{"id":36504,"date":"2024-12-05T22:35:18","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T22:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/?p=36504"},"modified":"2026-03-02T12:43:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T12:43:13","slug":"nhung-hon-dao-biet-lap-nhat-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/unusual-places\/worlds-most-isolated-islands\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Theo m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, <strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet<\/strong> \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng\u2026 <strong>1.639 km<\/strong> T\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Queen Maud Land, Nam C\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4 l\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. <strong>Tristan da Cunha<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 250-300 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3... <strong>2.400 km<\/strong> C\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c xa n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Tristan \u2013 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ng\u1eafn c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f2n tinh ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cc\u00e1ch ly\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam... <em>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/em> C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p kh\u1eaft khe, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng hoang m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y, Tristan da Cunha th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u0111i bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9). Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o <em>s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch ly<\/em> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea3o Bouvet (\u1edf 54\u00b0S, 3\u00b0E) c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng... <strong>1.639 km<\/strong> T\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, Tristan da Cunha n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch xa m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ch\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f4 l\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Tristan da Cunha c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2.400 km v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, c\u00e0ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n: C\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t (v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa hay kh\u00f4ng). C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet (Na Uy)<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>1.639 km<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t (V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Queen Maud, Nam C\u1ef1c). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trindade &amp; Martim Vaz (Brazil)<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>1.167 km<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Brazil. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Crozet (Ph\u00e1p)<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>1.050 km<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3o Prince Edward (Nam Phi). N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo m\u00f9a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Minami-Tori-shima (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n)<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>1.015 km<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1eafc Mariana. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kermadec (New Zealand)<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>1.000 km<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3o B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a New Zealand. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Clipperton (Ph\u00e1p)<\/strong> \u2013 ~~1.280 km~~ <strong>(x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9)<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Mexico. \u0110\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Heard (\u00dac)<\/strong> \u2013 ~~4.100 km~~ <strong>(x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9)<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u00dac (\u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Kerguelen c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 450 km). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u1eadn Nam C\u1ef1c; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa (c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Peter I (Na Uy\/Nam C\u1ef1c)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nam C\u1ef1c kho\u1ea3ng 450 km. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u1ea1i Nam C\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Amsterdam (Ph\u00e1p)<\/strong> \u2013 ~~3.500 km~~ <strong>(x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9)<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u00dac, c\u00e1ch Kerguelen 700 km. V\u00f9ng c\u1eadn Nam C\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Montagu (Nam Georgia v\u00e0 Nam Sandwich)<\/strong> \u2013 ~~1.100 km~~ <strong>(x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9)<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Nam Georgia. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hoang v\u1eafng. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 1.639 km m\u00e0 Bouvet d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp \u2013 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi b\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i n\u00e0o ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 Trindade v\u00e0 Crozets. H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eb1m \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng: s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang song song v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tristan da Cunha (V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch Nam Phi kho\u1ea3ng 2.400 km (l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t). D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 250 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Gough (320 km, nh\u01b0ng Gough ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Saint Helena (V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u Phi 1.950 km, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3o Ascension 1.100 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 4.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u00e2n bay m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Ascension (V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch Saint Helena 1.100 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\/qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bermuda<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch B\u1eafc Carolina, Hoa K\u1ef3 1.050 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 63.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ven \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh (Chile)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Chile 3.670 km, c\u00e1ch Salas y G\u00f3mez kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf 320 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 7.750 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Pitcairn (V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch Tahiti 2.170 km, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh 2.088 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 47 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i neo \u0111\u1eadu c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u HMS. <em>Ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> H\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Socotra (Yemen)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Yemen 240 km, c\u00e1ch Somalia kho\u1ea3ng 400 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 60.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kiribati<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1ea3o Malden, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf) 2.560 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 8.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 v\u00f2ng \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Line.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o B\u1eafc Sentinel (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch Chennai, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1.300 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i). Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea5m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Henderson (V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh)<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1ch l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t (Peru) 3.400 km. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1: 0 (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Pitcairn, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Tristan da Cunha l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t: v\u00e0i tr\u0103m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0o 2.400 km. St. Helena v\u00e0 Ascension \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Bermuda xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u2013 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i xa x\u00f4i so v\u1edbi B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi Salas y G\u00f3mez l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch \"kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch\" thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay). Pitcairn v\u00e0 Socotra cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 xa x\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet<\/td><td>1.639 km (V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Queen Maud, Nam C\u1ef1c)<\/td><td>Nam C\u1ef1c<\/td><td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Trinity v\u00e0 Martin Vaz<\/td><td>1.167 km (Brazil)<\/td><td>Brazil l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba<\/td><td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea3o Ascension<\/td><td>1.100 km (St. Helena)<\/td><td>Th\u00e1nh Helena<\/td><td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Th\u00e1nh Helena<\/td><td>1.100 km (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea3o Ascension<\/td><td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>Bermuda<\/td><td>1.050 km (B\u1eafc Carolina, M\u1ef9)<\/td><td>B\u1eafc M\u1ef9<\/td><td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Crozet<\/td><td>1.050 km (\u0110\u1ea3o Prince Edward)<\/td><td>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Prince Edward (Nam Phi)<\/td><td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>Minami-Tori-shima<\/td><td>1.015 km (Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1eafc Mariana)<\/td><td>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1eafc Mariana (Hoa K\u1ef3)<\/td><td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kermadec<\/td><td>1.000 km (\u0110\u1ea3o B\u1eafc, New Zealand)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea3o B\u1eafc, New Zealand<\/td><td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. C\u1ea3 Ascension v\u00e0 St. Helena \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb 1.100 km, v\u00ec ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n nhau. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n n\u00e0o. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u <strong>\u0110\u00fang<\/strong> (C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng) th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ascension c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 St. Helena hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017), trong khi Bouvet (No) c\u1ea7n t\u00e0u c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet \u2013 N\u01a1i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Bouvet-Island.