{"id":1680,"date":"2024-08-10T09:09:03","date_gmt":"2024-08-10T09:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=1680"},"modified":"2026-02-26T15:37:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T15:37:18","slug":"nhung-dia-diem-tuyet-voi-ma-it-nguoi-co-the-ghe-tham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/tourist-destinations\/amazing-places-small-number-of-people-can-visit\/","title":{"rendered":"Restricted Realms: Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c du kh\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong, nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1, nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o hoang d\u00e3 xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt\u2014m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang che gi\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb kh\u01a1i d\u1eady b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea9m nang du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u1ea5m du kh\u00e1ch tham quan. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2014 t\u1eeb l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ni\u00eam phong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Nam C\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 hoang s\u01a1 \u2014 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f9ng nhau, nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t c\u1eaft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nhu c\u1ea7u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 h\u00e9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a UNESCO v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y truy t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1ea9n sau \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf \u2014 b\u1ea3n sao, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan \u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u2014 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ra v\u00e0o: T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trang web b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp. C\u00e1c l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 <strong>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tranh v\u1ebd trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u01a1i \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 do du kh\u00e1ch mang \u0111\u1ebfn. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<br>\u2013 <strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ni\u00eam phong cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n s\u1edbm.<br>\u2013 <strong>An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o, khu v\u1ef1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u0169 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea5m \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ed m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f4ng khai.<br>\u2013 <strong>\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m mang t\u00ednh linh thi\u00eang ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 ho\u00e0ng gia b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0o tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb linh thi\u00eang.<br>\u2013 <strong>An ninh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba tai n\u1ea1n. N\u00fai l\u1eeda, b\u00e3i m\u00ecn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y: ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1eeba c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc), nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: c\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ckhu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5: ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c di t\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch UNESCO, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n hang Lascaux \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3o Heard, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00dac ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5m du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 di t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai qu\u1eadt l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 ho\u00e0ng gia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng. Lu\u1eadt m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Brazil c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o R\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Vatican qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c quan ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng minh; vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea3o Heard ph\u1ea3i xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1eeb Ph\u00e2n khu Nam C\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00dac v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd xung quanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 5 V\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/td><td>Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/td><td>L\u00fd do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh<\/td><td>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UNESCO<\/td><td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng<\/td><td>Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td><td>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc; an to\u00e0n<\/td><td><em>(Trang web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7)<\/em><\/td><td>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng (ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hang Lascaux<\/td><td>Ph\u00e1p<\/td><td>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed<\/td><td>V\u00e2ng (1979)<\/td><td>C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda (c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n sao\/phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n VR)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ea3o Heard &amp; McDonald<\/td><td>L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nam C\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00dac<\/td><td>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3<\/td><td>V\u00e2ng (1997)<\/td><td>\u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda (ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ea3o Queimada Grande (\u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn)<\/td><td>Brazil<\/td><td>An to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c) &amp; b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i<\/td><td><em>(khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7)<\/em><\/td><td>Khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e9p k\u00edn (ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ra v\u00e0o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Vatican<\/td><td>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Vatican<\/td><td>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1eadt<\/td><td>Kh\u00f4ng (l\u01b0u tr\u1eef)<\/td><td>Ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 (quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng \u2014 L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 ho\u00e0ng gia ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Tomb-of-Chinas-first-Emperor-Qin-Shi-Huang.jpg\" alt=\"L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c - T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng\" title=\"L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c - T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng (259\u2013210 TCN) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 ng\u1ea7m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u1ea7n T\u00e2y An, ra l\u1ec7nh cho h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u00f4ng. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201ccung \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m\u201d b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n th\u1ed5i xoay quanh n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong: c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt, xe ng\u1ef1a, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. N\u0103m 1974, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5t nung \u2014 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy m\u00f4 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng m\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e0y x\u1edbi hay du kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi: C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1eed s\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. S\u1eed gia T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u00e0n l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc n\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m b\u1eaby s\u1ebd nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. Khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 1980, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 khoan c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng g\u1ea7n l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1ea5t cao b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111\u00f4 nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. H\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng: b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 l\u1edbp s\u01a1n m\u00e0i, g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kho b\u00e1u b\u00ean trong l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ni\u00eam phong?