{"id":2304,"date":"2024-08-13T17:55:51","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T17:55:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=2304"},"modified":"2026-03-04T04:31:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T04:31:08","slug":"ca-phe-la-mot-phan-thiet-yeu-cua-van-hoa-y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/travel-tips\/coffee-is-essential-part-of-italys-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00dd"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u00dd \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean UNESCO n\u0103m 2022 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c pha espresso l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 t\u1ea1i Turin, espresso \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: h\u01a1n 90% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd \u2013 t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Venice v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y pha espresso v\u00e0 \u1ea5m moka, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u0103n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u00dd, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 t\u1edd Guardian \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y bar l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh nhau t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u1ee5m c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong khi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc xung quanh t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u00dd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n coi tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e1ch s\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf \u2013 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u1ea5m espresso \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ednh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf \u00dd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf \u00dd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn Venice. N\u0103m 1580, nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Venice, Prospero Alpini, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, sau khi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3 t\u1eeb Ai C\u1eadp. Khi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea lan r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c salon v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea trang nh\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Venice tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1763, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Venice \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/em> (c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0... \u201cTh\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7\u201d<\/em>Nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Clement VIII \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \"l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i\" cho n\u00f3. Th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \"ngon \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\". D\u00f9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: sau l\u1eddi ch\u00fac ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Clement, vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea (caff\u00e8s) c\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Venice. T\u1ea1i Florence, Rome, Turin v\u00e0 Naples, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia. (Xem th\u00eam) Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em> (D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.) Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Florian<\/strong> N\u1eb1m \u1edf Venice, qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Florian khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1720 v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso trong kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng San Marco. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd, Florian \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho di s\u1ea3n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a Venice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1600, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Clement VIII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201cTh\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 Satan n\u00e0y ngon qu\u00e1\u2026 ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho n\u00f3\u201d, ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea g\u1eb7p \u00edt tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf \u00dd. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1ch ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00dd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed
<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p rang v\u00e0 pha ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau ra \u0111\u1eddi: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c barista \u1edf Naples \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \"cuccumella\" (\u1ea5m pha nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1700, \u0111\u01b0a Naples tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u00dd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n vinh vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf \u2013 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a espresso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Espresso: M\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00dd d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00dd cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u00e1y pha espresso. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Turin, n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh Angelo Moriondo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1884 cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111un s\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng \u1ea5m. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Moriondo s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 bar \u00e1p su\u1ea5t) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i qua b\u00e3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Turin n\u0103m 1884 v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2013 nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Moriondo ch\u1ec9 pha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1ch espresso \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Moriondo. N\u0103m 1901, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Milan, Luigi Bezzera, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha t\u1eebng t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Desiderio Pavoni \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Bezzera v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1905, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e1y pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso \u201cLa Pavoni\u201d. M\u1eabu m\u00e1y n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n g\u1ea1t v\u00e0 van \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00f2i phun h\u01a1i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt s\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1y kh\u00e9t ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 2 bar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930. N\u0103m 1938, barista ng\u01b0\u1eddi Milan, Achille Gaggia, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng piston \"\u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y\" cho chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gaggia t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n 9-10 bar t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean b\u00e3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u2013 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t nhanh h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. kem<\/strong> Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. L\u1edbp crema m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng, m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a espresso \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Gaggia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00e1y pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n bar, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Giorgio Bernardi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch pha m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso c\u00f3 l\u1edbp crema d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c h\u1ecd v\u1ed7 tay th\u00edch th\u00fa. N\u0103m 1948, Gaggia b\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho Faema, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961, m\u00e1y Faema E61 (do Ernesto Valente thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cung c\u1ea5p \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh 9 bar. M\u00e1y b\u01a1m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c barista kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n g\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n espresso th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y b\u01a1m. M\u00e1y pha espresso ng\u00e0y nay, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea4m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Moka: Espresso cho m\u1ecdi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00dd.