{"id":8015,"date":"2024-08-31T00:00:14","date_gmt":"2024-08-31T00:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=8015"},"modified":"2026-03-13T17:13:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T17:13:15","slug":"panama","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/destinations\/north-america\/panama\/","title":{"rendered":"Panama"},"content":{"rendered":"

Panama, bao ph\u1ee7 74.177,3 km\u00b2 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Trung M\u1ef9 gi\u1eefa Costa Rica v\u00e0 Colombia, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Panama, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 4,35 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o li\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng Caribe v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean eo \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi Caribe, khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\u2014Ng\u00e4be, Ember\u00e1, Kuna trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3\u2014m\u1ed7i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch qua nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng quanh co, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 theo m\u00f9a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 ca cao. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1; c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb chinh ph\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u2014c\u1ed5 h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a eo \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 theo m\u00f9a\u2014\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, Panama s\u1ebd dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf hoang v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng, khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1821 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u1edbi Gran Colombia, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bPanama b\u1ecb s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111ang tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1831. Eo \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i vi - cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o kh\u01a1i d\u1eady s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ly khai \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chia tay kh\u1ecfi Colombia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903. Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n C\u00f4ng binh Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1904 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1914 - m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o xuy\u00ean qua n\u00fai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1977 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Panama v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999. Khu v\u1ef1c K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o xung quanh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00ed k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y, doanh thu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u GDP h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u00e2u thuy\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia duy tr\u00ec h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i chi nh\u00e1nh. Du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp Panama \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 57 trong Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5; Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Kinh t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng Panama \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, Panama l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3i g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, nh\u00f4 l\u00ean t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ranh gi\u1edbi l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. G\u1ea7n Costa Rica, Cordillera de Talamanca c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Serran\u00eda de Tabasar\u00e1 u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c c\u00f3 r\u1eebng. G\u1ea7n k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o h\u01a1n, d\u00e3y n\u00fai n\u00e0y thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Sierra de Veraguas tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh Cordillera Central. Volc\u00e1n Bar\u00fa, cao 3.475 m\u00e9t, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh quan\u2014m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng quang \u0111\u00e3ng. \u1ede ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, Dari\u00e9n Gap v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c li\u00ean M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 cao nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft hay \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n \u00eam \u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Panama. R\u00edo Chagres, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c b\u1edfi \u0110\u1eadp Gat\u00fan t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1907 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1913, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra H\u1ed3 Gat\u00fan\u2014tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c tua bin th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, R\u00edo Chepo v\u00e0 h\u01a1n ba tr\u0103m con s\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, R\u00edo Tuira\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ecbnh San Miguel, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch quan tr\u1ecdng cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. \u1ede ph\u00eda Caribe, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Archipi\u00e9lago de Bocas del Toro che ch\u1edf cho c\u1ea3ng Almirante sau m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3o. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o San Blas tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo 160 km b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4, l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mola v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Guna truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u1ede c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng Crist\u00f3bal, Col\u00f3n v\u00e0 Balboa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn container b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh. 182 ha c\u1ee7a Balboa l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u si\u00eau h\u1eadu Panamax tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 2.400 m\u00e9t; ba b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Crist\u00f3bal \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n 2,2 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 20 feet v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Charco Azul v\u00e0 Chiriqu\u00ed Grande c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c si\u00eau t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng xuy\u00ean Panama d\u00e0i 131 km.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Panama v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i quanh n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama dao \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh m\u1ee9c 24 \u00b0C; bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfm khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 32 \u00b0C. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f9a, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi 1.300 mm h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c c\u00f3 m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 3.000 mm d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i \u1edf Caribe. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u0169 l\u1ee5t. \u0110\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu \u0111i s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p; s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf Cordillera de Talamanca trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm hoi trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n \u1ea5m \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y. G\u1ea7n 40 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi r\u1eebng r\u1eadm\u2014m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Panama v\u00e0 cho h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt Nam v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. G\u1ea7n 900 lo\u00e0i chim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c, mang l\u1ea1i cho Panama danh ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1eafm chim. Nh\u1eefng con l\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y; b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m r\u00ecnh m\u00f2 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p; \u1ebfch phi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho l\u1edbp l\u00e1 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bb\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Dari\u00e9n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf La Amistad, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi Costa Rica.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, Panama n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon \u00e2m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u carbon dioxide h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng r\u1eadm c\u00f4 l\u1eadp carbon trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh k\u1ebf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u00edt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch; c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Chagres v\u00e0 Chepo cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o cho c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 4,35 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ebb: g\u1ea7n 29 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, trong khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 6,6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tr\u00ean s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 25.000 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Lu\u1eadt 80, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012, c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong n\u0103m n\u0103m v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u1ed1n trong n\u0103m n\u0103m\u2014c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Panama lan t\u1ecfa v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2u Phi, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1edf Casco Antiguo\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i sau khi c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n Henry Morgan san b\u1eb1ng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1671\u2014n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb phong c\u00e1ch trang tr\u00ed, minh ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y tamborito, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb T\u00e2y Ban Nha nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u00e2u Phi, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc lai. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb nh\u1ea1c jazz \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea1c salsa l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thu nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00e9p v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Panama Viejo, khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u0103m 1519 t\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0ng T\u00e2n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ngay b\u00ean kia v\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Casco Antiguo l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n boutique, ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n bar tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. B\u00ean kia ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u2014Parque Soberan\u00eda, Parque Chagres, Parque Metropolitano\u2014n\u01a1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Pipeline thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc s\u0103n chim s\u1ebb v\u00e0 chim tucan, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Smithsonian cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3o Barro Colorado, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn Panama c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o. T\u1ea1i Miraflores Locks, kh\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u00ecn ra c\u00e1c khoang ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, trong khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a eo \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a l\u1eeba th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. \u1ede b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caribe, Trung t\u00e2m Du kh\u00e1ch Agua Clara cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u1ed5 kh\u00f3a m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m gi\u1edd, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Panama, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1855 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb Col\u00f3n \u0111\u1ebfn Balboa lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch qua t\u00e1n r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean kia th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi tr\u00ean hai b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng \u0111u\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Santa Catalina; th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm c\u1ee7a Coiba. \u1ede ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Bocas del Toro cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf do Guna qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a San Blas m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i tr\u00ean v\u00f5ng. Trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean mang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a Boquete n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.200 m\u00e9t, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 bao ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eadc thang. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i leo l\u00ean Volc\u00e1n Bar\u00fa tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh minh v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 trong n\u0103m ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, n\u00fai, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng m\u1ea3nh mai c\u1ee7a Panama v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khoang kh\u00f3a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea1i eo bi\u1ec3n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o\u2014m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 Panama<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9, Panama n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean eo \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Panama bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn: Guaym\u00ed, Kuna v\u00e0 Choc\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1510, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Panama. G\u1ea7n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Panama \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1821, Panama \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Gran Colombia, bao g\u1ed3m Colombia, Venezuela v\u00e0 Ecuador ng\u00e0y nay. Sau khi li\u00ean minh tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1830, Panama v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Colombia cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1903, khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Panama cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh m\u1ecfng, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i km t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, d\u00e3y n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh quan tr\u1ecdng cho giao th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Dari\u00e9n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n trong v\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Bocas del Toro, Panama cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a Panama l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, khi\u00eau v\u0169 v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tamborito, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Panama k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u00e2u Phi v\u1edbi giai \u0111i\u1ec7u T\u00e2y Ban Nha b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea3y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c xa hoa ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh di s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Panama, Carnival Panama h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Panama cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. G\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eadu, chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n ch\u00ednh; th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eam n\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia,<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Panama<\/h2>\n