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet\" title=\"\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed &amp; \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda hoang v\u1eafng n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 54\u00b025\u2032S, 3\u00b022\u2032E thu\u1ed9c Nam \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. <strong>49 km\u00b2<\/strong> V\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi b\u0103ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <strong>Nyroysa<\/strong>Nyr\u00f8ysa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Nyr\u00f8ysa \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Bouvet n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n r\u00eca ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a V\u00f9ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 Nam C\u1ef1c \u2013 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n xung quanh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa Nam Phi v\u00e0 Nam C\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n n\u00e0o 1.639 km, mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u \"h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf Bouvet l\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Nam C\u1ef1c h\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh m\u1ee9c -1\u00b0C quanh n\u0103m; m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 1-3) h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ecm trong gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t. Gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y nam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n; b\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a cao, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u nam) cho ph\u00e9p b\u0103ng tan tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu, b\u0103ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i hay b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, r\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba y c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khe n\u1ee9t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 xanh duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 x\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh theo m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a Bouvet (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh (\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a (mm)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t<\/td><td>+1 \u0111\u1ebfn +2<\/td><td>~120 (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00e1ng t\u01b0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>~ 80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y<\/td><td>\u20131<\/td><td>~ 60<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td><td>+1<\/td><td>~100<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u0103ng bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh \u0111\u1ea3o Bouvet trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian trong n\u0103m. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng h\u00e8, b\u0103ng tan cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eabn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Bouvet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c sinh s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n Nam C\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978\u201379 \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3ng <strong>117.000 con chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t sinh s\u1ea3n<\/strong> Tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t Ad\u00e9lie v\u00e0 Chinstrap. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn con h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u l\u00f4ng Nam C\u1ef1c l\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. H\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u voi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c thay l\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u Fulmar v\u00e0 chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u Petrel. C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o (b\u1ecd nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ve nh\u1ecf) s\u1ed1ng trong r\u00eau. C\u00f3 <em>KH\u00d4NG<\/em> \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t:<\/strong> Chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t Ad\u00e9lie v\u00e0 chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t Chinstrap th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0n l\u1edbn tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u:<\/strong> H\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u l\u00f4ng Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u voi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam sinh s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1 ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chim:<\/strong> Chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chim c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u1edd \u0111\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/strong> R\u00eau, t\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba y s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t tan b\u0103ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i m\u00f9a h\u00e8. C\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bouvet l\u00e0 <em>Khu v\u1ef1c chim quan tr\u1ecdng<\/em> (IBA) cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt du nh\u1eadp khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean s\u01a1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo d\u00f5i Bouvet, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed &amp; Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bouvet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u (nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp r\u00f5). <strong>Jean-Baptiste Bouvet de Lozier<\/strong> N\u0103m 1739, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o theo t\u00ean m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 (nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn \"ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb m\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7\"). H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1808. Na Uy ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Bouvet v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1927, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft c\u00e1 voi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm hoi. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928\u201329, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Na Uy \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng t\u00fap l\u1ec1u th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n. Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui. N\u0103m 1964, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Na Uy t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u sinh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Bouvet m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u2013 \u201cb\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea3o Bouvet\u201d \u2013 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1n ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Na Uy \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m quan tr\u1eafc th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1977, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1995 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng \u1edf Nyr\u00f8ysa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Bouvet l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Na Uy \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Nyr\u00f8ysa. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3... <strong>6 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong> M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. H\u1ecd thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c), theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u00edt \u1ecfi. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1m kh\u00e1 kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5: nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u1ec1u l\u1ee5p x\u1ee5p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00fap l\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 Nyr\u00f8ysa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5; \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng xa l\u1ea1. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ec9a mai: \u201cSau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn Bouvet c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c.\u201d Tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u Nam; v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m th\u1eed h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea3o Bouvet kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea3o Bouvet g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. Na Uy h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n hay c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a Bouvet v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tour du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn Bouvet. Du kh\u00e1ch m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean Bouvet \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Theo lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Bouvet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Na Uy. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ef1c Na Uy v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean b\u1edd l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Bouvet v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ebfm hoi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tristan da Cunha \u2013 H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Tristan-da-Cunha.jpg\" alt=\"Tristan da Cunha\" title=\"Tristan da Cunha\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed &amp; \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tristan da Cunha (ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cTRIS-t'n duh KAY-nyuh\u201d) n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 37\u00b0S, 12\u00b0W thu\u1ed9c Nam \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i Saint Helena, Ascension v\u00e0 Tristan da Cunha thu\u1ed9c Anh, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng nhau \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng\u2026 <strong>2.400 km<\/strong> C\u00e1ch Cape Town c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 xa Buenos Aires. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf. <strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Gough<\/strong> C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 320 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Tristan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda, r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 11 km, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. <strong>\u0110\u1ec9nh N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Mary<\/strong> (2.062 m). Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft n\u00e0y nh\u00f4 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb m\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc thoai tho\u1ea3i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t: <strong>Edinburgh c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3y Bi\u1ec3n<\/strong> (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201cEdinburgh\u201d), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Mary v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1910. C\u1ecf b\u1ee5i, d\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ec9 th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ec9 l\u00e1 kim nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng canh t\u00e1c nh\u1ecf g\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn hoang s\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t quanh n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 15\u00b0C, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 m\u01b0a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u1edf Tristan l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, cho ph\u00e9p canh t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Tristan c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u201c\u1edf t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. Du kh\u00e1ch mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 khung c\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i ven bi\u1ec3n: nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 s\u01a1n m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1eddn rau, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u00e1i t\u00f4n n\u1eb1m san s\u00e1t nhau b\u00ean v\u1ecbnh. Ph\u00eda xa b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng l\u0103n t\u0103n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n l\u00e2u n\u0103m nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong xanh, d\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 v\u1eaft ngang b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Edinburgh c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3y Bi\u1ec3n: Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Edinburgh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3o Tristan da Cunha. V\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t