Cuba t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n Caribe, V\u1ecbnh Mexico v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 110.000 km vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 1.200 km t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh Sierra Maestra \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi Pico Turquino cao g\u1ea7n hai ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t. Havana, tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u1eadp r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Caribe v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Yucat\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Mexico, ph\u00eda nam Florida v\u00e0 Bahamas, ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Hispaniola v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Jamaica, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Cuba mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7\u2014\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Guanahatabey v\u00e0 Ta\u00edno, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u2014v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai m\u1edd.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ta\u00edno v\u00e0 Guanahatabey ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn, Cuba \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111an xen s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 xuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1886. Chi\u1ebfn tranh T\u00e2y Ban Nha-M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1898 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Iberia, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1902. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y vang v\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan; m\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1940 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Fulgencio Batista.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Batista \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Cuba, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1959 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Fidel Castro l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Castro, Cuba li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 - kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, theo th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u1eadt. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Cuba tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda n\u0103m 1962, khi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, Havana \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft - qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng - v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Marxist m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khan hi\u1ebfm nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 n\u0103m 1991 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn "Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t" c\u1ee7a Cuba, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, suy tho\u00e1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a doanh thu, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed - n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng - v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kinh ni\u00ean, l\u01b0\u01a1ng y th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c men kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2008, sau g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cai tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Fidel Castro \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch cho em trai m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Ra\u00fal; v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, Ra\u00fal l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t trao l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho Miguel D\u00edaz-Canel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 B\u00ed th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Cuba t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y k\u00eanh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o; s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n x\u1ebfp h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Cuba l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a: \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 khi\u00eau v\u0169 Afro-Cuba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf m\u1ecdi khu ph\u1ed1; c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, v\u0169 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch x\u00f3a m\u00f9 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd theo phong c\u00e1ch baroque c\u1ee7a Havana\u2014Bas\u00edlica de San Francisco v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh Castillo del Pr\u00edncipe\u2014n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 Habana Libre. Do \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa phong c\u00e1ch baroque thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, trong khi nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00e9p m\u1edbi g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a ch\u00ed tuy\u1ebfn B\u1eafc, Cuba \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, gi\u00f3 m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu \u0111i c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Caribe mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh m\u1ee9c 21 \u00b0C; \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 27 \u00b0C. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a kh\u00f4\u2014t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4\u2014v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10, khi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Th\u00e1ng 9 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a b\u00e3o, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a B\u00e3o Irma v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2017: s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 260 km\/h \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9 to\u1ea1c Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Camag\u00fcey, c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ecdc theo ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1 t\u00e1n tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Havana trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, t\u1eeb Varadero \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e3 mang nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cam k\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00f9a cao \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u - m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9ng minh cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch - nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. An ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 tim m\u1ea1ch, h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 vi-r\u00fat trong d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u00e3o d\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n
N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Cuba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc: h\u01a1n ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng peso Cuba th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 2.100 peso (kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9), v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n 4.000 peso (kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la). Doanh thu du l\u1ecbch, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Cuba \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i - m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t vi ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n
\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Cuba ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Iberia v\u00e0 Carib\u00ea: th\u1ecbt c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u1ecfi, th\u00eca l\u00e0 Ai C\u1eadp, oregano v\u00e0 l\u00e1 nguy\u1ec7t qu\u1ebf n\u1ea5u ch\u1eadm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1t; \u0111\u1eadu \u0111en v\u00e0 g\u1ea1o\u2014moros y cristianos\u2014\u0103n k\u00e8m chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1i; ropa vieja, th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 x\u00e9 nh\u1ecf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t c\u00e0 chua, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khan hi\u1ebfm th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi s\u1ed5 kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng do c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh khan hi\u1ebfm\u2014\u1ed5i, xo\u00e0i v\u00e0 guan\u00e1bana \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc ly m\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch nh\u00e2m nhi d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o Malec\u00f3n ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
B\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a Havana. \u1ede Thung l\u0169ng Vi\u00f1ales, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng mogotes \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i; nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo ki\u1ec3u b\u00e0n c\u1edd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999. Nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Sierra Maestra, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n d\u00e0nh cho du k\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai gan d\u1ea1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hoang s\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Con L\u1ee3n - tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1961 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1eb7n - v\u00e0 \u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Jardines de la Reina, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u \u200b\u200bch\u00ecm trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u00f9a mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n
L\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp\u2014nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c du l\u1ecbch\u201d\u2014v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c casas particulares, n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n do gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u00e2n trong ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. \u1ede c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1ec9nh l\u1ebb, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, trong khi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n khi\u00eau v\u0169 Afro-Cuba theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby c\u1ee7a Tropicana l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950\u2014ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n, trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u00e0 k\u00e8n trumpet s\u1ed1ng\u2014g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean khi nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Havana d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n l\u00e1 c\u1ecd \u0111ung \u0111\u01b0a.<\/p>\n
\u0110i d\u1ea1o tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1 Havana l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Havana l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho tham v\u1ecdng baroque v\u00e0 t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba; g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, Focsa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 kh\u00e1c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7; giai \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a son v\u00e0 rumba lan t\u1ecfa qua nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u vang v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean b\u01b0u thi\u1ebfp. \u1ede v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho th\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n kinh doanh ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm. \u1ede c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c reggae v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c rap c\u1ee7a Cuba, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c m\u1edbi tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea1i Playa Para\u00edso v\u00e0 Saturno Cave, v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, trong khi Zapata Swamp v\u00e0 El Nicho Waterfalls m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc\u2014nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n hi\u1ebfm khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
K\u00ednh v\u1ea1n hoa ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Cuba\u2014ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng\u2014l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 v\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c: c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 thao do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n ba l\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111a di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 x\u00f3a m\u00f9 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb9p ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u1eeba gian kh\u1ed5 dai d\u1eb3ng. G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Cuba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng. Trong m\u1ed7i thung l\u0169ng, malec\u00f3n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, trong m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u: \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Vi\u00f1ales l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh; s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Che Guevara; s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u rumba trong khu ph\u1ed1; s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Sierra Maestra ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft - s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau t\u1ea5m b\u01b0u thi\u1ebfp. Cuba kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngay t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn, l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 10 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Cuba\u2014t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Cuba\u2014l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf Caribe. N\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u1ecbnh Mexico v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n Caribe, Cuba l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Caribe t\u00ednh theo di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 4.195. \u0110\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Cuba l\u00e0 Isla de la Juventud. Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Yucat\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Mexico, ph\u00eda nam Florida v\u00e0 Bahamas, ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Hispaniola, bao g\u1ed3m Haiti v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica, v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Jamaica v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Cayman, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Cuba c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 Havana, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4949,"parent":24084,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9209","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9209\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4949"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}