Panama th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn, Panama l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Guaym\u00ed, Kuna v\u00e0 Choc\u00f3. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi s\u00e2u\u2014gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Trung v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Rodrigo de Bastidas v\u00e0 Vasco N\u00fa\u00f1ez de Balboa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c Panama. Balboa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1513, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Panama. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Santa Mar\u00eda la Antigua del Dari\u00e9n, khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1510. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c t\u1eeb Peru \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Panama ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Camino Real v\u00e0 Camino de Cruces, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a Panama tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y Ban Nha (1821)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Panama. Ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1821, Panama tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Thay v\u00ec ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, Panama \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Gran Colombia, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Colombia, Venezuela v\u00e0 Ecuador. D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, li\u00ean minh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1830 v\u00e0 Panama v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Colombia.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama (1903-1999)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Panama. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, Panama tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi Colombia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903. Hoa K\u1ef3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c gia non tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Khu v\u1ef1c K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama. Khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914, k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hoa K\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf Panama. C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1999, Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Torrijos-Carter n\u0103m 1977 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o cho Panama.<\/p>\n

Panama h\u1eadu k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o<\/strong><\/h3>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Panama n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Panama v\u1eabn l\u00e0 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, Panama v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Panama<\/h2>\n

N\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa Bi\u1ec3n Caribe v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n m\u1ecfng manh n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Panama \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 7\u00b0 v\u00e0 10\u00b0B v\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 77\u00b0 v\u00e0 83\u00b0T, Panama c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a 83\u00b0. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 74.177,3 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (28.640,0 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf, Panama t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3i ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch Panama v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2m b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n n\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. D\u00e3y n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Cordillera de Talamanca g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Costa Rica. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Serran\u00eda de Tab\u00e1s khi tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sierra de Veraguas v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd g\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa Costa Rica v\u00e0 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o l\u00e0 Cordillera Central c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n

