{"id":2577,"date":"2024-08-15T11:09:14","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T11:09:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=2577"},"modified":"2026-02-25T23:52:14","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T23:52:14","slug":"ho-baikal-ky-quan-thien-nhien-cua-nga-va-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/tourist-destinations\/lake-baikal-natural-wonder-of-russia-and-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed3 Baikal \u2013 K\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ed3 Baikal qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc xa x\u00f4i \u1edf Siberia n\u00e0y \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ec3n\u201d \u2013 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 25 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m) v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t (1.642 m) tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn 20% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c H\u1ed3 L\u1edbn \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Baikal l\u00e0 \u201cGalapagos c\u1ee7a Nga\u201d b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1n 3.700 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (80% \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu), m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u cho khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c \"l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\" \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00ean h\u1ed3 Baikal. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (1642 m) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Baikal (~25\u201330 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m) khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Anton Chekhov t\u1eebng th\u1ed1t l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng sau khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Baikal, \"m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca\" \u2013 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Siberia t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0... <strong>\u201cBi\u1ec3n thi\u00eang\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&#x1f30a; Lake Baikal \u2014 Quick Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i \u0111a:<\/strong> <strong>1.642 m (5.387 ft)<\/strong> \u2014 h\u1ed3 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> <strong>~23.600 km\u00b3<\/strong> - V\u1ec1 <strong>20% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<\/strong> <strong>~31.500 km\u00b2<\/strong> \u2014 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n B\u1ec9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i:<\/strong> <strong>~636 km<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o:<\/strong> <strong>~330<\/strong> s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 su\u1ed1i (l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t: <strong>S\u00f4ng Selenga<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ra:<\/strong> <strong>S\u00f4ng Angara<\/strong> (l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tu\u1ed5i:<\/strong> <strong>~25\u201330 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/strong> \u2014 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp b\u0103ng ph\u1ee7 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f3ng b\u0103ng <strong>Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang \u2013 Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m<\/strong>, v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 <strong>D\u00e0y 1\u20132 m<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 trong c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> D\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u0103ng, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi <strong>~40 m<\/strong> do \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh do s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ang b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y Baikal \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o \u00c1 \u00c2u v\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o Amur. Trong h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh s\u00e2u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y Baikal nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t... <em>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c r\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ki\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 Baikal b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef7 Oligocene \u2013 \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef7 Miocene (kho\u1ea3ng 25\u201330 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c (\u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 12.000 n\u0103m). C\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. <strong>\u201cC\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t:<\/strong> V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u2013 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ed3 Baikal ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u00e0i centimet m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do UNESCO t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Baikal \u201cn\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 <em>\u201cTi\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i centimet m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.\u201d<\/em>S\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf m\u1ed7i n\u0103m) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng xung quanh h\u1ed3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00ean b\u1edd t\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng phun tr\u00e0o t\u1eeb r\u1eebng taiga, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Rift:<\/strong> Thung l\u0169ng t\u00e1ch gi\u00e3n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ed3 Baikal h\u1eb9p (kho\u1ea3ng 15\u201320 km chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i) nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u2013 \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u 8\u20139 km d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n d\u00e0y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec h\u1ed3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng bao ph\u1ee7, n\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch n\u00e0y (d\u00e0y t\u1edbi 7 km) \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u2013 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0 gian b\u0103ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Siberia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea h\u1ed3 (\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tinh khi\u1ebft (tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c canxi cacbonat h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a) l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal. S\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1eef cho ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 oxy \u2013 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u0103m th\u1eb3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>H\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o. H\u1ed3 Baikal, n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c t\u00e1ch gi\u00e3n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, t\u1eebng centimet m\u1ed9t.<\/p><cite>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u2013 H\u1ed3 Rift<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lake-Baikal-Natural-wonder-of-Russia-and-the-World-4.jpg\" alt=\"H\u1ed3 Baikal - K\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Baikal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/td><td>H\u1ed3 Baikal<\/td><td>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/strong><\/td><td>1.642 m (5.387 ft)<\/td><td>H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td><td>~730\u20131.000 m<\/td><td>(T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin; nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i &amp; Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td><td>D\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 636 km, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a kho\u1ea3ng 79 km.<\/td><td>Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng nam \u1edf Siberia.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/td><td>~31.500 km\u00b2<\/td><td>C\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ec9.