{"id":1261,"date":"2024-08-07T18:02:19","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T18:02:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=1261"},"modified":"2026-02-27T00:54:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T00:54:21","slug":"nhung-noi-bi-bo-hoang-tung-rat-soi-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/magazine\/unusual-places\/abandoned-places-that-were-once-very-lively\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t \u2013 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ga xe l\u1eeda tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eb1m im l\u00ecm, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ghi tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, th\u00e9p g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1t b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i. C\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung v\u1ec1 tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \"vi\u00ean nang th\u1eddi gian\" c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua. Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, t\u00e0n t\u00edch \"th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\" v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y \"s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt\" trong s\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t. Trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Ga Trung t\u00e2m Michigan (Detroit, Hoa K\u1ef3), Gunkanjima (\u0110\u1ea3o Hashima, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), Nara Dreamland (Nara, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n Maunsell (V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh) v\u00e0 Kolmanskop (Namibia), theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng n\u01a1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michigan Central Station: A Monument to Detroit’s Past and Future<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Michigan-Central-Station-Abandoned-places-that-were-ever-very-s\u1ed1ng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 ga Michigan Central danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Detroit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1913 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft theo phong c\u00e1ch Beaux-Arts ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng, do c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u00e0 ga Grand Central c\u1ee7a New York. Ngay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (l\u1ec5 khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea5p r\u00fat v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1913, sau m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n), n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, s\u1ea3nh ch\u1edd n\u0103m t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f3n kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, 200 chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00f9m c\u00f9ng tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n vinh v\u1ebb h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/em> C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Michigan Central, Warren & Wetmore v\u00e0 Reed & Stem, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ga Grand Central \u1edf New York, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mang c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y - bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 l\u00e1t g\u1ea1ch Guastavino cao 54 feet v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 cao v\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Detroit. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1988 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 ga Michigan Central \u2013 sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 ga tr\u1edf n\u00ean im l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Trong ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \"\u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t\". C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf, cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2018, C\u00f4ng ty Ford Motor \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p. Trong h\u01a1n s\u00e1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, Ford \u0111\u00e3 \"th\u1ed5i lu\u1ed3ng sinh kh\u00ed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Beaux-Arts tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p\". Bill Ford g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \"\u0110\u1ea3o Ellis\" c\u1ee7a Detroit, n\u01a1i \"nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng... l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn\", v\u00e0 th\u1ec1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2024, nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ga m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ea3nh b\u00e1n v\u00e9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp ki\u1ec3u h\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00eam qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung, thu\u1ed9c khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng 30 m\u1eabu Anh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ford.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan th\u00f4ng qua Detroit History Tours. C\u00e1c tour tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn (c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2n trang l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 ga. M\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf: C\u00e1c tour th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t nhanh; n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. S\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho kh\u00e1ch tham quan kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb 8 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 5 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki-\u1ed1t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eadu xe t\u1ea1i b\u00e3i \u0111\u1eadu xe c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7.<\/p>Th\u00f4ng tin d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1ch tham quan<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gunkanjima (\u0110\u1ea3o Hashima) \u2013 Chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Gunkanjima-Nh\u1eefng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nagasaki l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Hashima, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi... Gunkanjima<\/strong> (\u0110\u1ea3o Chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m), t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Than \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho thu\u00ea khai th\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1887. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Mitsubishi \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1890 (v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 y\u00ean) v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1907, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng cao v\u00fat bao quanh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea5n bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf \u2013 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \"Tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m \u0111ang l\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u00ean s\u00f3ng.\"<\/em> Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu chung c\u01b0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1916, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p cao h\u01a1n: \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1916, h\u01a1n 3.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 chen ch\u00fac tr\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, Hashima ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5: \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1959, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 5.259 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chen ch\u00fac tr\u00ean t\u1eebng m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u00e0 835 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i hecta (m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn). Tr\u1ebb em theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o; r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7m pachinko ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/em> C\u00e1c gi\u00e0n khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Hashima tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n; v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 410.000 t\u1ea5n n\u0103m 1941, n\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 12% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng than c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Mitsubishi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp ng\u0169 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930-1940; \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1.300 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. ch\u1ebft<\/strong> Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Hashima, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c tai n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, nhu c\u1ea7u than \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1974, Mitsubishi \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda m\u1ecf than, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 4, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1edf n\u00ean hoang v\u1eafng. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong th\u1eddi gian; gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn, th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n, khi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \"Con t\u00e0u ma\". Nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Hashima nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c bao ph\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 khung b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, Hashima l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi danh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a tham v\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. Tham quan Hashima:<\/strong> Du kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan Hashima b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng Nagasaki. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd gi\u1ea5y mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tham gia m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u1eafn. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m c\u00f4ng ty) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n du l\u1ecbch c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u2013 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 100 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n l\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1c tour kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y (l\u00fac 9:00 v\u00e0 13:00) t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y m\u1eb7c \u1ea5m (tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00f3) v\u00e0 \u0111i c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. Ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed nh\u1ecf \"b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3o\" (\u00a5310) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t \u2013 nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phim nh\u01b0 Skyfall c\u1ee7a James Bond \u2013 nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c leo tr\u00e8o l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u1edf l\u1ea1i qua \u0111\u00eam ho\u1eb7c tham quan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nara Dreamland \u2013 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Nara-Dreamland-Nh\u1eefng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nara Dreamland b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961 nh\u01b0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Disneyland c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1ch h\u00f3a Daiei, khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1961 v\u1edbi l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, b\u1ea3n sao Main Street USA, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai ki\u1ec3u Matterhorn, t\u00e0u monorail v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i theo phong c\u00e1ch Disneyland. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y thu h\u00fat kho\u1ea3ng 1,6 tri\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ma thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u201d. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Dreamland m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 90, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp. Tokyo Disneyland (1983) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Universal Studios Japan (2001) \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan Nara Dreamland gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n; xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 400.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1ecf b\u00ea \u2013 c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2006<\/strong>Sau 45 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c, Dreamland ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay m\u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m im nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, n\u01a1i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (\"haikyo\"). C\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y b\u00e1n v\u00e9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n \u2013 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n t\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra. Du kh\u00e1ch cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng chim h\u00f3t t\u1eeb xa. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2016, khu \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2017... T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng.<\/strong>Ng\u00e0y nay, Dreamland \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 video c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean t\u1eebng s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Nara Dreamland kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa \u2013 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong s\u1ebd b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y xem nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch; vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u01b0 d\u00e2n Nara l\u00e2u n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 Dreamland v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>H\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m ngay h\u00f4m nay!<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n Maunsell \u2013 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh canh g\u00e1c s\u00f4ng Thames<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Maunsell-Forts-Nh\u1eefng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n Maunsell l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u00fang. Guy Maunsell<\/strong> H\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hai d\u00e3y th\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1942 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1943, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p s\u1eb5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Thames v\u00e0 Mersey. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n<\/strong> (\u1edf s\u00f4ng Thames g\u1ea7n Harwich) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i<\/strong> (m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m \u1edf s\u00f4ng Thames v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1edf s\u00f4ng Mersey c\u1ee7a Liverpool) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m th\u00e1p b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u2013 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi s\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7t s\u00fang, radar v\u00e0 khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u2013 \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o thu nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng b\u1eafn h\u1ea1 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c t\u00e0u r\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i b\u1ecb ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf hoang. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i (Knock John) s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 sau m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m n\u0103m 1953; nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Sunk Head v\u00e0 Rough Sands th\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u00e1n \u0111i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960-1970, nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p hoang v\u1eafng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 hai k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh l\u1eadu (nh\u01b0 Radio Essex) \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t tr\u00ean Rough Sands v\u00e0 Knock John \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t nh\u1ea1c pop \u0111\u1ebfn London. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m theo lu\u1eadt n\u0103m 1967, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Maunsell ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch hoang ph\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e1p canh \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng: hai ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a L\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n (Knock John v\u00e0 Sunk Head) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n (nh\u01b0 Rough Sands, nay l\u00e0 Sealand) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00e1m tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \"b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang\". C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u1eeb xa b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c kayak, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/em> Th\u00e1p Roughs nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \"C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Sealand\" v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn treo c\u1edd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Anh, m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u0169 k\u1ef9 - \u0111ang d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tan ra bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0o m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang tham quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c tour du thuy\u1ec1n ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh d\u1ecdc s\u00f4ng Thames th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111i ngang qua khu v\u1ef1c B\u00e3i c\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecf v\u00e0 Knock John. V\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m di s\u1ea3n \u1edf Anh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i.<\/p>H\u00e3y gh\u00e9 th\u0103m ngay h\u00f4m nay!<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kolmanskop \u2013 Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ma kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Namibia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Kolmanskop-Nh\u1eefng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam Namibia c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kolmanskop (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cKolmanskuppe\u201d), m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong c\u00e1t. N\u0103m 1908, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Zacharias Lewala<\/strong>Trong l\u00fac x\u00fac s\u1ecfi, \u00f4ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 cho August Stauch, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o cho c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Namibia. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, Kolmanskop \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p X-quang v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong khu v\u1ef1c. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Kolmanskop s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 1 tri\u1ec7u carat kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u2013 chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 11% ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng khi\u00eau v\u0169, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, m\u1ed9t \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eadn may \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Oranjemund v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m. C\u00f4ng ty con c\u1ee7a De Beers t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf hoang Kolmanskop. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean hoang v\u1eafng; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1956 M\u1ecdi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng tanh.<\/strong>C\u00e1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p. \u00c1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c khe c\u1eeda xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00f9m b\u1ecb v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, Kolmanskop l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi Namdeb (m\u1ed9t li\u00ean doanh gi\u1eefa De Beers v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Namibia) \u2013 thu h\u00fat kho\u1ea3ng 35.000 du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Tham quan Kolmanskop:<\/strong> N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cSperrgebiet\u201d c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Namibia, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1eeb L\u00fcderitz: nhi\u1ec1u tour tham quan kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 9:30 v\u00e0 11:00) v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 1-1,5 gi\u1edd. V\u00e9 tham quan c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y (c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 6 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 7 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i) c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 180 N$ (kho\u1ea3ng 10 USD); c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n). N\u00ean tham gia c\u00e1c tour c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean (b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ban mai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p (\u00e1nh n\u1eafng chi\u1ebfu xi\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng). H\u00e3y v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng khi\u00eau v\u0169 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u2013 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111i tr\u00ean l\u1ed1i \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng leo tr\u00e8o l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c tour tham quan, qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u \"Ghost Town Tavern\" g\u1ea7n l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf.<\/p>M\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh: C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ecf hoang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n ra. c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong> Hai trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf (than Hashima, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng Kolmanskop) \u0111\u00e3 suy t\u00e0n khi ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ecf gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nara Dreamland \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi Disney v\u00e0 Universal xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n; s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 do kinh t\u1ebf. Michigan Central v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a... c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/strong>S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u1edf Detroit \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Maunsell tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh trong b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>M\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\/d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>N\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n suy gi\u1ea3m<\/td>B\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i<\/td>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
Ga trung t\u00e2m Michigan<\/td>Kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch\/ng\u00e0y (nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940)<\/td>1913\u20131988<\/td>S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4\/h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng; s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Detroit<\/td>1988\u20132018<\/td>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c (m\u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 2024)<\/td><\/tr>
Hashima (Gunkanjima)<\/td>5.259 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (n\u0103m 1959)<\/td>1887\u20131974<\/td>D\u1ea7u m\u1ecf thay th\u1ebf than \u0111\u00e1; m\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.<\/td>1974\u2013nay<\/td>Di s\u1ea3n UNESCO; c\u00e1c tour tham quan (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2009)<\/td><\/tr>
Nara Dreamland<\/td>1,6 tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1ch\/n\u0103m (th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980)<\/td>1961\u20132006<\/td>Cu\u1ed9c thi (Tokyo Disneyland\/USJ)<\/td>2006\u20132016<\/td>\u0110\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (2016\u201317)<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n Maunsell<\/td>T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 700 binh s\u0129 (Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II)<\/td>Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1942\u20131950<\/td>Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai k\u1ebft th\u00fac; c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/td>T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/td>Nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch hoang ph\u1ebf (m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Sealand)<\/td><\/tr>
Kolmanskop, Namibia<\/td>Kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920)<\/td>1908\u20131956<\/td>M\u1ecf kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t; c\u00e1c m\u1ecf gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/td>1956\u2013nay<\/td>C\u00e1c tour tham quan th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ma (c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/strong> Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \"cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 hai\". Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 ga (\u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh; Hashima v\u00e0 Kolmanskop ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch; c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Nara \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y; c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Maunsell \u0111ang xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n<\/strong> \u2013 L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u1edf Hashima), hay bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ebf t\u00edch th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng (di s\u1ea3n khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u1edf Kolmanskop) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111an xen ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eebng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o: m\u1ed7i vinh quang \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong th\u1eddi gian, th\u00f4i th\u00fac suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n tham quan c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/td>Lo\u1ea1i truy c\u1eadp<\/td>C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p\/th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh.<\/td>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
Ga trung t\u00e2m Michigan<\/td>Detroit, Hoa K\u1ef3<\/td>C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (\u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb)<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (gi\u1edd m\u1edf c\u1eeda b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng)<\/td>Cu\u1ed1i xu\u00e2n\/\u0111\u1ea7u thu (th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u00f4n h\u00f2a)<\/td><\/tr>
Hashima (\u0110\u1ea3o Chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m)<\/td>Nagasaki, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/td>Ch\u1ec9 tham quan b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n<\/td>\u0110\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 + mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch); ph\u00ed c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn 310 y\u00ean<\/td>Th\u00e1ng 4\u2013th\u00e1ng 11 (bi\u1ec3n l\u1eb7ng)<\/td><\/tr>
Nara Dreamland<\/td>Nara, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp<\/strong> (\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y)<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Maunsell<\/td>Thames\/Mersey, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh<\/td>Tham quan b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n (kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn)<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec (quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1edd\/thuy\u1ec1n)<\/td>M\u00f9a h\u00e8 (bi\u1ec3n l\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n)<\/td><\/tr>