Cao t\u1edbi 3.475 m\u00e9t (11.401 ft), Volc\u00e1n Bar\u00fa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Panama v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1ea7ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y quang \u0111\u00e3ng, \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p ra Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n Caribe, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a Panama.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 quan nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n Caribe \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda nam qua eo \u0111\u1ea5t. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Panama k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000, k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh cho giao th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Dari\u00e9n Gap gi\u1eefa Panama v\u00e0 Colombia. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 phi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n Colombia c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Li\u00ean M\u1ef9, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb Alaska \u0111\u1ebfn Patagonia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi Dari\u00e9n Gap.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Panama \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9, l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Panama v\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u1eeba quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

S\u00f4ng Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

G\u1ea7n 500 con s\u00f4ng, m\u1ed7i con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Panama, \u0111an xen v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng ven bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1eb1m \u1edf mi\u1ec1n trung Panama, R\u00edo Chagres l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u con s\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi, R\u00edo Chagres r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eadp Gatun ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o ra H\u1ed3 Gatun, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1907 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1913, H\u1ed3 Gatun t\u1eebng l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eadp Gatun l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. D\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n Caribe. Ngo\u00e0i ra, cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n cho khu v\u1ef1c K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o c\u0169 l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Kampia v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Madden, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb R\u00edo Chagres.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 R\u00edo Chepo, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 R\u00edo Chagres. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n ba tr\u0103m con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 R\u00edo Chepo V\u1edbi l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u00eda Caribe. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Panama trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 R\u00edo Tuira. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n; n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Golfo de San Miguel.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Panama th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Panama \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caribe c\u1ee7a Panama, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 l\u00e0 Crist\u00f3bal, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u Caribe c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama. G\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Costa Rica, Archipi\u00e9lago de Bocas del Toro cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Almirante, c\u1ea3ng chu\u1ed1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 160 km b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caribe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf, Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o San Blas, m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u01a1n 350 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ea7n Colombia,<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Latinh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u1edf m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama\u2014C\u1ea3ng Crist\u00f3bal, Col\u00f3n v\u00e0 C\u1ea3ng Balboa. V\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb container (TEU) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 182 ha, C\u1ea3ng Balboa t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 hai b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111a n\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 2.400 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 15 m\u00e9t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1n b\u1ebfn container. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 18 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng super-Panamax v\u00e0 Panamax v\u00e0 44 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n, C\u1ea3ng Balboa c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 2.100 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gian kho b\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau C\u1ea3ng Santos \u1edf Brazil, C\u1ea3ng Crist\u00f3bal \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd 2.210.720 TEU bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ga container c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3ng Panama Crist\u00f3bal, Nh\u00e0 ga qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Manzanillo v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 ga container Col\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u1edbi Costa Rica, Panama c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (VLCC) t\u1ea1i Charco Azul \u1edf Chiriqu\u00ed (Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 Chiriqu\u00ed Grande \u1edf Bocas del Toro (\u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng). Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1979, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng Trans-Panama d\u00e0i 131 km n\u1ed1i Charco Azul v\u00e0 Chiriqu\u00ed Grande, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Panama tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp eo \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a, Panama c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm \u1edf m\u1ee9c 24\u00b0C (75,2\u00b0F) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 30\u00b0C (86,0\u00b0F). Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cao h\u01a1n 32\u00b0C (89,6\u00b0F) trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Nh\u00ecn chung, ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a eo \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi ph\u00eda Caribe; tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi m\u00e0n \u0111\u00eam bu\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u; hi\u1ebfm khi, Cordillera de Talamanca \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Panama c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Panama m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi 1.300 mm (51,2 inch) \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 3.000 mm (118,1 inch), l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng, m\u00f9a m\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, ph\u00eda Caribe c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi Col\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba qu\u1ed1c gia duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon \u00e2m\u2014t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u carbon dioxide h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea3i ra. Bhutan v\u00e0 Suriade l\u00e0 hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a Panama \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4 l\u1eadp carbon.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i bao ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm, c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Panama l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1ea7n 40% Panama v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi r\u1eebng, n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 canh t\u00e1c t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam, lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 ng\u00f4.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caribe v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n; c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i tr\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa g\u1ea7n Costa Rica. Nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u00ean kia, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3nh quan r\u1eebng n\u0103m 2019 l\u00e0 6,37\/10, Panama x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 78 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong s\u1ed1 172 qu\u1ed1c gia, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 525 lo\u00e0i chim, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Soberan\u00eda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Panama d\u00e0nh cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eafm chim. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng xanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3c m\u00eda, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t lang n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2022, Panama \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt carbon, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Panama cho b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Destinations In Panama<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Trung t\u00e2m Panama<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Panama City, Col\u00f3n v\u00e0 Cocl\u00e9, Trung Panama l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh Col\u00f3n, t\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Caribe c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd, T\u1ec9nh Cocl\u00e9 mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y Carib\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m T\u1ec9nh Bocas del Toro, T\u1ec9nh Ng\u00f6be-Bugl\u00e9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh Veraguas, v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Caribe Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n trong v\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean Bocas del Toro. R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba coi T\u1ec9nh Ng\u00f6be-Bugl\u00e9 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh Veraguas t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf T\u1ec9nh Chiriqu\u00ed, khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c T\u1ec9nh Herrera v\u00e0 Los Santos c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh Veraguas. Cao nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 Volc\u00e1n Bar\u00fa cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean Chiriqu\u00ed. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai T\u1ec9nh Los Santos. Ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Veraguas c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4ng Panama<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ec9nh Dari\u00e9n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh Panama, Kuna Yala v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o San Blas c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Panama. Dari\u00e9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 xa x\u00f4i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba sinh s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. G\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 350 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, Kuna Yala, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o San Blas, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m ba qu\u1eadn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t\u2014th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (Casco Viejo) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u2014Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham quan ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Miraflores Locks mang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u \u0111ang \u0111i qua K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama.<\/p>\n

