{"id":63453,"date":"2025-11-24T15:36:17","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T15:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/?p=63453"},"modified":"2026-02-23T17:43:35","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T17:43:35","slug":"huong-dan-ve-du-lich-den-tham-quan-cac-dia-diem-bi-kich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/unusual-places\/a-guide-to-dark-tourism-visiting-sites-of-tragedy\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Du L\u1ecbch \u0110en: Th\u0103m \u0110\u1ecba \u0110i\u1ec3m Bi K\u1ecbch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng trang nghi\u00eam \u2013 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Holocaust v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m) nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i: l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Auschwitz, Chernobyl, Ground Zero, Jonestown v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, m\u1eb9o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trang nghi\u00eam n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Malcolm Foley v\u00e0 John Lennon \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi k\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a bao g\u1ed3m du l\u1ecbch tang l\u1ec5, du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c du l\u1ecbch \u0111au bu\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u00e3i h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft, tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda v\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c hay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, tai n\u1ea1n, chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u2013 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c\u0111en t\u1ed1i\u201d h\u01a1n trong tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a National Geographic \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai tr\u00e1i khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Chernobyl hay Auschwitz; \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. S\u1ee9c h\u00fat ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \"du l\u1ecbch \u0111en\" n\u1eb1m \u1edf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng nhau quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hay b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh du l\u1ecbch \"\u0111en\" t\u1ed1t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, trong khi nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \"khai th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n\" ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm l\u1eddi. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n du l\u1ecbch Chris Hedges c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \"l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\" c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ed9i \u00e1c (bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh \"Disney\") c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch che gi\u1ea5u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn xem c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f5 s\u0129 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft. John Lennon ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 xem Tr\u1eadn Waterloo n\u0103m 1815 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 treo c\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u1edf London th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. Trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Gettysburg hay Pompeii \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch ngay sau nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y (\"k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\") v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u0103m 1996 c\u1ee7a Lennon v\u00e0 Foley \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y; c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, AV Seaton \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef du l\u1ecbch tang l\u1ec5 (thanatourism).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Du l\u1ecbch tang l\u1ec5 so v\u1edbi du l\u1ecbch th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Du l\u1ecbch tang l\u1ec5 theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft (t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p thanatos). N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n (du l\u1ecbch m\u1ed9, th\u0103m ngh\u0129a trang). Du l\u1ecbch th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf: du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n, tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ngay sau khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, du l\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \"phi\u00eau l\u01b0u\". Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m Khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m Chernobyl l\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (sau b\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00f2 m\u00f2. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch v\u1eeba m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khuy\u00ean n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn chung, \"du l\u1ecbch \u0111en\" trong c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00fd do m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00e9 th\u0103m: \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m hay \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u du l\u1ecbch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o: s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00f2 m\u00f2, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, suy ng\u1eabm v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m u \u00e1m mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. J. John Lennon nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u201cch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc du l\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i Auschwitz, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Robert Reid tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u00e0. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n (n\u0103m 2021) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh: s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 (\u201cc\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1edbi tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d), gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\/h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (t\u00f4n vinh t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung), v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Holocaust \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Auschwitz \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam, trong khi m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u C\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, s\u1ee9c h\u00fat \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, mang t\u00ednh suy ng\u1eabm, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n bi th\u1ea3m l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u2013 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n: s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n, t\u1eeb Mark Twain vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Pompeii \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: phim truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, phim \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, lo\u1ea1t phim Chernobyl c\u1ee7a HBO g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn Chernobyl t\u0103ng 30-40%. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh du l\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 Dark Tourist (Netflix) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c tr\u00ean internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 du kh\u00e1ch th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch khi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \"nguy hi\u1ec3m\" ho\u1eb7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. Philip Stone thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Du l\u1ecbch \u0110en l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c khu t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khi\u1ebfn du kh\u00e1ch suy ng\u1eabm h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a National Geographic l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i? Nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i (B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng hay l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng? Nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tham quan. N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh \u2013 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 soi m\u00f3i. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Robert Reid c\u1ee7a National Geographic \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khoe khoang ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3?