Nauru, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nauru, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang n\u1eb1m \u1edf Micronesia, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Trung Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Pleasant, Nauru l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Banaba c\u1ee7a Kiribati, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 300 km (190 d\u1eb7m) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, Nauru n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Tuvalu, c\u00e1ch Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Solomon 1.300 km (810 d\u1eb7m) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng-\u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Papua New Guinea, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam Li\u00ean bang Micronesia v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Marshall.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 21 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (8,1 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng), Nauru gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n Vatican v\u00e0 Monaco. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Nauru tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia theo di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, Nauru l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 10.800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u Phi, Caribe v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nauru \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nauru c\u00f3 t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1000 TCN khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Micronesia \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nauru tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1ee7y tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean, do \u00dac, New Zealand v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Nauru, v\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, Nauru \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968.<\/p>\n
Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Nauru v\u1edbi \u00dac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Trung t\u00e2m X\u1eed l\u00fd Khu v\u1ef1c Nauru, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf giam gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i c\u1ee7a \u00dac. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Nauru l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u00dac do ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00dac.<\/p>\n
N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nauru trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 phosphate gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean. Trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, khai th\u00e1c phosphate l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Nauru, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy tho\u00e1i sinh th\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phosphate \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ecf c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Nauru ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi "l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean", khi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c phosphate, Nauru \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn th\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phosphate c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn th\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n kinh t\u1ebf. Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp, Nauru \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, Nauru ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nauru l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Khi Nauru ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nauru, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nauru, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang n\u1eb1m \u1edf Micronesia, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Trung Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Pleasant, Nauru l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Banaba c\u1ee7a Kiribati, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 300 km (190 d\u1eb7m) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, Nauru n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Tuvalu, c\u00e1ch Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Solomon 1.300 km (810 d\u1eb7m) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng-\u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Papua New Guinea, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam Li\u00ean bang Micronesia v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Marshall.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3089,"parent":24105,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9598","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9598"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9598\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}