v\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecf k\u00edn gi\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u h\u1eb9p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ef1a; ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea3i s\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u1edf qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng (xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng, xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecf) \u0111\u1ec3 xua tan \u0111i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng; m\u1ed7i Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mang t\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f9ng nhau \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, chia s\u1ebb tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0. V\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn cricket b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t. Tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t; \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i \u0111i du h\u1ecdc (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Anh) theo c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng. \u0110i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Tristan v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 (t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n diesel), v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet (qua v\u1ec7 tinh) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 xa x\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn quanh n\u0103m (khoai t\u00e2y, c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t, b\u1eafp c\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t). C\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i g\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1eebu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 s\u01a1n nh\u00e0, t\u1ef1 may r\u00e8m c\u1eeda v\u00e0 v\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n h\u00f3a \u2013 g\u1ea1o, l\u00faa m\u00ec, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u1ea5u \u0103n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 <strong>250\u2013300<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Tristan. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Anh v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Scotland \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn khai hoang h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u1ecd (Glass, Swain, Lavarello, v.v.), ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7; vi\u1ec7c di c\u01b0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb r\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Phi. Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m y t\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e2n c\u01b0 Tristan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tristan, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng (St. Helena), nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean do V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m. Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3ng Tristan v\u00e0 Tobago (t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh 1:1 so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng Anh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Tristan r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do ch\u00ednh h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra. <strong>T\u00f4m h\u00f9m \u0111\u00e1 Tristan<\/strong> Ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp ch\u00ednh \u2013 t\u00f4m h\u00f9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sang Nam Phi v\u00e0 Anh). Ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, b\u1ed9t m\u00ec, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<br>\u2013 <strong>N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng khoai t\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn rau bao quanh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. G\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt. C\u01b0 d\u00e2n trao \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c chia s\u1ebb m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng.<br>\u2013 <strong>\u0110\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p c\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00f4m h\u00f9m \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (\u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb l\u00f4ng ng\u1ef1a) ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch ng\u00e1ch.<br>\u2013 <strong>Infrastructure:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y k\u00e9o duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, Tristan ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb Anh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 doanh thu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00fac. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t \u00edt: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00ednh quy m\u00f4 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf (n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i) n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Tristan da Cunha<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Tristan b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1... <strong>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> \u2013 li\u00ean k\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u (trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0...) <strong>MV Edinburgh<\/strong>T\u00e0u Tristan (m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o) kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb Cape Town. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 7-10 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. T\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t gia s\u00fac, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1edf Cape Town, v\u00e0 khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1edf c\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u du l\u1ecbch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Tristan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. <em>th\u00e1ng<\/em> L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. T\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u00e9 th\u0103m v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng Hai \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m (m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng). L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Tristan c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i quan nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t: du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean mang theo gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd th\u00f4ng quan do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tristan c\u1ea5p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ch\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nh\u1edd nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n). Mang theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e2u c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean bi\u1ec3n phong ph\u00fa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Tristan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\/Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p:<\/strong> Tristan da Cunha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Anh; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 du l\u1ecbch. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3o (th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe:<\/strong> Do v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd xa x\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (b\u00e1c s\u0129 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c:<\/strong> \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3ng Tristan (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng Anh). C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 ph\u00ed b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng mua b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn th\u0103m Tristan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \"du l\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ng sang\" \u2013 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c su\u00f4n s\u1ebb, vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n l\u00ean b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u00e2u l\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o: Chim h\u1ecda mi, Kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn &amp; Gough<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tristan da Cunha l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn:<br>\u2013 <strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Chim H\u1ecda Mi:<\/strong> C\u00e1ch Tristan 34 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam. M\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3... <strong>\u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/strong> (C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01a1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u1ea3i \u00e2u Tristan \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng). Du kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (du l\u1ecbch khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n).<br>\u2013 <strong>H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn:<\/strong> N\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Nightingale 19 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 (t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u1ecbt kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Tristan; vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm hoi.<br>\u2013 <strong>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Middle v\u00e0 Stoltenhoff:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf li ti ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Nightingale. Nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hoang s\u01a1.<br>\u2013 <strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Gough:<\/strong> N\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Tristan 320 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u1ea1m kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nam Phi (kho\u1ea3ng 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean). Gough kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u con chim, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u1ea3i \u00e2u m\u00e0y \u0111en).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean). Gough nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb Nam Phi. Nightingale v\u00e0 Inaccessible ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9 th\u0103m trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n hi\u1ebfm hoi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh (Rapa Nui) \u2013 R\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Easter-Island.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh\" title=\"\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Polynesia) <strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3<\/strong>(\u0110\u1ea3o Hawaii) n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 27\u00b0S, 109\u00b0W thu\u1ed9c ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng xa b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3ng... <strong>3.670 km<\/strong> t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Chile (qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) v\u00e0 <strong>2.800 km<\/strong> T\u1eeb Tahiti. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Pitcairn, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 2.088 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea3o Salas y G\u00f3mez kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 320 km, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh mang m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0... <em>Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>\u201cR\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tam gi\u00e1c, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 163 km\u00b2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba thoai tho\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ecf, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 ven bi\u1ec3n \u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u1ecd t\u1eebng m\u1ecdc d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n nay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng \u1ed5i d\u1ea1i, c\u00e2y toromiro v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Easter l\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi h\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng: m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1ea5m \u00e1p (kho\u1ea3ng 25\u201328\u00b0C) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a (15\u201320\u00b0C), v\u1edbi m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 (th\u00e1ng 11\u2013th\u00e1ng 3). H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1 thi\u00eang (ahu) mang nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Moai v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Danh ti\u1ebfng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean... <strong>xinh \u0111\u1eb9p<\/strong> \u2013 Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Polynesia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1200 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). G\u1ea7n 900 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai, cao trung b\u00ecnh 4-5 m\u00e9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u00f4ng coi c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng c\u1ecd t\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do chu\u1ed9t \u0103n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Cook \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1774, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 600 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rapa Nui c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y: truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201cdi chuy\u1ec3n\u201d c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y th\u1eebng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 d\u00e2y th\u1eebng), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Rapa Nui \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u2013 d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o (bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m moai ch\u00ednh) hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi UNESCO (V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Rapa Nui).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Jared Diamond <em>S\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5<\/em> (2005) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng Rapa Nui nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a vinh quang trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 Intihuatana, Ahu Tongariki v\u1edbi 15 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng <strong>7,750<\/strong> C\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rapa Nui b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Chile. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Chile, v\u00ec v\u1eady ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfng Rapa Nui. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o du l\u1ecbch; tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19, h\u01a1n 100.000 du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng (\u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, m\u0169 d\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khoai lang v\u00e0 b\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh, Hanga Roa, c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay nh\u1ecf (S\u00e2n bay Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Mataveri, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1967 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u00f3). D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 internet ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o (qua v\u1ec7 tinh), nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n diesel v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3. N\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf; c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Chile b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, Easter v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p hoang s\u01a1. V\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n Polynesia: \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y, h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft x\u0103m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u2013 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Tapati Rapa Nui h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) thu h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tham quan \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <strong>H\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng LATAM<\/strong> H\u00e3ng n\u00e0y khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (\u0111\u00f4i khi hai chuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y) t\u1eeb Santiago, Chile, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb Tahiti. Chuy\u1ebfn bay t\u1eeb Santiago m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 5 gi\u1edd. Trong m\u00f9a cao \u0111i\u1ec3m (m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2), c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Visa\/Nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong> Du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Chile. C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n M\u1ef9, EU v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p visa 90 ng\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1ebfn (vui l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Chile). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia (kho\u1ea3ng 60 USD t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025) \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan c\u00e1c di t\u00edch moai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ed7 \u1edf:<\/strong> Hanga Roa c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 (t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m trung). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf:<\/strong> Thu\u00ea \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 xe m\u00e1y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 xa (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 18 km), nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a. M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng quanh b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e1i xe, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 12 \u2013 th\u00e1ng 3) tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 n\u1eafng; v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 6 \u2013 th\u00e1ng 8) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0a. N\u00ean mang theo \u00f4 che n\u1eafng v\u00e0 kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng \u2013 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Rapa Nui \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao du l\u1ecbch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng: theo phong t\u1ee5c, du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean b\u1ecf m\u0169 khi v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ho\u1eb7c khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i. Tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai \u2013 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean mang theo m\u1ed9t \u00edt ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (\u0111\u1ed3ng peso Chile) \u0111\u1ec3 mua s\u1eafm nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Rapa Nui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. V\u00ec l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh n\u1eb1m \u1edf r\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, n\u00ean b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \"\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam\" m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y khi bay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 (b\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea3o Pitcairn \u2013 Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Pitcairn-Island.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ea3o Pitcairn\" title=\"\u0110\u1ea3o Pitcairn\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd &amp; V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o Pitcairn (25\u00b0 Nam, 130\u00b0 T\u00e2y) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c Anh \u1edf Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Pitcairn (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o Henderson, Ducie v\u00e0 Oeno). B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Pitcairn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 47 km\u00b2. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecbnh \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc; v\u1ecbnh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ecbnh Bounty, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n h\u1eb9p, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 kh\u1ea3 thi duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Henderson (c\u00e1ch 180 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf) v\u00e0 Mangareva \u1edf Polynesia thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p (c\u00e1ch 540 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf). Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn: kho\u1ea3ng 5.300 km \u0111\u1ebfn New Zealand, kho\u1ea3ng 2.600 km \u0111\u1ebfn Nam M\u1ef9. S\u1ef1 xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u00e2n bay n\u00e0o, khi\u1ebfn Pitcairn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Bounty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Pitcairn (kho\u1ea3ng 47 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025) h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a HMS. <em>Ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tahiti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u0103m 1790, Fletcher Christian v\u00e0 8 k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c (c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Tahiti) \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Pitcairn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y... <em>Ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> H\u1ecd l\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u2013 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch \u2013 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (John Adams) qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1829, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u lai gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf: Christian, Young, Warren, v.v. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1edbn. V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd xung quanh nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd n\u00e0y. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Tahiti. Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t, <strong>Adamstown<\/strong>Pitcairn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ea7n b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a (t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec7 tinh, internet), nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tham quan Pitcairn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Tristan, Pitcairn c\u0169ng v\u1eady. <strong>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Pitcairn th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u1ed7 cho h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. <strong>t\u00e0u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf<\/strong> T\u1eeb Mangareva, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 3 ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf. <em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea1c<\/em>Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u00f4i khi du thuy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng gh\u00e9 th\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Bounty r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m (c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 xu\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u00e0u v\u00e0o b\u1edd, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1eadp b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi Ban Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Pitcairn (qua trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd) kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, v\u00e9 kh\u1ee9 h\u1ed3i, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00fd l\u1ecbch (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng sau nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9). H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00fai gi\u1edd Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng; li\u00ean l\u1ea1c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua v\u1ec7 tinh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch (Pitcairn Lodge) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1ec5 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan c\u00e1c di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: <em>T\u00e0u HMS Bounty<\/em> Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m m\u1ecf neo, cu\u1ed1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh g\u1ed1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Adams. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 'Christian's Island Vengeance' (m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1edd). Pitcairn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ATM hay ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng; h\u00e3y mang theo ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua s\u1eafm. L\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng: m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng Pitcairn, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> \u201cCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Pitcairn r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft,\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o cho bi\u1ebft. \u201cKhi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng c\u00e2u c\u00e1, c\u00f9ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d B\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00e9p k\u00edn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00ec l\u00fd do kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng du kh\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea3o B\u1eafc Sentinel \u2013 H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ea5m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/North-Sentinel-Island.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ea3o B\u1eafc Sentinel\" title=\"\u0110\u1ea3o B\u1eafc Sentinel\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n Andaman<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o North Sentinel (11\u00b0N, 93\u00b0E) n\u1eb1m trong V\u1ecbnh Bengal, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Andaman v\u00e0 Nicobar c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 r\u1eebng bao ph\u1ee7 (~59 km\u00b2) n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Port Blair (th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Andaman) 50 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 n\u00f4ng, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o Andaman kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sentinelese<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>North Sentinel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. <strong>Sentinelese<\/strong> (M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh cho r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 50 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hay phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb xa ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (t\u1eeb th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba) cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u1eafn v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00e0 k\u00e9o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng s\u00e2u. Trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m xung quanh h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. N\u0103m 2004, sau tr\u1eadn s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n, tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sentinelese c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t hay kh\u00f4ng \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1eafn t\u00ean v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng bay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 1970 nh\u1eb1m trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n; b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. N\u0103m 2006, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1eafc Sentinel \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2018, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 North Sentinel l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u2013 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sentinelese l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. (M\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Onge g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sentinelese c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe y\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.) Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tranh lu\u1eadn, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd y\u00ean \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> <strong>Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea3o North Sentinel l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/strong> L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tu\u1ea7n duy\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tu\u1ea7n tra v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng 5 km; b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hay ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c (chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh n\u0103m 2018) c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t quy t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea3o North Sentinel l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m. \"S\u1ef1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n\" c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111ang d\u1ea7n phai nh\u1ea1t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o... <strong>khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m v\u00e0o<\/strong> D\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kerguelen \u2013 Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o hoang v\u1eafng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/The-Kerguelen-Islands.jpg\" alt=\"Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kerguelen\" title=\"Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kerguelen\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kerguelen (49\u00b0S, 70\u00b0E) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1eadn Nam C\u1ef1c \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nam v\u00e0 Nam C\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p (TAAF). C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 300 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0... <strong>Grande Terre<\/strong> (7.215 km\u00b2). Bi\u1ec7t danh c\u1ee7a Kerguelen, \"Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hoang vu\", \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng James Cook \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1776. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf: nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft tr\u1eafng (\u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1.850 m t\u1ea1i Mont Ross), cao nguy\u00ean l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh h\u1eb9p. Th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh nguy\u00ean \u2013 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf v\u00e0 r\u00eau c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e2y c\u00f3 hoa. Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (l\u1ea1nh, \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, gi\u00f3 c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh) khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. <strong>Port-aux-Fran\u00e7ais<\/strong> Tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecbnh Baie de l'Oiseau (\u201cV\u1ecbnh Chim\u201d). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1950, tr\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 45 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c quanh n\u0103m. H\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u2013 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chim c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n, chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e8o hoang (lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t). V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 450 km (\u0111\u1ea3o Heard) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch xa h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kerguelen l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u nam. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa bi\u1ec3n (h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u voi, c\u00e1 voi s\u00e1t th\u1ee7) \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u00ean v\u0103n (b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u nam h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n). Do s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u t\u1eeb R\u00e9union m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Port-aux-Fran\u00e7ais r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf chung k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1, n\u1ea5u \u0103n trong b\u1ebfp chung v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi u \u00e1m v\u00e0 b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7y uy nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u2013 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u1edf Kerguelen, gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb; b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam l\u1eb7ng gi\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 &amp; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hoang v\u1eafng, Kerguelen l\u1ea1i s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt phong ph\u00fa, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n:<br>\u2013 <strong>Chim:<\/strong> H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, <strong>h\u1ea3i \u00e2u m\u00e0y \u0111en<\/strong> Chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t vua r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Kerguelen l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 h\u1ea3i \u00e2u v\u00e0 chim prion \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br>\u2013 <strong>H\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u:<\/strong> H\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u l\u00f4ng c\u1eadn Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u voi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111ang l\u00ean b\u1edd.<br>\u2013 <strong>Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 13 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 hoa b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh r\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba y). C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 <em>B\u00e1nh Kerguelen b\u1eafp c\u1ea3i<\/em> (Bornmuellera speciosa) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vitamin C. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i \u2013 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> Yves de Kerguelen-Tr\u00e9marec l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1772, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Cook n\u0103m 1776, c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cDesolation\u201d (V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang t\u00e0n). Cook \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u hy v\u1ecdng (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t \u201cc\u00f3 v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt g\u00e0\u201d) nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.\u201d Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t: m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c du nh\u1eadp chu\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd (\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chim ch\u00f3c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">St. Helena \u2013 N\u01a1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Napoleon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/St.-Helena.jpg\" alt=\"Th\u00e1nh Helena\" title=\"Th\u00e1nh Helena\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 &amp; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o St. Helena (16\u00b0S, 5\u00b0W) n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda Nam, c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u Phi kho\u1ea3ng 1.200 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Brazil 1.950 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 giam gi\u1eef Napoleon Bonaparte (1815\u20131821) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf cho t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n. V\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cao nguy\u00ean g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 (v\u00f9ng \u201c\u0110\u1ec9nh Cao\u201d) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u1eadc thang ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017, c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, St. Helena \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay (khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2017) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb Johannesburg (~8 gi\u1edd bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh \u1edf Namibia). S\u00e2n bay \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea3o cho nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Du thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m c\u1ea3ng Jamestown m\u1edbi (ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2020), ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m neo \u0111\u1eadu \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a St. Helena r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1502, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1659 tr\u1edf \u0111i. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n. So\u00e1i h\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Nelson \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng neo \u0111\u1eadu t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1815, Napoleon, khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m t\u1ea1i Longwood House tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1821. M\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng (thi h\u00e0i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c: St. Helena t\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 (h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Anh \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800) v\u00e0 giam gi\u1eef t\u00f9 binh chi\u1ebfn tranh Boer. V\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. Jamestown, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Danh s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a UNESCO n\u00eau b\u1eadt di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a St. Helena (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1eadc thang Jacob's Ladder \u2013 699 b\u1eadc thang t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 c\u0169).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 St. Helena hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a St. Helena v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng... <strong>4,500<\/strong>C\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u00e2u Phi, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u2013 h\u01a1n 75% trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn. Ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i v\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bd\u1ea7u diesel, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf. Internet ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1p ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi d\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n: Jamestown c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m di s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Napoleon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i l\u00ean c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng (\"c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai\") cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 trong ng\u00e0y tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng quanh \u0111\u1ea3o mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh h\u00f9ng v\u0129. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng; v\u1edbi s\u00e2n bay, Saint Helena \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (qua m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u (th\u00e1ng 6-th\u00e1ng 8) l\u00e0 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u1edf St. Helena \u2013 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm chim. Du thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn St. Helena c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c du thuy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay khi c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00ed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n). H\u00e3y nh\u1edb mang theo m\u1ed9t \u00edt ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3ng Anh ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Anh: m\u00e1y ATM c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean th\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m <em>\u0110\u00eam<\/em> (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e2y x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3ng l\u00ea gai) v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u gin h\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1ch x\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Socotra \u2013 H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Socotra.jpg\" alt=\"Socotra\" title=\"Socotra\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Yemen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Socotra (12\u00b0N, 54\u00b0E) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eb1m trong eo bi\u1ec3n Guardafui thu\u1ed9c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd g\u1ea7n Somalia h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n Yemen (c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Somalia 350 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Yemen 250 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. Socotra c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 3.796 km\u00b2, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi d\u00e3y n\u00fai Hajhir. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed xa x\u00f4i, n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Socotra l\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 m\u1ea1nh (m\u01b0a t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Socotra n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong gi\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao. <strong>37% trong s\u1ed1 825 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 t\u00e1n r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ecf (c\u00e2y Huy\u1ebft R\u1ed3ng), c\u00e2y th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh chai t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc (hoa h\u1ed3ng sa m\u1ea1c), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y hi\u1ebfm hoi cho ra nh\u0169 h\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt b\u00f2 s\u00e1t v\u00e0 chim tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 chim s\u00e1o Socotra, chim h\u00fat m\u1eadt Socotra). Lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u01a1u. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cGal\u00e1pagos c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u01b0a m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u00edch nghi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea2 R\u1eadp kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Socotra r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u00ea, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n c\u1eebu \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i ho\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u) c\u0169ng \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. N\u0103m 1990, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Socotra l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n (to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008). Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Socotra bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tham quan Socotra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, du l\u1ecbch \u1edf Socotra r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u1edf Yemen. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i bay \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2n bay Socotra (c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay thu\u00ea bao t\u1eeb UAE ho\u1eb7c Ethiopia) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Somaliland. Hi\u1ec7n nay (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025), xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf Yemen khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 t\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i t\u1eeb UAE ho\u1eb7c Ethiopia, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 an ninh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o du l\u1ecbch c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 visa (c\u1ea3 cho Yemen v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh qua qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh), thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ch\u1ed7 \u1edf r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i). V\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 Cao nguy\u00ean Dixam ho\u1eb7c B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Qalansiyah, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e2y long n\u00e3o. V\u00ec l\u00fd do an ninh, h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Socotra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Yemen tu\u1ea7n tra; lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i du l\u1ecbch v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea3o Palmerston \u2013 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Palmerston-Island.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ea3o Palmerston\" title=\"\u0110\u1ea3o Palmerston\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Cook<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Palmerston l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Cook, n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 18\u00b0S, 163\u00b0W thu\u1ed9c Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 2,6 km\u00b2, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf (motus) bao quanh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 n\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Nassau (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf, c\u00e1ch 25 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Cook (nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3o Pitcairn) c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m km. Palmerston kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n thu\u00ea. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1ecfi (kho\u1ea3ng 30-35 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n gia \u0111\u00ecnh Marsters<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Palmerston \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp duy nh\u1ea5t: <strong>William Marsters<\/strong>N\u0103m 1863, Marsters v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c Polynesia \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Palmerston, khai hoang m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7). Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ed1n \"l\u00e0ng\" gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u2013 Elizabeth, Anne, Margaret v\u00e0 Sarah \u2013 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Palmerston l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng M\u0101ori c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Cook v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 trong \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c r\u1eb7ng c\u1ecd v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t l\u00e1 d\u1ee9a l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; gi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng: b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u00e0o (g\u1ea1o, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, t\u00f4n l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Rarotonga (kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m). Tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i; gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 em \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf Rarotonga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Palmerstone r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. H\u1ecd hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn Rarotonga ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 (c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb, c\u00e1 mahi-mahi) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng hai tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 Hai; c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c gia Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Cook, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd b\u1ea7u ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Willie Marsters) \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Rarotonga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Palmerston mang \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u1ed1n h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t t\u00fap l\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u201cnh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp\u201d, do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 nghi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. N\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 hay \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m (l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, l\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f9ng nhau \u0103n m\u1eebng v\u1edbi c\u00e1, d\u1eeba v\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Internet xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2011 qua v\u1ec7 tinh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm; n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. T\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ph\u00e0 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u2013 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3,\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f3i. \u201cKh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i y\u00eau th\u00edch n\u00f3.