{"id":63548,"date":"2025-11-23T09:06:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-23T09:06:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/?p=63548"},"modified":"2026-02-23T20:34:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T20:34:09","slug":"cac-tu-vien-tay-tang-huong-dan-day-du-cho-du-khach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/culture-heritage\/the-monasteries-of-tibet-complete-visitors-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. N\u1eb1m cao tr\u00ean d\u00e3y Himalaya, gompa (tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng) t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng - t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh: Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Potala\u2013Jokhang\u2013Norbulingka v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn; \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u1eeba l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1642; Samye (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8) l\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng; Tu vi\u1ec7n Sera \u1edf Lhasa v\u1eabn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tranh lu\u1eadn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Tashilhunpo \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ea9n th\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i \u1edf v\u00f9ng Everest. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111an xen l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1eb9o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c, ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tham quan c\u00e1c gompa linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n du k\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u201cPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y\u201d, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 qua \u201cnh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i c\u1edd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa m\u00e0u n\u00e2u s\u1eabm \u0111ang t\u1ee5ng kinh\u201d. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7, vua Songtsen Gampo \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb Nepal v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, gieo m\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m ho\u00e0ng gia T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngai v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Tsongkhapa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Tu vi\u1ec7n Ganden (1409) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Britannica ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cTsong-kha-pa\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Dga'-ldan, chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt tu vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u0169. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng Gelug (M\u0169 V\u00e0ng), d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. N\u0103m 1578, Altan Khan c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 phong t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma cho gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 Gelug, m\u1ed9t danh hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t Ma \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1642, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 G\u00fc\u00fcshi Khan \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n phong \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 5 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i cai tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. Britannica thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u201cG\u00fcshi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n phong \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma l\u00ean ng\u00f4i cai tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m\u2026 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch. Lhasa, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim tinh th\u1ea7n, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.\u201d Gelug tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1i cao so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu c\u0169; c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. H\u1ecd n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1n trang r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, thu thu\u1ebf th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng, tranh thangka v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qua nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Potala v\u00e0 Jokhang l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1ee5ng kinh, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n du m\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kora (h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft Losar \u2013 \u201cB\u1ea1n nghe th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd l\u1ea9m b\u1ea9m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong h\u01a1i th\u1edf\u2026 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thoang tho\u1ea3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7m\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef di s\u1ea3n phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3: c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh. <em>Nyingma<\/em> (\u201cB\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u0169,\u201d th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8) b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Guru Padmasambhava v\u00e0 Shantarakshita t\u1ea1i Samye. <em>Sakya<\/em> (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1073) v\u00e0 <em>Kagyu<\/em> (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. <em>Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/em> (1409) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Drepung, Sera v\u00e0 Ganden (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cBa Tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Lhasa\u201d). M\u1ed7i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n ri\u00eang cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Gelug trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n \u201cv\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d: Ba tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Lhasa v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lhasa l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"Ba \u0110\u1ea1i Tu Vi\u1ec7n\" c\u1ee7a Lhasa l\u00e0 Drepung, Sera v\u00e0 Ganden. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Gelug \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15-17 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Drepung:<\/strong> T\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 10.000 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, Drepung (\u201c\u0110\u1ed1ng G\u1ea1o\u201d) n\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Lhasa. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1416 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gelug kh\u00e1c. Du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (dukhang) ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng. Khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Jey, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng v\u00e9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tour tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean: nh\u1eefng tour n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n - n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n thu nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n, k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n kho. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Drepung \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1eeb r\u00eca ph\u00eda tr\u00ean Drepung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Lhasa b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi - m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y c\u1edd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. (D\u00e0nh 2\u20133 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan; \u0111\u1ed9 cao ~ 3.650 m.