Balboa<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c ra K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, Balboa n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ed5i k\u00e8n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a Panama l\u00e0 Boquete, \u1edf Cao nguy\u00ean Chiriqu\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n h\u00f2a, quang c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tour tham quan c\u00e0 ph\u00ea r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Boca Chica<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1eb1m trong V\u1ecbnh Chiriqu\u00ed, Boca Chica l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n, l\u1eb7n v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e2u c\u00e1.<\/p>\n

d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1eb1m \u1edf cu\u1ed1i k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Caribe, Col\u00f3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e0u di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\u0110av\u00edt<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Chiriqu\u00ed, David l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, ch\u1ee3 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Gamboa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gamboa, n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong Khu v\u1ef1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, mang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i xung quanh.<\/p>\n

Portobelo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Portobelo n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Colombia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m l\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia Coca<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Galapagos c\u1ee7a Trung M\u1ef9, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia Coiba n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc trong xanh, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng th\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf La Amistad<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf La Amistad, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf Panama, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00e0o Costa Rica tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 850 km2. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia V\u1ecbnh Chiriqu\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Chiriqu\u00ed, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e2u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 thao, ng\u1eafm c\u00e1 voi v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Thung l\u0169ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1eb1m trong mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, El Valle l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ng\u1ecdc Trai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng trong v\u1eaft l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ng\u1ecdc trai.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o San Blas<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Kuna Yala, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o San Blas mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Kuna.<\/p>\n

Taboga<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3o Taboga\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Hoa\u2014c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00fai l\u1eeda Bar\u00fa<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 14.325 ha, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Volc\u00e1n Bar\u00fa c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t Panama v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng leo n\u00fai kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f9ng quang c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Panama<\/h2>\n

Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Panama \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh. Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2012 l\u00e0 2,7%. Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2008, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 60 v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 2015, Panama cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Panama \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y; t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2008, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 10,4%. Panama \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c n\u00e0y. Theo Latin Business Chronicle, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Panama\u201410%\u2014s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi Brazil t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Panama. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u00e2u thuy\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bl\u00e0 5,25 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb ph\u00ed c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi Hoa K\u1ef3 trao quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o cho Panama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999, cho ph\u00e9p Panama khai th\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t, bao g\u1ed3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kinh doanh, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Panama \u0111ang Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Panama-Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao, Panama c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 15,4% xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 14,1% trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2017, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n GDP, Panama \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean Trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9. V\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trung gian t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh chi\u1ebfm 9,3% GDP, ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n 24.000 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Panama \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Basel v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Panama nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Panama n\u0103m 2016 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n. Panama \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ed1ng r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch x\u00e1m c\u1ee7a FATF v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2016 v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch \u0111en thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ebf do Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1eadp ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, IMF v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00ednh c\u1edfi m\u1edf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, Panama \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bn\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Panama v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf Panama<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i qua Panama h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Copa Airlines, h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Panama, S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Tocumen\u2014s\u00e2n bay l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9\u2014n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Panama v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u00e2n bay n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 quan tr\u1ecdng cho du l\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i Tocumen, Panama t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e2n bay nh\u1ecf cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e1i xe ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Panama nh\u00ecn chung an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t. Giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i x\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u1eaft d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Li\u00ean M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Costa Rica \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Dari\u00e9n Gap \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Colombia. Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Panama nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia trung chuy\u1ec3n, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 150 tuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MiBus cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. B\u1ed5 sung cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Panama Metro, cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng xe c\u1ed9 v\u1edbi hai tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nhanh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Panama n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi "diablo rojos" hay "qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecf" tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xe bu\u00fdt do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh - xe bu\u00fdt t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u0169 t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u01a1n m\u00e0u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Panama.<\/p>\n