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00c2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td><td>~23.600 km\u00b3<\/td><td>Ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 20% \u200b\u200bl\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td><td>~25\u201330 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/td><td>H\u1ed3 l\u1edbn l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/td><td>T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u224840 m<\/td><td>N\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft (m\u00e0u xanh ng\u1ecdc lam trong su\u1ed1t).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o<\/strong><\/td><td>H\u01a1n 330 con s\u00f4ng (s\u00f4ng Selenga l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t)<\/td><td>Cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho h\u1ed3 Baikal t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ra<\/strong><\/td><td>S\u00f4ng Angara (g\u1ea7n Listvyanka)<\/td><td>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1eeda tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3, ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0110\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/td><td>27 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o (Olkhon l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t)<\/td><td>Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp h\u1ed3.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>L\u1edbp b\u0103ng ph\u1ee7<\/strong><\/td><td>B\u0103ng gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5; l\u1edbp b\u0103ng d\u00e0y t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 m\u00e9t.<\/td><td>N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u0103ng trong su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 pha l\u00ea (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3!).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi n\u00fai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng, l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c h\u1ed3 Baikal tr\u1ea3i qua m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ec3u Siberia (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201320 \u00b0C) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u00f4n h\u00f2a (kho\u1ea3ng +18 \u00b0C). N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebft tan v\u00e0 m\u01b0a cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho h\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. (Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 Baikal n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1edbi 40 m\u00e9t. \u0110\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u0103ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau th\u1ef1c \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n b\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u00e0u xanh th\u1eb3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n \u00e1nh n\u1eafng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f2m b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 v\u00f4 song. Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, Baikal l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 3.500\u20133.700 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, 70\u201380% l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. <em>kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t<\/em>\u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, Yellowstone hay Gal\u00e1pagos \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal, l\u00e0 l\u00fd do UNESCO m\u1ec7nh danh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ed3 Baikal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 <strong>H\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u201cGalapagos\u201d:<\/strong> G\u1ea7n 1.000 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt sinh s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u00ednh h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng (\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c, b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n, \u1ed1c s\u00ean, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng) th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1. UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu cao n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \"\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\" \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<br>\u2013 <strong>\u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 Baikal c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 50 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea3y. <em>Comephorus<\/em> (lo\u1ea1i \u201cgolomyanka\u201d), c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. C\u00e1 h\u1ed3i omul n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (<em>Coregonus migratorius<\/em>C\u00e1 t\u1ea7m (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1 v\u01b0\u1ee3c) l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ed3 Baikal c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 t\u1ea7m (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 t\u1ea7m Siberia \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00ec tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1 mu\u1ed1i). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 80% s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3.<br>\u2013 <strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Lo\u00e0i gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 amphipod c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. <em>Epischura baikalensis<\/em> Ch\u00fang n\u1edf hoa v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu Baikal c\u0169ng v\u1eady. <em>Lubomirskia baikalensis<\/em> Ch\u00fang sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1, l\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft.<br>\u2013 <strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n:<\/strong> Bao quanh b\u1edd h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 r\u1eebng taiga Siberia v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean n\u00fai cao, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea5u n\u00e2u, ch\u1ed3n Siberia, linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng sable, nai s\u1eebng t\u1ea5m, tu\u1ea7n l\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c (h\u01a1n 160 lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng \u1edf v\u00f9ng Baikal). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1edd h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 linh sam, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh hoang d\u00e3, th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t cho h\u1ed3. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1.500\u20131.800 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc) sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Baikal, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 Baikal th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed3? T\u1ea1i sao hai ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1 b\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf? M\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3: \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, gi\u00e0u oxy v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ngh\u00e8o ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u Baikal (Nerpa) \u2013 <em>M\u00e8o Siberia<\/em><\/strong>: Lo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y <em>ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t<\/em> T\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 Baikal, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 80.000\u2013100.000 con h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u Nerpa sinh s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng con h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u nh\u1ecf nh\u1eafn, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ch\u00f3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean b\u1edd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c b\u1edd \u0111\u00e1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0, h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u Baikal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u v\u00f2ng B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c, lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t khi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea5m l\u00ean sau