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Sera:<\/strong> N\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Lhasa, Sera v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tu vi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tranh lu\u1eadn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y: v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u1ea5m \u00e1p, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m du kh\u00e1ch t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp tr\u00ean s\u00e2n nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb trong b\u1ed9 \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa \u0111\u1ecf th\u1eafm nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1ed7 tay \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 logic Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng <em>geshe<\/em> K\u1ef3 thi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng. B\u1ea1ch \u0110i\u1ec7n (Zha-lu) tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng b\u00edch h\u1ecda; khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Nakartse l\u00e1t g\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u cam nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean y\u00ean t\u0129nh d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y m\u1eadn. D\u1ea1o quanh khu k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Sera, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt: m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng kinh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Ganden:<\/strong> N\u1eb1m cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ganden l\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Tsongkhapa (1409) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 40 km t\u1eeb Lhasa ho\u1eb7c \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 (4\u20135 gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng xe 4\u00d74). V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y tr\u1eddi quang, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3i B\u00e1nh Xe C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Ganden tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \"Ganden Khangmar\" (\u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t) b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n l\u00e0 S\u00f4ng b\u0103ng Karola xa x\u00f4i th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean. B\u00ean trong Tsokchen ch\u00ednh (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni v\u00e0 Tsongkhapa. M\u1ed9t kora (chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng) nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n quanh qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i. Ganden th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng do tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i; du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean x\u00e1c minh ng\u00e0y m\u1edf c\u1eeda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ba ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Lhasa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gelug, v\u00e0 qua l\u1eddi k\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.) Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u00e2n trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t t\u00e2m linh: ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Sera, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 puja v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u00e1i tim t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a Lhasa: Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala v\u00e0 Ch\u00f9a Jokhang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Lhasa n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Ch\u00f9a Jokhang. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7 (\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 9) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 5 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma. UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \"Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecf c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb N\u00fai \u0110\u1ecf\" \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 3.700 m, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn; Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 Tu vi\u1ec7n Namgyel nh\u1ecf, nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a UNESCO). Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ph\u00f2ng. V\u00e9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. C\u1ea5m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Potala c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan di s\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tu s\u0129. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ch\u00f9a Jokhang, n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n ki\u00eam \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 647 CN b\u1edfi Songtsen Gampo, Jokhang l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i neo gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Jokhang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ea cung g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng. UNESCO m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Jokhang l\u00e0 <em>\u201cm\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2026m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d<\/em>, ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 3.000 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh ch\u00f9a qua s\u00e2n Barkhor, quay b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Lhasa, du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3 hai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bl\u1ec5 puja l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh t\u1ea1i Jokhang ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng \u0111\u00e8n b\u01a1 bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 leo l\u00ean b\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng l\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Potala \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tham quan Potala v\u00e0 Jokhang:<\/strong> C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda theo gi\u1edd (h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean). Trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. C\u1ea7u thang Potala d\u1ed1c n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham quan. T\u1ea1i Jokhang, du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, c\u00fai ch\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd trung t\u00e2m. \u1ede c\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e8n flash).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c: Samye, Tashilhunpo, Sakya, Rongbuk, Reting, Pelkor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Lhasa, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. M\u1ed7i tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Samye (Nyingma, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8):<\/strong> N\u1eb1m \u1edf thung l\u0169ng Yarlung, ph\u00eda nam Lhasa, Samye l\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 770 SCN). B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t mandala ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o: m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Guru Rinpoche (Li\u00ean Hoa Sanh) \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh sau \u0111\u00f3, Samye \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. Du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3nh g\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1. Leo l\u00ean ph\u00eda sau Samye s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u01a1i Li\u00ean Hoa Sanh \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u00e0y nay Samye kh\u00e1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng (kora) xung quanh n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tashilhunpo (Gelug, 1447):<\/strong> T\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Shigatse (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), n\u01a1i t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ban Thi\u1ec1n L\u1ea1t Ma. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1447 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Tu vi\u1ec7n Tashilhunpo n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (cao 26,2 m) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc tinh x\u1ea3o. Theo Tibet Travel, <em>\u201cTu vi\u1ec7n Tashilhunpo\u2026l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Panchen Lama k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 hai\u2026sau c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Dalai Lama.\u201d<\/em>\u0110\u1ee9c Ban Thi\u1ec1n L\u1ea1t Ma trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eebng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i. Tham quan Tashilhunpo (cao 3.800 m), du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Kim Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t Ma qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Sakya (1073):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest (v\u00f9ng Kailash), Tu vi\u1ec7n Sakya ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Sakya. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch b\u00f9n m\u00e0u be v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t cho tu vi\u1ec7n. V\u1ecb b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 ki\u00eam s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Sakya v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t, vua M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c l\u1ea1t-ma Sakya l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u01b0-b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng sau n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay, Sakya v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 M\u01b0\u1eddi Ba v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. (N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reting v\u00e0 Pelkor (Gyantse):<\/strong> G\u1ea7n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Gyantse l\u00e0 Tu vi\u1ec7n Phalkhor Chode ba t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kora (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh) duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n Pelkor Chode. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng xa, <strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Reting<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Gelug, t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt. Reting l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i y\u00ean t\u0129nh (ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1ee5ng kinh l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng trong h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edd \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m qua Gyantse, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Shigatse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khu v\u1ef1c Rongbuk &amp; Everest (Nyingma, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1902):<\/strong> <em>Tu vi\u1ec7n Rongbuk<\/em> l\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (kho\u1ea3ng 5.150 m) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 d\u1eabn l\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1902, c\u1ee5m c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecf n\u1eb1m \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Everest. Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 Tibet Vista <em>\u201cTu vi\u1ec7n Rongbuk\u2026\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i Nyingma\u201d<\/em>N\u0103m 1921, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Anh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa c\u1eebu xanh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tu vi\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 n\u1eef tu s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1i Rongbuk. Khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c ra \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, Rongbuk l\u00e0 \"tu vi\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\" v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest h\u00f9ng v\u0129 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ebfn Rongbuk:<\/strong> Lhasa\u2192Shigatse\u2192Tingri (\u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c tour ri\u00eang) m\u1ea5t 2\u20133 ng\u00e0y. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Tr\u1ea1i C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Everest. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i Tingri ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i d\u00e2n d\u00e3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. T\u1ea1i Rongbuk, h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan v\u00e0o l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Saga Dawa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (th\u00e1ng 4\/th\u00e1ng 5) khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd \u1ea9n:<\/strong> Xa kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng du l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gompa \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, <em>Driung To<\/em> (m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n Kagyu c\u00e1ch Lhasa 70 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y B\u1eafc) n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng d\u1ed1c. \u00cdt du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 cao tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 <em>Tu vi\u1ec7n Tidrum<\/em> (xem nghi th\u1ee9c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) g\u1ea7n Lhasa: du kh\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m nh\u00e0 tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn: m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u0103n kata (kh\u0103n l\u1ec5) ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n \u1edf Tidrum. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng kh\u0103n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 du kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng &amp; Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Tu vi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i, m\u1ed7i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 tu vi\u1ec7n ri\u00eang. Wikipedia t\u00f3m t\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng \u201cPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nyingma (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8), Kagyu (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 11), Sakya (n\u0103m 1073) v\u00e0 Gelug (n\u0103m 1409)\u201d. C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Gelug v\u00e0 Nyingma ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y nay. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ganden, Drepung v\u00e0 Tashilhunpo thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4ng Gelug; Samye v\u00e0 Dorje Drak thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4ng Nyingma; Sakya thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4ng Sakya. C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Kagyu (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng Karmapa) hi\u1ec7n nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Drigung (Kagyu) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn Lhasa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ed7i tu vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu vi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, h\u1ecdc nghi l\u1ec5, ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u1ede b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u2026 M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1eadc cao l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c\u201d. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao du kh\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i Sera v\u00e0 Drepung. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Geshe (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng tulku cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i). D\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c tulku (l\u1ea1t ma t\u00e1i sinh), m\u1ed7i tulku \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, d\u00f2ng Panchen Lama c\u0169ng ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Tashilhunpo. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai tu vi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 (theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01b0 s\u0129. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1t ma c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c sinh vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 chung \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn (dukhang) v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c stupa ho\u1eb7c chorten - nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u00e1nh t\u00edch h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng - \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m linh thi\u00eang tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 m\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00f3p nh\u1ecdn m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a gi\u00f3 (lungta) \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c. T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch b\u00f9n tr\u1eafng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n \u0111en quanh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u1edf m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Sera).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00ean trong, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 s\u1eafc m\u00e0u v\u1edbi tranh thangka v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa: m\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0 la, b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh B\u00e1nh Xe Lu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 th\u1edd. UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Potala tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u201ch\u01a1n 3.000 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c\u201d. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 \u2013 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng kh\u00f4 hanh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ecbu nh\u1eb9, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy ho\u1ea1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 mandala c\u1ee7a Samye (xem \u1edf tr\u00ean) r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 Reting hay Tashilhunpo, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i. T\u01b0\u1eddng cao v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng h\u1eb9p che ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. S\u00e2n trong c\u00f3 b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n: c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 quay ch\u00fang nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n; m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00f9ng tu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Potala \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gia c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Du kh\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c quy\u00ean g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 di s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nghi l\u1ec5, L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i &amp; Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y:<\/strong> V\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd t\u1ee5ng kinh h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 theo nh\u00f3m. Du kh\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00f9a. C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed1n bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 puja (l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n) h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u2013 v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, gi\u1eefa bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. Du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd quan s\u00e1t; ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ng\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c tranh bi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u0103ng ni di\u1ec5n ra (d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gelug) m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 2\u20134 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i Sera v\u00e0 Drepung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2n tranh bi\u1ec7n; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e9, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y mang theo qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u1ea5m v\u00ec gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fa. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh bi\u1ec7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 30\u201360 ph\u00fat c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u0103ng ni tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u0103ng ni l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c thi logic s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 <strong>Losar (T\u1ebft T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, th\u00e1ng 1\/th\u00e1ng 2):<\/strong> L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 (Ch\u0103m) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n b\u01a1 yak t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn.<br>\u2013 <strong>Saga Dawa (tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n th\u00e1ng 5\/th\u00e1ng 6):<\/strong> K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sinh\/th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o\/ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 Rongbuk t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 lhundrup (l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd).<br>\u2013 <strong>Shoton (L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i s\u1eefa chua, th\u00e1ng 7):<\/strong> Ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i Norbulingka g\u1ea7n Lhasa, ng\u00e0y nay Shoton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c thangka kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i Tashilhunpo ho\u1eb7c Reting, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c thangka Ph\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp.<br>\u2013 <strong>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e8n b\u01a1 (v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n th\u1eafp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n.<br>Ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tham gia l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd: th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n t\u0103ng cao. \u0110\u1eb7t tour tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Hai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8, v\u00ec v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft v\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nghi th\u1ee9c: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i linh thi\u00eang. H\u00e0nh vi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. Vai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che k\u00edn. C\u1edfi m\u0169 v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1n. Nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm c\u00e1c v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u00e0nh vi:<\/strong> \u0110i b\u1ed9 theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 mani (h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n). Kh\u00f4ng ch\u0129a ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0. Tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c la h\u00e9t trong s\u1ea3nh. Lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh h\u1ecd. Trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng &amp; Quy\u00ean g\u00f3p:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 khata (kh\u0103n l\u1ec5), \u0111\u00e8n b\u01a1 (k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf), ho\u1eb7c khataks t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. Ti\u1ec1n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 trong h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u2013 h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9p c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; tr\u00e1nh mua \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua da, v.v.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. B\u00ean trong, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd c\u1ea5m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7). Vi\u1ec7c khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m trong c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed <em>kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e8n flash<\/em> ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tham gia l\u1ec5 Puja:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham gia l\u1ec5 puja tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec m\u1eddi (r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi, h\u00e3y c\u01b0 x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0: ng\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng, qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh (puja) - h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kora (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng):<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <em>tu\u1ed5i<\/em> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quanh c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c n\u00fai th\u00e1nh. N\u1ebfu tham gia, h\u00e3y mang gi\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebf m\u1ec1m, n\u00f3i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, th\u01b0\u1eddng mang theo tr\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 m\u00f5 kinh m\u00e2n c\u00f4i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c n\u1eef tu vi\u1ec7n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1eebng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. C\u1ea9m nang du l\u1ecbch Audley l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu \u1edf Tidrum m\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d<\/em>. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd l\u1eafng nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng coi tu vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng - c\u00fai ch\u00e0o, ch\u1eafp tay, khata - c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan &amp; H\u1eadu c\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i <em>ph\u1ea3i<\/em> Xin Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p Du l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (TTP) th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p. Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ebfn bay ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa n\u00e0o v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 t\u00fac; leo n\u00fai ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1i xe m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch c\u0169ng s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (nh\u01b0 Everest ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1) n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 xin TTP, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i xin th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n scan th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. TTP mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd), nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 8\u20139 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Lu\u00f4n mang theo b\u1ea3n in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i du l\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i tham gia m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \"ri\u00eang\" g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t: du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n &amp; H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh H\u1eadu c\u1ea7n:<\/strong> Lhasa l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb Lhasa, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i m\u00e1y bay ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ebfn Shigatse (Tashilhunpo), Gyantse (Palkhor Chode), v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn Ngari (N\u00fai Kailash) ho\u1eb7c Everest. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb Lhasa \u0111\u1ebfn Shigatse m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 4\u20135 gi\u1edd l\u00e1i xe. Nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe jeep ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c xe bu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf do c\u00f4ng ty l\u1eef h\u00e0nh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c T\u00e2y Ninh \u0111\u1ebfn Lhasa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n trong n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh, taxi r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a (Potala, Jokhang, v.v.) n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Lhasa. Xe bu\u00fdt du l\u1ecbch c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan ch\u00ednh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i (Rongbuk, v\u00f9ng Kham), xe jeep ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Trang l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eabu (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Lhasa 3 ng\u00e0y, mi\u1ec1n trung T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng 7 ng\u00e0y, Kailash\/Everest 14 ng\u00e0y).