Du l\u1ecbch \u1edf Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p ho\u00e0n thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 cho du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch Panama trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Panama tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1ng m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng du kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u0103ng 23,1% trong ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2008. C\u01a1 quan Du l\u1ecbch Panama (ATP) b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam 13.373 du kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn Panama trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9 so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i. Nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha; du kh\u00e1ch \u00dd, Ph\u00e1p, Anh \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai. Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t trong Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Panama nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi 9,5% GDP, du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Panama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012. V\u1edbi 2,2 tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Panama \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi GDP qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1980, Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u1edf B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caribe c\u1ee7a Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Panama. Portobelo-San Lorenzo Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Panama v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Panama \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 80 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012, thay th\u1ebf Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 8 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m 1994 b\u1eb1ng Lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y du l\u1ecbch. Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 80 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o du l\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp 100% v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong 15 n\u0103m, mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong n\u0103m n\u0103m v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u1ed1n trong n\u0103m n\u0103m. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Panama nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Panama<\/h2>\n

D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Panama t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021 l\u00e0 4.351.267 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u0103m 2010, 6,6% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 65 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, 64,5% t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 65 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 29% d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i. V\u1edbi h\u01a1n 75% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, Panama l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9; h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Panama City\u2013Col\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Panama n\u0103m 2010 l\u00e0 65% Mestizo (lai da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9), 12,3% th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, 9,2% g\u1ed1c Phi ho\u1eb7c da \u0111en, 6,8% Mulatto v\u00e0 6,7% da tr\u1eafng. C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba: Bri Bri, Ember\u00e1, Bugl\u00e9, Wounaan, Ng\u00e4be, Kuna (Guna) v\u00e0 Teribe hay Tjerdi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Panama-Col\u00f3n, T\u1ec9nh Dari\u00e9n, La Palma v\u00e0 Bocas del Toro, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Panama g\u1ed1c Phi, h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00f9ng Caribe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, c\u01b0 tr\u00fa Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o, Panama c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Panama l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1edf Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 93% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha Panama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Kho\u1ea3ng 14% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Panama n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, do \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. H\u01a1n 400.000 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e4bere, Kuna v\u00e0 Ember\u00e1, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Panama. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Panama l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 2015, 25%, hay kho\u1ea3ng 1.009.740 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Tin l\u00e0nh trong khi 63,2% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, hay kho\u1ea3ng 2.649.150 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e31.<\/p>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 10% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Guaym\u00ed, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c tin Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 2% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i chung. V\u1edbi 1,4% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c Ph\u1ee5c l\u00e2m v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu Ng\u00e0y sau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ, m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m chi\u1ebfm 0,6%, Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o, Anh gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 Mamatata (trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ng\u00e4be) v\u00e0 Ibeorgun (trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kuna). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Rastafari.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, khi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Panama \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Sau khi Panama t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Colombia, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bl\u00e0 94,1% cho Panama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, 94,7% cho nam gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 93,5% cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi. Tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdc. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Panama tham gia c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra PISA, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tham gia b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2018.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a Panama<\/h2>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lai t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tamborito, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2u Phi v\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Panama l\u00e0 khi\u00eau v\u0169. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Panama, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1c reggae en espa\u00f1ol, reggaeton, haitiano (compas), jazz, blues, salsa, reggae v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c rock tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m khu v\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 v\u0169 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u2014kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m\u2014n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Panama r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Panama c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o doanh thu t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc gi\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Guna \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc mola. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e1nh, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201cmola\u201d d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i th\u00eau tinh x\u1ea3o do ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Guna t\u1ea1o ra. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1ea3i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e2u l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 12, l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1ng sinh\u2014El desfile de Navidad\u2014l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Panama. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c montuno v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eb7c v\u00e1y pollera truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n r\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc Panama. Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ban nh\u1ea1c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tay tr\u1ed1ng; tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u00e1t m\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng Noel kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u Phi, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Panama l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Panama, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa hai ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, rau v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. M\u00f3n ceviche h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Mercado de Mariscos n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1i. B\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Latinh ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, empanadas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong b\u00e1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi pastelitos, lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng to h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi: Montuno<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi cotton tr\u1eafng, qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u0169 r\u01a1m d\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi Panama\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 montuno. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, trang ph\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng tinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef: Pollera<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, pollera l\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Panama. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf Panama, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u g\u00e1i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u00fd c\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 13 yard v\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc pollera \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u201ccambric\u201d ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i lanh m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n