Kolmanskop<\/td>Luderitz, Namibia<\/td>Tour c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean (v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c)<\/td>Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh + \u0111\u1eb7t tour<\/td>S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ecbu nh\u1eb9)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Ga Michigan Central:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 ga cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tour tham quan mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u1edf t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t (kho\u1ea3ng 90 ph\u00fat). Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/em> S\u1ea3nh m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb 8 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 5 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u. \"Detroit History Tours\" t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tour tham quan theo nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf qua n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng. N\u00ean \u0111\u1eadu xe t\u1ea1i Bagley Hub m\u1edbi (5 \u0111\u00f4 la). H\u00e3y mang gi\u00e0y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan c\u00e1c s\u1ea3nh; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ea3o Hashima:<\/strong> C\u00e1c tour kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Nagasaki h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (9 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 1 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng... kh\u00f4ng<\/em> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n. Ch\u1ec9 tham quan \u0111\u1ea3o khi c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p (do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch c\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb say s\u00f3ng \u2013 h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea3o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch n\u00fai non; h\u00e3y mang gi\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. M\u1eb9o hay:<\/em> T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 95%. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Maunsell:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m kh\u00e1 xa b\u1edd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea thuy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \"tour tham quan ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i\" (ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, C\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ee9 London<\/em> Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f9a t\u1eeb Essex, di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/em> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p neo \u0111\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u00e3y m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u1ea5m (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3) v\u00e0 mang theo \u1ed1ng nh\u00f2m \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, Rough Sands, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a vi qu\u1ed1c gia Sealand (kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho du kh\u00e1ch), nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00e0n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Sealand t\u1eeb xa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kolmanskop:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 v\u00e0o tham quan, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p (v\u00e9 tham quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n) v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khai th\u00e1c kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c tour kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb L\u00fcderitz nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong ng\u00e0y. Tour ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (180 N$, kho\u1ea3ng 10$) k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 8 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u; gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh (400 N$) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o tham quan l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh\/ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia:<\/em> Nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng b\u00ean trong ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n c\u00e1t m\u00e0u cam d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng ban mai; c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n. H\u00e3y thoa kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 di t\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • M\u1eb9o chung:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. Tr\u00e1nh leo tr\u00e8o, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y \u0111i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) v\u1eeba cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di t\u00edch. H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u1edf Hashima v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh g\u00f3c r\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y (\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng) s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch b\u00ean trong. Mang theo n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec7n nghi (Kolmanskop kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3). Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft theo m\u00f9a: nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch (c\u00e1c tour c\u1ee7a Maunsell, Hashima) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft y\u00ean t\u0129nh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 gi\u1edd m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda (nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch c\u00f3 m\u00f9a tham quan h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tour c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang?<\/strong>
    A: Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf hoang th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m: c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c m\u1ecf c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t), thay \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong> (c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i), s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong> (nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 thay th\u1ebf t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa), ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>Khi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ga Michigan Central l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang?<\/strong>
    A: V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch suy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II khi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Detroit ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1988, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c Michigan Central kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 thi n\u1eefa. Chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1eddi ga v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1988. Nh\u00e0 ga b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang trong 30 n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ford mua l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecfi: \u0110\u1ea3o Hashima (Gunkanjima) b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang khi n\u00e0o?<\/strong>
    A: Mitsubishi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda m\u1ecf v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1974 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 t\u00e1n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1974. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eebng nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp nay \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao Hashima \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m?<\/strong>
    A: N\u0103m 1907, Mitsubishi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 xung quanh h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb xa, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p m\u00e0u x\u00e1m \u0111ang n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Gunkanjima<\/em>Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \"\u0110\u1ea3o Chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m\", v\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Bi\u1ec7t danh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea9m nang du l\u1ecbch ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecfi: H\u00f4m nay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Hashima (Gunkanjima) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>
    A: C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tham gia m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb Nagasaki v\u00e0 k\u00fd th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n (kho\u1ea3ng 100 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda nh\u1ecf (\u00a5310) \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u2013 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Maunsell \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II?<\/strong>
    A: Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m radar v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 London v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1942\u201343, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u00fang v\u00e0 khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf cho k\u00edp l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1eafn h\u1ea1 m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Thames v\u00e0 Mersey. Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, vai tr\u00f2 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao Nara Dreamland \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda?<\/strong>
    A: C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Nara Dreamland \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Disneyland, nh\u01b0ng khi Tokyo Disneyland (1983) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 cao. V\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan h\u00e0ng n\u0103m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh (xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 400.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006), c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2006. N\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016\u20132017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao Kolmanskop b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang?<\/strong>
    A: N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Kolmanskop ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Oranjemund v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950, C\u00f4ng ty Khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf Kimberley Central ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1956, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. Sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bao ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111au l\u00f2ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 tham v\u1ecdng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, bi k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf hoang. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-unusual-places","category-magazine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1261"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1261\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}