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi gia \u0111\u00ecnh: \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea moka. N\u0103m 1933, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Luigi Di Ponti \u1edf Turin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho Alfonso Bialetti, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ea4m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c \u201cMoka Express\u201d c\u1ee7a Bialetti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha kho\u1ea3ng 2 t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 bar) nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y pha espresso. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ki\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n g\u1ea1t, \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea moka r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam (theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1940, kho\u1ea3ng 70.000 \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea moka \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n; sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, con trai c\u1ee7a Alfonso, Renato, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, b\u00e1n ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u<\/em> S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea moka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ra m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2010 c\u1ee7a Bialetti \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 90% h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00dd s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea moka \u2013 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf \u00dd, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn pha \"caff\u00e8 d'inizio\" bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc \u1ea5m nh\u00f4m quen thu\u1ed9c, r\u00f3t th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0, th\u01a1m ph\u1ee9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea pha b\u1eb1ng \u1ea5m moka kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 espresso th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1: n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 bar, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 \u00edt d\u1ea7u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi espresso \u1edf qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u00dd. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea5m moka \u2014 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. C\u0103n b\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng vang v\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfng x\u00ec x\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u1ea5m moka v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 khi cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang nh\u1ea5p t\u1eebng ng\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c d\u00e0y. Nghi th\u1ee9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a \u00dd tuy ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00dd bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • Espresso (C\u00e0 ph\u00ea):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c 25-30ml v\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u1ecdt kem m\u00e0u n\u00e2u h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb d\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \"un caff\u00e8\" (m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c s\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Ristretto:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t shot ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa (kho\u1ea3ng 15\u201320ml), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ristretto \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u00e1nh h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \"espresso ng\u1eafn\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e0 ph\u00ea d\u00e0i:<\/strong> Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \"c\u00e0 ph\u00ea d\u00e0i\", lungo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ristretto: nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n (kho\u1ea3ng 60ml) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y qua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Cappuccino:<\/strong> C\u00e0 ph\u00ea cappuccino g\u1ed3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng espresso, s\u1eefa h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ecdt s\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng nhau (kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng Capuchin, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng n\u00e2u m\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, cappuccino c\u00f3 l\u1edbp b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 v\u1ecb s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0. (H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1ng cappuccino tr\u01b0\u1edbc 11 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1eefa:<\/strong> V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eefa h\u1ea5p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso \u2014 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi cappuccino. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha theo ki\u1ec3u gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u00f3t v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c \u0103n s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Macchiato:<\/strong> Mang ngh\u0129a \"c\u00e0 ph\u00ea loang\", \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \"v\u1ebft loang\" s\u1eefa h\u1ea5p (ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u00eca nh\u1ecf). M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e9o ng\u1eady.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda:<\/strong> \u201cC\u00e0 ph\u00ea pha th\u00eam r\u01b0\u1ee3u.\u201d M\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf r\u01b0\u1ee3u (theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 grappa, sambuca ho\u1eb7c brandy). Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng sau b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ma-r\u1ed1c:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Turin: m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat b\u1ed9t cacao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ecdt s\u1eefa ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 fez c\u1ee7a Maroc (v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Th\u1eed:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Turin, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa espresso, s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kem t\u01b0\u01a1i. Th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong ly nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u00e2m nhi b\u1eb1ng th\u00eca \u2013 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng sang tr\u1ecdng cho b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c sau b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ri\u00eang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, g\u1ecdi \"un caff\u00e8\" (m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea) s\u1ebd m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, trong khi g\u1ecdi \"latte\" \u1edf \u00dd s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn (v\u00ec...). c\u00e0 ph\u00ea latte<\/em> (\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eefa). Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \"caff\u00e8 latte\" (c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1eefa). Cappuccino c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc kh\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe (xem ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t barista s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a \u00dd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u0103n trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang. Nhi\u1ec1u phong t\u1ee5c trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn du kh\u00e1ch ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. \u0110\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y bar (Al banco):<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd th\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng espresso khi \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gian giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (Xem th\u00eam) M\u1eb9o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/em>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n: m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20131,5 euro, trong khi ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1ng Cappuccino v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb s\u1eefa nh\u01b0 cappuccino, latte ho\u1eb7c macchiato theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng d\u00e0nh cho b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng. Sau kho\u1ea3ng 11 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd s\u1ebd t\u1ecf v\u1ebb ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y ai \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi cappuccino. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1eady sau b\u1eefa \u0103n s\u00e1ng mu\u1ed9n, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang u\u1ed1ng espresso.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Espresso l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi \"un caff\u00e8\" (m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea), nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean pha ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \"espresso\" tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi \"un caff\u00e8 lungo\" (m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea d\u00e0i); c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi \"un ristretto\" (m\u1ed9t ly nh\u1ecf).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhanh:<\/strong> C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ph\u00fat. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5p t\u1eebng ng\u1ee5m espresso nhanh ch\u00f3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7y. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd b\u00ean t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdt:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1ng g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c vi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd th\u01b0\u1eddng khu\u1ea5y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tan h\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi u\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Naples v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u1ea5m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea sau b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso sau b\u1eefa \u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 \"corretto\" v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch \u00dd hi\u1ebfm khi n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2m nhi espresso sau b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y bar tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1ch tham quan kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00fang:<\/em> Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \"c\u00e0 ph\u00ea mang \u0111i\". V\u0103n h\u00f3a mua mang v\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u2013 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng sau, \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd r\u00f3t v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd u\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      • M\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y thu ng\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/strong> Khi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7y bar, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1n bar \u00dd, b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho thu ng\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u201cun caff\u00e8, per favore\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u00ean lai) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a bi\u00ean lai \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi pha ch\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201ccaff\u00e8\u201d \u2013 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u201cespresso\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n nghe gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Gi\u00e1 espresso thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y (n\u0103m 2025), m\u1ed9t ly espresso pha t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb 1,00 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,50 euro. M\u1ed9t ly cappuccino c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 1,20 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,00 euro \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y nh\u1edb ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi). H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n ti\u1ec1n l\u1ebb \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1n bar \u00dd l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn th\u00edch nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n xu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Katie Parla \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTo\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, mang t\u00ednh x\u00e3 giao v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, hi\u1ebfm khi t\u1ed1n h\u01a1n 1 euro\u201d. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui nhanh ch\u00f3ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng xa x\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> H\u00e3y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0103n s\u00e1ng mu\u1ed9n: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ng\u1ee7 d\u1eady mu\u1ed9n, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1eefa sau 11 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd ng\u1eebng u\u1ed1ng latte v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 10:30\u201311:00. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00e8m s\u1eefa v\u1edbi espresso v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a, b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \"latte macchiato\", ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1eefa h\u1ea5p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat espresso (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi cappuccino).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, nh\u01b0ng phong t\u1ee5c u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Naples \u2013 Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea:<\/strong> C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Napoli n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi... qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t<\/strong> C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rang \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 (nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t Robusta). Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 siro, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u00f3t. Naples c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a... c\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo<\/em> (xem ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo) \u2013 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Naples. T\u1ea1i Naples, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (nh\u01b0 Caff\u00e8 Gambrinus, 1860) n\u01a1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a espresso \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Venice \u2013 N\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Venice v\u1edbi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea thanh l\u1ecbch n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf Venice \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. Th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf theo phong c\u00e1ch Napoli c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 hai shot espresso. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb gh\u00e9 th\u0103m nh\u00e9! C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Florian<\/strong> (1720) ho\u1eb7c Caff\u00e8 Quadri<\/strong> T\u1ea1i Piazza San Marco \u2013 khung c\u1ea3nh trang tr\u00ed c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Venice coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui v\u0103n minh. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rang \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Venice nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 giao thoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Turin \u2013 N\u01a1i khai sinh ra c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Espresso:<\/strong> T\u1ea1i Turin, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y pha espresso v\u00e0 c\u1ed1c bicerin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Turin t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ly espresso \u1ee7 l\u00e2u (th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 100% Arabica) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1eed.