Gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 tho\u1ea3ng qua nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh khi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh Badaling, g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ghi v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. G\u1ea7n 2.600 n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 21.000 km. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u201ctr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian \u2013 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ma qu\u00e1i \u2013 m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft truy t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch (nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i ca \u0111au l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef), nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i (n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1eddng, thi th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong v\u1eefa), v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau nhi\u00ean (g\u1ea1ch ma thu\u1eadt, th\u00e1p canh b\u1ecb ma \u00e1m). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e8o Gia V\u0169, ti\u1ebfng ve k\u00eau r\u00e2m ran tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f9a h\u00e8) v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia s\u01a1 khai nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu (770\u2013476 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean), khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c trong v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc S\u1edf l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh\u201d d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd b\u1eafc s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc kh\u00e1c (Y\u00ean, Tri\u1ec7u, T\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c) c\u0169ng l\u00e0m theo, m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh l\u0169y d\u1ecdc theo bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafp v\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1y song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bTrung Qu\u1ed1c trong su\u1ed1t 2.700 n\u0103m\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2025, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u1edf t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u00e2y Chu (kho\u1ea3ng 1046\u2013771 TCN) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu. Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u2013 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ec1 \u2013 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 641 km v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u201c\u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t\u201d t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi S\u1edf (770\u2013476 TCN), c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: S\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, kho\u1ea3ng 680\u2013656 TCN, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c du m\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n Tri\u1ec7u Kh\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8o C\u1eedu Long \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ea S\u1edf. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc: c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3i k\u00fd nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean... Shiji<\/em> Sau n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c (475\u2013221 TCN), m\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ec1u tranh gi\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Chu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng; \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Y\u00ean \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7n \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y, H\u00e0 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh cai tr\u1ecb, d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p canh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai v\u00e0 g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00eda nam n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0; r\u00eca ph\u00eda b\u1eafc gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u00e0n t\u00edch t\u1ea1i C\u00fac Dung (B\u1eafc Kinh) ho\u1eb7c S\u01a1n H\u1ea3i Quan (H\u00e0 B\u1eafc). C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u2013 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d khi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0o n\u0103m 221 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng, v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ch\u1eafp v\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 M\u1ea1nh Thi\u00ean \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kh\u1eafp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Li\u00eau \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea3o (Cam T\u00fac) \u200b\u200b\u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. S\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 km. Theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn<\/em> M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n tin cho bi\u1ebft M\u1ea1nh Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 binh s\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c tham gia nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e9n. (Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1p g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3.) V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng 20% \u200b\u200bd\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p nguy hi\u1ec3m. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Arthur Waldron ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \"kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9\" trong 15 n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hung N\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong su\u1ed1t thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn Minh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Minh (1368\u20131644), sau 276 n\u0103m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean\u201d, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n 2.600 n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n xa x\u00f4i h\u01a1n \u2013 t\u1ea1i Gia V\u0169 Quan \u1edf Cam T\u00fac ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t \u1edf H\u00e0 Nam \u2013 \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean d\u1ea5u t\u00edch m\u1edd \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cdt c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda bi k\u1ecbch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0ng, Ph\u00e0n L\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111i x\u00e2y V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh ngay sau \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi. Sau ba n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tin t\u1ee9c g\u00ec, M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mang qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 cho ch\u1ed3ng. N\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e8o hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1n H\u1ea3i Quan (\u0110\u00e8o \u0110\u00f4ng). \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, n\u00e0ng hay tin ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, n\u00e0ng kh\u00f3c su\u1ed1t ba ng\u00e0y. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn 800 d\u1eb7m (400 km) V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0ng\u201d. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4m ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa. Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean b\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n (206 TCN \u2013 220 CN), giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 chung th\u1ee7y kh\u00f3c b\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft: nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 vinh quang t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf T\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1594 mang t\u00ean b\u00e0). B\u00e0i ca v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang<\/em> C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quen thu\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh: b\u00e0 \"k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p ban \u0111\u1ea7u coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Julia Lovell l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n \u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft, \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac\u201d (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch kh\u00f3 tin, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft m\u00e3 h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh). Theo th\u1eddi gian, M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong \u201cT\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 T\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1ed7i khi V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec1n M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf H\u00e0 B\u1eafc, mang nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 (n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Di t\u00edch Kuaide \u1edf T\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u00e0y nay). C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n v\u00e0 T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng \u2013 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong opera, phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 x\u00e2y. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. M\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 400.000\u201d<\/em> C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng trang web du l\u1ecbch ma \u00e1m c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a r\u1eb1ng V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u1edf V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n: s\u1eed gia T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 800.000-1.000.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00ednh trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch 9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, \u201ckho\u1ea3ng 10%\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng 130.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh suy \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u2013 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, say n\u1eafng, tai n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp; nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u01b0u \u00fd: nh\u1eefng suy lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh sau n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u2013 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra \u00edt th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft<\/em> Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft? \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp ng\u0169 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. ng\u1ee5 \u00fd<\/em> C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t (do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef \u0111au bu\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean than phi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 \"s\u1ef1 gian kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o\" c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong v\u1eefa x\u00e2y? Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, \u201cKh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y thi th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/em> B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c khu m\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u0169 d\u1ecdc theo bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu m\u1ed9 n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong l\u00f5i V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn mang t\u00ednh th\u01a1 ca: ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang khi h\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i.) B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra: nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hy sinh) ngay c\u1ea3 khi chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u00e0ng gia v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n. Theo lu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p binh l\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn nam thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Ngay sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, s\u1eed s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng M\u1ea1nh Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 500.000 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn: nh\u00e0 B\u1eafc T\u1ec1 (550\u2013577) \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 1,8 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 1.400 km t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf T\u00f9y v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ghi ch\u00e9p cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y). T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1ee5 \u00e1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u00e1n b\u1ed1n n\u0103m) b\u1ecb xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 t\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan li\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n leo l\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p; v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch lan tr\u00e0n. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c tham nh\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tra t\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c than th\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u201cn\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, n\u00ean con s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng manh m\u1ed1i n\u00e0y: c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau \u201ckh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec7t n\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 \u200b\u200b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00eam v\u1ebb huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8o Gia V\u0169 Quan (c\u1ed5ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y), m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Yi Kaizhan h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 99.999 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i. \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda) b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng: n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng sai d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed. Khi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, Yi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfm sai m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0... \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t t\u1eed\u201d<\/em> \u0110\u1ec3 gia c\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. \u00d4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi tay v\u00e0o. V\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i EnclavedMicrostate gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cYi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n 99.999 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch; khi ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 99.998 vi\u00ean, \u00f4ng ta cho \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch c\u00f2n th\u1eeba l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ec3m b\u00f9a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/strong>\u201c .<\/strong> Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 (nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf theo th\u1eddi gian), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta).<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh. Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o \u0111\u00e1 qua m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o tuy\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng ma qu\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, m\u1ed7i con \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \"g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3\" n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3: trong ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \"g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng mang \u0111\u00e1\" l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. (H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tajik v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e8o cao.) T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 gia c\u1ea7m bay \u1edf V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh - n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 B\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1\u201d<\/strong> Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00f4i khi mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u0103ng c\u01b0a c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 l\u01b0ng r\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 r\u0103ng nanh. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, r\u1ed3ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00e1p \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n r\u1ed3ng canh gi\u1eef bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8o Yanmen nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t con r\u1ed3ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. R\u1ed3ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u2013 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lang thang tr\u00ean V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p canh \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean Destination Truth c\u0169ng t\u1eebng d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ma (ghi c\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ctin t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb ma \u00e1m). C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: ti\u1ebfng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n vang v\u1ecdng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch tr\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng trong gi\u00f3, hay b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean coi nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian: m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ma \u00e1m \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00e2m linh\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0o ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 ma \u00e1m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ma n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u00e1m \u1ea3nh: V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00ednh k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed7i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u2013 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1eabn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh theo t\u1eebng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u0103m 2012 cho th\u1ea5y ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 8.850 km (5.500 d\u1eb7m) t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 1.700 d\u1eb7m (2.700 km) t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong b\u1ea3ng, \"Tu\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh\" c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y bao l\u00e2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta: khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p canh th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 600 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hay nh\u00e0 Chu v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n gian n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 lao d\u1ecbch kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef; uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch Gia V\u0169 Quan v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ca ng\u1ee3i. M\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00eam nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u00e0 Chu v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t: nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 S\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Minh, m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp l\u1ea1i th\u00eam v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m\u201d (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u2013 Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ed3 s\u01a1). M\u1ed7i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, UNESCO v\u00e0 NASA x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u00e0y nay, V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u0103m 1987, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 2007, n\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong B\u1ea3y K\u1ef3 quan Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi M\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng khai. Nh\u1eefng vinh d\u1ef1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 v\u1eefa, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 opera, d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hy sinh. Phim \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 phim truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef). Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn danh ti\u1ebfng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh qua b\u1ed9 phim n\u0103m 2016 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngh\u1ec7 M\u01b0u. V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh<\/em>Trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u00edp quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 anh h\u00f9ng. Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn: t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngay c\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i Badaling v\u00e0 Mutianyu ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0<\/em> H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng \"b\u00e0i ca ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c\" ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ra n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Gia V\u0169 Quan n\u1eb1m. S\u1ed5 l\u01b0u b\u00fat c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp nh\u1eefng suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh bi th\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f4i khi, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi n\u00f3: h\u1ed3i k\u00fd du l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang hay nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n n\u00fai non \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh 2.700 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u1edf S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y x\u00f4n xao d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh di s\u1ea3n phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh: n\u0103m 2006, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u2013 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 phi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed7i vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 khao kh\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n theo t\u1eebng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 kh\u00f3c than, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t, con g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng ma qu\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u2013 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di t\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i (m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch th\u1eeba \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3), ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh, s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn theo ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn theo ngh\u0129a khoa h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 t\u00f4n vinh k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hy sinh. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111a chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u2013 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111an xen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 cho th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hy sinh v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n. Du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, s\u1ebd mang theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n: m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh n\u01a1i ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ecfi: Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> H\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh?<\/strong> H\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 thi th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t trong V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> H\u1ecfi: V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> H\u1ecfi: Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch Jiayuguan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> H\u1ecfi: M\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh?<\/strong> H\u1ecfi: Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh?<\/strong> V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n trong h\u01a1n 2.600 n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eed thi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u1ef3\u201d canh gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u00e8o, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ma qu\u1ef7 lang thang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1edfi T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 221 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c (v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n, nh\u00e0 Minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 binh l\u00ednh) v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 thi th\u1ec3 trong t\u01b0\u1eddng). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2544","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tourist-destinations","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2544\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c: B\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng: V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u201cv\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef - C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2014 Nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hy sinh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng? Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \"Nh\u1eefng thi th\u1ec3 trong b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng\": B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i g\u1ea1ch Jiayuguan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Con G\u00e0 Tr\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n K\u1ef3 Tr\u00ean N\u00fai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Chuy\u1ec7n ma v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ma \u00e1m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td> Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\/Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/strong><\/td> Nh\u1ecbp k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/strong><\/td> Ghi ch\u00fa huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td> Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Wall ng\u00e0y nay<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead> Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Chu<\/strong><\/td> Xu\u00e2n\/Thu (770\u2013476 TCN)<\/td> kho\u1ea3ng 24 n\u0103m (680\u2013656 TCN)<\/td> Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc S\u1edf (thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng Ng\u1ee5y)<\/td> ~2.700 n\u0103m<\/td><\/tr> T\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/td> 221\u2013207 TCN<\/td> 15 n\u0103m<\/td> T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh (5.000 km); kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 binh l\u00ednh b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp ng\u0169. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/td> ~2.200 n\u0103m<\/td><\/tr> Anh ta<\/strong><\/td> 206 TCN\u2013220 CN<\/td> Kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi H\u00e1n.<\/td> T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y h\u01a1n 5.000 km, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn L\u1ea1ch Nur. Trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 \"d\u00e0i 10.000 km\". Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0o c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n.<\/td> ~2.000 n\u0103m<\/td><\/tr> B\u1eafc Ng\u1ee5y \/ Kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/td> 386\u2013534 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (V\u1ec7); nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau<\/td> Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/td> Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ecdc theo Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a; c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1eddi Minh sau n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \"Con g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\" g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8o Qiandu (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7).<\/td> C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 1.400 n\u0103m<\/td><\/tr> Minh<\/strong><\/td> 1368\u20131644 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/td> 276 n\u0103m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td> H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh bao g\u1ed3m truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch Gia V\u0169 Quan (Yi Kaizhan, 99.999 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch). Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/td> 400\u2013650 n\u0103m<\/td><\/tr> Thanh<\/strong><\/td> 1644\u20131911 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/td> Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1ecf (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1edbn)<\/td> Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac; nh\u00e0 Thanh nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n khi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c du m\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n tin cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh sau n\u0103m 1878.<\/td> <150 years (final works)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td> S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian (ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng).<\/em><\/td> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng: n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u1ea5p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c phi h\u00e0nh gia cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u1ed1ng nh\u00f2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00f3. kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng.<\/td><\/tr> M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t, li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i.<\/em><\/td> Kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i trong h\u01a1n 2.600 n\u0103m. \"V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh\" l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/td><\/tr> M\u1ed7i vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u1eefa g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp.<\/em><\/td> Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eefa v\u00f4i n\u1ebfp (m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1) \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4i, b\u00f9n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee5n.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Di s\u1ea3n \u2014 Nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: V\u00ec sao nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A: M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb \u00e9p x\u00e2y V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 400 km s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 thi th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eed vong ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 130.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 9 n\u0103m (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong kho\u1ea3ng 10% trong s\u1ed1 800.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \"400.000\" ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh minh h\u1ecda, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y thi th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t trong n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi th\u1ec3 trong V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n M\u1ea1nh Giang N\u1eef), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t n\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: Quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1eeb qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh tho\u00e1ng qua t\u1eeb qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u1ea5p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c phi h\u00e0nh gia cho bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh xung quanh. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng; nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Neil Armstrong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00e2y, bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: T\u1ea1i c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 Gia V\u0169 Quan (ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh), c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 Yi Kaizhan \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 99.999 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i. Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n th\u1eeba m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch. Yi cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u1eadp c\u1ed5ng. \u00d4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u00e1c vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u1edbi. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tha cho \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch thay th\u1ebf) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 nh\u00e0 Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: V\u00ec V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 15 n\u0103m (221\u2013206 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 (vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 276 n\u0103m). Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \"li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\" trong kho\u1ea3ng 2.600 n\u0103m, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A: Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Minh (1368\u20131644 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng trong h\u01a1n 276 n\u0103m, t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 8.850 km c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1p canh g\u1ea7n B\u1eafc Kinh, t\u1ea1i Badaling, Mutianyu, v.v.) c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"