{"id":2181,"date":"2024-08-13T00:27:45","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T00:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=2181"},"modified":"2026-02-26T02:23:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T02:23:48","slug":"chi-co-o-cuba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/popular-destinations\/only-in-cuba\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Cuba\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cuba hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf do Li\u00ean X\u00f4 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u rumba vang v\u1ecdng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i \u1edf Havana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Baroque T\u00e2y Ban Nha b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i M\u1ef9 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950, m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. UNESCO g\u1ecdi Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac. Trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u2013 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng Caribe \u2013 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Cuba: n\u00f3 v\u1eeba mang c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng, v\u1eeba r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n n\u00e0y h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Cuba: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ed3n, v\u1eeba mang \u0111\u1eadm ch\u1ea5t Caribe, M\u1ef9 Latinh, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u1ea3i qua n\u1eeda thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Castro \u2013 Cuba \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng dinh th\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m du k\u00edch \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Sierra Maestra; c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 Afro-Cuba v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1eabn vang v\u1ecdng \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i ki\u1ec3u Li\u00ean X\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. M\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n: t\u1ea1i sao h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa \u0111\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (\u201calmiqu\u00ed,\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c Solenodon) sinh t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai? T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ea7n ba tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Havana h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc Chevrolet \u0111\u1eddi 1950? Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111an xen ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Cuba th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u1ebb quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u201cch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Cuba\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u2014 N\u0103m 1959 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh Cuba hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Cuba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u00f2 l\u1eeda c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 (n\u0103m 1898) cho \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn, Fulgencio Batista, n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n. Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1953, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb Fidel Castro \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0o doanh tr\u1ea1i Moncada \u1edf Santiago de Cuba. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i; Castro b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Robert Rosenstone \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, <em>\u201cMoncada l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf Cuba. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Castro th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.\u201d<\/em>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \"Phong tr\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 7\", Castro \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba v\u1eabn nh\u1edb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 26 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1953 \u2013 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \"ph\u00e1t s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\" c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Mexico, Castro \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Argentina Che Guevara) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc du thuy\u1ec1n. <em>B\u00e0<\/em>Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1956, h\u1ecd b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Sierra Maestra ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Cuba. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Batista, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Batista. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1958, c\u00e1c to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Che Guevara \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Santa Clara, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho Havana. Ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1959, Batista b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. <em>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em> T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1958, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du k\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c Phong tr\u00e0o 26 th\u00e1ng 7 c\u1ee7a Castro \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf\u2026 bu\u1ed9c Batista ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1959\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng vang d\u1ed9i, Castro v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t kh\u1eafp Cuba. Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1959, Castro \u0111\u1ebfn Havana gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00e2n hoan. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh. <em>Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba n\u0103m 1962<\/em> V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u2013 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Cuba gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed (ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Che Guevara xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Castro \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0a Cuba li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Trong s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao t\u1eeb Fidel sang em trai Ra\u00fal r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Miguel D\u00edaz-Canel, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a (ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 qu\u1ed1c gia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. T\u1ea1i Santiago de Cuba, doanh tr\u1ea1i Moncada (nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00e9spedes g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1953. UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Santiago \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi \u201cv\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1953 v\u00e0o doanh tr\u1ea1i Moncada, do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u1ebb do Fidel Castro l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1959. <em>\u201cQu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ban c\u00f4ng trung t\u00e2m\u2026 Fidel tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Cuba.\u201d<\/em>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i cao s\u1eebng s\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed, v\u00e0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, trong m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Che Guevara, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh gi\u1eef b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh danh d\u1ef1 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111an xen nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Cuba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh: h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 hun \u0111\u00fac n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn m\u1edbi \u2013 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n kinh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gian kh\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y: h\u1ecdc sinh Cuba h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1; c\u00e1c ban nh\u1ea1c salsa v\u1eabn ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c. <em>\u201cLa Bella Ciao\u201d<\/em> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 <em>\u201cGuantanamera\u201d<\/em>\u1ede Cuba, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u2013 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u1edf Sierra Maestra \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, <em>\u201cFidel n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1eady \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0u sang ph\u00fa qu\u00fd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1.\u201d<\/em> D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng, d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Cuba tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u2014 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Cuba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9: m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1976 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ea7u c\u1eed di\u1ec5n ra, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c PCC ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t; s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. Ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nay l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf Cuba: b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \"b\u1ea7u c\u1eed\", c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. <em>H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/em> (Asambleas Populares) l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc; c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o PCC (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed9c Castro v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 D\u00edaz-Canel) xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf h\u1eefu truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1962, Cuba s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. L\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi Cuba c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc: h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, thu\u1ed1c men v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u; kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i do thi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi M\u1ef9. <em>History.com<\/em> B\u00e0i b\u00e1o ghi nh\u1eadn, \u201cHoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao\u2026 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 leo thang c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n V\u1ecbnh Con L\u1ee3n (1961) v\u00e0 Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba (1962)\u201d. Nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3, vi\u1ec7c du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn Cuba \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u1eabn b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. V\u1ec1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t kinh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn: nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u1edf m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho m\u1ecdi tr\u1ebb em, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i ch\u1edd mua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. S\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa l\u1eddi l\u1ebd l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khan hi\u1ebfm th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Cuba, ta c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc: ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb soi m\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Cuba ng\u00e0y nay. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng), c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Cuba kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng M\u1ef9 Latinh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Havana ho\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>Moncada v\u00e0 Santiago. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1953, 150 nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u1ebb do Fidel Castro l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng doanh tr\u1ea1i Moncada \u1edf Santiago de Cuba. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2014 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a Fidel (\u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd minh oan cho t\u00f4i\u201d) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Santiago \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1959. T\u1eeb ban c\u00f4ng T\u00f2a th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, Fidel Castro tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Santiago nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Moncada v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a trang Santa Ifigenia (m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Che Guevara) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Cuba.