\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00ean ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111au bu\u1ed3n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p du l\u1ecbch n\u00e0o xung quanh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u201c\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m\u201d nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tour du l\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n nay cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d (dark tours) quy\u00ean g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn (nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m) gi\u00fap b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t khi n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o bao g\u1ed3m: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh coi nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00f3a n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5; h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch (ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n, ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n); thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea3y nh\u00f3t trong bu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng l\u00ean Instagram s\u1ebd b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch \u201cb\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh d\u1ecb\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m du kh\u00e1ch th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh \u2013 nh\u01b0 Reid l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7y b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m\u201d \u2013 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u2013 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m (m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng (nh\u01b0 Darkometer tr\u00ean Dark-Tourism.com) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap du kh\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00eau b\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung Auschwitz\u2013Birkenau (Ba Lan)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1eed th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 g\u1ea7n Krak\u00f3w l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng trang nghi\u00eam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u01a1n 1,1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1940-1945. Ng\u00e0y nay, Khu t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Auschwitz (m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, doanh tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng, \u0103n m\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01b0 x\u1eed t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1t, \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9. \u201cQuy t\u1eafc\u201d quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e3y nh\u1edb: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean n\u00ean d\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111i theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c trong tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn). Auschwitz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m; vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n v\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc: h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf - c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ecf m\u0169 - gi\u00fap t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m Chernobyl (Ukraine)<\/strong> \u2013 Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u0103m 1986 g\u1ea7n Pripyat \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 r\u1ed9ng 30 km. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tour tham quan l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ma Pripyat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc. <em>Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu:<\/em> Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. Du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 18 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Khi v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m: kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, kh\u00f4ng mang b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o ra ngo\u00e0i (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf). M\u00e1y \u0111o ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng du kh\u00e1ch khi ra kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u2013 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00f2ng n\u00e0o. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2022, Chernobyl \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111o ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u1eabn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. <em>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc:<\/em> C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn tour \u2013 r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sinh t\u1eed. C\u00e1c tour tham quan Chernobyl d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khu v\u1ef1c Ground Zero (New York, Hoa K\u1ef3)<\/strong> \u2013 \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2001 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Manhattan. Hai h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng mang nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. L\u01b0u \u00fd d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1ch tham quan: Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m m\u1edf c\u1eeda mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang; h\u00e3y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng leo l\u00ean lan can. B\u00ean trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o. <em>n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng<\/em> Tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f3 xem. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc (c\u00f3 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hai t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee9ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p; vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh du kh\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c tham quan \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 11\/9 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i; h\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \"\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111en t\u1ed1i\" kh\u00e1c, hai t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa x\u00f4i - v\u00ec v\u1eady du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. <em>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc:<\/em> Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam y\u1ebft (kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u1ed3n \u00e0o). N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00eam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hiroshima v\u00e0 Nagasaki (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u1ea3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1945. Ng\u00e0y nay, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Hiroshima bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1i v\u00f2m bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Tr\u1ebb em. Nagasaki c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang than kh\u00f3c. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn: hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom. T\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y tham quan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. Theo phong t\u1ee5c, h\u00e3y k\u00fd v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh trong c\u00e1c khu tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p; vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n h\u1ea1c gi\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; mua ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. C\u1ea3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh: nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh (l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd) t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n tham quan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng Tuol Sleng (Campuchia)<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 Khmer Rouge (S-21), n\u01a1i kho\u1ea3ng 20.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng u \u00e1m nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean \u0111i ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i qua c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng giam, n\u01a1i \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea7n gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh g\u00e2y \u201cm\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung\u201d. H\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n dung ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: h\u00e3y mua cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng (ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng) thay v\u00ec ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edbng. <em>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc:<\/em> H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u1eebng Aokigahara (\"R\u1eebng t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t,\" Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n)<\/strong> \u2013 Khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y mang m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o: c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ma Y\u016brei). Tr\u00e1nh \u0111i l\u1ea1c kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3u \u201chaha ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u201d. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a TripZilla nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cH\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh\u2026 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u201d. N\u00f3i chung, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. <em>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc:<\/em> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng, h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n n\u00ean quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pompeii (\u00dd)<\/strong> \u2013 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 La M\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng b\u1edfi v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda Vesuvius n\u0103m 79 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 u \u00e1m. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n di t\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u2013 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a trang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a trang im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i theo l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c leo tr\u00e8o l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean khuy\u00ean n\u00ean \u201c\u0111i b\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i\u201d qua Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea1ch cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed7ng ru\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1eeb tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda) r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00ean gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c trang nghi\u00eam. <em>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc:<\/em> Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m sau nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 tro t\u00e0n khi b\u1ea1n tham quan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ngh\u0129a trang P\u00e8re Lachaise (Ph\u00e1p)<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (Jim Morrison, Oscar Wilde, v.v.), ngh\u0129a trang l\u1edbn \u1edf Paris n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Quy t\u1eafc: \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, \u0111i theo l\u1ed1i \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u01b0 x\u1eed nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0m \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu m\u1ed9 linh thi\u00eang n\u00e0o. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o, ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y hoa kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean khuy\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed1t l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111au bu\u1ed3n hay kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. <em>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc:<\/em> Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y th\u00fa v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u minh h\u1ecda r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tour v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy t\u1eafc. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed: h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam y\u1ebft, l\u1eafng nghe h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u00fd do b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: Danh s\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a trang web:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trang web (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: auschwitz.org, \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 11\/9, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Hiroshima, v.v.). Ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1edd m\u1edf c\u1eeda, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e9, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Chernobyl hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch). Trang web Jonestown c\u1ee7a SDSU l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch Guyana ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025; th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tour m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Khu v\u1ef1c Chernobyl c\u1ee7a Ukraine c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng). T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch (trang web c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n). H\u00e3y mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed s\u01a1 t\u00e1n y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch do tai n\u1ea1n \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m xa x\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn so v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn:<\/strong> T\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \"\u0111en t\u1ed1i\", \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed9i dung nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m (b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i Chernobyl, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i Auschwitz, Ground Zero, v.v.). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chi ph\u00ed so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Campuchia, h\u00e3y \u0103n m\u1eb7c k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o (che vai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i) khi \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u \u00c1, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi \u1ed3n \u00e0o t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a trang b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. H\u00e3y h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng\u201d) b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c v\u1eeba x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t), h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra xem an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng hay kh\u00f4ng. Lu\u00f4n mang theo b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 bom m\u00ecn ch\u01b0a n\u1ed5 (m\u00ecn \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y), h\u00e3y \u0111i theo c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nguy hi\u1ec3m, h\u00e3y \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eddi gian gh\u00e9 th\u0103m cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> Coi nh\u01b0 <em>khi<\/em> \u0110\u00f4i khi, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 tang c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngay sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \"qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm\" \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n:<\/strong> Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n (cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i c\u00f9ng). Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh. H\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u2013 vi\u1ec7c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu \u0111i du l\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng tr\u1ebb em, h\u00e3y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho ch\u00fang c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng 11\/9, cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh l\u00fd, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c: n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9 (khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam), \u0111\u00e8n pin (cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p. C\u0169ng n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111au bu\u1ed3n \u2013 kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t thanh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap an \u1ee7i, v.v. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng\/m\u01b0a c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, h\u00e3y coi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 trang tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong> N\u00f3i nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9. Tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. T\u1eaft \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc im l\u1eb7ng (nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn tranh), h\u00e3y gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fat tay v\u00e0o t\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u0102n m\u1eb7c k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh (kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m). T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, nam gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u che \u0111\u1ea7u (m\u0169 ho\u1eb7c kh\u0103n qu\u00e0ng c\u1ed5) v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef che ch\u00e2n\/tay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam y\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i Auschwitz, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p trong doanh tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c khu t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a TripZilla t\u1ea1i Auschwitz r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u201ckhu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u201d. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tham quan Aokigahara c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u201c\u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed\u201d. Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea5m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, h\u00e3y tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. \u1ede b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a tang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay sai, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u01b0 Auschwitz th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eebng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 xem h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u2013 d\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 \u00edt th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Holocaust) r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac; h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh v\u00e0i gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n eo h\u1eb9p, h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: doanh tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Auschwitz).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111au bu\u1ed3n. N\u00f3i chung, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u1eafng nghe h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y?