K\u1ef7 B\u0103ng h\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang sinh con v\u00e0 thay l\u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. Nerpa l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u1edf Baikal v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1 Golomyanka (C\u00e1 d\u1ea7u Baikal)<\/strong>Hai lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 b\u1ed1ng trong su\u1ed1t (h\u1ecd Comephoridae) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf h\u1ed3 Baikal. Nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 m\u1ea3nh mai, m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 200\u20131.600 m v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c sinh con non (\u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1). C\u00e1 Golomyanka kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi 40% d\u1ea7u trong m\u00f4 \u2013 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0169ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 con m\u1ed3i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng (C\u00e1 h\u1ed3i Baikal)<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu (<em>Coregonus migratorius<\/em>(H\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c). C\u00e1 omul di c\u01b0 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a thu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh trong \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Siberia (c\u00e1 omul hun kh\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1 t\u1ea7m Baikal (Acipenser baerii baicalensis)<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 t\u1ea7m Siberia, sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Selenga) v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3. Lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 cho ra tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1 mu\u1ed1i qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ebfm hoi do n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1 ng\u1eeb v\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecf Baikal (Schizothorax sp.)<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y (ph\u00e2n h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p) bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf h\u1ed3 Baikal v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lavrentia Spartina (\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng):<\/strong> H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00e2n m\u1ec1m, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 giun tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ecd ch\u00e9t n\u01b0\u1edbc. <em>Daphnia hyalina baikalensis<\/em> v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n tr\u00f9ng <em>Epiphanes baikalensis<\/em> Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 oxy cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> Ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu. C\u1ecf b\u00f4ng Baikal v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i r\u00eau ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf v\u00f9ng cao xung quanh h\u1ed3 Baikal. H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng, linh sam v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 xung quanh h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng Siberia v\u00e0 linh sam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m di truy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau trong chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1; c\u00e1 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u v\u00e0 chim; h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u (nay \u0111\u00e3 an to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi n\u1ea1n s\u0103n b\u1eafn) l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho r\u00e1i c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0103n th\u1ecbt kh\u00e1c. Chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u2013 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch (nh\u01b0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 20% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lake-Baikal-Natural-wonder-of-Russia-and-the-World-2.jpg\" alt=\"H\u1ed3 Baikal - K\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2\" title=\"H\u1ed3 Baikal - K\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ed3 Baikal g\u1eafn b\u00f3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Buryat v\u00e0 Evenki b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 Baikal c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a d\u1ecdc b\u1edd h\u1ed3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0... <em>Bi\u1ec3n thi\u00eang<\/em> (Bi\u1ec3n thi\u00eang), ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u1ed3 Baikal c\u1ee7a Chekhov:<\/strong> Khi Anton Chekhov l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y (n\u0103m 1890), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng <em>\u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh ta t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca.\u201d<\/em>\u00d4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 Ivan Goncharov trong <em>T\u00e0u khu tr\u1ee5c Pallada<\/em>(\u00d4ng) \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u1ec1 l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n hoang s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u1eabn tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m du k\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ed3 Baikal xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Lusud-Khan, m\u1ed9t \"r\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian Buryat m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Lusud-Khan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 du kh\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tho\u1eaft \u1ea9n tho\u1eaft hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u0103ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 (petroglyphs) d\u1ecdc theo v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u2013 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o Olkhon, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m linh ph\u00e1p s\u01b0. T\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 Shamanka linh thi\u00eang (hay \u0110\u00e1 Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0) \u1edf b\u1edd t\u00e2y b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Olkhon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u00ean c\u00e2y xung quanh \u0110\u00e1 Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0, c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 trong t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Buryat v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. (B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Baikal \u1edf Listvyanka c\u0169ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 Baikal trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a: h\u1ecda s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Nicholas Roerich \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi h\u1ed3 Baikal v\u00e0 v\u1ebd n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Evenk v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Cossack \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd h\u1ed3 Baikal, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua Marathon tr\u00ean b\u0103ng Baikal ho\u1eb7c \"Ng\u00e0y Omul\" \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Baikal kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Siberia r\u1eb1ng: <em>\u201c\u1ede h\u1ed3 Baikal, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/em> S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft t\u00e2m linh quanh h\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi UNESCO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1996, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn H\u1ed3 Baikal (v\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3. <em>\u201cV\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt\u201d<\/em>Danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 8,8 tri\u1ec7u hecta r\u1eebng, n\u00fai v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xung quanh h\u1ed3. B\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a UNESCO nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0... <strong>\u201cH\u1ed3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9a g\u1ea7n 20% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d<\/strong>v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a <strong>\u201cM\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.