Mombasa ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng trong truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch \u2013 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ecd, thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 h\u01b0\u1edbng ra \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o bao quanh m\u1ed9t b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4, l\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e3i tri\u1ec1u, trong khi ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u. C\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 che ch\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Nyali, Shanzu, Bamburi v\u00e0 Diani, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u00f9a v\u00e0 c\u00e1 r\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u00e1n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t mong manh: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn san h\u00f4 b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n san h\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Phi, t\u1eeb Kenya \u0111\u1ebfn Tanzania v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa: C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n Mombasa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u01b0\u1eddn san h\u00f4 Acropora, Turbinaria v\u00e0 Porites r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00edm bi\u1ec3n, s\u1ee9a, c\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1 m\u00fa v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1 m\u1eadp r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4. Chim bi\u1ec3n bay v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u2013 chim choi choi cua, chim c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chim b\u00f3i c\u00e1 \u2013 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con l\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean b\u1edd, b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 Tudor Creek v\u00e0 Port Reitz Creek ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. C\u1ea3ng Kilindini, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e0o cho t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u00f4ng Phi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tr\u00e0n d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c con l\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng \u0111ang x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua \u201c\u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng qua x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean kia th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea3o Mombasa, nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n trong m\u00ea cung nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 san h\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a Mombasa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Jesus v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1590 - m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c - khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Oman \u0111\u00e3 cai tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u1eabn c\u00f2n: b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng dinh th\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kho thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, trong khi nh\u1eefng con h\u1ebbm ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 v\u1eabn che ch\u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u00e2n trong c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Swahili. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Swahili \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eeba thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1eeba c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 san h\u00f4 d\u00e0y, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 cao gi\u00fap ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc baraza (gh\u1ebf d\u00e0i) b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng hi\u00ean nh\u00e0 r\u00e2m m\u00e1t h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ph\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Mombasa t\u1eebng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 11.000 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n: Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Mandhry th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, "nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t Mombasa", l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 san h\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p nh\u1ecdn - m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng Phi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 "k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1". V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Anh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng (Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Holy Ghost) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m v\u00e0 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh di s\u1ea3n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Jain m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, v\u1edbi hoa v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha xung quanh. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Mombasa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Oman th\u1eddi V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Swahili th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Anh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh nhau - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Mombasa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ea1ch th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u. B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u1ea5p (Nyali, Shanzu, Bamburi) n\u1eb1m sau m\u1ed9t r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 ph\u00eda sau r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n: tr\u1ebb em c\u00e2u c\u00e1 \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00e3i tri\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e3i c\u00e1t l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t d\u00e0i tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Nam (C\u1ea7u Nyali) xu\u1ed1ng qua Diani; t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t, c\u00e1c l\u00f9m c\u00e2y phi lao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n d\u1ecdc theo c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y. R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 Su\u1ed1i Tudor h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng do b\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xung quanh Kilindini \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng: s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0n d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u \u0111i qua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng hecta r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf Su\u1ed1i Port Reitz v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i th\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4.<\/strong> C\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Mombasa n\u1eb1m trong \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n Mombasa, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c lo\u00e0i san h\u00f4 (san h\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 Acropora v\u00e0 Porites, v\u00e0 san h\u00f4 m\u1ec1m), c\u1ecf bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng khu v\u01b0\u1eddn d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c b\u00e3i san h\u00f4 ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 r\u1ea1n (c\u00e1 v\u1eb9t, c\u00e1 b\u01b0\u1edbm, c\u00e1 b\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1 b\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i napoleon k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c. R\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n xanh l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y (b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Mombasa l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Chelonia mydas). C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc "kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft" v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n tr\u1ed9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o, c\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u00f9a s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e3i san h\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1eafn, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1 b\u1eb9t, c\u00e1 \u0111u\u1ed1i gai \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 \u0111u\u1ed1i manta \u0111ang ki\u1ebfm \u0103n, v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c k\u00eanh s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, c\u00e1 m\u1eadp r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u1ed3ng tu\u1ea7n tra. C\u00e1c l\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00f4m. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u \u00fd, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n n\u00e0y \u201ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1, du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u201cb\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Kenya \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n san h\u00f4 b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn san h\u00f4 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Phi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n.