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ee9c tranh \u0111a s\u1eafc m\u00e0u Cuba \u2014 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ua l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u1edf Cuba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Hai tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u2013 v\u1eabn v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh theo nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef g\u1ea7n 100%, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00e1c s\u0129 tr\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh \u1edf Cuba (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u) v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n) v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m b\u00e1c s\u0129 d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111i ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u2013 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 20-50 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng (tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng peso Cuba, CUP). L\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam thu nh\u1eadp \"\u0111\u00f4 la\" th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ec1n boa t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n. B\u00e1nh m\u00ec, tr\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n th\u1ebb ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n h\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhanh. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra (\u0111\u00f4i khi 10-12 gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y) do thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n kinh ni\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba, vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng: ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng bao g\u1ea1o mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khan hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb d\u00e2y chun \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea9u n\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Cuba ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tinh th\u1ea7n \u201ct\u1ef1 xoay x\u1edf\u201d v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xe h\u01a1i M\u1ef9 m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Cuba \u2013 v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u00e1y v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc Buick v\u00e0 Chevy \u0111\u1eddi 1950 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m \u1ed1ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng d\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e1 v\u00edu tr\u00ean th\u00e2n xe r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf taxi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ec9a mai, \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mua xe; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nu\u00f4i ch\u00fang.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 hay ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Cuba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u201d. Khi ngu\u1ed3n cung ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p: s\u1eeda m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng m\u00f3c \u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u. Tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chai nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u, ho\u1eb7c g\u00e0 m\u1ed5 th\u00f3c trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng hoa. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chia s\u1ebb ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ebb ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c Libreta (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1962) v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng: g\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eadu, d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i c\u00e2n m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng \u2013 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba mua th\u00eam th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee3 \u0111en ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n mua th\u00eam. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2024, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c Libreta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf, chuy\u1ec3n sang b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng theo gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng: b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00e1c nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p may m\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u1edf Cuba c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc; tr\u1ebb em th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 hay l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi rao tin tr\u00ean loa ph\u00f3ng thanh ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u01b0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf Havana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea3n b\u1ed9, tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh; nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 busconer\u00eda \u2013 v\u0103n h\u00f3a bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba b\u1ed5 sung thu nh\u1eadp \u00edt \u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 busconer\u00eda). <em>t\u1ef1 kinh doanh<\/em>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00eam ngh\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch ri\u00eang, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 may c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n b\u00e1nh tamales t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (paladares) v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (casas particulares) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng x\u00e1m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh doanh n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c xem nh\u1eb9, cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a: m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t paladar kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u00f3n ropa vieja v\u00e0 arroz con pollo, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch anh ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Y t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Cuba. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n y t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng ch\u1edd ti\u00eam insulin, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m \u1edf t\u1ec9nh l\u1ebb th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n S\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 San Jos\u00e9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Havana v\u1eeba l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Cuba, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m chung ph\u00f2ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau ch\u0103m s\u00f3c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac quen thu\u1ed9c: <em>\"Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y.\"<\/em> (\u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d) \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00fan vai ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng dai d\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. D\u00f9 c\u00e1c k\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n bar v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t; nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e1u trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ed3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba \u2013 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>H\u00e3y t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Libreta. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cuba v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00e9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. H\u00e3y h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: mang theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed khi c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng CUP (\u0111\u1ed3ng peso Cuba) t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 khi mua h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong, h\u00e3y kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai peso c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n).<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Afro-Cuba \u2014 T\u00e2m linh n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Cuba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Afro-Cuba \u2013 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y <em>ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Cuba<\/em>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng Caribe. G\u1ea7n ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Afro-Cuba, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Santer\u00eda (Regla de Ocha). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Yoruba b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb T\u00e2y Phi mang \u0111\u1ebfn, Santer\u00eda k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 orisha v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o (m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o). Do \u0111\u00f3, Th\u00e1nh Barbara th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi orisha Shango (th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m), Th\u00e1nh Barbara c\u1ea7m th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i r\u00ecu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nghi l\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng, t\u1ee5ng kinh, hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng), v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Orisha. \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu ph\u1ed1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Havana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng Bat\u00e1 r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb s\u00e2n sau nh\u00e0. <em>nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh<\/em>C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00fang (babalawos v\u00e0 santeras) t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng b\u00f3i to\u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u1ecf s\u00f2. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ed m\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Santer\u00eda hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 khoan dung c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y rumba Afro-Cuba (m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c khi\u00eau v\u0169 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Phi) l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng rumba \u201cl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Cuba\u2026 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Santer\u00eda, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Afro-Cuba kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. Palo Monte (hay Congo) k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kongo c\u1ee7a Trung Phi, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ma thu\u1eadt th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n th\u1edd thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng que v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Santer\u00eda ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng xa l\u00e1nh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Abaku\u00e1 (ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nam gi\u1edbi \u1edf Cuba) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i k\u00edn ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00f9ng Cross River; n\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u1edf Havana. M\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u0129, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n ri\u00eang. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Cuba (ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 palo fundaci\u00f3n (l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m tang plena m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng rumba, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng orisha c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Afro-Cuba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. \u1ede Matanzas v\u00e0 Havana, c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Guanabacoa v\u00e0 Regla n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng: c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd th\u1eafp n\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang. T\u1ea1i ch\u1ee3 El Rinc\u00f3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Havana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua d\u1eeba, n\u1ebfn v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh. S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Cuba. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Santero \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, <em>\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 madre (m\u1eb9) ho\u1eb7c padre (cha). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ogg\u00fan ho\u1eb7c Yemay\u00e1.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u Cuba. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec7u rumba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 son cubano c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Afro-T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, UNESCO v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn son Cuba l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, ca ng\u1ee3i \u201cs\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi\u201d l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Latin. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u clave v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7u salsa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7u montuno c\u1ee7a son. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (tond\u00f3res) duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 tang l\u1ec5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch di s\u1ea3n Afro-Cuba th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Cuba. B\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o (v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Maria). Nh\u01b0ng \u1ea9n s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong, ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng Bat\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec th\u1ea7m d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Orisha \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ed \u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o M\u00e1c-x\u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 Santer\u00eda \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra song song trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n n\u00e0y \u2013 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb chinh ph\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi b\u1ecb n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Orisha giao thoa v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00fang Yoruba b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Orisha c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ee9c tin. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Yemay\u00e1 (n\u1eef th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh trong ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Maria \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 hoa m\u00e0u xanh. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 L\u1ec5 Tro, c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn tro v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00fang Santero thanh t\u1ea9y b\u00e0n th\u1edd, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Cuba \u2014 M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, Cuba c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y (110.860 km\u00b2) l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng Caribe, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y n\u00fai nh\u01b0 Sierra Maestra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i karst. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 t\u1eeb r\u1eebng m\u00e2y tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u2013 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 19.600 lo\u00e0i sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Cuba, trong \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 42% l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u00e1u Khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n UNESCO b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa n\u00e0y, bi\u1ebfn Cuba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, thung l\u0169ng Vi\u00f1ales mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 si\u00eau th\u1ef1c: nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n cao t\u1edbi 300 m\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Cuba, mi\u1ec1n nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Malacca. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t Vista al Valle, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u2013 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng trang tr\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y thung l\u0169ng, n\u01a1i l\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng tay, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cC\u1ea3nh quan s\u1ed1ng\u201d n\u00e0y mang trong m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu. L\u00e0m t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i chim nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 chim ru\u1ed3i ong (colibr\u00ed zunzuncito) \u2013 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i 5 cm. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i chim nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Cuba. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3i mogotes c\u0169ng sinh s\u1ed1ng chim trogon Cuba (lo\u00e0i chim qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng xanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1), chim tody Cuba (h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a chim b\u00f3i c\u00e1), chim solitaire Cuba (m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i chim ho\u00e9t) v\u00e0 chim grassquit Cuba. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1m tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3i mogotes l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i lan, d\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u1ed1c s\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Alejandro de Humboldt (m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n UNESCO kh\u00e1c) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng m\u01b0a r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng: lo\u00e0i solenodon Cuba (\u201calmiqu\u00ed\u201d), m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0103n c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t trong l\u1edbp l\u00e1 m\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Lo\u00e0i \u201ch\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng\u201d n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u00f5m gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed9t ch\u00f9 v\u00e0 v\u1ebft c\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai lo\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch, th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n, d\u01a1i v\u00e0 27 lo\u00e0i chim ru\u1ed3i. \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, r\u1eebng m\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 (tr\u00ean 600m) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng \u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Cuba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i lan qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede ph\u00eda nam, khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y Zapata r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u Cuba (Crocodylus rhombifer), m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sinh s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201clo\u00e0i c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u T\u00e2n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nh\u1ea5t\u201d do ph\u1ea1m vi sinh s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho v\u1ebb hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Zapata. \u0110\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y Zapata c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a chim ch\u00edch Zapata (m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i chim h\u00f3t l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecf), h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch ng\u1eafm chim ghi nh\u1eadn 715 lo\u00e0i chim \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7c, c\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb B\u1eafc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Cuba (b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4 Guanahacabibes \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y; Sierra del Rosario v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng m\u00e2y m\u00f9; v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n) m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Sierra del Rosario, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p chim ru\u1ed3i ong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim ru\u1ed3i ong nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chim ru\u1ed3i Cuba. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch: c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n (nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7y mangut v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t) t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba; bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (b\u00e3o, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n) l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng; v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Cuba k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1: b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh lo\u00e0i solenodon v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u1ebfch c\u00e2y v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau giao ph\u1ed1i nghe nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng leng keng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a, v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i tr\u0103n h\u1ed3ng Cuba (m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn si\u1ebft m\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ee5ng v\u1ea3y h\u1ed3ng khi b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda). \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 Baracoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i v\u1eb9t v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb UNESCO b\u1ecf qua: Zapata l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi danh, v\u00e0 Alejandro de Humboldt ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Cuba v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean: khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng m\u00eda. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, du kh\u00e1ch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y: tham gia c\u00e1c tour ng\u1eafm chim \u1edf Zapata l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh; leo n\u00fai \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf El Yunque g\u1ea7n Baracoa; l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 s\u1eafc m\u00e0u \u1edf Jardines de la Reina (\u201cV\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng\u201d); v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tour \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm c\u00fa ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Cuba thi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (\u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed), th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t con chim ru\u1ed3i ong rung rinh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa, ho\u1eb7c nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7m ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u Cuba to l\u1edbn m\u00e0u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1eefa \u2013 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng di s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Cuba ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>H\u00e3y chung tay b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Cuba. Khi tham quan c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (Vi\u00f1ales, Zapata, v.v.), h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: mang theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng an to\u00e0n cho r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 san h\u00f4, v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0103n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eebng b\u01a1i trong c\u00e1c k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf Zapata n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u2013 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n boa nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y.<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o du l\u1ecbch<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u2014 V\u1ebb huy ho\u00e0ng th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Cuba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ch\u1eafp v\u00e1 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. \u0110i b\u1ed9 qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 mang phong c\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Baroque, t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, Art Deco, Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nhau. Ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Cuba, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0i h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng t\u1eebng l\u1edbp ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana (Habana Vieja).<\/strong> H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m Havana, khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b500 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Plaza Vieja hay Plaza de Armas gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng dinh th\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3u T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y h\u00e0nh lang m\u00e1i v\u00f2m (c\u00f3 s\u00e2n trong v\u00e0 ban c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft r\u00e8n) n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Havana \u2013 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n phong c\u00e1ch Baroque nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7. UNESCO ca ng\u1ee3i Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana v\u00ec \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Baroque v\u00e0 t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh lang m\u00e1i v\u00f2m, ban c\u00f4ng, c\u1ed5ng s\u1eaft r\u00e8n v\u00e0 s\u00e2n trong\u201d. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 phai, nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn g\u1ee3i l\u00ean v\u1ebb tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng Criollo v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng rumba vang v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00f4 c\u1eeda m\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ea3ng Havana \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1: Castillo de la Real Fuerza (ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, n\u0103m 1577) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Morro \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 \u2013 nay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1p canh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cuba. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc dujo de agua (b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u2013 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Havana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n.<\/strong> Trong Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Santiago de Cuba l\u00e0 Castillo del Morro (San Pedro de la Roca), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cuba. UNESCO g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 <em>\u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00f4 ra,\u201d<\/em> L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Anh. B\u00ean trong, nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh bao v\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y (v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi UNESCO ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf Cuba; \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng Caribe n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i T\u00e2y Ban Nha c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Khi \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c dinh th\u1ef1 theo phong c\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Baroque.<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Camag\u00fcey v\u00e0 Trinidad, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ng\u00e0nh m\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con h\u1ebbm ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o c\u1ee7a Camag\u00fcey \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n \u2013 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. <em>m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d<\/em> Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Camag\u00fcey ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac: Mud\u00e9jar, t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Art Deco \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1. UNESCO ghi nh\u1eadn Camag\u00fcey l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb Baroque \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. \u1ede Camag\u00fcey, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 \u00fd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao b\u1ed3i \u2013 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trinidad, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cB\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng.\u201d<\/em> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1514, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18-19 nh\u1edd ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ng\u1ea1c. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Plaza Mayor \u1edf Trinidad \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng dinh th\u1ef1 m\u00e0u pastel nh\u01b0 Palacio Brunet, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m ki\u1ec3u Moorish v\u00e0 s\u00e2n trong ki\u1ec3u Andalusia ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Iberia c\u1ee7a Cuba, trong khi Palacio Cantero g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t dinh th\u1ef1 t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda. UNESCO m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Trinidad l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u201cc\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 mang \u0111\u1eadm \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Andalusia v\u00e0 Moorish h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n\u2026 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u201d. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, khi d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 xe ng\u1ef1a; c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111ang quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Carlos Manuel de C\u00e9spedes v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Cienfuegos \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1819. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1eadm phong c\u00e1ch Ph\u00e1p. UNESCO ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1\u2026\u201d<em>v\u00ed d\u1ee5\u201d<\/em> Mang \u0111\u1eadm phong c\u00e1ch quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 Latinh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u2013 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (T\u00f2a th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Ferrer) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u201cnh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1\u201d. T\u1ea1i Cienfuegos, nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0u pastel v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Cienfuegos. <em>\u201cVi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam.\u201d<\/em> Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Teatro Tom\u00e1s Terry (m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t opera c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang ho\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch theo phong c\u00e1ch Rococo, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/strong> B\u01b0\u1edbc sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, Cuba ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng phong c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. T\u1ea1i Havana, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 ven bi\u1ec3n Malec\u00f3n theo phong c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i El Capitolio (n\u0103m 1929) m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00eam Tropicana v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 (nh\u01b0 Riviera) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh phong c\u00e1ch Art Deco v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Cienfuegos c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd theo phong c\u00e1ch Art Deco (Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de la Pur\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n) \u2013 hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y trong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u2013 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa gu th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eb1ng gang\u201d (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Moorish (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Do Th\u00e1i) g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Cuba trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau n\u0103m 1959, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nay n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169. T\u1ea1i Pinar del R\u00edo, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i vinh danh cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady n\u0103m 1953; t\u1ea1i Santiago, khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p doanh tr\u1ea1i Moncada bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i Havana, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 Che v\u00e0 Fidel n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Baroque h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 granit \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Santa Rita (Baroque) \u1edf Havana n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed (ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930). UNESCO m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp n\u00e0y: S\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (v\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e1 san h\u00f4, g\u1ed7) \u1edf Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111ang xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Suy t\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p. Nhi\u1ec1u dinh th\u1ef1 th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111ang bong tr\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ecf hoang \u2013 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Cuba. \u1ede Trinidad, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch b\u00f9n \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5; \u1edf Havana, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec kinh ni\u00ean do nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a phong c\u1ea3nh\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u00e1m \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia Cuba t\u00f4n vinh. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a UNESCO ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i) \u0111ang d\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i sinh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa v\u1ebb tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u2013 m\u1ed9t dinh th\u1ef1 th\u1eddi Anh thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i m\u1ecdc xuy\u00ean qua s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 \u2013 mang \u0111\u1eadm ch\u1ea5t Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Cuba gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 Cuba. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Santiago, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. \u1ede Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2m nhi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea espresso \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vieja t\u1ea1i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n sang tr\u1ecdng Palacio del Marques de Aguas Claras (nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1770), v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u2013 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Cuba. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u00e0 UNESCO ca ng\u1ee3i: <em>\u201cTrung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng Caribe.\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Havana \u2014 Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Cuba m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Havana \u2013 n\u01a1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Havana l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba giao thoa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nh\u1ea1c reggaeton hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai nh\u01b0 Havana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana.<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng theo phong c\u00e1ch Baroque c\u1ee7a Havana (x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103m 1748). Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Plaza de Armas, v\u1edbi khu ch\u1ee3 s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t, mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1ec9nh l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i ra v\u1ec9a h\u00e8. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng: c\u00e1c b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 qu\u00e9t b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m, nh\u1eefng v\u00e1n domino t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i v\u1edbi c\u00f2i inh \u1ecfi di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1edf thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 t\u1eebng \u0111i qua. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u1edf Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n (th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a UNESCO), nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u pastel bong tr\u00f3c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch l\u1ed9 ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd graffiti khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t Che.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vedado v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/strong> B\u0103ng qua eo bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Vedado (khu m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Havana v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n sang ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Stalinist v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 v\u00f4 danh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng Malec\u00f3n mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng len l\u1ecfi qua Vedado; trong \u00e1nh chi\u1ec1u t\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ra bi\u1ec3n trong khi nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7 r\u00ec r\u00e0o b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Vedado l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 c\u1ee7a Havana \u2013 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Habana Libre n\u0103m 1954 (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Habana Hilton), t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a CIA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Cuba; nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Art Deco t\u1ecfa ra t\u1eeb t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Edificio Bacardi (t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Latinh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930); v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00f2a th\u00e1p cao 109m, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng anh h\u00f9ng Cuba (ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1933). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng: nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ed5 b\u1ea5m c\u00f2i, du kh\u00e1ch chen ch\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n x\u00ec g\u00e0 b\u00e0y b\u00e1n nh\u1eefng khay c\u00f3 n\u1eafp v\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Havana c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngay g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (Paseo v\u00e0 L\u00ednea) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 granit kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Che v\u00e0 Fidel \u0111\u1ee9ng hai b\u00ean B\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf hoang t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t xe t\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c duy\u1ec7t binh th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (trong Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Batista) cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Cuba. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2m nhi m\u1ed9t ly cocktail r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum trong khi \u0111i ngang qua m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n xe Lada th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe RV ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e2u (d\u00ea s\u1ed1ng) \u0111i ch\u1ee3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1ebb \u0103n m\u1eb7c b\u1ea3nh bao nh\u00fan nh\u1ea3y theo \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c reggaeton m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1.<\/strong> Havana c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5u l\u00ean nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u clave tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng jam\u00f3n (tr\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m t\u1eeb lon c\u00e0 ph\u00ea) tr\u00ean hi\u00ean nh\u00e0 trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn g\u00f5 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u habanera tr\u00ean lan can. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t (Gran Teatro Alicia Alonso, tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Ballet Qu\u1ed1c gia) c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y graffiti qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00eam nh\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb Maikel Blanco ho\u1eb7c Buena Vista Social Club. Ngh\u0129a trang Cementerio de Col\u00f3n, m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 theo phong c\u00e1ch T\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Gothic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu (d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m x\u00ec g\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1), minh ch\u1ee9ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Cuba t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng \u2013 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do \u0111i d\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trang l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Havana c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 (San Isidro) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh th\u00e0nh khu ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Callej\u00f3n de Hamel, trong khi m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c (El Carmelo) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt nhanh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng th\u01b0a th\u1edbt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 (v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe ng\u1ef1a c\u00f9ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u00f4 t\u00f4. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Havana l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p: nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb b\u1ebb cong th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f9 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ng\u1ea1c. M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u1edf Vedado c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m Art Deco \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 xem m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1ea1i Cine Yara, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y salsa t\u1ea1i c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Tropicana huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i (m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00eam ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi trong khu v\u01b0\u1eddn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1939). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9 t\u1ea5u nh\u1ea1c jazz t\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n n\u0103m sao trong khi ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa xa hoa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, gi\u1eefa nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho Havana danh hi\u1ec7u \"th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn\". \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Cuba m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u2013 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngo\u00e0i Havana \u2014 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Cuba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Cuba tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thung l\u0169ng Vi\u00f1ales (T\u1ec9nh Pinar del R\u00edo):<\/strong> Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, khu v\u1ef1c di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a UNESCO n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i mogote. T\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng Vi\u00f1ales, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 hi\u00ean nh\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p hoang s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c tour tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 (du l\u1ecbch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch l\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kho c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che. Khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn <em>Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/em> (Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Los Tumbos mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m phi\u00eau l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n Paladares \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trinidad v\u00e0 Valle de los Ingenios (T\u1ec9nh Sancti Sp\u00edritus):<\/strong> Trinidad l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u2013 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a UNESCO. H\u00e3y d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean Plaza Mayor v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0u pastel. \u0110\u1eebng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 xu\u1ed1ng Plaza Santa Ana, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c son. \u0110i xe m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Valle de los Ingenios, m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800. Leo l\u00ean th\u00e1p \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i c\u0169 \u1edf Manaca Iznaga \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00eda v\u00e0 khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u1ea3 Trinidad v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u201cm\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda c\u1ee7a Cuba\u201d v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cienfuegos (Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Cienfuegos):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean <em>\u201cVi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam\u201d<\/em> Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00ean v\u1ecbnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Paris. Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Ferrer v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Mart\u00ed (v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 treo tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Khu v\u1ef1c ven v\u1ecbnh <em>Punta Gorda<\/em> Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf xinh x\u1eafn theo phong c\u00e1ch Art Nouveau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y tr\u00ean c\u1ecdc g\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u00e3y d\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Malec\u00f3n v\u00e0o l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m Cuba y\u00ean t\u0129nh h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb: H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Jaguan\u00ed \u1edf v\u1ecbnh Cienfuegos t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Cuba \u2013 nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Santa Clara (T\u1ec9nh Villa Clara):<\/strong> Tuy quy m\u00f4 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n h\u01a1n, Santa Clara l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Che Guevara \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 (1947\u20131967) vinh danh tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Che. \u0110\u1ed9i c\u1eadn v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u0129nh c\u1eedu t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam; Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng xe l\u1eeda b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u0103m 1958 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Che. Nh\u01b0ng Santa Clara c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Havana, mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Hanabanilla, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00fai r\u1eebng v\u00e0 l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Santiago de Cuba (T\u1ec9nh Santiago):<\/strong> Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Cuba mang \u0111\u1eadm b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Afro-Caribbean. \u0110\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ngo\u00e0i Moncada, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i San Pedro de la Roca (L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Morro) \u2013 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u2013 v\u00e0 khung c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t xung quanh ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i Sierra Maestra. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Carnaval \u1edf Santiago (l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y) l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t Cuba, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Ngh\u0129a trang Saint Ifigenia \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng Cuba: Cespedes, Maceo v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5, nay mang \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t Creole, v\u1eabn g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Cuba. \u0110\u1ea3o Isla de la Juventud (\u0110\u1ea3o Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb) ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n hoang s\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o thu\u1ed9c Cuba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Baracoa (T\u1ec9nh Guant\u00e1namo):<\/strong> Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Cuba v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1511. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i v\u00e0 r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. H\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de la Asunci\u00f3n (1528) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 thoang tho\u1ea3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng xo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eeba v\u00e0 s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ta\u00edno v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi. Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai El Yunque g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Cacao Trail s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hoang d\u00e3 v\u00f9ng Caribe thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Varadero (T\u1ec9nh Matanzas):<\/strong> C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean \"du l\u1ecbch\" duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, Varadero l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng bi\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Cuba, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7n ng\u1eafm san h\u00f4, th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y tranh ho\u1eb7c tham quan hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Bellamar (m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p). Ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Varadero tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Cuba; c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Playa Larga v\u00e0 Ci\u00e9naga de Zapata (T\u1ec9nh Matanzas):<\/strong> \u1ede b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y Zapata giao thoa v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u1ecbnh Con L\u1ee3n. Playa Larga l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u1ecbnh Con L\u1ee3n n\u0103m 1961. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01a1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n Cuba \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CIA h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i xuy\u00ean qua r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Matanzas (T\u1ec9nh Matanzas):<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd b\u1edfi khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn Varadero, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Matanzas r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1o b\u1ed9. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Sauto (nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t opera th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19) v\u00e0 Callej\u00f3n de Hamel (m\u1ed9t con h\u1ebbm nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Afro-Cuba ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi tranh v\u1ebd Rum v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c rumba s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng). N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0... <em>\u201cAthens c\u1ee7a Cuba\u201d<\/em> v\u00ec di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111a t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a Cuba. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i (t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1), trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n du kh\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed3ng \u1ea5m. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Cuba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch \u2013 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u2013 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c: \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, paladares v\u00e0 casas th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duy nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1eefa \u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c mang theo ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n ngoan. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi (lech\u00f3n asado) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng Cuba \u2014 T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng ch\u1edd nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng sang tr\u1ecdng.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Cuba \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u2013 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 arroz con pollo (c\u01a1m g\u00e0), picadillo (th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 xay v\u1edbi nho kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u00f4 liu), v\u00e0 ropa vieja (th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 x\u00e9 nh\u1ecf trong s\u1ed1t c\u00e0 chua) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n \u0103n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 moros y cristianos (c\u01a1m \u0111\u1eadu \u0111en), chu\u1ed1i chi\u00ean tostones, v\u00e0 yuca con mojo (s\u1eafn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t t\u1ecfi v\u00e0 cam qu\u00fdt). Th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n, c\u01a1m, \u0111\u1eadu, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u00ec l\u00e0, kinh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u1ecfi\/d\u1ea7u \u0103n (mojo) t\u1ea1o n\u00ean chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u cho m\u00f3n \u0103n. Du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4 mai trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n \u2013 v\u00ec s\u1eefa t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay r\u1ea5t khan hi\u1ebfm \u2013 n\u00ean ph\u00f4 mai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0103n s\u00e1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc pan con tortilla (b\u00e1nh m\u00ec k\u1eb9p tr\u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng) ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3n batido (sinh t\u1ed1 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng. Cuba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n nhanh l\u1edbn hay bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o; \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \"qu\u00e1n \u0103n nh\u1eb9\" do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t m\u00f3n ngon kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 canch\u00e1nchara (r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum, m\u1eadt ong, chanh) trong ly nh\u1ecf x\u00edu t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Cuba hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (paladar). V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh t\u1eebng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Cuba. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i b\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi hi\u00ean nh\u00e0, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng \u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eefa buffet \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u \u1edf khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n quay nh\u1ed3i s\u1ed1t \u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 vi\u00ean chi\u00ean (jibarito) v\u1edbi c\u01a1m d\u1eeba. Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Havana, Trinidad v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m vui th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 khi t\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng: ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, v\u00ec v\u1eady g\u1ecdi m\u00f3n s\u1edbm l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c fritas (th\u1ecbt vi\u00ean k\u1eb9p b\u00e1nh m\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng hamburger) ho\u1eb7c churros (b\u00e1nh b\u1ed9t chi\u00ean), ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2m nhi colada \u2013 m\u1ed9t ly espresso nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n theo ly \u1edf m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1. Th\u1ecbt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lu\u1ed9c (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u0103m b\u00f4ng, th\u1ecbt x\u00f4ng kh\u00f3i) ho\u1eb7c chi\u00ean; h\u1ea7m (nh\u01b0 trong m\u00f3n ropa vieja) gi\u00fap gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n chay s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eadu \u0111en v\u00e0 c\u01a1m r\u1ea5t no b\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u00edt l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf cho gi\u0103m b\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecbt g\u00e0. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha r\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt; tr\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u00e8 g\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1nh flan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Cuba l\u00e0 \"v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi k\u00e9p\" c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 r\u1eb1ng... <em>S\u1ed1t Mocha<\/em> Tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh m\u00ec k\u1eb9p ki\u1ec3u Cuba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1t gi\u1ed1ng mayonnaise, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u01a1 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u00f9 t\u1ea1t. R\u01b0\u1ee3u rum, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb cocktail chanh (Mojito) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u (guarapo de ca\u00f1a, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda pha r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum). X\u00ec g\u00e0 Cuba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 h\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c (nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i v\u00ec lu\u1eadt h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u01b0u \u00fd cho du kh\u00e1ch: C\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng peso Cuba (CUP). \u0110\u1eebng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u1ec1n boa nh\u01b0 \u1edf M\u1ef9; ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba nh\u1ecf. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng (paladares), \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n boa nh\u1ecf (10-15%) l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch; n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai th\u00ec r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch: nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Cuba, tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 l\u00ean c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n s\u00fap kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khoai t\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdt v\u1ecf khoai t\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh). Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd cam qu\u00fdt (\u1ed5i, cam) v\u00e0 \u1edbt ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi. M\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c mojo b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n paella qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i. Trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i (\u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi, Gi\u00e1ng sinh), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfm th\u1eed m\u00f3n heo quay (lech\u00f3n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean xi\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd \u2013 g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3 l\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng nhau nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t con heo. Nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i b\u1ee5ng khi \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n, h\u00e3y th\u1eed pan con mariscos: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh m\u00ec k\u1eb9p h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trai ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1t t\u1ecfi) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ven bi\u1ec3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y mua m\u1ed9t chai Guayabita del Pinar (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u00f9i ng\u1ecdt, th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c v\u1ecb \u1ed5i) ho\u1eb7c cerveza Cristal (bia lager nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Cuba) \u2013 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau th\u00edch. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng r\u1eddi \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfm th\u1eed \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Cuba, Coj\u00edn \u2013 r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 v\u1ecf cam qu\u00fdt \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u ti\u00eau h\u00f3a.<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o du l\u1ecbch<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng tin Du l\u1ecbch Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Cuba v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, Cuba ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t: \u0111\u1ed3ng Peso Cuba (CUP). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021, Cuba v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai (CUC \u2013 peso chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh 1 CUC = 24 CUP cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng), d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 k\u00e9p c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2021, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0... <em>\u201cS\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7\u201d<\/em>Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng CUP. T\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh: 24 CUP = 1 USD khi \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb ghi n\u1ee3, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebb do c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Cuba ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u1ebb USD b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch n\u00ean mang theo ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (USD ho\u1eb7c EUR) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (CADECA) s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thu\u1ebf 10% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4 la (t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf sau n\u0103m 2021) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i khai b\u00e1o s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n tr\u00ean 5.000 \u0111\u00f4 la mang v\u00e0o. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn peso \u201cngo\u00e0i s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch\u201d (t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee3 \u0111en th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro). C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd: mang qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd; ti\u1ec1n m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ecf d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn Cuba, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch (kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng) \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng CUP; c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n \u0103n c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CUP. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng CUP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn: 50 CUP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh m\u00ec k\u1eb9p, trong khi 10 CUP (40\u00a2) mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chai n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n t\u1eeb 700 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000 CUP (30-45 \u0111\u00f4 la). M\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p: s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \"gi\u1ecf th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\" \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1.528 CUP\/th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 sau n\u0103m 2021 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 2.100 CUP (v\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 \u0111\u00f4 la). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i (b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7) v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n boa t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00e0i x\u1ebf taxi ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4 la (ho\u1eb7c euro) cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eedi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t phong b\u00ec nh\u1ecf. <em>\u201cd\u00e0nh cho Cuba\u201d<\/em> (mang v\u1ec1 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh) ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edd b\u1ea1n mua nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, d\u1ea7u g\u1ed9i, pin) \u0111ang khan hi\u1ebfm. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0... <em>\u0111\u00f4 la h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe:<\/strong> Cuba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o du kh\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. Tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp v\u1eb7t (gi\u1eadt v\u00ed, m\u00f3c t\u00fai) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac; n\u00ean c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng (kh\u00f4ng mang qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd xung quanh). C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m y t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n \u2013 n\u00ean mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m Cuba. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng clo nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc; nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch th\u00edch d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai, lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh (CDC) kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec7nh do mu\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n (s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (th\u00e1ng 5-th\u00e1ng 10) \u2013 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o d\u00e0i tay \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch M\u1ef9:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch (\"th\u1ebb du l\u1ecbch\") \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Cuba, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 50 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu x\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang: <em>du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n<\/em> Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh theo c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c th\u0103m th\u00e2n. Trang web c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00eau r\u00f5: <em>\u201cVi\u1ec7c \u0111i du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn Cuba v\u1eabn b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn Cuba m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a OFAC l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.\u201d<\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn \u0111i du l\u1ecbch theo di\u1ec7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p chung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u0103m th\u00e2n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n M\u1ef9, h\u00e3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd (th\u01b0 t\u1eeb, bi\u00ean lai) ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Havana kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p visa du l\u1ecbch \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng \u201ctarjeta turista\u201d gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0o \u00f4 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Internet \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn. ETECSA do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m truy c\u1eadp Wi-Fi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (mua theo gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t). M\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. \u0110\u1eebng mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng cao; h\u00e3y l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (ETECSA b\u00e1n th\u1ebb SIM 4G n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf kh\u00f3a) \u2013 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qua WhatsApp khi c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 g\u00e0. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thu\u00ea xe t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe (kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, kho\u1ea3ng 100 \u0111\u00f4 la\/ng\u00e0y), nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n. Xe bu\u00fdt (Viazul v\u00e0 Transtur) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u1edbn d\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i <em>\u0110\u1ee9a b\u00e9<\/em> (Xe bu\u00fdt) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Xe van t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng chung (\"almendrones\" \u2013 lo\u1ea1i xe bu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9 c\u0169) cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u0111i nh\u1edd xe \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. Trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, taxi c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: taxi m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (\"turisticos\") (\u1edf Havana, thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng euro b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng), taxi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0ng Lada (xe c\u0169, thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng CUP, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch) v\u00e0 taxi m\u00e0u cam \"Camellos\" (xe combi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 n\u00f3c \u1edf Havana). D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho thu\u00ea xe \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 xe m\u00e1y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Vi\u00f1ales v\u00e0 Guardalavaca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh l\u00fd, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb mang theo nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft: kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng (n\u1eafng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf Cuba r\u1ea5t gay g\u1eaft), k\u00ednh r\u00e2m, m\u0169 t\u1ed1t, gi\u00e0y \u0111i b\u1ed9 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u), v\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i\/thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1edf Havana v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 110V (ph\u00edch c\u1eafm ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9); v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 110V v\u00e0 220V. \u1ed4 c\u1eafm th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn; mang theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng du l\u1ecbch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u01a1i l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u; nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Du l\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u2013 x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng ch\u1edd xe bu\u00fdt, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda s\u1edbm v\u00ec h\u1ebft x\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n\u9b45\u529b c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n nghi ki\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Cuba. <em>\"H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 ra n\u00f3.\"<\/em> (\"B\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p\"), nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c2m nh\u1ea1c, Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u2014 V\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n sinh t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Cuba m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u2013 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Cuba. \u1ede c\u1ea3 Havana v\u00e0 Santiago, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 khi\u00eau v\u0169 c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c2m nh\u1ea1c:<\/strong> C\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201cCuba es ritmo\u201d (Cuba l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u) tuy s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u00e2n hi\u00ean ri\u00eang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng Afro-Cuba ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n guitar son cubano. Ngo\u00e0i son v\u00e0 rumba (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp), c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 bolero, mambo, cha-cha-ch\u00e1, salsa, timba v\u00e0 jazz \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Cuba. Salsa, d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi New York, c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u son v\u00e0 rumba c\u1ee7a Cuba. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Buena Vista Social Club (s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990) \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 sonero k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u Benny Mor\u00e9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ban nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef g\u00ecn nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Parque Central \u1edf Havana hay Casa de la Trova \u1edf Santiago \u2013 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa tr\u00ean s\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c UNESCO g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1ea1c son Cuba l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt d\u00f2ng nh\u1ea1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u1ea1c son \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Cuba, ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n bar, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ba nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c son ho\u1eb7c bolero v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c rumba: m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a UNESCO v\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1c rumba nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c son ho\u1eb7c bolero \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. <em>\u201cNh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u00f4 vang, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng\u2026 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui\u2026 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng.\u201d<\/em>Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01a1i guiro ho\u1eb7c conga d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y rumba v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1ea1c Jazz c\u0169ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. Havana c\u00f3 Li\u00ean hoan nh\u1ea1c Jazz ri\u00eang (th\u00e1ng Hai) v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; Dizzy Gillespie n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eebng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u0103m 1947 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c jazz Cuba. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 jazz Cuba m\u1edbi (pha tr\u1ed9n nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, Afro-Cuban v\u00e0 bebop) bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 La Zorra y el Cuervo. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh: \u0110o\u00e0n Ballet Qu\u1ed1c gia Cuba n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Alicia Alonso), v\u00e0 Casa de las Am\u00e9ricas \u1edf Havana l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u0103n h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 Latinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c:<\/strong> Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ti\u00ean phong... <em>Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Jos\u00e9 Fuster<\/em>N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecda s\u0129 ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc Jos\u00e9 Fuster n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3m g\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc quanh nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 khu ph\u1ed1 xung quanh. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u0111en tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1959, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c li\u1ec7t s\u0129. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u0169ng n\u1edf r\u1ed9: C\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u1edf San Isidro (khu ph\u1ed1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Havana) tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e8n neon v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Pilar Pe\u00f1alver) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>Cuba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Carnival Santiago v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa tr\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c Jazz Havana (th\u00e1ng 12\/th\u00e1ng 1) thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Ballet Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Havana) gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Lazaro v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 12 \u2013 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, v\u1edbi xe ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o v\u00e0 d\u00e0n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh. Du kh\u00e1ch may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb. <em>gia c\u1ea7m<\/em> (Nh\u1eefng m\u00e0n b\u1eafn ph\u00e1o hoa v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Remedios v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp Gi\u00e1ng sinh) khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, minh ch\u1ee9ng cho tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Cuba. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel Jos\u00e9 Lezama Lima. <em>Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Cuba c\u1ee7a Hemingway <em>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o trong d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i<\/em> C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 qua th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Havana. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh Cuba \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i (phim c\u1ee7a Tom\u00e1s Guti\u00e9rrez Alea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y) th\u01b0\u1eddng khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng di c\u01b0 \u2013 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfm hoi m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n. Trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cn\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf. Ngay c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n bi\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh s\u00e0n nh\u1ea3y thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch nghi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n. V\u00e0 khi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 khan hi\u1ebfm, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u00ed d\u1ecfm tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba, n\u00f3i chung, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm k\u00ecm h\u00e3m ni\u1ec1m vui hay b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd Cuba \u2014 Nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd Cuba. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 d\u01b0 d\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng dinh th\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt phong ph\u00fa n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 tin t\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 v\u1eafng tanh, nh\u01b0ng du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i). Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian: nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc tivi chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh M\u1ef9 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p l\u1eadu b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean USB), h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng so v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u00e9p:<\/strong> \u1ede m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Cuba \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng (ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed), nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hai m\u1eb7t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \"thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4\" (du l\u1ecbch, ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i) s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c peso. Ch\u1ee3 \u0111en c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a giai c\u1ea5p r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u1ede Havana, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n sang tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, trong khi vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi l\u1edbp s\u01a1n bong tr\u00f3c. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n (paladares), taxi t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4 la ho\u1eb7c euro) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \"x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\" tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> Cuba b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua... <em>G\u00f3i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n<\/em> \u2013 M\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t USB ch\u1ee9a phim \u1ea3nh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, tin t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb Miami v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m truy c\u1eadp Wi-Fi t\u00ednh ph\u00ed theo gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VPN \u0111\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t web v\u00e0, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft blog ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0103ng tweet b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh), nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u00e9p k\u00edn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb Cuba (sinh sau n\u0103m 1990) c\u00f3 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd am hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Mong mu\u1ed1n di c\u01b0 r\u1ea5t cao; theo c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba mu\u1ed1n r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Vedado, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1ebb m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n jean h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ed5 \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng m\u1edbi), v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m di\u1ec5n ra \u00e2m th\u1ea7m khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi \u0111i th\u00ec l\u00e0m v\u1eady, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i n\u00edn th\u1edf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy t\u00e2m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n:<\/strong> V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba v\u1eabn t\u00f4n vinh Che v\u00e0 Fidel nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 <em>\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.\u201d<\/em> C\u00e2u n\u00f3i (\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u201d) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba: n\u1ebfu h\u1ebft s\u1eefa mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd n\u00e0y len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea internet v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p cao v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra (Cuba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eafc-xin) ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c h\u1ebft thu\u1ed1c aspirin. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Cuba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f5 s\u0129 quy\u1ec1n anh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao Olympic) m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0... <em>\u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c\u201d<\/em> (\"Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c\") ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. <em>and<\/em> M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950. Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 r\u1ebb cho du kh\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n; nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u1edf sang tr\u1ecdng (nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2n trang l\u1ea1i) n\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Cuba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Cuba l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean... <em>h\u01a1n<\/em> Cuba ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Fidel Castro \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (Castro ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u n\u0103m 2008, m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Cuba lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01a1i X v\u00e0 Y va ch\u1ea1m\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00ec g\u00e0, khi\u00eau v\u0169 v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Cuba \u2014 M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Cuba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u2013 c\u1ea5p th\u00eam gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p kinh doanh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch), v\u00e0 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3: \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay th\u1ebf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u0169? S\u1ef1 l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a D\u00edaz-Canel (v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Castro \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1959) kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn. Cuba c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu: b\u00e3o m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Havana l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng khai kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o carbon (nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i di d\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u00e2y th\u00eam \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Cuba v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i (khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u1eafm chim, nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n coi Cuba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u1ea5m l\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb Cuba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi \u0111i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do di chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00e1nh c\u1eeda k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e9 m\u1edf: khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ea7m), d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u1ea3 thi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Cuba c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n, h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Cuba. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u00e0y t\u1ecf mong mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a trong khi... <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta\u201d<\/em> \u2013 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch T\u00e2y Ban Nha-Caribbean, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Afro-Cuba, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cuba s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sinh k\u1ebf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Cuba s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf Cuba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu hay coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f2 m\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7y quan t\u00e2m. Khi r\u1eddi \u0111i, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Cuba c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a? Li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung dung \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong khi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1edf Havana v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i \u1edf Pinar del R\u00edo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Cuba v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn, nh\u1eefng giai \u0111i\u1ec7u du d\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ly cocktail rum \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eadm ch\u1ea5t Cuba. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. <em>\"T\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111ang r\u1ea5t th\u00edch n\u00f3\"<\/em> (\u201cv\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d), theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 k\u00e8n trumpet ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba Arturo Sandoval. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Malec\u00f3n c\u1ee7a Havana c\u00f2n giao thoa v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Gulf Stream v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n guitar v\u1eabn vang v\u1ecdng tr\u00ean ban c\u00f4ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Cuba s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Cuba, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u mang trong m\u00ecnh v\u00f4 v\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Baroque \u1edf Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc Chevrolet th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng ch\u1edd nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u2013 cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha, s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ghi trong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 Afro-Cuba s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh khan hi\u1ebfm c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. C\u1ea9m nang n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Cuba: t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba m\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng du k\u00edch c\u1ee7a Castro v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Cho d\u00f9 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Trinidad thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u1edf Vi\u00f1ales hay nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a Havana, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Cuba. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 du l\u1ecbch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Cuba.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2181","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-popular-destinations","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2181"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2181\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4949"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}