\u201d) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ed7i m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 cho b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Hiroshima c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111ang ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng (\u0111\u1ee9ng im l\u1eb7ng, v\u1ed7 tay nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v.v.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c:<\/strong> H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \"\u0111en t\u1ed1i\" c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Phong t\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n boa c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau: \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, vi\u1ec7c cho ti\u1ec1n boa nh\u1ecf cho h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i x\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c cho ti\u1ec1n boa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n). H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129a trang), vi\u1ec7c tham gia l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \"b\u1eaby du l\u1ecbch\" b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n \u2013 h\u00e3y \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n mua \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft danh s\u00e1ch quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed (t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7)<\/strong>\n\u2013 N\u00f3i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng; kh\u00f4ng h\u00e9t to hay c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.\n\u2013 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1n (bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea5m v\u00e0o, r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m).\n\u2013 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9\/ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t hay ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n\u2013 T\u1eaft ti\u1ebfng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh.\n\u2013 L\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi g\u1eady t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e1nh, v.v.).\n\u2013 V\u1ee9t r\u00e1c (gi\u1ea5y \u0103n, bao b\u1ecdc hoa) ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.\n\u2013 N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c r\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng thay v\u00ec n\u1ee9c n\u1edf l\u1edbn l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trang tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i:<\/strong> B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c (n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9, kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng), h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00eam nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n: m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ghi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i (m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n tay c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y mang theo thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng trong ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m). H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh (c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00e2m th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m:<\/strong> H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng). Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i. H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh: h\u00edt th\u1edf s\u00e2u, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<\/strong> H\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc xem c\u00f3 n\u00ean cho tr\u1ebb em ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m hay kh\u00f4ng. Nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia khuy\u00ean tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 tu\u1ed5i n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u1ea1i t\u1eed th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng (b\u00e1m v\u00edu, thu m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn). N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, h\u00e3y ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i: ra ngo\u00e0i khu tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m, t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf d\u00e0i y\u00ean t\u0129nh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e3n c\u01a1 nh\u1eb9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m (nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Holodomor ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng Rwanda) c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu \u0111i du l\u1ecbch theo nh\u00f3m (gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c tour c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean), h\u00e3y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ed5n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c tour cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n quay l\u1ea1i sau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m:<\/strong> L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n sau chuy\u1ebfn tham quan. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1, ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m) n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ebft b\u01b0u thi\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y (kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i g\u1eedi; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp suy ng\u1eabm c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n ngon mi\u1ec7ng ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng lo \u00e2u ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng (PTSD), h\u00e3y t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (blog, \u1ea3nh, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung (video, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, s\u00e1ch), h\u00e3y l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c sao cho th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c ch\u1ee5p g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p c\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh m\u00e1u me). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1t \u1edf Auschwitz t\u1eeb xa, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 du kh\u00e1ch \u0111ang l\u1eafng nghe h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam. Lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ghi \u201cc\u1ea5m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh\u201d, h\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung (\"n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\") c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111au bu\u1ed3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00f2ng hoa) ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2u view l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef:<\/strong> Khi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft \u1edf Campuchia\u201d l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang; tr\u00e1nh ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang web c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n; h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 danh t\u00ednh, h\u00e3y b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u1ed9i dung nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chia s\u1ebb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c blog, h\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu\u201d). Cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfm thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f4ng khai minh b\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00ec b\u00e1n \"tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i\" b\u1eb1ng \u00e1o ph\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n doanh thu qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Tr\u00e1nh gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \"b\u00e1n bi k\u1ecbch\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1nh gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u201cb\u1ea5t ng\u1edd\u201d hay nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kinh d\u1ecb. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t b\u00e2ng qu\u01a1 (\u201cr\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n,\u201d \u201cn\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc: ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec? Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n du l\u1ecbch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi bi k\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u2013 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u2013 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i du l\u1ecbch mang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng:<\/strong> Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c di t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. T\u1ea1i Campuchia v\u00e0 Rwanda, ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m n\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ba Lan, ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 Holocaust. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u00ean g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t, nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n thu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf Ghana ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Holocaust \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t). C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 du l\u1ecbch v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Rwanda \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tour du l\u1ecbch c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m), mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111i d\u1ea1o qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean tay trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i n\u1ed7i m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang b\u1ecb vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t (vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n b\u00fap b\u00ea t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb). Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb thi\u00ean tai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u: thu h\u00fat c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft \u1edf Campuchia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau n\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng n\u00ean chia s\u1ebb l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe). Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan ho\u1eb7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i Yad Vashem \u1edf Israel). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch quy\u00ean g\u00f3p ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady, du l\u1ecbch \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a TripZilla v\u1ec1 Jonestown \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d. Khi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng doanh thu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u2013 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c &amp; Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ed \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00ean cho h\u1ecdc sinh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (th\u00f4ng qua s\u00e1ch, phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t). C\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung g\u00e2y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy\u1ec1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trang nghi\u00eam \u0111\u00f4i khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft cho ph\u1ee5 huynh. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tham gia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean nam\/n\u1eef cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f9a t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7:<\/strong> T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan, h\u00e3y thu h\u00fat h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201ct\u00ecm m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean\u201d \u2013 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch y\u00ean t\u0129nh). Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong su\u1ed1t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Sau chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m, h\u00e3y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft. Cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng (chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i \u0111au). Giao c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e0 Anne Frank \u1edf Amsterdam hay \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf Washington \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch mang t\u00ednh b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi du l\u1ecbch d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tour du l\u1ecbch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u (\u201cb\u1eafn s\u00fang th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn tranh!\u201d) ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n (\u201cv\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t kinh ho\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn\u201d), h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh xa. Thi\u1ebfu minh b\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trang web, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1; m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t sao \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu m\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u2013 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p (c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c xem n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n c\u00e2u view. Nhi\u1ec1u \"blog v\u1ec1 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en\" c\u00f3 v\u0103n phong gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n; h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng tin (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Washington Post ho\u1eb7c National Geographic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y) thay v\u00ec tin ngay v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tour ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1n t\u00f9 v\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m di t\u00edch. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng (h\u00e3y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dac b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0o Auschwitz sau khi \u0111\u0103ng \u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3). Lu\u00f4n suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi ph\u1ea1m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, du l\u1ecbch \u0111en c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u2013 c\u00f2n du l\u1ecbch b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m &amp; Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb1ng sau h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m hay b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng phu. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 Holocaust c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5). Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Chris Hedges \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb \"t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng\" n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Khi tham quan, h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m (ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau n\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u1edf Rwanda gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ea3nh) ho\u1eb7c tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (\u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Whitney Plantation \u1edf Louisiana (b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c Khu Di s\u1ea3n L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3) ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a UNESCO d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c di t\u00edch Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Du l\u1ecbch B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u) bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u2013 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m am hi\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u1eddng hoan ngh\u00eanh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch du l\u1ecbch theo t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m (l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh khu v\u1ef1c)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean theo t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn 3-7 ng\u00e0y):<\/strong> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u1edf Ba Lan v\u1edbi Auschwitz\u2013Birkenau (n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y tham quan b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng + suy ng\u1eabm \u1edf khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Krak\u00f3w). \u1ede Ph\u00e1p, d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng cho H\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 Paris (n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc). \u1ede \u00dd, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Rome (tham quan ng\u1eafn khu Do Th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng) v\u1edbi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Pompeii. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Paris (Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd P\u00e8re Lachaise + tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I c\u1ee7a Orsay), Brussels (B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Xe l\u1eeda v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn tranh), Krak\u00f3w (Auschwitz), v\u00e0 Berlin (\u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Holocaust v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tour tham quan h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh). Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c):<\/strong> T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u1edf Tokyo \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Edo-Tokyo, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i Hiroshima (ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 2 \u1edf C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tham quan R\u1eebng Aokigahara v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c leo n\u00fai (ho\u1eb7c \u0111i t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn) n\u00fai Fuji (tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng h\u00e8 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac; m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu y\u00ean t\u0129nh h\u01a1n). L\u01b0u \u00fd \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: c\u1edfi m\u0169\/gi\u00e0y \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9. T\u1ea1i Campuchia, Phnom Penh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan: gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Tuol Sleng v\u00e0 C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (d\u00e0nh n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y cho m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i). \u0102n m\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 (qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o gi\u1eef \u1ea5m n\u1ebfu tham quan c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai nh\u01b0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf Campuchia\/Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n short ho\u1eb7c v\u00e1y).