\u201d Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o Cook t\u1eeb Rarotonga) th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xe c\u1ed9 hay c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Palmerston, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh \u2013 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/The-Allure-of-Isolation.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp\" title=\"S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n? <em>c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/em> So v\u1edbi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c? Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>D\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet<\/td><td>1.639 km (Nam C\u1ef1c)<\/td><td>2.260 km (Tristan da Cunha)<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>T\u00e0u\/m\u00e1y bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng (hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p)<\/td><td>V\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh -1\u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tristan da Cunha<\/td><td>320 km (\u0110\u1ea3o Gough, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf)<\/td><td>2.400 km (Ch\u00e2u Phi)<\/td><td>~270<\/td><td>V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n (7-10 ng\u00e0y)<\/td><td>V\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi (8\u201315\u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh<\/td><td>320 km (Salas y G\u00f3mez, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf)<\/td><td>3.670 km (Chile)<\/td><td>~7,750<\/td><td>M\u00e1y bay (t\u1eeb Santiago)<\/td><td>V\u00f9ng c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (18\u201325\u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ea3o Pitcairn<\/td><td>2.100 km (Mangareva, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf)<\/td><td>2.700 km (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Hao, Polynesia thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p)<\/td><td>~47<\/td><td>T\u00e0u (h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng)<\/td><td>V\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (22\u201328\u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Socotra<\/td><td>240 km (\u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Yemen)<\/td><td>400 km (Somalia)<\/td><td>~60,000<\/td><td>C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay thu\u00ea bao theo m\u00f9a<\/td><td>Gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (20\u201335\u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00e1nh Helena<\/td><td>1.150 km (\u0110\u1ea3o Th\u0103ng Thi\u00ean)<\/td><td>2.300 km (Brazil)<\/td><td>~4,500<\/td><td>M\u00e1y bay (chuy\u1ebfn bay h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n)<\/td><td>V\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (22\u201330\u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">S\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh:\n\u2013 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o (Bouvet, Crozets, Kerguelen) \u1edf r\u1ea5t xa m\u1ecdi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c (Easter, Bermuda) xa x\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.\n\u2013 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 St. Helena c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m; Tristan v\u00e0 Pitcairn ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.\n\u2013 Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. M\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf Socotra cho ph\u00e9p n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y duy tr\u00ec 60.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 xa x\u00f4i; \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ef1c \u1edf Bouvet kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ai sinh s\u1ed1ng.\n\u2013 Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf so v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau: Tristan c\u00e1ch Gough (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf) 320 km, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n 2.000 km, v\u00ec v\u1eady v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 xa x\u00f4i. Easter \u201cch\u1ec9\u201d c\u00e1ch Salas y G\u00f3mez 320 km, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong><br>\u2013 <strong>S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p:<\/strong> Ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f4 l\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o. <em>ho\u1eb7c<\/em> xa nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng.<br>\u2013 <strong>T\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1, h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Tristan t\u1ef1 tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a, trong khi \u1edf Socotra, n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<br>\u2013 <strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c:<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay (nh\u01b0 Easter) s\u1ebd \u00edt \"h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh\" h\u01a1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 khi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch xa. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng (Tristan, Pitcairn) v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<br>\u2013 <strong>T\u00ednh theo m\u00f9a:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1eadn Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Nam C\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi xa x\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9a b\u00e3o. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \"m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khoa h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sinh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3o:<\/strong> L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y (do EO Wilson v\u00e0 Robert MacArthur ti\u00ean phong) d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt lo\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00ec th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu cao (c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Tristan da Cunha c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu 37% c\u1ee7a Socotra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Darwin tr\u00ean t\u00e0u HMS <em>Ch\u00f3 s\u0103n Beagle<\/em> N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Tristan, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Socotra, t\u1eafc k\u00e8 v\u00e0 th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Socotra ho\u1eb7c Kerguelen c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 chim Dodo, chim I'iwi \u1edf Hawaii v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c). C\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi chu\u1ed9t, m\u00e8o x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o Bouvet kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 may m\u1eafn; \u0111\u1ea3o Gough \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chu\u1ed9t x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim non bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh sinh h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, v.v.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tristan v\u00e0 Pitcairn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. North Sentinel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n) c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Pitcairn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y) theo c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Charles Darwin \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong <em>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i<\/em> (Chim s\u1ebb \u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos), v\u00e0 Alfred Russel Wallace \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o M\u00e3 Lai, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ranh gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 theo d\u00f5i chim b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3o (nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc) th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea3o\u201d \u2013 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed7i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u2013 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i d\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi tham quan c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch \u01b0a m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u201ch\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh\u201d n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tristan da Cunha:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u00ean t\u00e0u MV <em>Edinburgh<\/em> (T\u00e0u kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng t\u1eeb Cape Town, Nam Phi). C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean; d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd m\u1ea5t 7-10 ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u201cEdinburgh\u201d. H\u00e3y mang theo \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh (Rapa Nui):<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay t\u1eeb Santiago (Chile) b\u1eb1ng h\u00e3ng LATAM. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 5 ng\u00e0y\/tu\u1ea7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 du thuy\u1ec1n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Helena:<\/strong> Bay t\u1eeb Johannesburg, Nam Phi (c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n). N\u1ebfu \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m, du thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Jamestown (ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed b\u1ebfn du thuy\u1ec1n). Ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea xe h\u01a1i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n visa ngo\u00e0i di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Pitcairn:<\/strong> H\u00e3y tham gia chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1eeb Mangareva (Polynesia thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p). Ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf. Ho\u1eb7c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1eb1ng du thuy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang (ch\u1ec9 sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Pitcairn). Ch\u1ed7 \u1edf: m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u2013 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Socotra:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2025, du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 t\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch; h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Abu Dhabi (qua c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay thu\u00ea bao) ho\u1eb7c qua Addis Ababa\/Jeddah v\u1edbi h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Yemen Airways \u0111\u1ebfn Socotra (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb). H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bouvet, Kerguelen, B\u1eafc Sentinel:<\/strong> V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi gh\u00e9 th\u0103m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn giao th\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u du l\u1ecbch. Tristan v\u00e0 Pitcairn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c (Kerguelen, Nam Georgia \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u du l\u1ecbch th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m gh\u00e9 th\u0103m (n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t tour th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c). Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt s\u1edbm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay (\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, St. Helena, Socotra khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m xa h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 St. Helena c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1eb1ng du thuy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 gan d\u1ea1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 xa x\u00f4i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kiritimati, Marquesas, c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111i bi\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 neo \u0111\u1eadu (nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i c\u00f3 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n mang theo \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb ho\u00e3n chuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p &amp; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3:<\/strong> H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. Tristan da Cunha v\u00e0 Pitcairn tu\u00e2n theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Anh (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3). Easter v\u00e0 St. Helena tu\u00e2n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Chile\/Anh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3o Nightingale g\u1ea7n Tristan c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Tristan (r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p). C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o (Socotra) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 Pitcairn v\u00e0 Socotra c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u2013 h\u00e3y mang theo b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m s\u01a1 t\u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ea3i quan:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o xa b\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Kh\u00f4ng mang theo rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f4ng mang h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m sinh h\u1ecdc).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tristan da Cunha:<\/strong> B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u Nam <strong>cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a h\u00e8<\/strong> (Th\u00e1ng 11\u2013th\u00e1ng 3) c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u00f4n h\u00f2a nh\u1ea5t. Bi\u1ec3n m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 5\u2013th\u00e1ng 7) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh:<\/strong> M\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf Chile (<strong>Th\u00e1ng 12\u2013Th\u00e1ng 3<\/strong>M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 6-th\u00e1ng 8) \u1ea5m \u00e1p nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u1ea5t. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0a h\u01a1n. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Tapati v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Helena:<\/strong> M\u00f9a kh\u00f4 (th\u00e1ng 6-th\u00e1ng 9) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n h\u00f2a. Th\u00e1ng 1-th\u00e1ng 3 \u1ea5m h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 m\u01b0a r\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pitcairn:<\/strong> Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1ea5m \u00e1p quanh n\u0103m. Nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u (th\u00e1ng 6-th\u00e1ng 8) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb New Zealand v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Socotra:<\/strong> N\u00ean tr\u00e1nh m\u00f9a m\u01b0a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 6-9) v\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a l\u1edbn. Th\u1eddi gian du l\u1ecbch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a thu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 10-5).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ef1c\/H\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c (Bouvet, Kerguelen, v.v.):<\/strong> <strong>M\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u Nam (th\u00e1ng 1\u2013th\u00e1ng 3)<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi khi b\u0103ng bi\u1ec3n tan ch\u1ea3y; ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u theo m\u00f9a (b\u00e3o, gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, b\u0103ng gi\u00e1) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u00eam v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?<\/strong><br>A: Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, <strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet<\/strong> (m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Na Uy) l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng... <em>1.639 km<\/em> t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t (Nam C\u1ef1c). Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng, <strong>Tristan da Cunha<\/strong> (Nam \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng... <em>2.400 km<\/em> C\u00e1ch xa b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n l\u1edbn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><br>A: C\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. <em>c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng<\/em> V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Tristan da Cunha ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3o Gough kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf 320 km, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t (St. Helena) h\u01a1n 2.000 km. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u (c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?). Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e0ng xa ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \"h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh\" h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea3o Bouvet ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3o North Sentinel kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>M\u1ed8T: <strong>KH\u00d4NG.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m du l\u1ecbch \u2013 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc Na Uy m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ea3o North Sentinel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba: vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Sentinelese v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh du kh\u00e1ch (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi). C\u1ea3 hai h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh?<\/strong><br>A: \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1eeb Santiago, Chile (kho\u1ea3ng 5 gi\u1edd). C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 LATAM c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 3-4 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n. Trong m\u00f9a cao \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e8 \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 s\u1edbm. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0o t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh qua Santiago ho\u1eb7c Tahiti. Sau khi h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Chile. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh Chile (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho thu\u00ea xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao Socotra l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"\u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh\"?<\/strong><br>A: Phong c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Socotra \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e2y Huy\u1ebft R\u1ed3ng (v\u1edbi t\u00e1n l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u00f4), c\u00e2y Boswellia (c\u00e2y nh\u0169 h\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cGal\u00e1pagos c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean bi\u1ec7t danh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Tristan da Cunha s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/strong><br>A: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o Tristan th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. H\u1ecd tr\u1ed3ng rau (khoai t\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y, b\u00ed ng\u00f4) trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u1eebu v\u00e0 g\u00e0. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: T\u00f4m h\u00f9m \u0111\u00e1 Tristan l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c (nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh) c\u0169ng tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chia s\u1ebb n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, Tristan v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1ec7 tinh. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa th\u00f3i quen sinh ho\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0o?<\/strong><br>A: Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: <em>\u0110\u00fang<\/em> (c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch) cho <strong>Tristan da Cunha<\/strong> (b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00e0u cung \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Cape Town), <strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh<\/strong> (qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng), <strong>Th\u00e1nh Helena<\/strong> (tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n), <strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Pitcairn<\/strong> (tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3), v\u00e0 <strong>Socotra<\/strong> (Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n cho ph\u00e9p, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t). <em>KH\u00d4NG<\/em> v\u00ec <strong>Bouvet<\/strong>, <strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c ph\u00eda B\u1eafc<\/strong>v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thuy\u1ec1n du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea3o Pitcairn?<\/strong><br>A: Pitcairn r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ATM tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y mang theo ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n duy nh\u1ea5t). C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111i l\u1ec5 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u) v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t: b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n d\u00e0i. H\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y chuy\u1ebfn c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn (V\u1ecbnh Bounty kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n an to\u00e0n trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u00e3o t\u1ed1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0o tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>A: V\u00e2ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, <strong>Socotra<\/strong> N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 chim s\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1 Socotra v\u00e0 chim h\u00fat m\u1eadt Socotra. <strong>Tristan da Cunha<\/strong> c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i \u00e2u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean. <strong>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Kerguelen<\/strong> N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n. <strong>\u0110\u1ea3o Bouvet<\/strong> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo ch\u00fang (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <em>Nesoenas kittlitz<\/em> \u2013 chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u h\u1ed3ng \u2013 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn). \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0103n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1ecfng manh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim l\u00e0m t\u1ed5.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In an era of global connectivity and bustling tourist destinations, there remains a allure to the world&#8217;s most isolated islands. These remote outposts, scattered across vast oceans, offer a glimpse into untouched landscapes, unique ecosystems, and the raw beauty of nature. This comprehensive exploration will take you on a journey to some of the planet&#8217;s most secluded islands, delving into their geography, history, wildlife, and the challenges and rewards of visiting these far-flung corners of the Earth.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36517,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36504","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-unusual-places","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36504"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36504\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36504"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}