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 T\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro. M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. N\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt s\u01a1n m\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c vi khu\u1ea9n. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u00e1u v\u1eadt l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n cao c\u0169ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai qu\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khu di t\u00edch n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c kho b\u00e1u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u201cT\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (\u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung) v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n (nh\u01b0 radar xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t). B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u2014 cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan: \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tham quan, du kh\u00e1ch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xung quanh c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u0103ng m\u1ed9. Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh \u0111\u1ea5t nung n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1974, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh l\u00ednh, k\u1ef5 binh v\u00e0 xe ng\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Di t\u00edch \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang tham quan h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c tour tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean d\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 ch\u00f4n. Trung t\u00e2m du kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c: b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eebng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 g\u00f2 m\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch T\u00e2y An kho\u1ea3ng 40 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng xe bu\u00fdt ho\u1eb7c taxi. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi gi\u1edd m\u1edf c\u1eeda d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua v\u00e9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm. C\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m thanh.<\/p><cite>Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong khu m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ra v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n (nh\u01b0 radar xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t) \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 di d\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 sau khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1edbi s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \"vi\u00ean nang th\u1eddi gian\" cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh \u0111\u1ea5t nung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y m\u1edf c\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng b\u00ean trong, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Lascaux \u2014 Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u1ea9n sau c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lascaux-caves-France.jpg\" alt=\"hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Lascaux-Ph\u00e1p\" title=\"hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Lascaux-Ph\u00e1p\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kinh ng\u1ea1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u (1940)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1940, b\u1ed1n thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ea7n Montignac \u1edf t\u00e2y nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. H\u1ecd b\u00f2 qua v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt: b\u00f2 r\u1eebng (b\u00f2 r\u1eebng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), ng\u1ef1a, h\u01b0\u01a1u, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 hang Lascaux \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng; h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tinh x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt 17.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1948, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang tham quan nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh lang h\u1eb9p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, Lascaux l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng vang v\u1ecdng m\u00f9i kh\u00ed carbon dioxide t\u1eeb h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 kh\u00f3i d\u1ea7u diesel t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 khi du kh\u00e1ch \u0111ang tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ed3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u00ean trong: 17.000 n\u0103m bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Lascaux l\u01b0u gi\u1eef g\u1ea7n 2.000 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. B\u00f2 s\u1eebng (b\u00f2 r\u1eebng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u) \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ng\u1ef1a, h\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0 b\u00f2 bison, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111en. B\u1ee9c tranh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ea3nh B\u00f2 Tr\u00ea\u201d: nh\u1eefng con b\u00f2 r\u1eebng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd theo h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u00e1. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5m g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi-\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00f9 th\u1ee7y\u201d, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u01a1u. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y h\u00e0m \u00fd \u00fd ngh\u0129a nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: than c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u kho\u00e1ng. H\u1ecd d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e0n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 cao. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tinh x\u1ea3o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi m\u00f4 cho th\u1ea5y s\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m oxit s\u1eaft cho m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 oxit mangan \u0111en cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thoa b\u1eb1ng c\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u1eeb l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ed5i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u qua c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng s\u1eady r\u1ed7ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh: c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ma thu\u1eadt s\u0103n b\u1eafn nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i. D\u00f9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Lascaux cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 K\u1ef7 B\u0103ng h\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao Lascaux \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, Lascaux kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu. H\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m; \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed carbon dioxide v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t. N\u1ea5m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1. N\u0103m 1955, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00f2n gi\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963, khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda Lascaux v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 1.200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o tham quan m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Lascaux \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda hang \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. N\u0103m 2001, m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c (Fusarium solani) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u cam \u0111\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lan r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng hydro peroxide, thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t Lascaux li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. Ngay c\u1ea3 ph\u00f2ng l\u00f2 nung c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, bu\u1ed3ng Lascaux nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n: n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 \u2014 ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed \u2014 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho di s\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m Lascaux ng\u00e0y nay: B\u1ea3n sao v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, du kh\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Lascaux. N\u0103m 1983, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m. <em>Lascaux II<\/em>B\u1ea3n sao ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh (S\u1ea3nh B\u00f2 t\u00f3t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng Tranh). <em>Lascaux II<\/em> Thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, m\u1ed9t trang web l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0... <em>Lascaux IV<\/em> (Trung t\u00e2m Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n Montignac. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y b\u1ea3n sao ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 in k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i <em>Lascaux IV<\/em>Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c t\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh v\u1ebd trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u00e8m theo b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tour c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m k\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea3o m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang (\u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng) trong khi \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho hang \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 tham quan Lascaux IV tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c tour tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khu di t\u00edch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u1eabu thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1eeb Montignac.<\/p><cite>M\u1eb9o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Lascaux trong khi hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea3o Heard v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o McDonald \u2014 L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nam C\u1ef1c hoang s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00dac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Volcanic-Island-Heard.jpg\" alt=\"N\u00fai l\u1eeda-\u0110\u1ea3o-Heard\" title=\"N\u00fai l\u1eeda-\u0110\u1ea3o-Heard\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o Heard v\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o McDonald n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch \u00dac g\u1ea7n 4.000 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam, s\u00e2u trong Nam \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 368 km\u00b2, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi Big Ben (n\u00fai Hamilton), m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft cao 2.745 m\u00e9t. C\u1ea3nh quan n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft bao ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n quanh n\u0103m, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng hay c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n; ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00e0u trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ebfm hoi c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft y\u00ean t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o McDonald nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00fai l\u1eeda hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf. C\u1ea3 hai h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nam C\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00dac, do Ph\u00e2n khu Nam C\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00dac qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang so v\u1edbi \u00dac v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u2014 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n 3.000 km \u2014 khi\u1ebfn Heard v\u00e0 McDonald tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i bi\u1ec3n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nguy hi\u1ec3m qua v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n b\u0103ng gi\u00e1, d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng h\u00e8, gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u0103ng bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o Heard \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1853 (n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng John Heard c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u \u0111ang kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u00dac). V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u l\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1877, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. \u0110\u1ea3o McDonald \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n c\u00e1 voi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1810, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200br\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau khi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u0103n b\u1eaft h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u k\u1ebft th\u00fac, c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ebfm hoi. N\u0103m 1947, \u00dac ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n. Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 Nam C\u1ef1c. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ebfm hoi nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t tr\u00ean b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Heard khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tham quan t\u1ef1 do g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997, bu\u1ed9c \u00dac ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n hay chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00e0o \u2013 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb C\u1ee5c Nam C\u1ef1c \u00dac, c\u01a1 quan s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m: b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n li\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng; t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i neo \u0111\u1eadu ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed3ng b\u01a1m h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Heard \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 mang theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, sinh s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gan d\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Heard \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nam C\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea ri\u00eang, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Fremantle (\u00dac) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t hai tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n do th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 sinh t\u1ed3n do kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Heard tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea3o Heard l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t vua, h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u1ea3i \u00e2u) sinh s\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u01b0u gi\u1eef chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1eadn Nam C\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3o Heard c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. C\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng bao ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1n 80% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea3o, cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc tan ch\u1ea3y cho c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u00e0y. N\u00fai l\u1eeda Big Ben \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 phun tr\u00e0o l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00fai l\u1eeda trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nguy\u00ean s\u01a1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng dung nham v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee5i tuy\u1ebft, cung c\u1ea5p manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1u mang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi h\u1ed1c sinh th\u00e1i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Heard th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 song tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfm hoi: Ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Heard, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00fai l\u1eeda kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 Big Ben, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thu\u00ea, th\u01b0\u1eddng do C\u1ee5c Nam C\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00dac ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3) trong th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Heard, m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c theo Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u00dac. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t; c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, du kh\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p. L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng (\u0111\u00f4i khi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m). Sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c khu c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Khi r\u1eddi \u0111i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea3o Queimada Grande (\u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn) \u2014 Khu v\u1ef1c nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7y n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Brazil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Snake-Island-Brazil.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn-Brazil\" title=\"\u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn-Brazil\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ilha da Queimada Grande (ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea3o Ch\u00e1y L\u1edbn\u201d), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n bang S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil kho\u1ea3ng 34 km. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 430.000 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi r\u1eebng c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1eadm r\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf: b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u1ea5m \u00e1p, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Brazil tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982. Do thi\u1ebfu b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m neo \u0111\u1eadu an to\u00e0n, t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3n l\u1eb7ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1909 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u1eafn h\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o v\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o v\u00e0ng (<em>Bothrops insularis<\/em>R\u1eafn h\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c (Malhead) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u00e0u v\u1ea3y v\u00e0ng \u00f3ng. Lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft c\u1eafn nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t: m\u1ed9t c\u00fa c\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong trong v\u00f2ng 30 ph\u00fat. V\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 2.000 con r\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o (kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t con tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i v\u00e0i m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng), r\u1eafn h\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u1ee9c \u0103n r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con r\u1eafn n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa l\u1edbn tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o s\u0103n m\u1ed3i l\u00e0 chim v\u00e0 d\u01a1i. Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 r\u0103ng nanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd con m\u1ed3i l\u00e0 chim, v\u00e0 n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhanh h\u01a1n. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Brazil v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00f2 s\u00e1t coi lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nguy c\u1ea5p do ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, ch\u00ednh m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7: c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4 l\u1eadp h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Brazil c\u1ea5m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 du kh\u00e1ch?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Brazil tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb r\u1eafn c\u1eafn; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng sau khi b\u1ecb r\u1eafn c\u1eafn. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Brazil cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bcu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920. Ng\u00e0y nay, H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Brazil th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng r\u1eddi \u0111i, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Brazil kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1909, Brazil x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n S\u00e3o Paulo. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng thay phi\u00ean nhau tr\u1ef1c g\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m: vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eafn khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng b\u1ecb r\u1eafn qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn thay ca, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u00ea s\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do b\u1ecb r\u1eafn c\u1eafn. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00eam, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean danh ti\u1ebfng r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u1eafn c\u1eafn (m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng), v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00e2n ng\u00e3 ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u01b0\u1edbt. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb ma \u00e1m c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tin \u0111\u1ed3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o R\u1eafn r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i: ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1926 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea3o v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng ma qu\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec tai n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 (v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u1eafn c\u1eafn). C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ma \u00e1m d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eau d\u1ec7t th\u00eam trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y; nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00e0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p><cite>Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m, H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Brazil th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfm v\u00e0 b\u1eaft r\u1eafn h\u1ed5 mang \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn th\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3) ho\u1eb7c thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t y t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00f2 s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft gi\u1eef r\u1eafn trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft: t\u00e0u h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 an ninh, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t hi infrequent do s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1: c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf \u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn gi\u00fap th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a r\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cho v\u1ebft c\u1eafn c\u1ee7a r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kho L\u01b0u Tr\u1eef T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Vatican \u2014 53 D\u1eb7m B\u00ed M\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/travel-helper.b-cdn.net\/wp-media-folder-travel-s-helper\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Vatican-Secret-Archives.jpg\" alt=\"Vatican-B\u00ed m\u1eadt-L\u01b0u tr\u1eef\" title=\"Vatican-B\u00ed m\u1eadt-L\u01b0u tr\u1eef\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb \u201cb\u00ed m\u1eadt\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cT\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\u201d: T\u00ean g\u1ecdi mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Vatican t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \"Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt\", nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Latinh th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. <em>b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/em> Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"ri\u00eang t\u01b0\", ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00ed \u1ea9n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. N\u0103m 2019, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \"Kho L\u01b0u tr\u1eef T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\" \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef bao g\u1ed3m 85 ph\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng trong su\u1ed1t 12 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u2014 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Leo XIII m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1881, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn: kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch tham quan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Vatican, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \"b\u00ed m\u1eadt\" theo ngh\u0129a che gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ecfi h\u1eadu th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a Vatican v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i 85 km d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t Vatican. B\u00ean trong m\u00ea cung n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 35.000 t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3ng y, th\u01b0 t\u1eeb trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd vi\u1ebft tay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u01b0u gi\u1eef s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1870 (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u00e1c sau n\u0103m 1870, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 60 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, \u0111ang d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1). N\u0103m 2018, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 th\u01b0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 180 terabyte t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n sao qu\u00e9t \u2013 nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb k\u1ec7. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a Vatican m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01a1n xin h\u1ee7y h\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Henry VIII (1530):<\/strong> B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Vua Henry VIII g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Clement VII y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Catherine x\u1ee9 Aragon. Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n g\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Latinh, h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng trong quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed Galileo (1633):<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed t\u1ed9i d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Galileo Galilei, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ghi l\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf (t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh) vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Copernicus. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inter caetera (1493) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <em>Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c<\/em>Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chia T\u00e2n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u01b0 t\u1eeb trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua (\u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Henry VIII l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5). Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef bao g\u1ed3m th\u01b0 t\u1eeb trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 phong th\u00e1nh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 l\u1eddi khai g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phong th\u00e1nh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a Vatican, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Kho L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Vatican b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129) v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt). Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 m\u1eddi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean l\u1ecbch th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i b\u00e0n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Kh\u00e1ch tham quan ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 trong ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u theo s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u k\u1ec7 \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u1ee5p ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn: c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111eo g\u0103ng tay v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra sau n\u0103m 1958 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd khi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2020, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pius XII (1939\u20131958). C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Vatican. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n: \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2018, kho\u1ea3ng 180 terabyte t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 h\u1ee7y h\u00f4n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Vua Henry VIII (n\u0103m 1530) trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n Galileo v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II (1962\u201365) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cb\u00ed m\u1eadt\u201d t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An ninh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vatican, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi L\u00ednh g\u00e1c Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 v\u00e0 camera gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Kh\u00e1ch tham quan ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u00e1y d\u00f2 kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i \u0111eo g\u0103ng tay v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t: kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00ean trong Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Belvedere c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Vatican. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Vatican c\u00f3 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a an ninh cao, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t?<\/strong><br>A: M\u1ed7i danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u00eau b\u1eadt n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5m mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Hang Lascaux \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea3o Heard \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c, Ilha da Queimada Grande (\u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn) \u1edf Brazil v\u00e0 Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Vatican. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m \u0110\u1ea3o North Sentinel (n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i), c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Khu v\u1ef1c 51 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda Surtsey c\u1ee7a Iceland. M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c an ninh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho du kh\u00e1ch tham quan?<\/strong><br>A: L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n cao xung quanh khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u01a1n m\u00e0i) s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5m khai qu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111ang canh gi\u1eef l\u0103ng m\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Lascaux l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch?<\/strong><br>A: Hang Lascaux \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963 v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. H\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed carbon dioxide \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong hang v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh trong hang, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ni\u00eam phong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (Lascaux II v\u00e0 IV) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan \u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a Lascaux m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung hay l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br>A: Du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung g\u1ea7n T\u00e2y An, n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5t nung k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tour tham quan khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00fac ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o khu m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ea3o R\u1eafn l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0o?<\/strong><br>A: \u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eafn h\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Brazil (do H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n th\u1ef1c thi) c\u1ea5m du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Vatican?<\/strong><br>A: Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Kho L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Vatican. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i Rome, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb danh m\u1ee5c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (sau n\u0103m 1958) v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ecfi: B\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y g\u00ec khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y?<\/strong><br>A: Du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham quan b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, du kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u0103ng m\u1ed9. T\u1ea1i Lascaux, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea3o Heard ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qua v\u1ec7 tinh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u \u1edf xa. \u0110\u1ea3o R\u1eafn th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tham quan. Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Vatican c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ch. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef k\u00edn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a world full of well-known travel destinations, some incredible sites stay secret and unreachable to most people. For those who are adventurous enough to visit, these locations provide a singular and rare experience regardless of their dangerous character or holy relevance. From the mysterious tomb of China&#8217;s first emperor to the historic Lascaux Caves in France, these hidden treasures offer a window into the beauties of our planet few people have the chance to see. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,5],"tags":[31],"class_list":{"0":"post-1680","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tourist-destinations","8":"category-magazine","9":"tag-most-popular"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1680"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1680\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}