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Tour du l\u1ecbch:<\/strong> Do quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tour c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (thu\u00ea theo ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c theo g\u00f3i). H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed7 \u1edf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tu vi\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chi ph\u00ed:<\/strong> C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch ri\u00eang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn cao c\u1ea5p (70\u2013300 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng). Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (kho\u1ea3ng 10 \u0111\u00f4 la) \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n sang tr\u1ecdng do tu vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (tr\u00ean 100 \u0111\u00f4 la). Chi ph\u00ed \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (5\u201315 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa). L\u01b0u \u00fd, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n - h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m:<\/strong> M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 4-5) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 9-10) c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong xanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i (Saga Dawa, Shoton). M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 11-2) l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eafng v\u1ebb; l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda do tuy\u1ebft. C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh n\u0103m (kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u gompa c\u00f3 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c. Du kh\u00e1ch cao tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan. Potala v\u00e0 Jokhang \u1edf Lhasa c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u thang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m \u1edf Lhasa v\u00e0 Shigatse d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb say \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1eb9; c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf Lhasa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 Du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh say \u0111\u1ed9 cao:<\/strong> Tr\u00ean 3.500 m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t. H\u00e3y l\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1eeb: ngh\u1ec9 1\u20132 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i Lhasa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e1nh u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c (acetazolamide, \"Diamox\") \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o (\u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n), h\u00e3y ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p oxy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111un s\u00f4i. \u0102n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn (tr\u00e0 b\u01a1 yak v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh bao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; th\u1ecbt s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 salad c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m). Mang theo thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng say \u0111\u1ed9 cao, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng (n\u1eafng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t gay g\u1eaft).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb:<\/strong> T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\/qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh (l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c). Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GPS n\u00ean t\u1eaft ranh gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n; c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t du l\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c quay phim tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. H\u00e3y \u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n (\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u00f9a). \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd mang \u0111i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n boa nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh (h\u1ecd coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c xoa b\u00f3p ch\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n!). H\u00e3y mang th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng gian h\u00e0nh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch v\u1edf ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi - mang theo s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m &amp; L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chuy\u1ebfn tham quan Tu vi\u1ec7n Lhasa 3 ng\u00e0y:<\/strong> Ng\u00e0y 1: Th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ea1i Ch\u00f9a Jokhang (tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 puja bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Y h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Ng\u00e0y 2: Tham quan Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala (bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng) v\u00e0 Tu vi\u1ec7n Drepung (bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u). Ng\u00e0y 3: Tham quan Sera v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tranh lu\u1eadn; bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u tham quan cung \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f9a h\u00e8 Norbulingka v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00f2ng quanh c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n 7 ng\u00e0y:<\/strong> Lhasa (2 ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean), l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>Gand<\/strong> (1 ng\u00e0y \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 tham quan), ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>Gyantse<\/strong> (tham quan Pelkor Chode &amp; Phalkhor Kora). Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau Shigatse \u2013 Tu vi\u1ec7n Tashilhunpo. Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qua H\u1ed3 Yamdrok \u0111\u1ebfn Lhasa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i s\u00e2u 14 ng\u00e0y (bao g\u1ed3m T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng):<\/strong> Kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Lhasa (3 ng\u00e0y), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i theo tuy\u1ebfn EBC qua Shigatse\/Rongbuk (m\u1ed7i tuy\u1ebfn 2 ng\u00e0y). Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>Kailash\/N\u00fai Manasarovar<\/strong> (4 ng\u00e0y quanh n\u00fai v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 thi\u00eang; gh\u00e9 th\u0103m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i). Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda Nam tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qua <strong>Hiloka<\/strong> (Ksikwang v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gompa \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u), \u0111\u1ebfn Lhasa v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14. L\u01b0u \u00fd theo m\u00f9a: cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Kailash c\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n ra trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 6\u2013th\u00e1ng 8).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo phong c\u00e1ch \"h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\" (ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) ho\u1eb7c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n (kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 xe \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3n). N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb). \u0110\u1ec3 sang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n 4-5 sao \u1edf Lhasa v\u00e0 xe ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Lhasa c\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2\u20133 ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Samye t\u1eeb Lhasa ho\u1eb7c Tashilhunpo t\u1eeb Shigatse). Trung b\u00ecnh, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 150\u2013200 \u0111\u00f4 la\/ng\u00e0y (bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n). C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch theo nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf chi ph\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh (\u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 puja bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng). Lu\u00f4n mang theo ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u2013 m\u00e1y ATM ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. R\u1ea5t \u00edt tu vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf l\u1ea1i qua \u0111\u00eam (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i Sera ho\u1eb7c Ganden n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc). C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n tu vi\u1ec7n). Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong khu v\u1ef1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n\u201d ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n tu vi\u1ec7n (c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 homestay \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng quanh Lhasa v\u00e0 Shigatse). Nh\u1eefng homestay n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \"s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0\" l\u00e0 tham gia m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean, ngh\u1ec9 qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i Kailash ho\u1eb7c Ganden kora).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n theo h\u1ecdc d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd: c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (Drepung, Sera, Ganden) v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u1ede T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u00fa ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Tu vi\u1ec7n &amp; L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gompa. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a (1966\u20131976), H\u1ed3ng v\u1ec7 binh Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a kh\u00e1c, Tashilhunpo ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1; Samye n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. UNESCO v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c di t\u00edch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Vi\u1ec7c gia c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala (kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Ch\u00f9a Jokhang g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1; c\u00e1c m\u00e1i hi\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda theo phong c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t; nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00f9ng tu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a Samye c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc n\u0103m tr\u00f9ng tu n\u0103m 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tu vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. N\u01a1i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i tr\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Rime (phi t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i) nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nepal, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tu Gelug v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1i Gelug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng), mua s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) v\u00e0 quy\u00ean g\u00f3p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn qu\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n). M\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n quy\u00ean g\u00f3p nh\u1ecf cho qu\u1ef9 tr\u00f9ng tu trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala v\u00e0 Ch\u00f9a Jokhang (Lhasa), Tu vi\u1ec7n Drepung, Sera v\u00e0 Ganden (khu v\u1ef1c Lhasa), Samye, Tashilhunpo, Sakya v\u00e0 Rongbuk (Everest) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t. <em>(Xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n \u201cC\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cBa tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn\u201d \u1edf Lhasa l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Drepung, Sera v\u00e0 Ganden, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1416 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1409 b\u1edfi ph\u00e1i Gelug. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gelug.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gompa kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> Potala \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0m cung \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p (UNESCO: <em>\u201cCung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecf\u2026xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y l\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma\u201d<\/em>). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng-\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gompa l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> \u201cGompa\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. M\u1ed9t gompa th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t L\u1ea1t ma ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n (shedra) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khoa. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1n trang. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e2m ni\u00ean tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o?<\/strong> B\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nyingma (c\u0169), Kagyu, Sakya, Gelug. <em>Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/em> c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m Drepung, Sera, Ganden, Reting, Tashilhunpo, v.v. <em>Nyingma<\/em> c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m Samye, Mindrolling (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) v\u00e0 Yungdrungling \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. <em>Sakya<\/em> t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Tu vi\u1ec7n Sakya. <em>Kagyu<\/em> Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\/Nepal), nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec bao g\u1ed3m Drigung v\u00e0 Shalu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng?<\/strong> H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m Lhasa (3 ng\u00e0y), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn Shigatse\/Gyantse (2\u20133 ng\u00e0y), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc l\u00ean Everest (3\u20134 ng\u00e0y). Vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean am hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> C\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p Du l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p Nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o TAR, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch. C\u1ea7n th\u00eam gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Everest ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tham quan c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n hay c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean?<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 t\u00fac. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i tham gia tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng?<\/strong> Cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 4\u2013th\u00e1ng 5) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu (th\u00e1ng 9\u2013th\u00e1ng 10) c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi quang \u0111\u00e3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Saga Dawa v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Shoton v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7). M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh; gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 7\u2013th\u00e1ng 8) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i n\u00ean m\u1eb7c g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed n\u00e0o khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng?<\/strong> M\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, che k\u00edn vai v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n. C\u1edfi m\u0169 v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1y nh\u1eb9 \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o. \u0110i b\u1ed9 theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quanh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng mani. N\u00f3i n\u0103ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 xin ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> C\u00f3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n flash. M\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu. Lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam y\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn tham quan ho\u1eb7c trong gi\u1edd l\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111i lang thang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5) l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m. H\u00e3y \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tranh lu\u1eadn tu vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/strong> Tranh bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Tu vi\u1ec7n Sera (s\u00e2n Ganden Wing) h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb 2\u20134 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u. Drepung (H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tranh bi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kora (chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n k\u00ednh?<\/strong> Kora l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m linh thi\u00eang. \u0110i b\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ee5ng kinh. Khi \u0111i kora, \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ecf ra m\u1ea5t ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn; vi\u1ec7c mang theo loa ph\u00f3ng thanh ho\u1eb7c ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng cho kh\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n cho du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> C\u00f3, ch\u00fang an to\u00e0n. R\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao. H\u00e3y th\u00edch nghi \u1edf Lhasa tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 mang theo thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u00e3y c\u01b0 x\u1eed t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng?<\/strong> C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n tu vi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1950; nhi\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 (t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n) c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \"tu vi\u1ec7n\" c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu vi\u1ec7n (Shoton, Losar, Thangka)? Ch\u00fang di\u1ec5n ra khi n\u00e0o?<\/strong> <em>Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/em> (N\u0103m m\u1edbi) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1\/th\u00e1ng 2, c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gompa. <em>Saga Dawa<\/em> (Th\u00e1ng 5\/Th\u00e1ng 6) k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 thangka trong Saga Dawa). <em>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Shoton<\/em> (Th\u00e1ng 7) ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e2ng s\u1eefa chua v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y thangka kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Reting ho\u1eb7c Drepung).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac g\u00ec?<\/strong> C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: t\u01b0\u1eddng bao cao, h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5, m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n s\u01a1n m\u00e0u v\u1edbi khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111en, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u00e1i (ch\u00f3p m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng, kinh lu\u00e2n). B\u00ean trong: tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p (chorten), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 mani. Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f4i Potala (B\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ban Thi\u1ec1n L\u1ea1t Ma trong c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Gelug; tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Drepung (sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Potala). Tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ban Thi\u1ec1n L\u1ea1t Ma l\u00e0 Tu vi\u1ec7n Tashilhunpo. C\u1ea3 hai d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec t\u00e1i sinh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5. Ng\u00e0y nay, vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb tranh ch\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn t\u00f4n vinh h\u1ecd qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0n th\u1edd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20? Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng tu n\u00e0o \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra?<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda trong cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Samye, Reting, Sakya v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f9ng tu; vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu Potala v\u00e0 Jokhang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a UNESCO. Du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Rongbuk) n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3?<\/strong> Rongbuk (B\u1eafc Everest) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (khu v\u1ef1c n\u00fai Kailash) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Rongbuk y\u00eau c\u1ea7u di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe 4x4 t\u1eeb Shigatse\/Tingri; c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p leo n\u00fai Everest. C\u00e1c gompa \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Kailash (tu vi\u1ec7n Tarchen) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1i xe m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Lhasa ho\u1eb7c qua Nepal (v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c\/gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/strong> Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ngu\u1ed3n thu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u1edd c\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y nay, ngu\u1ed3n thu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00ed du l\u1ecbch, vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n c\u1edd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. L\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng (ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e8n b\u01a1, kh\u0103n khata) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chi ph\u00ed sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1eef tu vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Tu vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0; ni vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau (\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu m\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 y nh\u01b0ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d. C\u00e1c khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ni vi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng? N\u00ean t\u1eb7ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt g\u00ec l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p?<\/strong> C\u00f3 - khata (kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n b\u01a1 (do ch\u00f9a cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 thu ph\u00ed) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh. Vi\u1ec7c quy\u00ean g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c quy\u00ean g\u00f3p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9t tsampa) ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00f9a (v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec) ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9p quy\u00ean g\u00f3p, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i n\u00ean d\u00e0nh bao l\u00e2u \u1edf m\u1ed7i tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn?<\/strong> Potala (2\u20133 gi\u1edd), Jokhang (1\u20132 gi\u1edd), Drepung\/Sera (m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i 2\u20134 gi\u1edd), Samye (2 gi\u1edd), Tashilhunpo (1\u20132 gi\u1edd). \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1eddi gian n\u1ebfu tham gia c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tranh lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec5 puja. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m xa x\u00f4i (Ganden, Rongbuk) c\u1ea7n 3\u20134 gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tu vi\u1ec7n, tranh thangka v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tour du l\u1ecbch v\u0103n h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng tour n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u1edf Lhasa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tu vi\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Gyantse ho\u1eb7c Drepung) cho ph\u00e9p tham quan c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \"ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tu vi\u1ec7n\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m?<\/strong> Xem ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a: <em>\u201cGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a Padmasambhava Ling. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n: <em>\u201cTu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng: M\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a Melvyn Goldstein. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Lonely Planet v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0 x\u1eed th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong l\u1ec5 puja ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi?<\/strong> Ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean s\u00e0n (t\u01b0 th\u1ebf x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec1n tay nhau m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i - b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00f5 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1nh), h\u00e3y h\u01a1i nghi\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u00e1nh c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> C\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u thang d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Xe l\u0103n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e2n ch\u00f9a. Du kh\u00e1ch g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n ri\u00eang v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean xem ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 xe l\u0103n kh\u00f4ng (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnghi l\u1ec5 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Nghi l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi (jhator) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 tang l\u1ec5 thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn xem. Tuy nhi\u00ean, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Drigung Til), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y k\u1ec1n k\u1ec1n bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c khu ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb?<\/strong> Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t: n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 binh l\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o, h\u00e3y coi nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. Lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn?<\/strong> Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Lhasa\u2013Gyantse\u2013Shigatse\u2013Ngari\u2013Rongbuk b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 (ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa\/m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ebfn Lhasa, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9). C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u0169ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Lhasa\u2013Ngari. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Everest, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng 10 ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb Lhasa qua Shigatse\/Tingri l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9). \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Lhasa\u2013Shigatse v\u1edbi Kathmandu qua Gyirong, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Kailash. C\u00f3 xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe jeep d\u00f9ng chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea xe ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tu vi\u1ec7n (m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng)?<\/strong> \u00c1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn l\u00e0m phai m\u00e0u s\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 g\u1ed7. Chu k\u1ef3 tan ch\u1ea3y-\u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t l\u1edbp th\u1ea1ch cao. M\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1t l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1n l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y gi\u00e0n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c \"l\u1ed7 kim\" \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0: ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u1ea1ch cao ph\u00e2n b\u00f2 yak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh thangka l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y?<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c thangka kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (tranh v\u1ebd) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i: t\u1ea1i Samye (th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng), t\u1ea1i Tu vi\u1ec7n Reting v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Potala (trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean Norbulingka). N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Reting: m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c thangka Ph\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 100x100 m\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i ra trong l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Saga Dawa (th\u00e1ng 5\/th\u00e1ng 6). H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean n\u00ean th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n \u201c\u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u\u201d \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m?<\/strong> B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Drigung v\u00e0 Tidrum (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp), h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t Changchub Choling Gonpa g\u1ea7n Thung l\u0169ng Yarlung, ho\u1eb7c Jampa Lhakhang \u00edt d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf Shigatse (ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n s\u1eaft c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t). Ngo\u00e0i ra, <em>H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Larung Gar<\/em> \u1ede T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean (ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 gompa tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ngay t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ed5). Lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, v\u00ec c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng?<\/strong> \u0110i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Mang theo m\u1ed9t t\u00fai r\u00e1c nh\u1ecf (mang theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y - kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee9t r\u00e1c b\u1eeba b\u00e3i trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tu vi\u1ec7n). Xin ph\u00e9p quay phim ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n quy\u00ean g\u00f3p. H\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <em>th\u1ee9c d\u1eady<\/em>, <em>th\u0103m nom<\/em> (ch\u00f3)) \u2013 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng; m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m k\u00edch s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng?<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh xe d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Di L\u1eb7c, v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; \u0110\u1ee9c Tara Xanh l\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, \u0110\u1ee9c Tara Tr\u1eafng \u1edf t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. B\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00fat th\u1eaft v\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u2013 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. N\u1ebfu t\u00f2 m\u00f2, h\u00e3y mang theo m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n c\u1ea9m nang nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u00e1n t\u1edd r\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng minh h\u1ecda v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc (Di\u00eam V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng GPS \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o cho chuy\u1ebfn tham quan tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u00ean) v\u1edbi t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan \u1edf Lhasa (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Potala 29.659,91.116) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh (Gyantse 29.238,89.560; Rongbuk 28.105,86.851, v.v.). Du kh\u00e1ch am hi\u1ec3u GPS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p KML \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i l\u1ea1i n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4i khi ban h\u00e0nh khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n (d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi). H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m\/c\u00e1ch ly th\u1eddi Covid \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd. Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh (r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c khu du l\u1ecbch). \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t: h\u00e3y linh ho\u1ea1t trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 10 th\u00e1ng 3, Ng\u00e0y Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian, Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn (ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Samye:<\/strong> N\u0103m 767 CN (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Sakya:<\/strong> 1073 CN (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Drepung:<\/strong> 1416 CN<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Ganden:<\/strong> 1409 CN<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i):<\/strong> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1694. (\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu vi\u1ec7n Tashilhunpo:<\/strong> 1447 CN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gompa:<\/strong> Tu vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f9a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f2ng quanh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ngh\u00e8o:<\/strong> H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong> Vua Ph\u00e1p (danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Geshe:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p tu s\u0129 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lakhang:<\/strong> Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i:<\/strong> L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1eafc l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch:<\/strong> L\u1ea1t ma t\u00e1i sinh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chorten:<\/strong> Th\u00e1p, g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u00e1nh t\u00edch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pushpa (Ch\u00f6pa):<\/strong> Nghi l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ee5ng kinh:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5ng kinh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Potala nh\u00ecn ra Lhasa \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c b\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng Everest, m\u1ed7i gompa \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111an xen l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[48,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-63548","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-culture-heritage","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63548"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63548\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}