{"id":531,"date":"2024-08-04T12:18:17","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T12:18:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=531"},"modified":"2026-02-27T11:45:29","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T11:45:29","slug":"nhung-dia-diem-ky-la-nhat-tren-hanh-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/unusual-places\/the-most-unusual-places-on-the-planet\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecba \u0110i\u1ec3m K\u1ef3 L\u1ea1 Nh\u1ea5t Tr\u00ean H\u00e0nh Tinh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em> Th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng Amazonian c\u1ee7a Peru n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 l\u00e0m s\u00f4i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb phong t\u1ecfa h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7y sinh v\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng qua b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean gia h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shanay-Timpishka: S\u00f4ng s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Amazon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Shanay-Timpish\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed & Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1:<\/strong> \u1ea8n s\u00e2u trong Amazon c\u1ee7a Peru, Shanay-Timpishka (l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Huallaga, v\u00f9ng Loreto) ch\u1ea1y kho\u1ea3ng 9km. n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng s\u00f4i<\/strong> - M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n s\u00f4i d\u1ecdc theo ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Andr\u00e9s Ruzo (khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i Ash\u00e1ninka c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1eeb Lima Ruzo bay \u0111\u1ebfn Pucallpa, l\u00e1i xe ~ 2 gi\u1edd tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Pachitea, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng kho\u1ea3ng 30 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng. T\u00ean Shanay-Timpish<\/em> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1eeb quechua \/ ash\u00e1ninka Shanay<\/em> (\u201c\u0110\u1ec3 s\u00f4i\u201d) v\u00e0 timpishka<\/em> (\u201cSun\u2019s Heat\u201d), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cLu\u00f4n v\u00ec n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng\u201d<\/strong>. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ash\u00e1ninka v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng (li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tinh linh Yacumama), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ee7a Ruzo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Shanay-Timpishka c\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi n\u00fai l\u1eeda<\/strong>. C\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ~ 700km, v\u00ec v\u1eady Ruzo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00fai l\u1eeda. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, n\u00f3ng g\u1ea7n ranh gi\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i qua c\u00e1c l\u00f2 xo b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Ruzo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ~ 99 \u00b0 C (210 \u00b0 F)<\/strong> T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m - \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1ed9c tr\u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \"gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm h\u01a1i b\u00ean trong l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1nh m\u00ec\"<\/em>. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Smithsonian, Ruzo l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\u201d. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gia nhi\u1ec7t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gradient n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh th\u00e1i & c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n s\u00f4i, R\u1ea5t \u00edt sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t<\/strong>. C\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa lao v\u00e0o b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecfng. D\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1ecfng: c\u00e2y c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Miami n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Shanay-Timpishka nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m \u1ea5m c\u1ee7a Amazon: n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng 1 \u00b0 C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ~ 11% s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i s\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u (d\u01b0\u1edbi ~ 50 \u00b0 C) th\u00ec c\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u1ebfch m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m; C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n 90 + \u00b0 C r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> D\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ash\u00e1ninka. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Yacumama, \"m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\", th\u1ed5i ra nh\u1eefng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n trong h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i \u1ea5m \u00e1p \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, \u0111i v\u00e0o \u201cGi\u1edd h\u01a1i\u201d<\/em> cho thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Boiling \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u00ea t\u00edn, m\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba & truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Yacumama:<\/strong> T\u00ean ash\u00e1ninka cho d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Shamans k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 Yacumama (m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n r\u1eafn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi) th\u1edf ra s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 n\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u00f4i. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c - nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y trong khi cung c\u1ea5p khoa h\u1ecdc: c\u00e1i t\u00ean Shanay-Timpish<\/em> b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tham quan Shanay-Timpishka: Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng: Shanay Timpishka Ecolodge, do c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cabin v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c. T\u1eeb Lima, chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i d\u00e0i: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng bay \u0111\u1ebfn Pucallpa, l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng. Ecolodge thu x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m vi\u00ean (s\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7). L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n:<\/em> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u01a1i trong c\u00e1c \u201cb\u1ec3 m\u00e1t\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u; D\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t 45\u201350 \u00b0 C, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o<\/strong> K\u00eanh n\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Ruzo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e2m 117 \u00b0 F (47 \u00b0 C) c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m l\u00e0 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 (th\u00e1ng 5 - th\u00e1ng 9), khi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n trong r\u1eebng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2025, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn Shanay-Timpishka ph\u1ea3i \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1eeb C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Ecolodge ho\u1eb7c Peru. Trang web l\u00e0 t\u1eeb xa (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 di \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n), v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai:<\/strong> Shanay-Timpishka n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi mong manh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec7 tinh cho th\u1ea5y 99% ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong> Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Miami \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u theo d\u00f5i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh du l\u1ecbch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (nh\u01b0 Ecolodge) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mang l\u1ea1i thu nh\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Shanay-Timpishka v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c: V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c kh\u00f4 n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Amazon trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng: Sinh quy\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Hang<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 & c\u00e1ch ly:<\/strong> N\u0103m 1986, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc Rumani khoan cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n Mangalia (Qu\u1eadn Constan\u015ba, Romania) \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u1ecfa cho ~ 5,5 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Movile (Pe\u015ftera Movile), c\u00e1ch b\u1edd Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en 3km. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc Cristian Lascu v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n<\/em>: ch\u1ec9 7\u201310% oxy (so v\u1edbi 21% b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c<\/em> v\u1edbi kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c. L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng (m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o s\u00e2u 21m) nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng k\u00edn kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Movile tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong:<\/strong> H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong Movile ch\u1ee9a ~ 10% oxy, 2\u20133% carbon dioxide (kho\u1ea3ng 100 \u00d7 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng), c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi 1\u20132% metan v\u00e0 hydro sunfua d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. \u1ede ~ 21 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 100%, b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m \u00e1p, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111i l\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n sunfua d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecfng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1: c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Movile g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi:<\/strong> c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c khi ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Th\u1ea3m vi sinh m\u00e0u n\u00e2u l\u00f3t l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3; Vi khu\u1ea9n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 metan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, Movile l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n: an H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Vi khu\u1ea9n trong \u201cfilm sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt\u201d s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n: c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c nh\u1ecf, isopod, nh\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 b\u1ecd c\u1ea1p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb phong \u1ea5n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Movile, c\u00f3 \"cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e9p k\u00edn c\u1ee7a Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Movile l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 1986 c\u1ee7a Kristian Lascu C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng: Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf, Biota ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh m\u1ee5c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu:<\/strong> Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Kho\u1ea3ng 50 lo\u00e0i<\/strong> Trong hang - h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 all<\/em> trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn 51 lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, ~ 30 lo\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu. (C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sau n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 57 lo\u00e0i, 33 lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.) V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1eaft (nesticus<\/em>), m\u1ed9t con r\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y (asellus<\/em>), B\u1ecd c\u1ea1p ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9a l\u00f4ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch m\u00e0u, \u0103ng ten v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n d\u00e0i, ch\u00e2n tay th\u00eam m\u00f3ng - nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf sinh v\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf; Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0 n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Movile l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh nh\u1ecf b\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u00e1u ch\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Movile l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed m\u00ea-tan, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi) gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng Europa c\u1ee7a Sao M\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c Enceladus c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Movile ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 anh em h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sinh h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean v\u0103n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh - v\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa. Do \u0111\u00f3, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a Movile th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta). V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2024, Movile th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf truy c\u1eadp & giao th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/strong> Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Movile n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a sau ba c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean s\u01a1. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n (v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o; \u00cdt h\u01a1n 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Romania v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u) tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t; Oxy v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng. Cao nguy\u00ean Istria xung quanh m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb phong \u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Movile n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n Mangalia, Romania. C\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp<\/strong> - C\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sao ch\u00e9p h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Movile t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Bucharest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Cursed Water Rock (Gi\u1ebfng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 Shipton, Anh)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0110\u00e1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed & \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> \u1ede Knaresborough, B\u1eafc Yorkshire, Anh, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 Shipton l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ed1t<\/strong>. C\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n Artesian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat d\u00e2n gian ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y) qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ebbm n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c cao canxi cacbonat<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo trong d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \"v\u1ecf\" kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea5u b\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/strong> C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan (calcium bicarbonate) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi n\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, canxi cacbonat (TUFA) k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u1edbp. Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf canxit r\u1eafn. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec<\/em> V\u1eadt th\u1ec3 x\u1ed1p nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \"t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1\". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ed3i b\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n l\u00f3t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4i h\u00f3a trong v\u00f2ng 3\u20135 th\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t tin t\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y: a G\u1ea5u Teddy c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 trong ~ 3 th\u00e1ng<\/strong>, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ed1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn hai n\u0103m. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1, gi\u00e0y, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> Gi\u1ebfng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Shipton \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1630 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Anh\u201d. V\u00e0o Ng\u00e0y N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Victoria, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y tin r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh. S\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u00edn \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a\u201d (li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1eef ti\u00ean tri n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Shipton) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 cho thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 kim t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Knaresborough bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i \u00e2u y\u1ebfm, \u1ee7ng, b\u00fap b\u00ea v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 xe \u0111\u1ea1p n\u1ea1m<\/strong> trong kho\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd - nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 \u201cvi\u00ean th\u1eddi gian\u201d. S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c blog khoa h\u1ecdc) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng<\/strong> cho m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f4i h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tin cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ba th\u00e1ng, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n: m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc g\u1eady cricket, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc radio di \u0111\u1ed9ng - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng tin tham quan:<\/strong> Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 Shipton v\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed (l\u01b0u \u00fd: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi English Heritage, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129). Trang web m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. T\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda v\u00e0o Rock Grotto, Well, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ng\u1eafn d\u1ecdc theo Thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng Nidd. N\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea3y quanh n\u0103m; T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (do t\u1ea3i kho\u00e1ng). C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf hang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i kh\u00f4 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 - m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \"b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a\" b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> \u0110i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 phim phong ph\u00fa - trang web l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u00ean trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thanh tao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3 Karachay: V\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"H\u1ed3<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n & \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m:<\/strong> \u1ede d\u00e3y n\u00fai ph\u00eda nam Ural c\u1ee7a Nga (Chelyabinsk Oblast) l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh: H\u1ed3 Karachay. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1951 tr\u1edf \u0111i, h\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i r\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady cho ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea5p cao t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Mayak Plutonium. H\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea3i ra kho\u1ea3ng 600roentgens m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i b\u1edd - m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd<\/strong>. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u1ee7a B\u1ee5i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1<\/strong> lan t\u1ecfa xa, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, Karachay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 4.44 ExabecQuerels<\/strong> (4,44 \u00d7 10 ^ 18 bq) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 cesium-137 v\u00e0 stronti-90. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Chernobyl \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CS-137 (0,085 EBQ). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, H\u1ed3 Karachay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Karachay l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u1eadt) cho bi\u1ebft ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd<\/em> s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (nh\u01b0 Ozyorsk) c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ung th\u01b0 cao b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1990, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o gamma cho th\u1ea5y ~ 6sievers m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd \u1edf r\u00eca h\u1ed3. (\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, 5SV n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong.) Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ed3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Mayak \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp\u201d. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u00e3i r\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i & ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch Nga cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2015, h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o<\/strong> V\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u1ed1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00f9n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. Khu v\u1ef1c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 v\u0169 trang th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u1edbp l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf H\u1ed3 Karachay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3<\/strong>; N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lan truy\u1ec1n qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Techa, n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn th\u0103m H\u1ed3 Karachay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Ngay c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, vi\u1ec7c \u1edf trong khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ed3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf Mayak hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong> trang web n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m<\/em> l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tour du l\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n - ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Karachay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: h\u1ed3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn khu\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh ho\u00e0ng \u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ao; Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm Geiger \u1edf xa v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00fcner Xem: C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vanishing (\u00c1o)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"H\u1ed3<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/strong> \u1ede d\u00e3y n\u00fai Styrian c\u1ee7a Alpine (g\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng Trag\u00f6\u00df), Gr\u00fcner See (\u201cH\u1ed3 xanh\u201d) tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 theo m\u00f9a. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 s\u00e2u ~ 1\u20132m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u ng\u1ecdc l\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o b\u1edfi t\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, tuy\u1ebft tan v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ed3 s\u01b0ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ~ 10\u201312m<\/strong>. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 6), n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1eadp ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf, r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean. Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u0103ng gh\u1ebf g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf m\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh trong xanh. Khi \u0111\u1ea7y, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, n\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4. Chu k\u1ef3 \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t\u201d t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan ng\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2016, c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Gr\u00fcner See \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eb7n v\u1edbi khung c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: hoa ch\u00ecm, b\u0103ng gh\u1ebf, c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 6\u20138m. C\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1ecbt b\u01a1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf (v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n (th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2016) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cv\u00e0o\u201d h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n v\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u00e3y chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng quang c\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Xem t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 6. \u0110\u1eadu xe t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u1ecf g\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m du kh\u00e1ch \u1edf Trag\u00f6\u00df, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1ed9 l\u00e1t v\u00e1n tr\u00ean cao m\u1edbi. M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i (v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea1nh, kho\u1ea3ng 6\u20137 \u00b0 C). \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb Mariazell ho\u1eb7c Bruck an der Mur g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan & quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua khu r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, h\u00e3y nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 6. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ra. H\u1ed3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i d\u1ea1o d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd quanh n\u0103m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8. L\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m (ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t); Quay phim b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. V\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m l\u0169 l\u1ee5t. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, Gr\u00fcner ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a h\u00e8, \u0111\u00f4i khi khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd theo m\u00f9a n\u00e0y v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh trong m\u1edd v\u1edbi r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5m l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Gr\u00fcner See. \u00cdt tuy\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n; S\u1ef1 ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng tan ch\u1ea3y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1edbm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, Gr\u00fcner See l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc tan ch\u1ea3y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch trong th\u1eddi gian l\u0169 l\u1ee5t ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2y anh \u0111\u00e0o Piedmont (Bialbero di Casorzo, \u00dd)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"C\u00e2y<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/strong> Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf Piedmont, \u00dd, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: Bialbero di Casorzo<\/em>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y anh \u0111\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 - c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng (Bialbero c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2y hai c\u00e2y\u201d). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gh\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t con chim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 anh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1c d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u1ea3 anh \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0a r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng qua th\u00e2n c\u00e2y d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e2y c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1edf hoa: V\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e1 d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m. Chi\u1ec1u cao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 5 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y anh \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m:<\/strong> B\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7ng, cho ph\u00e9p r\u1ec5 anh \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, anh \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u sinh - ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf, s\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Casorzo tr\u1edf n\u00ean phi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/em>. D\u00e2u t\u1eb1m (Morus alba) cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; Anh \u0111\u00e0o (Prunus avium) h\u00fat ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn chu vi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (chu vi th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ~ 5m cho d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ra qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c d\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 anh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a h\u00e8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghi ch\u00fa th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/strong> C\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i Piedmont minh h\u1ecda Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u sinh<\/em> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i: h\u1ea1t anh \u0111\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y khoang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 hai s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n l\u00e1 - m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sinh h\u1ecdc arborous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed & Th\u00f4ng tin tham quan:<\/strong> Bialbero di Casorzo n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng Grana v\u00e0 Casorzo (t\u1ec9nh Asti). Th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eadu xe t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua c\u1ed5ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda; Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 (n\u00f3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n nho Piedmont). Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (hoa tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e2y) ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9a thu (khi l\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t). C\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3i h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> Trong khi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u201cUno dei bialberi pi\u00f9 grandi del mondo\u201d (\u201cm\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Casorzo. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a UNESCO, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Piemonte. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u00dd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai lo\u00e0i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng Maracaibo: Lightning Catatumbo (Venezuela)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Ng\u1ecdn<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/strong> Tr\u00ean b\u1edd h\u1ed3 Maracaibo, Venezuela, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00eam. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, s\u00f4ng Catatumbo \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi c\u01a1n gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u201cRel\u00e1mpago del catatumbo\u201d n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t B\u00e3o s\u00e9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 10 gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam. L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 250 tia ch\u1edbp tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i km vu\u00f4ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn - tia s\u00e9t d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, bu l\u00f4ng n\u1ee9t 16\u201340 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat, chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u00eam s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 ban ng\u00e0y. Trong 300 ng\u00e0y trong n\u0103m, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7t tr\u1eafng xanh nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa tr\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Catatumbo th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. NASA b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u01a1n 300 ng\u00e0y b\u00e3o h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 ~ 28 l\u1ea7n s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat trong ch\u00edn gi\u1edd ngay sau khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n. Ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf Congo Mirador g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfm h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o duy nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c Guinness th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u1eadp trung cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u00e9t\u201d. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20131,3 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 .. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi kh\u00ed m\u00ea-tan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec7 tinh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Maracaibo c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 flash cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi - kho\u1ea3ng 250 nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i km\u00b2 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u00e9t catatumbo l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m \u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u01a1i \u1ea9m t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Caribbean va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 n\u00fai m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes. M\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t tia n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Caribbean h\u01a1i \u1ea9m v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y cumulonimbus dai d\u1eb3ng. Khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt si\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra s\u00e9t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong c\u01a1n b\u00e3o. Kho\u1ea3ng 90% th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c palafitos (nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ro. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u NOAA) l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1ea5p ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n<\/em> h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> C\u00e1ch xem t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a Catatumbo. M\u00f9a cao \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 9 - th\u00e1ng 10 (n\u0103m kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n). Mang theo \u1ed1ng nh\u00f2m ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng. C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi mu\u1ed7i - m\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xem s\u00e9t: Th\u00f4ng tin du l\u1ecbch:<\/strong> S\u00e9t Catatumbo \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Maracaibo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf (Ci\u00e9nagas, Congo Mirador) sau khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 trong 1-2 gi\u1edd \u0111i xe qua c\u00e1c tia ch\u1edbp. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung an to\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u00ean (h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tia s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc), du l\u1ecbch kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 tr\u00ean H\u1ed3 Maracaibo c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean s\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng\u201d \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng: c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng tia ch\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n 400 km, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn. Amerigo Vespucci n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Venezuela (\u201cLittle Venice\u201d) m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e9t \u201cCandelabra\u201d tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 phun tr\u00e0o kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t x\u1ea3y ra: Trong n\u0103m 2010, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i<\/strong> S\u00e9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u01a1n b\u00e3o c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3 xanh c\u1ee7a Hokkaido (Shirogane Aoi-Ike, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"H\u1ed3<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed & Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9:<\/strong> \u1ea8n m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng g\u1ea7n Biei, Hokkaido, Blue Pond l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1988, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng sau m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda Tokachi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Biei kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u00f9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ao n\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con su\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i Hydroxit nh\u00f4m keo<\/strong> v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0u xanh lam \u0111\u1eadm, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e2y. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u: nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong xanh tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean & Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0u s\u1eafc:<\/strong> M\u00e0u c\u1ee7a Ao xanh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00f4m. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Goshikinuma (m\u1ed9t ao kh\u00e1c m\u00e0u xanh) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ch\u1ea5t keo nh\u00f4m) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, c\u01a1n b\u00e3o Mindulle \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u ao v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch, ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u00e0u xanh lam \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc trong. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m: du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn m\u00e0u xanh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> Blue Pond n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Apple s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh (MacOS Sierra, 2016). Ng\u00e0y nay, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, khi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u xanh lam. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9a thu (gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10). \u0110\u1eadu xe t\u1ea1i b\u00e3i \u0111\u1eadu xe Shirogane Onsen (mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n) v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n trong r\u1eebng; To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 r\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 500m n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f9a:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho Ao m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o m\u1edbi. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, m\u00e0u ng\u1ecdc lam r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y tr\u1eafng tinh. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u00e0u ph\u1ea5n. Khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh ao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 11; Sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, c\u00e1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 b\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m xanh b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Hoa anh \u0111\u00e0o n\u1edf quanh n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng N\u0103m. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (m\u01b0a m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00e0u xanh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1eeda & Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn:<\/strong> Blue Pond n\u1eb1m trong khu ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t Shirogane Onsen (n\u1eeda gi\u1eefa Sapporo v\u00e0 Asahikawa). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan, quanh n\u0103m (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng trong tuy\u1ebft s\u00e2u). M\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a bao quanh h\u1ed3. L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Khu v\u1ef1c Biei Hill g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Hokkaido. Ao ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda Daisetsu-Tokachi (\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a UNESCO v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023). D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kh\u00f4ng b\u01a1i: h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i l\u00e0 axit<\/em> (pH th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trung t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00fai l\u1eeda, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 chu\u00f4ng Pennsylvania (Ringing Rocks Park)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Nh\u1eefng-vi\u00ean-\u0111\u00e1-k\u1ef3-d\u1ecb-\u1edf-Pennsylvania\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 Sonorous b\u00ed \u1ea9n:<\/strong> \u1ede Qu\u1eadn Bucks, Pennsylvania, n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: khi b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng vang nh\u01b0 chu\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ringing Rocks Park (Upper Black Eddy, PA), trang web chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y m\u1eabu Anh<\/strong> c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 diabase c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 gi\u00e0 Jura n\u00e0y c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00faa (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1; M\u1ed9t giai \u0111i\u1ec7u \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd. \u00c2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u00e2m vang \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n - m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201clithophonic\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u vang l\u00ean. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chi ti\u1ebft trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ra Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u00ean trong<\/em> (tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng) trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i diabase n\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p rung chu\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c (gi\u00e0u s\u1eaft v\u00e0 olivin) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, khi\u1ebfn Ringing Rocks tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tham quan C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Ringing Rocks:<\/strong> Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang quanh n\u0103m, do Qu\u1eadn Bucks duy tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u0103ng gh\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00e2n Boulder. C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u1ed3 cao su mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt (nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng), b\u1edfi v\u00ec du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho bi\u1ebft Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 n\u1eb7ng<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9a thu, khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 r\u01a1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m 1890 \u201cBu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c rock\u201d<\/strong> Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng J.J. Ott \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Lithophone t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y). B\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn - ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> Trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Lenape, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i chim hay \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1, s\u1ee3 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xem ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n mang theo:<\/strong> Mang gi\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn - b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd leo tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. M\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n ngoan (\u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c leo ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u (nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0i m\u00e9t). B\u1edfi v\u00ec trang web l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u0169 k\u1ef9, du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kawah Ijen: N\u00fai l\u1eeda xanh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"H\u1ed1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed & H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Kawah Ijen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Java, Indonesia. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda (Kawah c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda\" trong ti\u1ebfng Indonesia) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t to l\u1edbn<\/em> H\u1ed3 axit sunfuric \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 200m. H\u1ed3 m\u00e0u ng\u1ecdc lam tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i 722m, ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 27\u201329 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau axit (pH kho\u1ea3ng 0,1\u20130,5). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit cao l\u1edbn<\/strong> tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng - bong b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u01a1i l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh. duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Ijen, nh\u1eefng h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y th\u00e0nh Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u xanh \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda xanh:<\/strong> \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u xanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 dung nham m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t kh\u00ed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh. H\u01a1i l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c xanh nh\u1ea1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c fmaroles d\u1ecdc theo s\u00e0n mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi oxy, ch\u00fang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y \u1edf ~ 600 \u00b0 C, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i phun l\u1eeda m\u00e0u xanh lam. Cao t\u1edbi 16ft (5m), nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng m\u00e0u xanh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y qua \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111en v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u00fai l\u1eeda xanh\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du l\u1ecbch, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh minh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1\u20132 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng) \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0nh mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc, v\u00ec b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i. Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3 axit l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, h\u1ed3 mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda Ijen n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 chua c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m George Kourunis \u0111o pH ~ 0,13 \u1edf trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ~ 0,5 AT trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u0103m 2008. \u0110\u1ed9 axit gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 clo c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a tan h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ed3 (~ 29.000 m\u1eabu Anh) r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c Ijen \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 4 trong danh s\u00e1ch \u201cc\u00e1c h\u1ed3 axit l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u201d, sau nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Dallol, Ethiopia (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i). Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn h\u1ed3 t\u1eeb m\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00fa r\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 300m ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i v\u00e0nh l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf \u1edf Ijen n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. M\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh minh, kho\u1ea3ng 100 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi d\u00e9p sandal, cu\u1ed1c chim v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c m\u1ecf l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nung ch\u1ea3y ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang hai gi\u1ecf tre tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n g\u00e1nh g\u1ed7 qua vai, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 70\u201390 kg<\/strong> l\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c 45\u00b0. Qu\u00e3ng leo tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 3 km. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 leo n\u00fai v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng. Th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng $1\u20132 USD cho m\u1ed7i 80 kg h\u1ecd mang ra. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00e0n t\u1eadt v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n; nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u201cnh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n cong l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n t\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9c. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Indonesia c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Ijen, h\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eeda xanh x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch g\u1eb7p th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf \u1edf v\u00e0nh \u0111ai \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1. Lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y: Kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n cho th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn Kawah Ijen: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft:<\/strong> Ijen th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9 th\u0103m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn tham quan tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i t\u1eeb Bali ho\u1eb7c Java. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111i b\u1ed9 4\u20136km (2,5\u20134mi) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ed1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh minh. \u0110i \u1ee7ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u1ea5m. Mang theo \u0111\u00e8n pin ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n pha t\u1ed1t, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea ho\u1eb7c mua \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Banyuwangi). V\u00e0o c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi V\u01b0\u1eddn Qu\u1ed1c gia: T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p leo n\u00fai v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p; C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean t\u00ednh ph\u00ed gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda xanh ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng; H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc 9\u201310 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1eeda:<\/strong> V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda Ijen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a UNESCO, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ijen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Indonesia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1: l\u0169 qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 m\u01b0a axit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n tr\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o (l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c x\u0103ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 \u0111an xen c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda xanh r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh nh\u01b0 s\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf s\u1ea1n gan khi\u1ebfn Ijen kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi trang web n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/em> trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u01a1i<\/th>t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/th>ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>ph \/ h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/th>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/th>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \/ tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Shanay-Timpishka (Peru)<\/strong><\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ~ 99 \u00b0C (210 \u00b0F)<\/td>n\u01b0\u1edbc trung t\u00ednh; Kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan<\/td>\u0110i r\u1eebng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/td>\u00c1p l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng<\/td><\/tr>
Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Movile (Romania)<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1ch ly h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>~ 21 \u00b0 C h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1<\/td>2\u20133,5% CO\u2082, H\u2082s, CH\u2084<\/td>\u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda (ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc)<\/td>h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng mong manh; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a UNESCO<\/td><\/tr>
H\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1ebfng (Anh)<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a kho\u00e1ng cao<\/td>m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (~ 10\u201320 \u00b0 C)<\/td>pH ~ 7; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a Caco<\/td>m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch<\/td>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \/ x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi<\/td><\/tr>
H\u1ed3 Karachay (Nga)<\/strong><\/td>ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn<\/td>l\u1ea1nh (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t)<\/td>\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1; Di s\u1ea3n trung h\u00f2a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i<\/td>C\u1ea5m (khu gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n)<\/td>ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td><\/tr>
Gr\u00fcner See (\u00c1o)<\/strong><\/td>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u theo m\u00f9a<\/td>~ 4 \u00b0C (m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ebfn 12 \u00b0C (m\u00f9a h\u00e8)<\/td>N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt trung t\u00ednh<\/td>M\u1edf (Ch\u1ec9 xem)<\/td>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/td><\/tr>
Bialbero di Casorzo (\u00dd)<\/strong><\/td>t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>~ 15\u201325 \u00b0 C<\/td>pH \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>D\u1eebng b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/td>C\u00e2y non c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i<\/td><\/tr>
S\u00e9t Catatumbo (Venezuela)<\/strong><\/td>s\u00e9t dai d\u1eb3ng<\/td>d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t)<\/td>mu\u1ed1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng; H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh (Tham quan \u0111\u00eam)<\/td>H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2010)<\/td><\/tr>
Ao xanh (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n)<\/strong><\/td>Nh\u00f4m treo<\/td>~ 0\u201315 \u00b0 C<\/td>pH ~ 8 (ch\u1ea5t keo ki\u1ec1m)<\/td>M\u1edf khu du l\u1ecbch<\/td>C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch do b\u00e3o g\u00e2y ra<\/td><\/tr>
Ringing Rocks (M\u1ef9)<\/strong><\/td>c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2m th\u1ea1ch<\/td>m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (~ 10\u201320 \u00b0 C)<\/td>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t \/ kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/td>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td><\/tr>
Kawah Ijen (Indonesia)<\/strong><\/td>Kh\u00ed sulfuric axit<\/td>L\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ~ 600 \u00b0 C<\/td>pH ~ 0,1\u20130,5 (axit sunfuric)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh (c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i b\u1ed9 2 gi\u1edd)<\/td>Nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00ed n\u00fai l\u1eeda<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung: M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng - t\u1eeb v\u1eadt l\u00fd (t\u00ednh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, s\u00e9t) \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (\u0111\u1ed9 chua, b\u00e3o h\u00f2a kho\u00e1ng) \u0111\u1ebfn sinh h\u1ecdc (c\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch ly) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay (c\u00e2y k\u00e9p). Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch ly<\/strong> \u0110\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2: r\u1eebng s\u00e2u, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edn, l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t theo m\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 (Karachay ho\u1eb7c Ijen\u2019s Miners). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean: N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 axit (Ijen) ho\u1eb7c s\u00f4i (Shanay), kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf (di \u0111\u1ed9ng) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (catatumbo), v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \"c\u1ef1c \u0111oan\" n\u00e0y? V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> m\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>. Shanay-Timpishka, Kawah Ijen, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Blue Pond c\u0169ng n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00ec s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. C\u00e1c gradient \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00fai l\u1eeda th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c trang web nh\u01b0 Movile Cave cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/em> - Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi - l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi sinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (sulfua, metan, hydro) c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi khu\u1ea9n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Movile v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n oxy h\u00f3a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf Ijen l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt C\u00e1ch ly l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/strong> v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi. \u1ede Movile, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a qua h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edn. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 rung rinh, Glaciation \u0111\u00e3 che ch\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i Piedmont c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, n\u01a1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t (nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t) t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Karachay\u2019s ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, Blue Pond\u2019s Dam, Karachay\u2019s Discounting). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (Mobile\u2019s Gates, Green Lake\u2019s Diving C\u1ea5m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecba h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong> v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, n\u00fai l\u1eeda, b\u00e3o s\u00e9t, su\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng. H\u1ecd d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c \u0111oan (sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u (xem bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/em> B\u00e0i x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p) cho th\u1ea5y khi c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 metan, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, chia s\u1ebb nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1nh), \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i Ijen, Karachay, ho\u1eb7c Shanay-Timpishka th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 nhau. M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng sinh quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u00edch nghi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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  • Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Amazon (Shanay-Timpishka)?<\/strong>
    Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea5m b\u1edfi gradient \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Andr\u00e9s Ruzo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ~ 99 \u00b0 C. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Shanay-Timpishka l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi?<\/strong>
    Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong>. Vi khu\u1ea9n oxy h\u00f3a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 metan th\u1ea5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quang h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y H\u1ed3 Karachay hay S\u00f4ng s\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>
    H\u1ed3 Karachay n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi - kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i. s\u00f4ng s\u00f4i C\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9 th\u0103m th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 Ecolodge, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u1ec9 b\u01a1i trong h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb<\/em> H\u1ea1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p - s\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • T\u1ea1i sao Gr\u00fcner nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u00c1o bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i?<\/strong>
    Gr\u00fcner See \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi tuy\u1ebft tan. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ~ 12m, nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a h\u00e8, n\u00f3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1eddi gian th\u0103m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 6 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf gi\u1ebfng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 Knaresborough?<\/strong>
    N\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 canxi cacbonat). Khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t canxit s\u1ebd k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00ean ch\u00fang, ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1. M\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 g\u1ea5u b\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4i h\u00f3a trong kho\u1ea3ng 3 th\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • s\u00e9t catatumbo c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>
    Lightning c\u1ee7a Catatumbo ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 hi\u1ebfm khi g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc; M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean theo d\u00f5i d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che ho\u1eb7c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ed3 m\u00e0u xanh trong Hokkaido l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh?<\/strong>
    ao ch\u1ee9a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi Nh\u00f4m hydroxit<\/strong> c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u xanh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1edd m\u00e0u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh t\u1ea1i Kawah Ijen?<\/strong>
    C\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf \u0111i b\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda Ijen. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ecf tre \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c ra ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed7i gi\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a 70\u201390kg, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh tr\u00ean con d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gian kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi trang web \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng \u0111e d\u1ecda Shanay-Timpishka; \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t khi Karachay b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1; Du l\u1ecbch qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng t\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Gr\u00fcner See ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng manh c\u1ee7a Ijen. c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Movile Cave l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Boiling ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Amazon. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Casorzo c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y - thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201ctuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi\u201d - h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi may m\u1eafn, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c (c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang web n\u00e0y v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch UNESCO) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang th\u00eam. C\u1ea7u mong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng (m\u00e0u xanh lam ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c) tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    M\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang th\u1eed th\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tinh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bay xa v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-531","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-unusual-places","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=531"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/531\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}