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb. C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m kinh doanh v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Cond\u00e9 Nast Traveler \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Liberland nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o th\u00fa v\u1ecb (t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Jedli\u010dka) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. C\u00e1c podcast v\u00e0 phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Sealand ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Liberland. Nh\u00ecn chung, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Stratfor g\u1ecdi Liberland l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1\u201d v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. Khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c k\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ef1c \u0111oan ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm. Ch\u00fang kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac n\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ly khai. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea3o), \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u2013 d\u00f9 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i xem ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c k\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Recognition-Case-Studies-Legal-Analysis-A-Tour-of-Micro-Nations-Sealand-Liberland-and-Beyond.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn - Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\" title=\"C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u2013 Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng? Trong lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n: tham gia c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v.v. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y Sealand l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Roy Bates t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 ra chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u0103m 1978 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, \u0110\u1ee9c (v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c) ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Sealand. Sealand th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c Guinness, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Liberland li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay... <em>kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Khi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Liberland xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed lu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng: n\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Montevideo, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi <em>nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>Somaliland tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi Somalia n\u0103m 1991, c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \"qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng\" tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, Bir Tawil v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Bir Tawil, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u2013 minh h\u1ecda cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ly khai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Bangladesh t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Pakistan sau chi\u1ebfn tranh (v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn), ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 Israel (xung \u0111\u1ed9t sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i nh\u1ecf hay m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng). M\u1ecdi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Liberland \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Argentina c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Milei \u2013 nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau (Sealand v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9\u201d), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: <em>Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0o s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t vi qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ethics-International-Implications-A-Tour-of-Micro-Nations-Sealand-Liberland-and-Beyond.webp\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf - Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\" title=\"\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2013 Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Sealand, Liberland v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai? Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1ea3o). Nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 g\u00ec v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng: vi\u1ec7c gia nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c (ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i), t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn x\u00e9t x\u1eed. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh lu\u1eadt nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n: li\u1ec7u ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c b\u1ecf qu\u00ean. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan l\u00e0 \"V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Cardinalia\", m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Anh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i; nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu), n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho ph\u00e9p. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadt t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang m\u1edbi:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4i khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn (n\u1ebfu l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra?). \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0 duy h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea3o v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u201cch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n\u201d tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 Bitnation tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng blockchain cho qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt: ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u1ea3o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng theo d\u00f5i, khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 n\u00e0o \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia hay kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3... <strong>gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo d\u00f5i h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. H\u1ecd nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i (ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb con). T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p (r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, v.v.), trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh tay tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Sealand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 nh\u00ecn chung v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \"T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf, tr\u1eeb khi m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1ecfi &amp; \u0110\u00e1p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vi qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> Qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \"b\u1ea7u c\u1eed\", nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf?<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, <strong>tr\u00ean 50<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n (Sealand, Liberland, Molossia, v.v.) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Montevideo \u2013 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> B\u1ed1n ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Montevideo (d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i giao) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Sealand h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 Liberland kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. <strong>kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/strong>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Montevideo v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sealand n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eady?<\/strong> N\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n 11-13 km. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Roughs Tower, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u0169 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Suffolk\/Essex, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Sealand v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao?<\/strong> Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1 Paddy Roy Bates, m\u1ed9t doanh nh\u00e2n kinh doanh \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh l\u1eadu, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng radio ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t thanh l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, Bates \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Sealand v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sealand c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng. Sealand kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. N\u00f3 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e0n khoan ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i. Sau n\u00e0y, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m Sealand, v\u00ec v\u1eady Anh coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (\u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Sealand kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Sealand theo t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Sealand b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu\u00ea ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Joe Hamill). V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t an to\u00e0n, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00ecn chung an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh; r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n. B\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sealand c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, tem kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng <em>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/em>Sealand \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, tem v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m. Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u g\u1ecdi h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Sealand l\u00e0 \"h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u1ea3o\" v\u00e0 Sealand \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1ed3i ch\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997 gi\u1eefa b\u00ea b\u1ed1i. Ti\u1ec1n xu v\u00e0 tem c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Sealand n\u0103m 1978?