Pollera ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e1nh x\u1ebfp n\u1ebfp tr\u1ec5 vai. Chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp n\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o l\u00ean, \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111u\u00f4i c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea1t mantilla. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u00e1o c\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chim ho\u1eb7c hoa. Hai qu\u1ea3 pom pom l\u1edbn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (mota) \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau, b\u1ed1n d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng treo \u1edf eo, n\u0103m s\u1ee3i x\u00edch v\u00e0ng (caberstrillos) t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn eo v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n cho b\u1ed9 trang ph\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111eo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00ed l\u1ee5a \u1edf eo; th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, zaricillos\u2014hoa tai\u2014l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c san h\u00f4. D\u00e9p \u0111i trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung cho m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a pollera, v\u00e0 t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00fai c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ba chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 g\u1eafn ng\u1ecdc trai (tembleques), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t pollera tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10.000 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Polleras<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i pollera kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • V\u00e1y d\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>: Hai chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y l\u00f3t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e1nh x\u1ebfp n\u1ebfp ng\u1eafn tay t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i thanh l\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i c\u00f3 tembleques tr\u00ean t\u00f3c, v\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
  • Pollera Montuna<\/strong>:Trang ph\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Pollera Montuna bao g\u1ed3m \u00e1o c\u00e1nh, v\u00e1y tr\u01a1n m\u00e0u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n, hoa tai m\u1eb7t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u00f3c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c tr\u1eafng v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n c\u00f3 x\u1ebfp ly \u1edf vai v\u00e0 vi\u1ec1n x\u00f2e, thay v\u00ec \u00e1o c\u00e1nh tr\u1ec5 vai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Panama th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng l\u1eafc l\u01b0 v\u00e0 xoay v\u00e1y trong khi nam gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa ph\u00eda sau h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m m\u0169. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u00e0y thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Panama.<\/p>\n

    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Panama<\/h2>\n

    Nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o Panama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh Panama m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c trong t\u1ed1i \u0111a 180 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    Andorra, Angola, Antigua v\u00e0 Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, \u00c1o, \u00dac, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Belarus, B\u1ec9, Botswana, Bhutan, Brazil, Bolivia, Bosnia v\u00e0 Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Campuchia, Canada, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, S\u00edp, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ai C\u1eadp, Fiji, Estonia, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Ph\u00e1p, Gabon, \u0110\u1ee9c, Georgia, Gibraltar, Grenada, Hy L\u1ea1p, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, \u00dd, Ireland, Israel, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Marshall, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, Montenegro, Namibia, Nauru, H\u00e0 Lan, New Zealand, Nicaragua, B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, B\u1eafc Macedonia, Na Uy, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Ba Lan, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, Qatar, Romania, Li\u00ean bang Nga, Saint Kitts v\u00e0 Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, Samoa, S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 v\u00e0 Pr\u00edncipe, San Marino, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Saudi, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Slovakia, Slovenia, Nam Phi, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Th\u00e1i Lan, Tonga, Vatican, Trinidad v\u00e0 Tobago, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Tuvalu, Ukraine, C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, Hoa K\u1ef3, Uruguay, Vanuatu v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u01b0 tr\u00fa<\/strong>:C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Panama m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Panama m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u201cc\u00f4ng v\u1ee5\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c 180 ng\u00e0y. H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ngo\u1ea1i giao, c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Cuba, Haiti v\u00e0 Philippines c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung khi nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • M\u1ed9t v\u00e9 kh\u1ee9 h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb Panama.<\/li>\n
      • B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 500 \u0111\u00f4 la ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, s\u00e9c du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\/th\u1ebb ghi n\u1ee3.<\/li>\n
      • N\u00ean ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng da n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng da (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Hoa K\u1ef3).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin gia h\u1ea1n 30, 60 ho\u1eb7c 90 ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u01a1n xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean n\u00ean n\u1ed9p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ebft 180 ng\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi Panama trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ebfn Costa Rica) sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u1ea1n th\u00eam 180 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        M\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \n
        • C\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb EU, Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n
        • Lu\u00f4n mang theo b\u1ea3n sao ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p trang CMND\/CCCD trong h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 trang c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n Panama g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

          L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Panama<\/h2>\n

          B\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Tocumen (PTY)<\/strong><\/p>\n

          C\u00e1ch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama kho\u1ea3ng 32km (20 d\u1eb7m) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Tocumen (PTY) l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Panama. Nh\u1edd Copa Airlines, h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Panama v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Star Alliance, s\u00e2n bay n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Copa Airlines bay th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 20 qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m American Airlines, LATAM v\u00e0 Avianca c\u0169ng bay \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb PTY.<\/p>\n

