{"id":617,"date":"2024-08-04T18:51:57","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T18:51:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=617"},"modified":"2026-02-27T10:13:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T10:13:07","slug":"kim-tu-thap-lon-nhat-the-gioi-nam-o-mexico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/tourist-attractions\/the-largest-pyramid-in-the-world-is-located-in-mexico\/","title":{"rendered":"Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m \u1edf Mexico"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Cholula th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u00e0y \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Mexico th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng - m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u00fai l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay\u201d (Nahuatl tlachihualtepetl<\/em>) nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (~ 4,45 tri\u1ec7u m), n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ecf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng quang b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, s\u00e1u s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang c\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp: m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp adobe v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trang trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula: S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula. t\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, tlachihualtepetl<\/em>, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \"n\u00fai l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay\". N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Tepanapa hay \"\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Cholula\". Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1811, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Alexander von Humboldt th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d - m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3i \u00fd ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cholula n\u1eb1m trong thung l\u0169ng cao Puebla (\u0111\u1ed9 cao ~ 2.150 m), c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Puebla kho\u1ea3ng 10 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y tr\u1eddi quang \u0111\u00e3ng, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda Popocat\u00e9petl v\u00e0 Iztacc\u00edhuatl \u0111\u00f3ng khung \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. Trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u01b0a theo m\u00f9a (m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4), v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u00c2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> ~ 4,45 tri\u1ec7u m - th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u01a1 s\u1edf:<\/strong> Kho\u1ea3ng 300\u00d7315 m (bao ph\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n 16 ha).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Chi\u1ec1u cao:<\/strong> T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 66 m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 25 m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • S\u1ef1 thi c\u00f4ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c.300bce-900ce b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong kho\u1ea3ng 1.200 n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed
    Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 c\u1ee7a Humboldt c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Cholula l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cholula vs. Giza: So s\u00e1nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch Cholula l\u00f9n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p<\/td>kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (m)<\/td>Chi\u1ec1u cao (m)<\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
    Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a CHOLULA<\/strong><\/td>4,45 tri\u1ec7u<\/td>66<\/td><\/tr>
    Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Giza<\/strong><\/td>~ 2,4 tri\u1ec7u<\/td>146,6 (B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Cholula g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Khufu, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Giza\u2019s cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Cholula l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 16 ha so v\u1edbi Giza\u2019s ~ 5,3 ha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Cholula v\u00e0 Giza \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Cholula \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u0111\u00fac; C\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam d\u1ea7n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Khufu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n duy nh\u1ea5t trong kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m (kho\u1ea3ng 2560bce). Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u00f4n nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u0169 h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Giza t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng b\u00ean trong, trong khi Cholula\u2019s l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n m\u1edf (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Giza \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Pharaoh. Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula, tuy nhi\u00ean, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng v\u0169 Quetzalcoatl, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Cholula th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ban Nha. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00e0n th\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Giza t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t ho\u00e0ng gia, trong khi Cholula t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd c\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u1eddi gian x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (300BCE-900CE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • 300bce<\/strong> - Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Cholulan th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 200\u2013350ce<\/strong> - Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cKim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p s\u01a1n\u201d, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Cholula\u2019s Elite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 800\u2013900ce<\/strong> - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00edn t\u1ea7ng b\u1edfi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Olmeca-Xicalanca.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1200 CE<\/strong> - Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1; Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang v\u00e0 s\u1edbm b\u1ecb Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t bao ph\u1ee7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1519 CE<\/strong> - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y Ban Nha Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s \u0111\u1ebfn; V\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Cholula kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1574 CE<\/strong> - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Iglesia de Nuestra se\u00f1ora de los Remedios tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1931\u20131970<\/strong> - Nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Ignacio Marquina \u0111i v\u00e0o kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 8 km n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Teotihuacan v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i (b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Talud-Tablero c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a C.3rd Centurybce). C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cS\u1ed5 s\u01a1n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00edn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Olmec-Xicalanca (m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Toltec \u1edf Cholula) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 200 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 900CE. M\u1ed7i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp: v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u0169 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (1200ce), Cholula c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Aztec tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 \"bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t\"<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Khi Cort\u00e9s v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a anh ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cholula v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1519, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u01a1i tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria. Ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 Iglesia de los Remedios (1574) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean - quy m\u00f4 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 khai qu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh: bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      N\u0103m 1574, c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p. M\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u Baroque) v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u0169. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a trang web. B\u00ean trong l\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 s\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u00e0ng 24k. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o\u2018 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c cho ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o L\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c (1\u20132 th\u00e1ng 9). Khu kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch) thu h\u00fat kho\u1ea3ng 220.000 du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tham quan. C\u00e1c Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de los Remedios<\/em> Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd vang l\u00ean h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eafp n\u1ebfn tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ea5p - m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p di s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Khai qu\u1eadt s\u1edbm (1931\u20131970)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      N\u0103m 1931, nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Ignacio Marquina \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Cholula. Trong b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m kho\u1ea3ng 8 km qua g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111i n\u00e0y xuy\u00ean qua n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1u trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u\u201d) v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Marquina c\u0169ng ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 \u0111i theo c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch quan t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (2000 \u2013 nay)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u1edbi. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00f9ng tu do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Inah (do Catalina Castilla \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u: H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i Adobe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. B\u00ean trong c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n nghi l\u1ec5 - nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 g\u1ed1m v\u1edbi tro hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc ( th\u1ea7n m\u01b0a). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 3D hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng radar xuy\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t laser \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng \u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf tr\u00ean. M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Cholula, cho th\u1ea5y bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t - bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng hy sinh v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t T\u00e2y Ban Nha. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m l\u1edbn, th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1t nghi l\u1ec5. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean nang th\u1eddi gian phong ph\u00fa: m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt - c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xem k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u00ean trong kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p: Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 800 m\u00e9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u00ean trong g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, h\u1ecd \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111a s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u pulque nghi l\u1ec5. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m l\u1ed9 ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u1eb1m ngang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng - m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i tr\u1eafng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o g\u1ea1ch adobe c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t; Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi v\u1edbi glyphs h\u1eadu c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho Cholula tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00dd ngh\u0129a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a hai ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1. M\u1ed9t ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nghi l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a Cholula \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra - c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tlaloc s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p. \u0110i b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh lang n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc: Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tham quan \u0110\u1ea1i kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Cholula c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao ~ 2.150 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4 m\u00e1t (mang n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng). Gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a trang web th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 10: 00\u201317: 30, t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9 Ba \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt - Th\u1ee9 Hai, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda). M\u1ed9t v\u00e9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 85 MXN (US $ 4); Tr\u1ebb em th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. V\u00e9 bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 khu kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Puebla, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt ho\u1eb7c taxi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (20\u201330 ph\u00fat \u0111i xe). V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1ng 9, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm do \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o:<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ~ 85 MXN; Bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng trang web.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Gi\u1edd:<\/strong> ~ 10: 00\u201317: 30 (m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng \/ MON).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3:<\/strong> C\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Puebla 10 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Xe bu\u00fdt ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb B\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a Puebla; Trang web c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp taxi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0110\u1ed9 cao:<\/strong> 2.150 m - \u0110i ch\u1eadm n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> C\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ea5t kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Mang gi\u00e0y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Cholula (th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p). Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh flash trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc - v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 Hai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, trang web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1eb9o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9
        \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, h\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed9n khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Cholula v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Puebla ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 20 km). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m y\u00ean t\u0129nh h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y trong tu\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trang web c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o l\u1edbn, Cholula c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Du kh\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do \u0111i b\u1ed9 l\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p (c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn). \u1ede tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng khung c\u1ea3nh 360 \u00b0: nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t qua phong c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda. \u0110i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m v\u00e0o (d\u00e0i 800 m) v\u00e0 mang theo \u0111\u00e8n pin ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n trang web m\u1edd. B\u00ean trong, n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 y\u00ean t\u0129nh; B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Adobe v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng b\u1ecb b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m - b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m - c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t 1-2 gi\u1edd. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u0110\u1ebfn s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3ng gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Leo l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang ph\u00eda sau tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Sunrise \/ Alpenglow tr\u00ean Popocat\u00e9petl.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Xin ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u01a1n n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ean trong trang web, nh\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 9, h\u00e3y mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn cho Remedios<\/em> l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bao quanh kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula. Trong m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Nahua, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Xelhua \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 Quetzalcoatl sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u00ed m\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p cho Quetzalcoatl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt - c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Serpent-Deity. H\u00ecnh n\u00fai l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng v\u1eady: Iztacc\u00edhuatl v\u00e0 popocat\u00e9petl (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb trang web) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau nhau v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua sao, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n cho kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian v\u1ec1 v\u00e0ng \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh h\u00e0o quang b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Cholula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          B\u00ed \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Cholula l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 s\u00e1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u - m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Mesoamerican nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 radar xuy\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t 3D) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng con d\u1ed1c im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Cholula m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          T\u1ea1i sao Cholula kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafm c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ecf, v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm), Cholula kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 vinh quang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi. Trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UNESCO c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Puebla \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea), v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n. C\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Mexico n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n (Teotihuacan, Chich\u00e9n Itz\u00e1) c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng khai khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Cholula<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Cholula. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1edbi - v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u LIDAR n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch xung quanh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u00ednh kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n theo d\u00f5i adobe m\u1ecfng manh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng danh s\u00e1ch UNESCO c\u1ee7a Puebla \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m Cholula). M\u1ed7i n\u0103m mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb: T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2025, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a INAH ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khai qu\u1eadt c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp Muon. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Cholula ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n - c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bay l\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn khi n\u00fai l\u1eeda b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Cholula th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u00e0y \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Mexico th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng - m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay\u201d khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd ng\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. S\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp g\u1ea1ch adobe, m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 nghi nghi l\u1ec5, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trang trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ecf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Cholula r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Trang web n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh; \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ec7t n\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y Cholula v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0o l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n - m\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Great Pyramid of Cholula l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          H\u1ecfi: Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> A: Theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Cholula \u1edf Mexico l\u00e0 kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 4,45 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Q: Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula c\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u1edf Giza kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> A: C\u00f3 - v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula (~ 4,45mm) g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Khufu c\u1ee7a Giza (~ 2,4mm\u00b3). Tuy nhi\u00ean, Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Giza cao h\u01a1n (146,6m chi\u1ec1u cao ban \u0111\u1ea7u so v\u1edbi Cholula\u2019s 66m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Q: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula?<\/strong> A: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Iglesia de Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de los Remedios (1574) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec1n c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Q: Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> A: V\u00e2ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng (d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 800 m) m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua v\u00e0 xem c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt. V\u00e9 bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m. B\u00ean trong, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng \"ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u\").<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Q: Ai \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i?<\/strong> A: N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Mesoamerican k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 300 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 9. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Cholulan v\u00e0 Toltec s\u01a1 khai (Olmec-Xicalanca). M\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00f4n ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Q: Chi ph\u00ed bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula?<\/strong> A: M\u1ed9t v\u00e9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 85 MXN (kho\u1ea3ng $ 4 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025). Ph\u00ed n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m khu kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Trang web th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf c\u1eeda t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed9n (Th\u1ee9 Ba \u2013 Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng \u2013 Th\u1ee9 Hai).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Q: N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula?<\/strong> A: Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Teotihuacan v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Toltec (Olmec-Xicalanca). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Puebla-Tlaxcala tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra - n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Cholula (kho\u1ea3ng 300bce-900ce).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Ai C\u1eadp n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c c\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u1edf Mexico, \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Ai C\u1eadp. B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Cholula th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4892,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-617","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tourist-attractions","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=617"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}