<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Mombasa n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. Gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a (Kaskazi t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3, mang theo bi\u1ec3n l\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n) v\u00e0 m\u01b0a (th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6 m\u01b0a d\u00e0i, th\u00e1ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 m\u01b0a ng\u1eafn) \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh theo m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y. S\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 Kusi m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i c\u00e1t. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Nyali v\u00e0 Bamburi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0i cm m\u1ed7i n\u0103m khi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Qu\u1eadn Mombasa c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e3 "ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y... c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n" th\u00f4ng qua l\u0169 l\u1ee5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng quy m\u00f4 m\u1ea5t c\u00e1t - k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n l\u1edbn ph\u00eda sau b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n - \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp c\u00e1t t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u00eca r\u1eebng ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngay gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Mombasa, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 m\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t trong \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1498 (chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Vasco da Gama), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1593, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Jesus \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Phi. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i - g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n - v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng: "Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1593\u20131596, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16". Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: h\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 san h\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Swahili. Trong h\u01a1n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Oman, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn); \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bao v\u00e2y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, khu Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00ea cung b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng Swahili c\u1ee7a Mombasa. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng con h\u1ebbm h\u1eb9p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 ba t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 t\u1ebfch ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p h\u00ecnh r\u0103ng c\u01b0a v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1 kh\u00f4 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea9u th\u1ea5p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. M\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 v\u1eabn "k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i". Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 t\u1eebng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n do c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Shirazi v\u00e0 Oman x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Mandhry (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1570) l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o - m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p thon m\u1ea3nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Juma l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Jain v\u00e0 Hindu Gujarati \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 20, minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Derasar b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Roddgers (1916) n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Swahili b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 san h\u00f4, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 gi\u1eefa phong c\u00e1ch \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngay b\u00ean kia Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Mombasa thu\u1ed9c Anh. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Anh gi\u00e1o Holy Ghost (1903) tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng \u2013 t\u00f2a th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1p nh\u1ecdn c\u00f3 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u2013 v\u00ec Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Tucker kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00ean kia th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 \u1edf Tudor City k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ea1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. D\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a s\u0129 quan th\u1eddi Anh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Khamis (nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1370) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n t\u00edch \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Swahili s\u1edbm h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Mombasa ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Anh th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng d\u1eeba b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 mandazi v\u00e0 chapati, trong khi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m Oman c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee1 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 g\u1ea7n Ga xe l\u1eeda Mombasa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2n trang l\u1ea1i (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950) c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng l\u00e1i xe ng\u1eafn. B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng "v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i" c\u1ee7a Mombasa c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n Eid, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu th\u1eafp n\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jain v\u00e0o Diwali v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd vang v\u1ecdng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Trong su\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111inh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eadu kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbng bay ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c con h\u1ebbm, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Mombasa n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u1edf v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u1eeda gi\u1edd v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam l\u00e0 Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u1ed1c gia Shimba Hills, m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ven bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng 23.000 ha v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf kh\u1ea3m. Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ecd kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Kenya. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o g\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 "Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en". Nh\u1eefng con linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en n\u00e0y (nh\u1eefng con linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00f3 s\u1eebng cong) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u0103n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y; \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 20 con. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 150 con lang thang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Shimba, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi voi, tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng, linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm v\u00e0 kh\u1ec9 colobus. C\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoa d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ng\u1eafm chim \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u ng\u1ef1c xanh v\u00e0 chim turaco m\u00e1 tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua lo\u00e0i chim h\u1ecda mi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1m hi\u1ebfm. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng Kamba v\u00e0 Duruma b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, su\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3i Shimba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n voi Mwaluganje l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00ean phong v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. C\u00e1ch Mombasa kho\u1ea3ng 45 km (thu\u1ed9c Qu\u1eadn Kwale), khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1ed9ng 40 km\u00b2 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa voi di c\u01b0 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ed3i Shimba v\u00e0 Tsavo. Thay v\u00ec xua \u0111u\u1ed5i voi, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp. Ng\u00e0y nay, Mwaluganje \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn th\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn xem c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh voi, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n voi, nu\u00f4i ong d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y keo v\u00e0 b\u00e1n m\u1eadt ong. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 "m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e1c trong khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 hoang d\u00e3 - m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00fap c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i da d\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tu\u1ebf c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, trong khi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngay t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Mombasa l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Haller, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. N\u0103m 1983, m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Bamburi (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Mombasa) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang, b\u1ecb mu\u1ed1i nung v\u00e0 c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i. Nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc r\u1eebng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ren\u00e9 Haller v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty Xi m\u0103ng Bamburi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 xanh n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p (c\u00e2y neem, c\u00e2y g\u1ee5, c\u00e2y algaroba) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i, ti\u00eam vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00e2y non. Trong v\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Haller - m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m r\u1eebng, ao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u \u1edf \u0111\u00f3: h\u00e0 m\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 \u1edf trong ao, h\u01b0\u01a1u cao c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n trong khu r\u1eebng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n, linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00f2 v\u00e0 linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eebng ki\u1ebfm \u0103n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang c\u1ecf. Ng\u00e0y nay, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Haller l\u00e0 "m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, n\u01a1i t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t". Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa r\u00f9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ao c\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u01b0\u01a1u cao c\u1ed5 \u0103n. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty l\u1eef h\u00e0nh l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0 m\u00e3, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n, linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 r\u00f9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ven bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ch\u01a1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Mombasa \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 r\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1eafn) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u00e1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf c\u00e1c con l\u1ea1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Mombasa l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafng cay: nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i "nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p" v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u00fang. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 khoan c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n) v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00fai nilon \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1. C\u00e1c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb em v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111ang d\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Mombasa t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh. T\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee3 Marikiti \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac ph\u00eda sau Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5, c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u00fac 5 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1ng qu\u1ebf, ngh\u1ec7, \u1edbt v\u00e0 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thoang tho\u1ea3ng m\u00f9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 dagaa hun kh\u00f3i (c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eb7c kikoy v\u00e0 lesos \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e0 chua v\u00e0 d\u1eeba, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i x\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed7 matatus (xe bu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn Nairobi ho\u1eb7c Malindi. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Mombasa nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng xe tuk-tuk v\u00e0 matatus. Tuk-tuk (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bajaj) - lo\u1ea1i xe ba b\u00e1nh m\u00e0u cam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y - ch\u1ea1y qua c\u00e1c con h\u1ebbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 ven bi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 xe \u00f4m boda-boda len l\u1ecfi qua d\u00f2ng xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e0. Ph\u00e0 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Likoni (ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea3o Mombasa v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 ph\u00eda nam; m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ph\u00e0 ch\u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 6.000 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kinh ni\u00ean \u2013 \u201ct\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y \u2013 ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng Dongo Kundu m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Kwale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Trong th\u00e1ng Ramadan, c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e8n l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean v\u1ec9a h\u00e8. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Mombasa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Swahili, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p. V\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 xung quanh ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u1eafng tanh khi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa c\u0169ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 s\u00e1ng Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Christ (Anh gi\u00e1o) tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u00e2n l\u00e1t g\u1ea1ch n\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y neem. C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i thi\u00eang li\u00eang - \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ec1n Shree Jain ho\u1eb7c Gurumandir vang v\u1ecdng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c con h\u1ebbm l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 granit. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n khoan dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p khi l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Mombasa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. D\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n tandoori c\u1ee7a Ladha, biryanis c\u1ee7a Hajji Ali v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y shawarma n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nhau. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Mombasa cho th\u1ea5y "s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9... th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c m\u00f3n biryani, samosa v\u00e0 chapati c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfm th\u1eed viazi karai (khoai t\u00e2y chi\u00ean vi\u00ean v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t me) ho\u1eb7c mahamri (b\u00e1nh r\u00e1n t\u1ea9m gia v\u1ecb) t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ven s\u00f4ng Mama Ngina, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0103n nh\u1eb9 ng\u00f4 rang v\u00e0 d\u1eeba t\u01b0\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00f4, ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m tr\u00f4i qua. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m xi\u00ean mishkaki n\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0\u1edbp h\u1ea1t ti\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u1ecfi, ho\u1eb7c samaki wa kupaka - c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00e0 ri d\u1eeba kem v\u1edbi chanh. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u01a1m pilau v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kachumbari (s\u1ed1t c\u00e0 chua-h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y). Nh\u1eefng ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn ph\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n bar tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n nh\u00e2m nhi kitoo cha mvinyo (r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang gia v\u1ecb theo phong c\u00e1ch Mombasa) khi c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbu \u0111i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch xung quanh, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf: tr\u1ebb em m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c v\u0169ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong \u0111\u1ea9y xe \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng rang v\u00e0 viazi karai \u1edf m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1. Nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp nh\u01b0ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p - ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi Mombasa l\u00e0 "h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kando" trong ti\u1ebfng Swahili - c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Giao th\u00f4ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i chung xe hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t xe tuk-tuk, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc matatus ki\u1ec3u c\u0169 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng Nissan c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a v\u1eabn l\u0103n b\u00e1nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1ea7m \u1ea7m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ga SGR m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n (m\u1edf c\u1eeda n\u0103m 2017 t\u1ea1i Miritini) n\u1ed1i Mombasa v\u1edbi Nairobi. Du l\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ng sang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0 limousine t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng Mombasa \u0111\u1ebfn Malindi; nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 xe \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 xe k\u00e9o tay len l\u1ecfi gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng xe c\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c2m thanh v\u00e0 quang c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di s\u1ea3n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c taarab vang v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp; trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea1c hip-hop c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean Kenya h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c rap Swahili \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Swahili, xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Gujarati v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. M\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n b\u00e1o rao b\u00e1n c\u1ea3 t\u1edd Daily Nation v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. V\u00e0 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u thoang tho\u1ea3ng m\u00f9i gi\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi gia v\u1ecb v\u00e0 than c\u1ee7i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p gi\u00e1c quan - ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mombasa ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang \u1edf ng\u00e3 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u m\u1edbi x\u1ebfp d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi khi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n m\u1ecdc l\u00ean d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho du l\u1ecbch b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch: "du l\u1ecbch b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Qu\u1eadn Mombasa" v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba (Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n do Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn). C\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u1ed5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Kenya \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y thay v\u00ec tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t c\u0169. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra. G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Mombasa s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh qu\u1eadn cho bi\u1ebft 40% c\u01b0 d\u00e2n chen ch\u00fac trong c\u00e1c khu \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 5% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00fap l\u1ec1u trong khu ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sang tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i km. Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u0103ng cao c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ra kh\u1ecfi Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00ed h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm kho\u1ea3ng 17% Mombasa, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3ng Kilindini. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, C\u1ea3ng Mombasa - c\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kenya - b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u00e3i container ngay tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch lo ng\u1ea1i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i: nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o v\u00e0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kho. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y b\u01a1m tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea3ng \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ebfn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a r\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean ph\u00e0 Likoni l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Mombasa \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb \u0111ang h\u1ed3i sinh ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng Swahili \u2013 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc c\u1eeda v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfu \u1edf Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Kenya-Swahili (b\u00e1nh m\u00ec k\u1eb9p th\u1ecbt pilau, sinh t\u1ed1 d\u1eeba). C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trang tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u201cN\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xanh\u201d, l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch y t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t thanh song ng\u1eef Swahili-Anh v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng san h\u00f4 b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh do mu\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n sau l\u0169 l\u1ee5t. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean Mombasa \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Mombasa. M\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh Dongo Kundu s\u00e1u l\u00e0n xe m\u1edbi (s\u1eafp m\u1edf c\u1eeda) cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd n\u1ed1i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ph\u00eda nam m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e0, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn Tanzania d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111ang l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 xanh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean trong khu \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a - kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh ni\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng di s\u1ea3n - t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng san h\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Mombasa. \u201cNh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p,\u201d l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i: ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a Mombasa ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia t\u1eeb Zanzibar \u0111\u1ebfn Gujarat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 safari \u1edf Mombasa:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mombasa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u2013 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a safari v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng \u1ea5m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean: m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 quan sinh th\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Mombasa s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u2013 trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft m\u00f3ng vu\u1ed1t tr\u00ean v\u00e1n thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m, ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 m\u00fa l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m pha tr\u1ed9n gia v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n c\u01a1m th\u1eadp c\u1ea9m biryani t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Mombasa. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Kenya, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nhau nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng \u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1edd, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng quy\u1ebfn r\u0169.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf Kenya, Mombasa kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to l\u1edbn. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Swahili v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Fort Jesus, th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Diani v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Mombasa m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 khung c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1642","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-adventure-travel","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1642"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Di s\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf Mombasa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i: Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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