<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso, s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la v\u00e0 kem \u2013 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 Caff\u00e8 San Carlo (1780) v\u00e0 Caff\u00e8 Torino (1903) v\u1eabn gi\u1eef g\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n bar l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. Lavazza, th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00dd, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Luigi Lavazza th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Turin (1895), c\u00e0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam di s\u1ea3n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Rome \u2013 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Baroque:<\/strong> Phong c\u1ea3nh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf Rome l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Espresso \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha l\u00e2u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat (pha m\u1ed9t ly \u201ccaff\u00e8 romano\u201d v\u1edbi v\u1ecf chanh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ly \u201ccaff\u00e8 shakerato\u201d \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p). Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Sant'Eustachio<\/strong> H\u00e3y gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (Sant'Eustachio \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt rang v\u00e0 xay nhuy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t). M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua kh\u00e1c l\u00e0... C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong> (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Condotti, 1760). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf \u00dd v\u00e0 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 Goethe, Byron v\u00e0 Keats. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2m nhi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u1edf b\u00e0n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Sicilia \u2013 \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u00f3n Granita:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sicilia th\u00edch u\u1ed1ng espresso \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdt, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1ea2 R\u1eadp h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ly espresso m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 siro v\u1edbi l\u1edbp crema d\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sicilia c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra... \u0111\u00e1 b\u00e0o c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/em> \u2013 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng espresso \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh m\u00ec brioche v\u00e0o b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng. M\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh, d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Sicily l\u00e0 C\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1<\/em> (C\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9), n\u01a1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 qu\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c \u0111inh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o espresso, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf Sicily l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u2013 nh\u00e2m nhi t\u1eebng ng\u1ee5m nh\u1ecf c\u00f9ng b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt, chia s\u1ebb trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan nhanh ch\u00f3ng, b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i phong c\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>Phong c\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng\/Qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
          Napoli<\/strong> (Ph\u00eda nam)<\/td>C\u00e0 ph\u00ea rang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadm, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Arabica + Robusta); \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha trong qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t<\/em> ho\u1eb7c \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso.<\/td>C\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c; \u0111\u00e1 b\u00e0o c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/em>; c\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo<\/em>\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: Caff\u00e8 Gambrinus (1860, Naples).<\/td><\/tr>
          Venice<\/strong> (Phi\u0301a b\u0103\u0301c)<\/td>C\u00e0 ph\u00ea rang v\u1eeba, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng (ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed3i ki\u1ec3u Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3).<\/td>C\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso \u0111en (Caff\u00e8 Florian, 1720, qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t); Ma-r\u1ed1c<\/em> Ca cao espresso.<\/td><\/tr>
          Turin<\/strong> (Phi\u0301a b\u0103\u0301c)<\/td>Rang nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Arabica nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1edbp b\u1ecdt kem.<\/td>Bicerin (s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la + espresso + kem); c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cappuccino. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Torino (1775).<\/td><\/tr>
          Rome<\/strong> (Trung t\u00e2m)<\/td>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o espresso; th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p crema d\u00e0y; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 shakerato<\/em> C\u00e0 ph\u00ea (\u0111\u00e1).<\/td>Antico Caff\u00e8 Greco (1760, Rome); Sant'Eustachio (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso b\u00ed m\u1eadt).<\/td><\/tr>
          Sicilia<\/strong> (Ph\u00eda nam)<\/td>Rang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadm v\u1edbi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Arabica v\u00e0 Robusta; th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eam gia v\u1ecb.<\/td>Granita c\u00e0 ph\u00ea; C\u00e0 ph\u00ea gia v\u1ecb (C\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1<\/em>). Qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: Caff\u00e8 del Teatro (Palermo).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng qua nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd, espresso k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i th\u00eam h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ri\u00eang \u2013 theo ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111en \u2013 v\u00e0o t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Caff\u00e8 Sospeso: Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00dd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          \u201cC\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo\u201d (c\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo<\/em>(Un caff\u00e8 sospeso l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00dd, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Naples v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf. Theo phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u201cun caff\u00e8 sospeso\u201d (ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo\u201d) \u2013 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 mua hai ly espresso nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ly. Ly th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mua.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Naples th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n. Tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Naples, Luciano De Crescenzo, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, g\u1ecdi sospeso l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea do m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eb7ng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y suy gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i sinh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Sau l\u1ec7nh phong t\u1ecfa do COVID n\u0103m 2020, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u1edf \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng sospeso \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y ghi ch\u00fa tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau sospeso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Sospeso minh h\u1ecda tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u2013 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cc\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u00dd. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n bar hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y\u2026 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo<\/em> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00dd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c pha ch\u1ebf n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \"caff\u00e8 sospeso\" c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Naples sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. Theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng. Khi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Luciano De Crescenzo \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 2008 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \"Il caff\u00e8 sospeso: sanit\u00e0\" (C\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo: Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong t\u1eebng ng\u1ee5m nh\u1ecf), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u01a1i d\u1eady s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed
          <\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          Qu\u00e1n bar \u00dd: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          \u1ede \u00dd, \u201cbar\u201d (thanh<\/em>(Qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea khu ph\u1ed1, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0103n nh\u1eb9. M\u1ed7i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng t\u00e1 qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7y nh\u1ecf khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u1edf g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ra sao, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u00dd \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng (b\u00e1nh s\u1eebng b\u00f2, b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n nh\u1eb9 t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i mu\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u0169ng b\u00e1n b\u00e1nh m\u00ec sandwich ho\u1eb7c... r\u01b0\u1ee3u khai v\u1ecb<\/em> Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n khi qu\u00e1n bar m\u1edf c\u1eeda, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 7:00 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 8:00 t\u1ed1i (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u1edd gi\u1ea5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo khu v\u1ef1c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng: \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf qu\u1ea7y<\/em> (al banco) so v\u1edbi ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n<\/em>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n bar \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y. B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch quen \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u00e1t nhau nh\u00e2m nhi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso. Ng\u1ed3i \u1edf b\u00e0n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian h\u01a1n (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n), nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam ph\u00ed \"servizio\" \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng 0,50\u20132 euro cho m\u1ed7i ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ly espresso 1 euro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn 3 euro n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i l\u00e2u \u1edf b\u00e0n. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n bar:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e1y pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1c s\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau qu\u1ea7y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi pha ch\u1ebf (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1) \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u1ede nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi pha ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thanh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi pha ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u2013 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hai b\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ki\u1ec3u Napoli s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t ly n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf \u00dd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Florian<\/strong> (Venice, 1720), C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong> (Rome, 1760), C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Gambrinus<\/strong> (Naples, 1860), v\u00e0 C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Ritti<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf Florence \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Gh\u00e9 th\u0103m m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian \u2013 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2m nhi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso \u1edf n\u01a1i Casanova t\u1eebng ve v\u00e3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX t\u1eebng tranh lu\u1eadn b\u00ean ly Americano. Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng treo ch\u00e2n dung v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch quen n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch \u201cespresso al tavolo\u201d \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u201cH\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n,\u201d nh\u00e0 v\u0103n du l\u1ecbch Katie Parla nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. Theo \u0111\u00fang phong c\u00e1ch \u00dd, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n mang c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso ra trong c\u1ed1c s\u1ee9 r\u1ed3i thu l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng sau! Qu\u1ea7y bar l\u00e0 n\u01a1i giao l\u01b0u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n mua \u0111\u1ed3 mang \u0111i.<\/p>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng
          <\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd so v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 (ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n), s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso c\u1ee7a \u00dd v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: k\u00edch c\u1ee1, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, th\u1eddi gian pha ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e0 ph\u00ea M\u1ef9<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
          Kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>M\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso (~30 ml) trong c\u1ed1c s\u1ee9 d\u00e0y.<\/td>C\u00e0 ph\u00ea pha nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (350-60ml) \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u1ed1c gi\u1ea5y.<\/td><\/tr>
          S\u1ef1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>Nhanh l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf qu\u1ea7y bar.<\/td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u0103n u\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 th\u1ea3, mang \u0111i ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0103n v\u1ed9i).<\/td><\/tr>
          T\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong><\/td>T\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng siro t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c s\u1eefa thay th\u1ebf; ng\u01b0\u1eddi pha ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/td>\u0110a d\u1ea1ng \u2013 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea latte, mocha, siro h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, s\u1eefa, k\u00edch c\u1ee1, v.v.<\/td><\/tr>
          Gi\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>Espresso: 1,00\u20131,50 \u20ac t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y; gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n.<\/td>Specialty coffee: typically $4\u2013$6+ for lattes or cold brews.<\/td><\/tr>
          Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/td>M\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/td>M\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c th\u00f3i quen, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m (Wi-Fi mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i) c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec ch\u00ednh ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf<\/em> V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 \u2013 ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a caffeine, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng gallon c\u00e0 ph\u00ea lo\u00e3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eefa h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed7i t\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a: \u1edf \u00dd, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n \u1edf M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n bar \u1edf Rome. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi\u2026 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5<\/strong>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi... s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • M\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00e8m c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1eefa sau 11 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, h\u00e3y g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t ly \u201clatte macchiato\u201d \u2013 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1eefa h\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cpha\u201d nh\u1eb9 v\u1edbi espresso \u2013 thay v\u00ec cappuccino. N\u00f3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u201cc\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1eefa\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Starbucks v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf \u00dd. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n bar \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 89% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Katie Parla \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd hi\u1ebfm khi b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n 1 euro t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y bar \u2013 kh\u00e1c xa so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ly frappuccino caramel gi\u00e1 5 \u0111\u00f4 la. Khi Starbucks m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Milan (n\u0103m 2018), h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 \u201cespresso tonic\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n pha nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd v\u1eabn th\u00edch qu\u00e1n bar quen thu\u1ed9c \u1edf khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • C\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u00dd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/strong> N\u0103m 1580, nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Venice, Prospero Alpini, \u0111\u00e3 mang c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1eeb Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Venice. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1763, ri\u00eang Venice \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso?<\/strong> M\u00e1y pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1884 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh Angelo Moriondo \u1edf Turin. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Moriondo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Luigi Bezzera (1901) v\u00e0 Achille Gaggia (1938) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u1ecdt crema.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Caff\u00e8 Florian l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Caff\u00e8 Florian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf Venice, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1720 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. N\u1eb1m \u1edf Piazza San Marco, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, Florian \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, t\u1eeb Mozart \u0111\u1ebfn Woody Allen, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Venice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng cappuccino sau 11 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng?<\/strong> Cappuccino v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eefa kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u1edf \u00dd. Phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a; v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 espresso. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1eefa v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Caff\u00e8 sospeso l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \"c\u00e0 ph\u00ea treo\", \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Naples. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n cho ly th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 ly th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \"treo\" \u1edf qu\u1ea7y. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ly espresso \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd y\u00eau th\u00edch, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng \u1ea9n danh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • B\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u00dd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n g\u1ecdi espresso, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u201cCho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>H\u00e3y n\u00f3i \",\" v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \"un caff\u00e8 lungo\" (d\u00e0i) ho\u1eb7c \"un caff\u00e8 doppio\" (k\u00e9p). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u00dd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \"una cappuccino\" cho cappuccino, \"un latte macchiato\" cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 b\u1ecdt s\u1eefa, v\u00e0 \"un caff\u00e8 macchiato\" cho espresso v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat s\u1eefa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd l\u1ea1i u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea khi \u0111\u1ee9ng?<\/strong> U\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y bar nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ly espresso t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n 1\u20131,5 euro, trong khi g\u1ecdi m\u00f3n t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eaft g\u1ea5p hai ho\u1eb7c ba l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng nhanh h\u01a1n \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nghi th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u1ea4m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Moka l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> \u1ea4m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Moka (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Caffettiera) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ebfp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1933 b\u1edfi Alfonso Bialetti. N\u00f3 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i qua c\u00e0 ph\u00ea xay. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea pha ra c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 espresso (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n). \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi c\u0103n b\u1ebfp \u1edf \u00dd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u1ea5m pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Moka.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Espresso v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea M\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/strong> S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Espresso \u00dd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf (~30ml) c\u00e0 ph\u00ea r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng nhanh. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1ch l\u1edbn v\u1edbi s\u1eefa v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c pha ch\u1ebf \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 l\u1edbp crema, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso \u00dd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20131,5 euro, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn \u1edf M\u1ef9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Starbucks c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u00dd kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eady. V\u0103n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Starbucks g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 89% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a \u00dd. C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng Starbucks \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u00dd (m\u1edf c\u1eeda n\u0103m 2018 t\u1ea1i Milan) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd. \u1ede h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd v\u1eabn th\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c espresso v\u00e0 cappuccino.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: C\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00dd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf \u00dd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng \u2013 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111an xen v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch sang tr\u1ecdng \u1edf Venice th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Turin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Naples, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00dd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 2022, khi \u00dd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a UNESCO cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt pha espresso, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra \u201cm\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay, di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng: m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Caff\u00e8 Greco hay chi\u1ebfc \u1ea5m Moka Express b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m tr\u00ean b\u1ebfp, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf \u00dd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Coffee in Italy is a cultural habit imbued with custom and underlying social norms, not only a beverage. From the first luxury in milk-based beverages in the morning to the simplicity of ordering “un caff\u00e8,” any visitor must first understand these underlying rules. Every sip allows one to discover the complex and varied facets of Italian culture, where drinking coffee invites everyone to participate in a long-standing custom of appreciating taste and promoting a feeling of togetherness rather than only consumption.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":74461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2304","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-travel-tips","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2304\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}