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 (g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i 2-4 ng\u00e0y):<\/strong> T\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb New York: d\u00e0nh n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 11\/9, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng (\u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn). Boston cung c\u1ea5p tour \u0111i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba). \u1ede Trung M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng K\u00fd \u1ee9c \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Guatemala r\u1ea5t x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng (g\u1ea7n ch\u1ee3 c\u0169). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nam M\u1ef9, l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tour Jonestown c\u1ee7a Guyana b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Georgetown; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tour nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Wanderlust Adventures t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tour 4 ng\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 C\u1ea3ng Kaituma). L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh: Atlantic City \u2192 Georgetown (\u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh tour), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn Jonestown (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng qua nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p). Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (m\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed7i, gi\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00f4ng) v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: Chernobyl\/Khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu\/khi an to\u00e0n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c tham quan Chernobyl s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t tour v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c tour n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y \u0111o li\u1ec1u ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. N\u00f3i chung: h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t tour tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, mang theo h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb mang r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra ngo\u00e0i (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c). C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p (kho\u1ea3ng 30 \u0111\u00f4 la) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tour. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, h\u00e3y mang theo kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng (khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng), v\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y mang theo qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y \u1ee7ng (tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1). H\u00e3y l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00ean tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng du l\u1ecbch uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhanh)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><br>Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tham quan nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c bi k\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb thi\u00ean tai. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Du l\u1ecbch tang l\u1ec5 so v\u1edbi du l\u1ecbch th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda\/chi\u1ebfn tranh?<\/strong><br>Thanatourism theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \"du l\u1ecbch t\u1eed th\u1ea7n\" v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i. <strong>Du l\u1ecbch th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda<\/strong> Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngay sau m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra. <strong>Du l\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tham quan c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c tham quan m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i, du l\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c du l\u1ecbch di s\u1ea3n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch?<\/strong><br>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do: s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bl\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh: s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 (\u201cnhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn\u201d), h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1eadt c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Tham quan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Tham quan ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh vi b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t?<\/strong><br>Khi vi\u1ec7c coi bi k\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh thi\u1ebfu t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1edbt l\u1edd n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0 Reid khuy\u00ean, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00f3 \"l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\" hay \"th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n\" hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu nghi ng\u1edd, h\u00e3y th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch \u0111en n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><br>Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung Auschwitz\u2013Birkenau (Ba Lan), khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m Chernobyl (Ukraine), \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 11\/9 (Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York), C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Hiroshima &amp; Nagasaki (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 Tuol Sleng c\u1ee7a Campuchia, Pompeii (\u00dd), H\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 Paris, R\u1eebng Aokigahara c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. (Ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u01b0 x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m\/\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch?<\/strong><br>H\u00e3y gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng, trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. \u0110i ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y ho\u1eb7c la h\u00e9t. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o). Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c: c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7t hoa, th\u1eafp n\u1ebfn, n\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m (c\u1edd, th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, th\u1ebb qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>V\u00e2ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u00e9 tham quan Auschwitz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f4i khi quy\u00ean g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, du l\u1ecbch thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>Ch\u1ec9 khi v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng quay phim g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o phong c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111au bu\u1ed3n. Ki\u1ec3m tra bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o: t\u1ea1i Auschwitz, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. <em>b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m.<\/em> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m sau khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ra bao l\u00e2u?<\/strong><br>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m (c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c). H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u00f4i ngoai. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 tang (49 ng\u00e0y trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, 3 n\u0103m trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c) khi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Chernobyl v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u2013 vi\u1ec7c tham quan m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Bom m\u00ecn ch\u01b0a n\u1ed5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 (Campuchia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u00ecn). Ki\u1ec3m tra <strong>khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o an to\u00e0n<\/strong> V\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt; h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i?<\/strong><br>H\u00e3y l\u00e0m theo danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra sau: nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9\/gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7t tour n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed7 \u1edf (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh), v\u00e0 mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch. Ki\u1ec3m tra tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u01b0a). L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sao cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea3nh sau nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. (Tham kh\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n \u201cL\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u201d \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh du l\u1ecbch n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>C\u00f3. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c uy t\u00edn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Sites of Conscience, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng du l\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c gia). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi xem m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng?<\/strong><br>N\u1ebfu tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i. H\u00e3y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (\u201cT\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u201d) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt t\u00f9y th\u00edch. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, h\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t trong im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n ra sao?<\/strong><br>Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y <em>L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/em> Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng du l\u1ecbch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9 (c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh), m\u1ed9t chai n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c m\u1ecfng (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n t\u00ean). \u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch tham quan d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong><br>Nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi; \u0111\u1eebng \u00e9p ch\u00fang tham quan m\u1ecdi khu tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. H\u00e3y trung th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft\u201d). \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an t\u00e2m (\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd sau chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m:<\/strong><br>Sau m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. Nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Auschwitz cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eebng ph\u1edbt l\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u1ea5y \u2013 h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 so v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n:<\/strong><br>N\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung (blog\/video) v\u1ec1 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, h\u00e3y c\u00f4ng khai thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc quy\u00ean g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ghi r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean\/kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i:<\/strong><br>H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chia s\u1ebb. N\u00f3i chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c video ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 sau khi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c hashtag t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng (#NeverForget l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hashtag ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn). Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb: m\u1ed9t khi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng khai m\u00e3i m\u00e3i \u2013 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft thi\u1ebfu t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a trang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tham quan c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/strong><br>Vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eeba b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c sau khi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u00fap mang l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c quy\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i du l\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m sau n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n. Lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (v\u00f9ng phong t\u1ecfa, l\u1ec7nh d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a:<\/strong><br>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c tang l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111en v\u00e0 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9; \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 10 ng\u00e0y; \u1edf Mexico, Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (Dia de los Muertos) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nghi th\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5). Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u00f4i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111au bu\u1ed3n\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9\/ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho du l\u1ecbch \u0111en c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c:<\/strong><br>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 UNESCO, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Di t\u00edch Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICOMOS) v\u00e0 Site of Conscience \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \"Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Turin\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a trang chi\u1ebfn tranh). H\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch:<\/strong><br>H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Campuchia, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft). \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (TripAdvisor, c\u00e1c blog du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c). C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 uy t\u00edn gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n:<\/strong><br>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 PSI (H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sau t\u1ef1 t\u1eed) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb du l\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c trang web nh\u01b0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o v\u1ec1 \u201cx\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. H\u00e3y mang theo danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u00ean cho ti\u1ec1n boa t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>Nh\u00ecn chung, ti\u1ec1n boa ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean, v.v.). Vi\u1ec7c boa ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh khu t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a (r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm), h\u00e3y l\u00e0m theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\/h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba:<\/strong><br>Khi tham quan c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t), h\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ho\u1eb7c con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch do con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. H\u00e3y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n g\u00ecn gi\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, h\u00e3y \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n X\u00e1c t\u00e0u N\u00f4 l\u1ec7 trong kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng \"\u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i\" c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><br>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o kh\u00e1ch quan n\u00e0o \u2013 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Dark-Tourism.com \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u201cDarkometer\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m. Nh\u00ecn chung, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u (nh\u01b0 Auschwitz hay Jonestown), th\u00ec c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111en t\u1ed1i\u201d h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00ean l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 danh ti\u1ebfng hay x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ma \u00e1m so v\u1edbi k\u00fd \u1ee9c:<\/strong><br>Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ma \u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch ma qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp Halloween th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111en t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang mang t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ranh gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed (m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed kinh d\u1ecb), th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch \u0111en t\u1ed1i theo ngh\u0129a nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c tham quan m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \"nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ma\" l\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111i qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sang v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ma, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trang nghi\u00eam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Du l\u1ecbch \u0111en \u2013 du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. C\u1ea9m nang to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. T\u1eeb Auschwitz v\u00e0 Chernobyl \u0111\u1ebfn Hiroshima v\u00e0 Jonestown, m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, an to\u00e0n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n), quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (quy t\u1eafc ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m u \u00e1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, c\u1ea9m nang n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch du kh\u00e1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u2013 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68843,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,5,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-unusual-places","category-magazine","category-travel-tips"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63453"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63453\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}