          V\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m Bogot\u00e1, Medell\u00edn, Cali v\u00e0 Cartagena, do Avianca v\u00e0 Copa Airlines \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Colombia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay t\u1eeb Costa Rica \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb Bocas del Toro.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Panama c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng cao nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u00edch phi\u00eau l\u01b0u bay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh qua Trung M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e1y bay t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i quan v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

          D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n

          D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (FBO) cho m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, bao g\u1ed3m Panama City (Albrook v\u00e0 Tocumen), David (theo l\u1ecbch h\u1eb9n), Howard v\u00e0 Bocas del Toro. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m du l\u1ecbch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

          B\u1eb1ng xe h\u01a1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          C\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Paso Canoas<\/strong><\/p>\n

          C\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Paso Canoas, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda l\u00e0 11 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i \u1edf ph\u00eda Panama v\u00e0 10 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i \u1edf ph\u00eda Costa Rica. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1. N\u00ean thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t \u201ctramitador\u201d (ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ga.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c giao l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Rio Sereno (ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/strong>:C\u1eeda ng\u00f5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n qua l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc.<\/li>\n
          • Sixaola\/Guabito (ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/strong>:M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Costa Rica v\u00e0 Panama.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1edbi Colombia<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o n\u1ed1i Panama v\u00e0 Colombia v\u00ec Darien Gap c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ma t\u00fay ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

            Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 xe c\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Panama b\u1eb1ng xe, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu x\u00e1c minh vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u1eebng xe, v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 xe n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

            S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa xe h\u01a1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xe g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf Panama, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bCh\u00e2u \u00c2u. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn trong danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u00e9o xe, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng xe bu\u00fdt<\/h3>\n

            Darien Gap, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u1eeb Panama \u0111\u1ebfn Colombia b\u1eb1ng xe bu\u00fdt. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Interamericana k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i Yaviza, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi. V\u00e0o Panama t\u1eeb Costa Rica l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh, trong \u0111\u00f3 Paso Canoas l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. C\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fac 11 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i theo gi\u1edd Panama, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 10 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i theo gi\u1edd Costa Rica. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Panaline v\u00e0 Ticabus cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb San Jose, Costa Rica \u0111\u1ebfn David ho\u1eb7c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb San Jose r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 18 gi\u1edd. Xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a th\u1eddi gian trong khi tr\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed cho chuy\u1ebfn bay tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 280 \u0111\u00f4 la t\u1eeb San Jose \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111i xe bu\u00fdt t\u1eeb San Jose \u0111\u1ebfn Changuinola, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama. Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng 110 \u0111\u00f4 la. N\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh bay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Aeroperlas.<\/p>\n

            Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Panama quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00e9 kh\u1ee9 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m tra, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u1ee9 h\u1ed3i kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Panama l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7; v\u00e9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bb\u00ean trong Panama. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00e9 kh\u1ee9 h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u00e0i x\u1ebf xe bu\u00fdt. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n

            Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng du thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama ho\u1eb7c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Col\u00f3n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n chu\u1ed1i t\u1eeb Ecuador, Colombia v\u00e0 Venezuela l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi; tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

            Thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa Panama v\u00e0 Cartagena, Colombia. Chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 450 \u0111\u1ebfn 700 \u0111\u00f4 la, v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ba ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o San Blas. N\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n

            Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Colombia \u0111\u1ebfn Panama l\u00e0 \u0111i ph\u00e0 t\u1eeb Turbo \u0111\u1ebfn Capurgan\u00e1, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb Capurgan\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn Puerto Obald\u00eda. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama ho\u1eb7c \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Colon v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Carti t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

            \u0110i b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

            \u0110i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i qua Darien Gap t\u1eeb Colombia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u1ea3 thi; tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi th\u1ea3m do c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb du k\u00edch Colombia, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng r\u1eadm \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Darien Gap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i qua tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nguy hi\u1ec3m. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Panama kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf Panama<\/h2>\n

            B\u1eb1ng xe bu\u00fdt<\/h3>\n

            Xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Metrobuses, \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf Diablos Rojos (Red Devils) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Panama. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ga c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecdc theo \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Li\u00ean M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh, do \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi di chuy\u1ec3n. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Panama khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xe bu\u00fdt, do \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thu\u00ea \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean xe bu\u00fdt \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Li\u00ean M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00e9. Nh\u00e0 ga Grand Terminal hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1edbn \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Albrook Mall, m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

            V\u1edbi gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 1 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd di chuy\u1ec3n, xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1 xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 taxi t\u1ea1i S\u00e2n bay Tocumen cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ee9ng b\u00ean l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u01a1 tay l\u00ean v\u00e0 ra hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft xe bu\u00fdt. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u00e9t l\u00ean "para!" ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i x\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n kh\u00e1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111i xe bu\u00fdt.<\/p>\n

