El Salvador, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a El Salvador, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9 gi\u1eefa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 13\u00b0 v\u00e0 15\u00b0 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 87\u00b0 v\u00e0 91\u00b0 T\u00e2y, bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 21.041 km\u00b2 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2024 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc b\u1edfi Guatemala, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc b\u1edfi Honduras v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam b\u1edfi Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn l\u00e0 "Tom Thumb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9" - \u200b\u200bc\u00f3 San Salvador l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a El Salvador tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1eeda, b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ea3m nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111an xen nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
L\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u r\u1ebd s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Mesoamerican k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Olmec v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ban \u0111\u1ea7u, trong khi c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Maya sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuzcatlec n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Pipil-Nahuatl chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong khu v\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y Ban Nha x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Guatemala, \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n
Quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft tinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1609 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Captaincy General of Guatemala, theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a El Salvador \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eeb Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Mexico nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e2y ca cao, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba do gi\u1edbi tinh hoa th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n tr\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi Chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Mexico v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1821, El Salvador \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Mexico \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Li\u00ean bang Trung M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1823. V\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi li\u00ean bang gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1841; m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Trung M\u1ef9 L\u1edbn h\u01a1n (1896\u20131898) s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng minh khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng chia r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea - \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thu nh\u1eadp ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c - trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Salvador (1979\u20131992). Cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 do Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c du k\u00edch c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3; theo k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Chapultepec, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Trong v\u00e0 sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Salvador \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. Col\u00f3n\u2014\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a El Salvador k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1892\u2014\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4 la Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so s\u00e1nh n\u0103m 2021 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u00edt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh vi trong kinh doanh, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c dai d\u1eb3ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, El Salvador c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00fai l\u1eeda. N\u1eb1m tr\u00ean V\u00e0nh \u0111ai l\u1eeda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ecdn v\u1eabn \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ilamatepec (N\u00fai l\u1eeda Santa Anna) cao t\u1edbi 2.384 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, trong khi Chaparrastique (N\u00fai l\u1eeda San Miguel) c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t phun tr\u00e0o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai song song n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t cao nguy\u00ean trung t\u00e2m, s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi h\u01a1n ba tr\u0103m con s\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi Rio Lempa l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng cao n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda nh\u01b0 Ilopango v\u00e0 Coatepeque, t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o d\u1eef d\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n duy tr\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Cerr\u00f3n Grande h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf: m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, invierno, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10 mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1edbi hai ngh\u00ecn milim\u00e9t m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m cho c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3, trong khi m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, verano, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i bay \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m do lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 xuy\u00ean Honduras. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch: v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 25 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 29 \u00b0C; trung t\u00e2m cao nguy\u00ean trung t\u00e2m g\u1ea7n 23 \u00b0C; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao cao h\u01a1n gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef s\u1ed1. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n San Salvador ghi nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 6 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 38 \u00b0C, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y tr\u0103m m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n
Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 2,97 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 - m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP - v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019. C\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 El Tunco, El Sunzal v\u00e0 La Costa del Sol thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng th\u00edch nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng; nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda leo l\u00ean Santa Ana v\u00e0 Izalco th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 Joya de Cer\u00e9n - th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 Pompeii c\u1ee7a Trung M\u1ef9 - v\u00e0 Tazumal m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ban Nha. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1eeb Suchitoto v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn quang c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a Apaneca, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh di s\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac trong khi cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ed1c du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i R\u1eebng m\u00e2y Montecristo, Bosque El Imposible v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2m \u0111\u1ea3o - Olomega, Meanguera, Conchagua - n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n chim ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng v\u1eadn may l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2015 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Carolina \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i El Salvador v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng tai \u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID\u201119, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n El Salvador - b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh - v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2020, c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn gi\u01b0\u1eddng ICU, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 X quang v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00e1u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi 75 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Monse\u00f1or \u00d3scar Arnulfo Romero, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng n\u00e0y, du kh\u00e1ch l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pipil b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. S\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn El Salvador tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ngay c\u1ea3 khi San Salvador t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 2,1 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1eeb Francisco Gavidia \u0111\u1ebfn Roque Dalton, t\u1eeb Claudia Lars \u0111\u1ebfn Manlio Argueta, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 nh\u01b0 Camilo Minero, Carlos Ca\u00f1as v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Studio Lenca truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc quang ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n phim\u2014trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 Baltasar Polio v\u00e0 Patricia Chica\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 To\u00f1o Salazar khai th\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t qua s\u1ef1 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00d3scar Romero trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n; c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Ignacio Ellacur\u00eda, Ignacio Mart\u00edn\u2011Bar\u00f3 v\u00e0 Segundo Montes c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c neo gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c xung quanh ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Pupusa\u2014b\u00e1nh tortilla \u00e9p tay nh\u1ed3i quesillo, chicharr\u00f3n, \u0111\u1eadu chi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c loroco\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a El Salvador, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 11. B\u00e0n \u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Salvador \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp yuca frita k\u00e8m theo curtido v\u00e0 b\u00ec l\u1ee3n, trong khi panes con pollo c\u00f3 g\u00e0 t\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c g\u00e0 x\u00e9 b\u1eb1ng tay t\u1ea9m gia v\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec ng\u1ea7m, trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3i xoong, d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb. Nghi l\u1ec5 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng bao g\u1ed3m chu\u1ed1i chi\u00ean r\u01b0\u1edbi kem v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t nh\u01b0 horchata h\u1ea1t morro ho\u1eb7c ensalada tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y; m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh ba lo\u1ea1i s\u1eefa ng\u00e2m b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n th\u01a1m m\u00f9i h\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n trong kem c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c, kem s\u1eefa v\u00e0 kem b\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u tr\u00ean v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng.<\/p>\n
Trong s\u1ef1 \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, El Salvador t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thu nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a Trung M\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u00f2 nung v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, trong khi c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 ven bi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 giao thoa n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xa hoa v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng do xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh lang du l\u1ecbch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y qua v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1, s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u vong v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, trong \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac Sonoran v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao.<\/p>\n
Trong s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh minh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Ilamatepec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1. T\u1eeb bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Guatemala, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Lempa g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng, mang theo tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng; t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a San Salvador, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y \u0111an xen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hy sinh. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a g\u1ee3i l\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i trong ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. El Salvador n\u1eb1m \u1edf giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1\u2014ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kinh t\u1ebf\u2014c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9ng minh cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eeba nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
El Salvador, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a El Salvador, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi Honduras \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, Guatemala \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. San Salvador, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. N\u0103m 2023, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 El Salvador \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 6,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3277,"parent":24084,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9069","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9069"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9069\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}