L\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 b\u01b0u thi\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn nho v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai Moldova \u0111\u00e3 in d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh. T\u1ea1i Orhei C\u1ed5 (Orheiul Vechi), m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi h\u1ebbm n\u00fai \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch Chi\u015fin\u0103u kho\u1ea3ng 60 km (37 d\u1eb7m) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Cucuteni\u2013Trypillia th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi (kho\u1ea3ng 5.000\u20132.750 TCN) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai; sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft nh\u01b0 Getae\u2013Dacians \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6\u20133 TCN) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Kim Tr\u01b0\u1edbng H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Shehr al-Jedid (\u201cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi\u201d) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Orheiul Vechi, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Moldavian th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Stefan \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf (cai tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1457\u20131504).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c di t\u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng phong ph\u00fa kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. T\u1ea1i Orheiul Vechi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebdo g\u1ecdt v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13\u201315 \u2013 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5. Tu vi\u1ec7n Rudi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10\u201318) c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng th\u1eddi La M\u00e3. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, Orheiul Vechi v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi: m\u1ed7i v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00e2n hi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00ec th\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 s\u0103n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Moldova \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. S\u00f4ng R\u0103ut c\u1eaft qua nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Orheiul Vechi, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn nho b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Moldova kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Dacia, c\u00e1c h\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moldavian, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Moldova n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i thoai tho\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Moldova tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea7m r\u01b0\u1ee3u. H\u01a1n 30 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n Tortonian\u2013Sarmatian, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i d\u00e0y. H\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m, n\u01a1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang khi nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn nho tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vua. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1951 tr\u1edf \u0111i), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ecf b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Ng\u00e0y nay, hai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y - Cricova v\u00e0 Mile\u0219tii Mici - l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang Cricova, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch Chi\u0219in\u0103u v\u00e0i km, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng 32,4 ha (80 m\u1eabu Anh) ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y (t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 1.094.700 m\u00b3) tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 120 km (75 d\u1eb7m). B\u00ean trong, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf: c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh 10\u201314 \u00b0C (50\u201357 \u00b0F) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ~90%, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang. Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ng\u1ea7m n\u00e0y, r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb 40 tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt (h\u01a1n 10,5 tri\u1ec7u gallon M\u1ef9) c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a. Khi Moldova c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 nh\u01b0 Khrushchev v\u00e0 Gorbachev c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00e2ng ly r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt Moldova t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y nay, Cricova v\u1eabn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 2 tri\u1ec7u chai r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Mile\u0219tii Mici, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 200 km (124 d\u1eb7m) v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i 55 km (34 d\u1eb7m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u0103m 2005, \u201cB\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp v\u00e0ng\u201d n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t K\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c Guinness th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: 1,5 tri\u1ec7u chai r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdt, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ga) \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c h\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eefng chai r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1973. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u00e0y - kho\u1ea3ng 97,7 ha (242 m\u1eabu Anh) ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m - t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ng\u1ea7m, Mile\u0219tii Mici th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng n\u1ebfm th\u1eed, b\u00e0n baroque v\u00e0 tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00e1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Moldova n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i chai r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bessarabia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n th\u1eadt \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Moldova l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u2013 m\u1ed7i \u201ccon ph\u1ed1\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng nho ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Cricova v\u00e0 Mile\u0219tii Mici l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u, quy m\u00f4 c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u201cnh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang ng\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp chai r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Moldova \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 - theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i tr\u1eafng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Tu vi\u1ec7n Tipova tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Nistru (Dniester). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n Rezina, Tipova l\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng giam v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, do \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh tu vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Moldavian \u0218tefan cel Mare \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Sau khi b\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1994, Tipova ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y nho v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tipova ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Moldova. Tu vi\u1ec7n Saharna (Holy Trinity) xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh t\u00edch th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed h\u01a1n: tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 cao 100 m\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n th\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u00eau nh\u01b0 Saharna cho th\u1ea5y truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Orheiul Vechi, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n hang \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef Slav\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u1ee7a Moldova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tu vi\u1ec7n C\u0103priana, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng Codrii c\u00e1ch Chi\u0219in\u0103u 40 km (25 d\u1eb7m) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tu vi\u1ec7n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Moldova (l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1429). Alexander the Good \u0111\u00e3 trao C\u0103priana cho v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb sau n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Petru Rare\u0219 (gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1500) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Dormition b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 (1491\u20131496) c\u00f3 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Metropolitan Gavril B\u0103nulescu-Bodoni v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u1edf Moldova. Kh\u00f4ng xa, Tu vi\u1ec7n Japca \u1edf b\u1edd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Nistru n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. \u1ea8n m\u00ecnh trong r\u1eebng v\u00e0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf r\u00eca Transnistria, c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Japca \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda lu\u00f4n ch\u00e1y khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u im ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m linh thi\u00eang n\u00e0y \u2013 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a Tipova \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng baroque c\u1ee7a C\u0103priana \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch hay nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Moldova. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u1eadt si\u00eau th\u1ef1c: lang thang gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ong, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u1ee7y t\u00f9ng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng kinh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng xa x\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u201cv\u1eabn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7\u201d, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Do \u0111\u00f3, di s\u1ea3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Moldova g\u1eafn k\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 Orheiul Vechi) v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Moldova. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 canh t\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n P\u0103durea Domneasc\u0103 \u1edf Qu\u1eadn Glodeni (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Moldova) c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 6.032 ha (~14.900 m\u1eabu Anh), b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng s\u1ed3i c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i h\u00f9ng v\u0129 - m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 - v\u1eabn cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00f2 r\u1eebng bizon ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (wisent) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n coi Domneasc\u0103 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng ho\u00e0ng gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh: v\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u0103n b\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Moldavian (do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady), v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n gia s\u00fac hoang d\u00e3. L\u1ee3n r\u1eebng, h\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0 linh mi\u00eau lang thang d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1eafm chim ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim g\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 di\u1ec1u h\u00e2u qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean t\u00e1n c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n trung Moldova, Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Codrii (Qu\u1eadn Str\u0103\u0219eni) b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 5.187 ha (12.820 m\u1eabu Anh) r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Moldova (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1971), nh\u1eefng r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 che ch\u1edf cho h\u01a1n 1.000 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 50 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa. \u1ede Codrii, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con l\u1eedng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t con c\u00fa, v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y vang v\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con c\u00f2 \u0111en v\u00e0 ng\u1ed7ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Plaiul Fagului (5.642 ha\/13.940 m\u1eabu Anh) b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng s\u1ed3i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. Lo\u00e0i linh mi\u00eau \u00c1-\u00c2u v\u00e0 r\u00e1i c\u00e1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 Moldova nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u0169ng t\u1eebng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede ph\u00eda nam th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u kh\u00e1c. Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Iagorl\u00eec (Transnistria) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cao nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ph\u00eda tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Dniester, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200 lo\u00e0i chim - kho\u1ea3ng 100 lo\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 - bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, chim \u01b0ng v\u00e0 chim \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00f2 s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n xanh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, r\u1eafn Dice v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ao n\u01a1i r\u00f9a ao ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sinh s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Moldova c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh sinh th\u00e1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i hoang d\u00e3 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng cao ph\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong EU. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Ukraine. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i (c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u201ccodrii\u201d) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh: h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i, l\u1ee3n r\u1eebng, s\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u1ebfch qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch y\u00eau thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, Moldova cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed3i m\u00f9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00ean t\u0129nh, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa s\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eadp c\u00e1nh v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa: 90% l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Ramsar. M\u1ed9t trang web nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Moldova "v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9 th\u0103m nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u1ea9n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch th\u00edch phi\u00eau l\u01b0u". Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng y\u00ean t\u0129nh, n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 r\u1eebng hoang d\u00e3 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecnh c\u1edd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 trong m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n xa x\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede Moldova, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng mang \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Rumani, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef R\u00f4man. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2023, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4) v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 "Moldova". \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Moscow: khi Bessarabia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (1940\u20131991), ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc "Moldova" ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Kirin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989, Moldova \u0111\u00e3 quay l\u1ea1i ch\u1eef Latinh v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Rumani. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2023, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt g\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Rumani trong m\u1ecdi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1991 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Moldova: nh\u01b0 Reuters \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Rumani, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfng Nga v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u1ede c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 Transnistria ly khai, ti\u1ebfng Nga th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2025 c\u1ee7a Reuters m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Transnistria l\u00e0 "ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nga", \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 th\u00e2n Moscow. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf Gagauzia (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Nga h\u00f3a c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3-Gagauz b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Nga v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Moldova chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do; m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng Romania, ti\u1ebfng Nga v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ukraina \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Moldova g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Gagauz, s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Gagauzia \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gagauz v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Turk nh\u01b0ng theo Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed du m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Gagauz (m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, ch\u1eef Kirin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gagauz l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nga nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 126.010 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gagauz v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 th\u1eddi Ottoman v\u00e0o Bessarabia. N\u0103m 1994, Gagauzia \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Moldova, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh - m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hi\u1ebfm hoi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Turk \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bulgaria v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraina t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Nga \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tinh t\u1ebf: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Moldova n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Romania (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef khu v\u1ef1c), m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn n\u00f3i song ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Nga v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 gi\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Gagauz ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng Bulgaria. S\u1ef1 gi\u1eb1ng co gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Romania v\u00e0 Moldova v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0 Reuters \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, lu\u1eadt ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 "s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m" do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft g\u00e2y ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Chi\u015fin\u0103u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ia\u015fi (Romania) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec - v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Moldova gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Rumani (ch\u1eef Latinh) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Nga (ch\u1eef Kirin). D\u00e0n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Byzantine h\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Slav\u01a1 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca Rumani. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m d\u00e2n gian t\u1eebng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00faa d\u00e2n gian Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1edd c\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafp v\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Moldova gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 "s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt" \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Moldova \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb di s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y - th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Moldova l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y t\u00f2 m\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Khrushchev. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950-60, Nikita Khrushchev coi Moldova l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m "C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng Gamma": c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1t l\u00faa m\u00ec, ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd g\u1ea7n Br\u0103tu\u0219eni v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "\u0111\u1eadu xanh" ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eadu c\u00f3 v\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u \u00f4 liu) h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ed1m do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. \u1ede c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u1eabn nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 \u200b\u200bl\u1ea1: r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, Moldova \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u "l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn nguy\u00ean t\u1eed" trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t t\u00e0n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 Transnistria - d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Moldova d\u1ecdc theo S\u00f4ng Dniester (Nistru) \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ly khai n\u00e0y (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Tiraspol) v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Nga tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay Transnistria v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. B\u1ea3n tin c\u1ee7a Reuters v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2025 n\u00eau b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Nga c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Transnistria \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec7n cho Moldova v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y "ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nga". T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2024, Chi\u0219in\u0103u (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Moldova) v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Kyiv \u0111\u1ec1u lo ng\u1ea1i Transnistria s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nga l\u00ean Moldova v\u00e0 Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Transnistria c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean nang th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u1ede Tiraspol, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Lenin \u1edf qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 binh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nga. Tu vi\u1ec7n Noul-Neam\u021b \u1edf Chi\u021bcani (v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Transnistria) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Li\u00ean X\u00f4: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Romania v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1861, tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf ph\u00eda Moldova, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n H\u00e2ncu v\u00e0 H\u00eerj\u0103uca (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng trong g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Moscow chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1ec9 sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Moldova l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u00fap Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (borsch, sarmale) chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf Chi\u0219in\u0103u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh phong c\u00e1ch Romania, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Transnistria, bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Nga l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 c\u1ee7a Moldova l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m: tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00c1o-Hung v\u00e0 Ottoman, \u0110\u1ea1i Romania gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1940 (b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn 1941\u201344), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1991. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch t\u00f2 m\u00f2 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Lenin, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac trang tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u1edbi t\u00e0n t\u00edch ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Moldova l\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean EU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Maia Sandu (nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019\u2013 ) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 Reuters \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2025, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Moldova \u0111ang t\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Transnistria v\u00e0 Nga. H\u00e0m \u00fd: Moldova nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111ang b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ngay c\u1ea3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vodka c\u0169ng l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00fac m\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u vodka s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Moldova (kho\u1ea3ng 33.800 km\u00b2 ho\u1eb7c 13.000 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a y\u00ean t\u0129nh n\u00e0y? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Moldova. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moldavian th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 La M\u00e3-Byzantine, ph\u1ea1m vi Ottoman, \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Nga v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111an xen ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o do m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moldova c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 2,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en: ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c Romania \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n Slavic v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u1edf b\u00ean kia. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi Nga, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi EU \u2013 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t ng\u00e0y nay. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec3u Moldova c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n: s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Li\u00ean X\u00f4, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 (nh\u01b0 Gagauz ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Romania) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap ch\u00e2u \u00c2u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, Moldova l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (ch\u00e1o ng\u00f4 m\u0103m\u0103lig\u0103, r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1eadn, pho m\u00e1t c\u1eebu) g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Balkan, Ukraina v\u00e0 Romania. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd - v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ballad c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a tr\u00ean gusle v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng v\u0129 c\u1ea7m gypsy bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 - l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng giai \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Hram (ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 l\u00e0ng) ho\u1eb7c Martisor (l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n) cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n gian t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Ngay c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Moldova - ba m\u00e0u xanh, v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf - v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Romania r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Moldova c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Stefan cel Mare, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1989 khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Latinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Moldova quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng "tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u" c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n. Trong khi kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Prague hay Tuscany, Moldova mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb can thi\u1ec7p - ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e8n l\u1ed3ng trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0ng. T\u1ea1i Mile\u0219tii Mici, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2m nhi r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang s\u1ee7i t\u0103m m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 50 m\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, trong khi nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng s\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a C\u0103priana che ch\u1edf b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. \u1ede Chi\u015fin\u0103u, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 s\u00e1nh vai v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Orheiul Vechi, nh\u1eefng con s\u1ebfu bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ean cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa d\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Moldova c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn nho c\u1ee7a Moldova s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Sa ho\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Moldova b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u t\u00e2m linh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia Romania, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y mang trong m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cossack, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ottoman v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft. \u0110i qua Moldova l\u00e0 \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y - v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 qua, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Moldova khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n: m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, khi \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9, s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 Moldova, t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 12 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Trong khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hang \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2154","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-interesting-facts","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2154"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2154\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}