Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Matanzas, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 163.631 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng 317 km vu\u00f4ng, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Cuba, n\u00e9p m\u00ecnh d\u1ecdc theo v\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a V\u1ecbnh Matanzas. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch Havana 102 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch khu ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Varadero 32 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed3m ba con s\u00f4ng\u2014Yumur\u00ed, San Juan v\u00e0 Can\u00edmar\u2014ch\u1ea3y qua k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafc qua b\u1edfi m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7t danh \u201cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u\u201d (Ciudad de los Puentes). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian Afro-Cuba v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn may \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Matanzas.<\/p>\n
Khi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1693, khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 mang t\u00ean San Carlos y San Severino de Matanzas, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh ho\u00e0ng gia ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1690 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea3o Canary tr\u00ean v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng trang tr\u1ea1i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0u ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n khi khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 d\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xung quanh b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh l\u00f5m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng xuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, Matanzas \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Anh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf thung l\u0169ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 Yumur\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1792, g\u1ea7n 1.900 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u2014kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00eda v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111un s\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1817, con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 10.773, chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1841, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfm 62,7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Matanzas, m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 104.519 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1859. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u - kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u Escalera b\u1ecb v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1843 - nh\u1eefng r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n \u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 roi da v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Matanzas, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Yoruba v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Santer\u00eda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u vang d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng rumba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u trang nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a danz\u00f3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u1ede ch\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 \u0111an xen nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i; \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, Matanzas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 "La Atenas de Cuba", Athens c\u1ee7a Cuba, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi Havana.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Matanzas g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ecbnh c\u1eaft s\u00e2u v\u00e0o s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, bao b\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf ba ph\u00eda; Rio Yumur\u00ed, ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, chia \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Pan de Matanzas. M\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai ven bi\u1ec3n ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong khi c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng San Juan v\u00e0 Can\u00edmar l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1ed1i v\u1ecbnh \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc qua nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y n\u00e0y, g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Venice\u2014m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7t danh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn cho Matanzas\u2014nh\u01b0ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Cuba mang l\u1ea1i cho quang c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n khu ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh\u2014Versalles, Matanzas proper, Playa v\u00e0 Pueblo Nuevo\u2014m\u1ed7i khu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c barrio mang t\u00ean nh\u01b0 Bachicha, Bail\u00e9n, Bellamar, Col\u00f3n v\u00e0 San Severino, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c. B\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1: l\u00f5i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, c\u00e1c khu m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n. \u1ede Versalles c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ga ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n Hershey n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 t\u1eebng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Havana. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00ednh n\u1ed1i Matanzas v\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Havana qua Santiago de Cuba.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111i m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng S\u00e2n bay Juan Gualberto G\u00f3mez, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean xe bu\u00fdt ho\u1eb7c taxi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, xe kh\u00e1ch Viazul v\u00e0 Astro ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c, trong khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi taxi v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea1y qua c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1. Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eebng \u1ea7m \u1ea7m ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1916 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ferrocarril El\u00e9ctrico de Matanzas v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Via Blanca, \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Havana v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi b\u00e3i c\u00e1t Varadero, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Cuba.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi 520 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, Matanzas c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian xanh: qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e2m m\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2022 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 163.631 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: Coliseo de Bellas Artes t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m, trong khi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt duy tr\u00ec danh ti\u1ebfng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft theo phong c\u00e1ch baroque, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1t v\u1eefa c\u0169 k\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bh\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u1eafng v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a Matanzas h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh T\u00e2y Ban Nha-M\u1ef9 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean v\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1898, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i gi\u1edd sau khi giao tranh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1o k\u00edch v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Cuba. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00f3i b\u1ed1c l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1o th\u1ea5p khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1n ph\u00e1o ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh l\u0169y x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c giao tranh ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha kh\u1ecfi b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp theo, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Cuba; tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf Matanzas, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1o k\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Matanceros. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Hershey\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Milton S. Hershey, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Cuba\u2014ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ray cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho c\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c \u0103ng-ten truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh m\u1ecdc l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh ph\u00e1t tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c bolero, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh b\u00ecnh minh nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean v\u1ecbnh; c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc danz\u00f3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m say m\u00ea kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1870.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Matanzas v\u1eabn g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n Afro-Cuba c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 casas de rumba m\u1edd t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ca s\u0129 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u1eeb Lucum\u00ed (ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Santer\u00eda) v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ca T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng hoa qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Och\u00fan ho\u1eb7c Chang\u00f3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t nghi l\u1ec5 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1; n\u00f3 vang v\u1ecdng \u1edf m\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong m\u1ecdi con k\u00eanh b\u1eafc qua c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c di d\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n khai sinh c\u1ee7a Danza v\u00e0 Rumba, nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a Cuba. Danza, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u syncopation c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c salon c\u1ee7a Matanzas tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Havana. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Rumba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho salsa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba g\u1ed1c Phi. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, t\u1ea1i Havana g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, D\u00e1maso P\u00e9rez Prado\u2014c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Matanzas\u2014s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t mambo, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ea1c big band c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c s\u00e0n nh\u1ea3y \u1edf Mexico City, New York v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Du kh\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ebfn Matanzas t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Varadero, t\u00f2 m\u00f2 mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Cuba \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c b\u00ean kia c\u1ed5ng khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 Santer\u00eda ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea3y rumba \u1edf Barrio Simpson. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a ban c\u00f4ng s\u1eaft r\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u ph\u1ea5n nh\u1ea1t bong tr\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t dinh th\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111i qua m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 th\u1ea3 c\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng xo\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n. Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng conga v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng r\u00ec r\u00e0o nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00f2n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Matanzas kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hay nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o l\u00e0 "Venice c\u1ee7a Cuba", m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 giao thoa: c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3o Canary \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng; m\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh minh tr\u00ean V\u1ecbnh Matanzas \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Matanzas, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cAthens c\u1ee7a Cuba\u201d, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Cuba. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ca, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Afro-Cuba, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh Matanzas. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean V\u1ecbnh Matanzas khi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch Havana kho\u1ea3ng 90 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Varadero 32 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Cuba.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4231,"parent":9209,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9225","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9225"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9225\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9209"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}