<\/strong> N\u0103m 1978, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c (Alexander Achenbach) mang h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Sealand \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mua Sealand v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 thu\u00ea l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u00ea t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y trong khi Roy Bates \u0111ang \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Michael Bates, con trai c\u1ee7a Roy, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m con tin trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef ch\u00fang. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft sau khi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3 h\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Bates tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Sealand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Sealand sau khi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Khi V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987, Sealand n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Anh. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec Sealand l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e0n khoan nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean), n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Anh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia. Ng\u00e0y nay, Sealand t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n: gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Anh tr\u00ean gi\u00e0n khoan n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ai hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Sealand?<\/strong> Sau khi Roy Bates qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2012, con trai \u00f4ng, Michael, ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n. Michael \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cHo\u00e0ng t\u1eed Michael\u201d. \u00d4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a Roy th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Sealand v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Bates \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Liberland (Gornja Siga) n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c?<\/strong> L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Liberland l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u0169 r\u1ed9ng 7 km\u00b2 d\u1ecdc theo s\u00f4ng Danube. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean... <em>Ti\u1ebfng Croatia<\/em> N\u1eb1m b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, s\u00e1t l\u00e0ng Mali Zdenci. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 b\u00e3i c\u00e1t. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Croatia v\u00e0 Serbia tranh ch\u1ea5p trong th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1947 \u2013 c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Jedli\u010dka tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Liberland v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao?<\/strong> V\u00edt Jedli\u010dka, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e9c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Liberland v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2015. \u00d4ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00ec tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 (terra nullius). Jedli\u010dka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u00d4ng h\u00ecnh dung Liberland nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Liberland c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Liberland. C\u1ea3 Croatia v\u00e0 Serbia \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u00f3: Croatia g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \"h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u00eau kh\u00edch\" v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f2n Serbia g\u1ecdi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e9c c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Liberland ch\u01b0a thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Croatia v\u1eabn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c thi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, ph\u1edbt l\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Liberland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Liberland b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <strong>\u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong> Tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a Liberland, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n ti\u1ec1n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2024, kho\u1ea3ng 1.200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Jedli\u010dka c\u0169ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Gornja Siga trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Liberland ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Liberland kh\u00f4ng? Ai ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c ra v\u00e0o?<\/strong> Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, <em>KH\u00d4NG<\/em>\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Croatia ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111i qua. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 <strong>th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp<\/strong> v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Croatia coi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p theo lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Serbia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n \u1edf b\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Liberland m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Croatia (v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c Serbia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Liberland l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, Liberland t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do. Jedli\u010dka v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y. <em>ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/em>, flat or no taxes, and voluntary, digital-era governance. They aimed to use cryptocurrencies, issuing their own tokens (\u201cMerit\u201d), and accepting Bitcoin donations. Economically, Liberland\u2019s \u201cgovernment\u201d says it funds itself via voluntary taxation of investors and donors. By 2023 it reported about $1.5 million in revenue (primarily from donations) and virtually all reserves in Bitcoin. There\u2019s no real economy on Gornja Siga (no agriculture, no industry) \u2013 the model relies entirely on digital and remote activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd hay tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Liberland?<\/strong> V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Croatia v\u00e0 Serbia xung quanh s\u00f4ng Danube. C\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf Gornja Siga, v\u00ec v\u1eady Croatia (ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Danube) \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n Croatia \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Croatia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Liberland l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \"khi\u00eau kh\u00edch\" v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Serbia, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gornja Siga, ch\u01b0a can thi\u1ec7p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng coi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. X\u00e9t tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng, Liberland \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Croatia v\u00e0 Serbia, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Liberland kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf theo c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i Liberland (l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed):<\/strong> T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2024, Jedli\u010dka v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Liberland). Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (cho m\u1ed9t \u201cQu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i\u201d) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2024, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Argentina (l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed) sau khi Milei \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft. Liberland c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai (h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd b\u00e1n c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf Gornja Siga, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a Croatia (ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2023) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00ec v\u1eady hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Sealand v\u00e0 Liberland l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong> C\u1ea3 hai v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 <strong>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>Sealand th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1-2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi) sinh s\u1ed1ng. Liberland th\u00ec c\u00f3 <strong>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa<\/strong> Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u1edf Gornja Siga. C\u1ea3 hai vi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, Liberland tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1t n\u00fat l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00dac. <strong>C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Hutt River<\/strong>, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 <em>t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n<\/em> Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i gia nh\u1eadp \u00dac v\u00ec l\u00fd do thu\u1ebf. N\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia vi m\u00f4 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Nam \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u01b0u vong c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Quy t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Sealand \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i Liberland b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Danube, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp d\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 cho s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng \"t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh\", m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng bao g\u1ed3m Sealand (m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Anh) v\u00e0 Liberland (m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ed9ng 7 km\u00b2 tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Danube gi\u1eefa Croatia v\u00e0 Serbia). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Sealand \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1967 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh l\u1eadu Paddy Roy Bates; Liberland \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do V\u00edt Jedli\u010dka v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Du kh\u00e1ch quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia si\u00eau nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-63739","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-unusual-places","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63739"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63739\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}