\u201d<\/strong>\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed (vii) \u0111\u1ebfn (x) \u2013 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t), h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bao quanh h\u1ed3 Baikal. Nga \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean Barguzinsky \u1edf b\u1edd \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1917 (khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi). Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Baikal (1986), c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Zabaikalsky v\u00e0 Pribaikalsky (1986), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c. C\u00f9ng nhau, c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh, l\u00e3nh nguy\u00ean n\u00fai v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho h\u1ed3. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Baikal c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong khu v\u1ef1c l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1eadp trung s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd (v\u00e0 kinh ph\u00ed) v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ed3 Baikal. <em>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103m 2006, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 khen ng\u1ee3i Nga v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed3. N\u0103m 2010, Trung t\u00e2m Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (do Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Francesco Bandarin \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n (do UNESCO c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1) ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang n\u0103m 2018, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a 2.400 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c Baikal, khi\u1ebfn \u1ee6y ban Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a UNESCO t\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 Baikal:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed (viii)\u2013(x).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 <strong>(viii) \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 Baikal n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t khe n\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, mang \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. <em>\u201cNh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra\u201d<\/em>Tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ghi l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba.<br>\u2013 <strong>(ix) C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh th\u00e1i:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c.<br>\u2013 <strong>(x) \u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal (h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u, golomyanka, omul, v.v.) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a UNESCO, Lu\u1eadt Baikal qu\u1ed1c gia (ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m 2004) \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u2013 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1eef cho ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Baikal s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 50 n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong> Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd h\u1ed3 Baikal m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u1edf Baikalsk (x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103m 1966), n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 1971 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Baikalsk cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008 sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, <em>Ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y Anh<\/em> c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 <em>\u201cCh\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990.\u201d<\/em> Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng (bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t sinh v\u1eadt t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n) v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng:<\/strong> N\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c h\u1ed3 Baikal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4, vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00e9m) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng, g\u00e2y ra x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng ph\u00f9 sa \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang n\u0103m 2018, h\u01a1n 2.000 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bngh\u1ecb UNESCO. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng che ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee5c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 Baikal, g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 c\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi l\u1edbp b\u0103ng m\u1ecfng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Nhi\u1ec1u khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ven bi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng <em>\u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i r\u00f2 r\u1ec9\u201d<\/em> S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n h\u1ed3 Baikal. C\u00e1c b\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecbnh h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ea7n h\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu h\u1ed3 Baikal mang t\u00ednh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u00fat ng\u1eafn m\u00f9a b\u0103ng. L\u1edbp b\u0103ng m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du \u2013 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i di c\u01b0 (c\u00e1, chim) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di c\u01b0. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ed3 Baikal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0 cua m\u00f3ng tay Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eb1n t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 WWF, Greenpeace v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103m 2010, Greenpeace v\u00e0 WWF \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi 125.000 ch\u1eef k\u00fd t\u1edbi UNESCO y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cs\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i mong manh\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n nay cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Baikal \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb: c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Baikal v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf lu\u00f4n d\u00f5i theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1edbi n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m H\u1ed3 Baikal c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tham quan h\u1ed3 Baikal ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch \u01b0a m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 Baikal n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Siberia. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Irkutsk (ph\u00eda t\u00e2y) v\u00e0 Ulan-Ude (ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay khu v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn Moscow v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nga. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft xuy\u00ean Siberia huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i d\u1eebng t\u1ea1i Irkutsk ho\u1eb7c Ulan-Ude, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u00e0u ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb Irkutsk, \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 70 km \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd h\u1ed3 Baikal (t\u1ea1i Listvyanka). Xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 xe kh\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf (marshrutka) ch\u1ea1y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c:<\/strong> Du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c Nga. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nga c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i Baikal (\u1edf kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c tham gia tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 visa) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c Nga hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 6-th\u00e1ng 8) c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u00f4n h\u00f2a (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 15-20\u00b0C) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u00f9a du l\u1ecbch cao \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u0103ng tan, ph\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3o Olkhon d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 12-th\u00e1ng 3) mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c: h\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan tuy\u1ebft tr\u1eafng. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, l\u1edbp b\u0103ng tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n 1-2 m\u00e9t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang s\u01a1. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng m\u1edf ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ven bi\u1ec3n, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u00f3 k\u00e9o v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. (Nh\u01b0 Rough Guides \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u201ch\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1i xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u00f3 k\u00e9o v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng\u201d). C\u00e1c m\u00f9a chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (cu\u1ed1i xu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea7u thu) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u00edt \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u00fa:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n xung quanh h\u1ed3 Baikal tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf. \u1ede ph\u00eda Irkutsk, Listvyanka l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng ven h\u1ed3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Baikal v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Angara. \u0110\u1ea3o Olkhon c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 (khutor) \u1edf Khuzhir (l\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh) \u2013 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m linh. C\u1ea3ng Baikal v\u00e0 Slyudyanka ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft xuy\u00ean Siberia. \u1ede ph\u00eda Buryat, Gremyachinsk v\u00e0 Baikalsk ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho du kh\u00e1ch Nga (nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111i b\u1ed9). Nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn Irkutsk l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Baikal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Irkutsk v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o Olkhon, b\u0103ng qua s\u00f4ng Angara v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Listvyanka\u2013Olkhon (t\u1ea1i m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 Shamanka) v\u00e0 Listvyanka\u2013Bolshiye Koty. Xe h\u01a1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n quanh h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi xe \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i:<\/strong> Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 se l\u1ea1nh. N\u00ean m\u1eb7c \u00e1o kho\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1nh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf h\u1ed3 Baikal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn -30\u00b0C). Gi\u00e0y \u1ee7ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n (c\u00f3 b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00f9n). Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y mang theo kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng cho m\u00f9a h\u00e8, v\u00ec n\u1eafng g\u1eaft v\u00e0 mu\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1 tuy\u1ebft Baikal t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 tr\u00e0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u2013 h\u00e3y th\u1eed ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u1edbn, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng. Ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (\u0111\u1ed3ng r\u00fap) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh \u2013 m\u00e1y ATM c\u00f3 \u1edf Irkutsk v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y mang theo ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi lui t\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lake-Baikal-Natural-wonder-of-Russia-and-the-World-3.jpg\" alt=\"H\u1ed3 Baikal - K\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\" title=\"H\u1ed3 Baikal - K\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi - 3\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ed3 Baikal mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng quanh n\u0103m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf l\u1ee1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i &amp; \u0110i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i:<\/strong> V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng taiga v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf xung quanh h\u1ed3 Baikal. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc b\u1edd h\u1ed3 (h\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Angara g\u1ea7n Listvyanka) \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0... <em>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Baikal v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em>\u0110\u1ea3o Olkhon tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 leo l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh nh\u00ecn ra h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00f4ng hoang s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Bolshoy Kamen. \u0110\u1ea3o Olkhon c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p \u2013 leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0110\u00e1 Shamanka v\u00e0 l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh bi\u1ebfc tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u Baikal \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c r\u00eca b\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 xung quanh \u0111\u1ea3o Olkhon. B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Svyatoy Nos (M\u0169i Th\u00e1nh) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00ean b\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch ng\u1eafm chim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng, di\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o (chim s\u1ebb Baikal, chim s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng). Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng Sable, nai s\u1eebng t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 g\u1ea5u Siberia trong r\u1eebng. B\u00ecnh minh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u00e8o kayak:<\/strong> M\u00f9a h\u00e8 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n du ngo\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m k\u1ef3 v\u0129 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u. Thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kayak ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ec1n m\u00e1y nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 eo bi\u1ec3n \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng g\u1ea7n khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Khakusy r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ng\u00e2m m\u00ecnh trong l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m \u00e1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. C\u00e1c th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n y\u00eau th\u00edch Baikal v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u0103ng (v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean) ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m l\u1eb7n \u1edf Listvyanka v\u00e0 Goryachinsk t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a l\u1eb7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e2u c\u00e1:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng Baikal r\u1ea5t \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 omul v\u00e0 c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i x\u00e1m. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u00e2u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 thao v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1eaft. C\u00e2u c\u00e1 tr\u00ean b\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, khi ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n khoan l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u tr\u00ean b\u0103ng:<\/strong> T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng Ba, m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh 4x4 b\u0103ng qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn Olkhon, ho\u1eb7c thu\u00ea xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng \u2013 h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u khi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ban ng\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua Ice Bowl Race (cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua marathon tr\u00ean gi\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng quanh nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean b\u0103ng) thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Di t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> H\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m \u0110\u00e1 Th\u1ea7y c\u00fang v\u00e0 C\u00e2y C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (Sagaan-Khaya) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Olkhon. Tham quan b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi Taltsy g\u1ea7n Irkutsk \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Buryat v\u00e0 Evenki. T\u1ea1i Listvyanka, h\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc H\u1ed3 Baikal (v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng phao). C\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u00fang n\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 xe h\u01a1i, h\u00e3y l\u00e1i xe d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ushkanyi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00f2ng quanh h\u1ed3 Baikal (tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft xuy\u00ean Siberia c\u0169) g\u1ea7n c\u1ea3ng Baikal. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5, h\u00e3y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Great Baikal Trail ho\u1eb7c \u0111i t\u00e0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng phong c\u1ea3nh ven h\u1ed3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i theo m\u00f9a:<\/strong> V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Naada, m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Buryat v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111ua ng\u1ef1a. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i b\u0103ng Baikal \u1edf Listvyanka (th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u0103ng, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh hay phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, h\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c du ngo\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4n ngoan \u2013 h\u1ecd am hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ed3 Baikal mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng quanh n\u0103m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf l\u1ee1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i &amp; \u0110i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i:<\/strong> V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng taiga v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf xung quanh h\u1ed3 Baikal. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc b\u1edd h\u1ed3 (h\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Angara g\u1ea7n Listvyanka) \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0... <em>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Baikal v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em>\u0110\u1ea3o Olkhon tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 leo l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh nh\u00ecn ra h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00f4ng hoang s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Bolshoy Kamen. \u0110\u1ea3o Olkhon c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p \u2013 leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0110\u00e1 Shamanka v\u00e0 l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh bi\u1ebfc tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u Baikal \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c r\u00eca b\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 xung quanh \u0111\u1ea3o Olkhon. B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Svyatoy Nos (M\u0169i Th\u00e1nh) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00ean b\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch ng\u1eafm chim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng, di\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o (chim s\u1ebb Baikal, chim s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng). Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng Sable, nai s\u1eebng t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 g\u1ea5u Siberia trong r\u1eebng. B\u00ecnh minh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u00e8o kayak:<\/strong> M\u00f9a h\u00e8 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n du ngo\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m k\u1ef3 v\u0129 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u. Thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kayak ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ec1n m\u00e1y nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 eo bi\u1ec3n \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng g\u1ea7n khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Khakusy r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ng\u00e2m m\u00ecnh trong l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m \u00e1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. C\u00e1c th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n y\u00eau th\u00edch Baikal v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u0103ng (v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean) ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m l\u1eb7n \u1edf Listvyanka v\u00e0 Goryachinsk t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a l\u1eb7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e2u c\u00e1:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng Baikal r\u1ea5t \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 omul v\u00e0 c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i x\u00e1m. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u00e2u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 thao v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1eaft. C\u00e2u c\u00e1 tr\u00ean b\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, khi ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n khoan l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u tr\u00ean b\u0103ng:<\/strong> T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng Ba, m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh 4x4 b\u0103ng qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn Olkhon, ho\u1eb7c thu\u00ea xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng \u2013 h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u khi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ban ng\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua Ice Bowl Race (cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua marathon tr\u00ean gi\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng quanh nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean b\u0103ng) thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Di t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> H\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m \u0110\u00e1 Th\u1ea7y c\u00fang v\u00e0 C\u00e2y C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (Sagaan-Khaya) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Olkhon. Tham quan b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi Taltsy g\u1ea7n Irkutsk \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Buryat v\u00e0 Evenki. T\u1ea1i Listvyanka, h\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc H\u1ed3 Baikal (v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 c\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng phao). C\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u00fang n\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 xe h\u01a1i, h\u00e3y l\u00e1i xe d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ushkanyi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00f2ng quanh h\u1ed3 Baikal (tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft xuy\u00ean Siberia c\u0169) g\u1ea7n c\u1ea3ng Baikal. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5, h\u00e3y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Great Baikal Trail ho\u1eb7c \u0111i t\u00e0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng phong c\u1ea3nh ven h\u1ed3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i theo m\u00f9a:<\/strong> V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Naada, m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Buryat v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111ua ng\u1ef1a. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i b\u0103ng Baikal \u1edf Listvyanka (th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u0103ng, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh hay phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, h\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c du ngo\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4n ngoan \u2013 h\u1ecd am hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>Nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi UNESCO t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ed3 Baikal kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Nga m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cdi s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa suy ng\u1eabm<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: H\u1ed3 Baikal n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/strong><br>A: H\u1ed3 Baikal n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam Siberia, Nga, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa t\u1ec9nh Irkutsk v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Buryatia. H\u1ed3 c\u00e1ch Moscow kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Irkutsk (tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Angara) n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch b\u1edd h\u1ed3 Baikal kho\u1ea3ng 70 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: H\u1ed3 Baikal s\u00e2u bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><br>A: V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 1.642 m\u00e9t (5.387 ft), h\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 25-30 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cBi\u1ec3n thi\u00eang\u201d?<\/strong><br>A: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Siberia t\u00f4n k\u00ednh h\u1ed3 Baikal nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang, b\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p hoang s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201cBi\u1ec3n Thi\u00eang\u201d ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ngay c\u1ea3 Anton Chekhov c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a Baikal. Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u201cthi\u00eang li\u00eang\u201d c\u0169ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc Lusud-Khan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e1 Shamanka, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o?<\/strong><br>A: H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ef1c cao. Kho\u1ea3ng 3.500\u20133.700 lo\u00e0i sinh s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 70\u201380% trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u Baikal, c\u00e1 golomyanka, c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i omul, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, gi\u00e0u oxy \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: H\u1ed3 Baikal c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>A: V\u00e2ng. N\u0103m 1996, h\u1ed3 Baikal v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 xung quanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o Danh s\u00e1ch Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO. H\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (vii\u2013x) v\u00ec v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><br>A: H\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda: \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y c\u0169 x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i); n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c do du l\u1ecbch (x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7); v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp b\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Baikal. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m h\u1ed3 Baikal l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o?<\/strong><br>A: \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 6-th\u00e1ng 8) c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea5m \u00e1p h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00e0 phong c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t \u2013 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i b\u00ean h\u1ed3. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 1-th\u00e1ng 3) bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 Baikal th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean b\u0103ng gi\u00e1: h\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (th\u00e1ng 1-th\u00e1ng 5), cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e2u c\u00e1 tr\u00ean b\u0103ng, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng trong v\u1eaft. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 4-th\u00e1ng 5) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t b\u0103ng tan ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, trong khi m\u00f9a thu (cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8-th\u00e1ng 9) mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n l\u00e1 m\u00f9a thu tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p. M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 Baikal b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/strong><br>A: C\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua Irkutsk, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay t\u1eeb Moscow v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb Irkutsk, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft xe bu\u00fdt ho\u1eb7c taxi \u0111\u1ebfn Listvyanka tr\u00ean b\u1edd h\u1ed3 Baikal. Ho\u1eb7c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa xuy\u00ean Siberia \u0111\u1ebfn Irkutsk ho\u1eb7c Slyudyanka. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ph\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m n\u1ed1i Irkutsk v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o Olkhon v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean h\u1ed3; v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u1edf h\u1ed3 Baikal?<\/strong><br>A: Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc b\u1edd h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e8o kayak tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft, v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u Baikal t\u1eafm n\u1eafng tr\u00ean b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3. Tham quan \u0110\u00e1 Shaman tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Olkhon v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Baikal \u1edf Listvyanka c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfm th\u1eed m\u00f3n c\u00e1 omul hun kh\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ed3 Baikal \u1edf Siberia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u00e2u t\u1edbi 1.642 m\u00e9t, Baikal l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 3.500 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (kho\u1ea3ng 80% ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi Baikal l\u00e0 \u201cGalapagos c\u1ee7a Nga\u201d nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1edd h\u1ed3 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft: Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nga Chekhov t\u1eebng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng sau khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Baikal, \u201cm\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ng\u00e0y nay H\u1ed3 Baikal \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb n\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u201cBi\u1ec3n thi\u00eang\u201d nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5097,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2577","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tourist-destinations","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2577\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}