            H\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ti\u1ec1n l\u1ebb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, t\u00e0i x\u1ebf xe bu\u00fdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n gi\u00e1 v\u00e9; v\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, Metro de Panama \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb Metro c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u01b0 5 de Mayo v\u00e0 Albrook v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 2 \u0111\u00f4 la, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 0,35 \u0111\u00f4 la. Th\u1ebb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea3 Metrobuses v\u00e0 Metro.<\/p>\n

            T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9 Hai \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u t\u1eeb 5 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 11 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i, Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y t\u1eeb 5 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 10 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt t\u1eeb 7 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 10 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m hai tuy\u1ebfn: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb B\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt Albrook, tuy\u1ebfn 1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng t\u1ea1i Via Argentina v\u00e0 Iglesia del Carmen. T\u1ea1i ga San Miguelito, Tuy\u1ebfn 1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tuy\u1ebfn 2. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng t\u1ea1i S\u00e2n bay Tocumen, Tuy\u1ebfn 2 \u0111i qua h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Via Jose Domingo Diaz, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Via Tocumen.<\/p>\n

            Khi \u0111i t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n chung.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng Taxi<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m xa tuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt, taxi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. Ph\u00ed taxi th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. Trong khi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh qua th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1ed1n kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u0111\u00f4 la, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 2,50 \u0111\u00f4 la. Taxi Panama c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111i xa v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 taxi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t 30 \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn taxi t\u1eeb S\u00e2n bay Tocumen \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u00e1 taxi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong su\u1ed1t k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u0110i taxi c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 12 \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 xe bu\u00fdt t\u1eeb s\u00e2n bay cao h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 ga Gran c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng xe h\u01a1i<\/h3>\n

            L\u00e1i xe qua Panama mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, thu\u00ea xe v\u00e0 l\u00e1i xe quanh Panama l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Trung v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9. L\u00e1i xe cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

            Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u00edt bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe kh\u00e1c trong khi v\u1eabn hung h\u0103ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc giao th\u00f4ng; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe t\u1eeb B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c T\u00e2y \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. L\u00e1i xe b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

            C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u xa l\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh t\u1eeb xa l\u1ed9 li\u00ean M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1eb1ng xe \u00f4 t\u00f4. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 k\u00e9m, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac cua l\u1ec7ch, \u1ed5 g\u00e0 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac cua \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. B\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 Cochera Andina; lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1i xe c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe \u1edf Panama, nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1i xe qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ho\u1eb7c Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 40 km\/h; ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 80 km\/h; tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 100 km\/h. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec, si\u00eau ch\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u diesel.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n Panapass \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu ph\u00ed, Corredor Sur v\u00e0 Corredor Norte. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bay t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e2n bay Panama. T\u1eeb S\u00e2n bay Albrook Marcos Gelabert (PAC), AirPanama, Arrendamientos A\u00e9reos v\u00e0 Blue Skies Panama bay \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong khi Arrendamientos A\u00e9reos v\u00e0 Blue Skies Panama cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thu\u00ea chuy\u1ebfn, Air Panama cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay b\u1ea1n thu\u00ea \u1edf Panama. Sau s\u1ed1 \u0111u\u00f4i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: HP-0000TD), m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i cho bi\u1ebft m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa<\/h3>\n

            T\u1eeb Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama \u0111\u1ebfn Col\u00f3n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd. Ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft xuy\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i, chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1855, do \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft li\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u sang tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 25 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n

            Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Panama: Di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec3m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Panama n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103m ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u1ede Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, b\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m tham quan K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Panama Viejo, tham quan Casco Antiguo (hay Casco Viejo) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama<\/h3>\n

            Panama Viejo, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Panama, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1519. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng Caribe v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a C\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n Henry Morgan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1671, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. N\u0103m 1673, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u00ean kia v\u1ecbnh, n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Casco Antiguo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i khai sinh c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Panama.<\/p>\n

            Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5<\/h3>\n

            Casco Antiguo, m\u1ed9t Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lui t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Panama, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Caribe, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Art Deco. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha, nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng sau nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Casco Antiguo \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n boutique, qu\u00e1n bar v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c Jazz Panama, L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i khi\u00eau v\u0169 Sobresaltos.<\/p>\n

            C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/h3>\n

            Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i 15 ph\u00fat, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 sinh t\u1ea1i Parque Soberania, Parque Chagres v\u00e0 Parque Metropolitano. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m ng\u1eafm chim d\u1ecdc theo \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Pipeline \u1edf Gamboa, c\u00e2u c\u00e1 \u1edf H\u1ed3 Gatun v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Madden. Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Smithsonian cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3o Barro Colorado, m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

            K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. K\u1ef3 quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o: B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o \u1edf Casco Antiguo, n\u01a1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Panama nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Miraflores Locks, n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb ban c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

            M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111i qua n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u0103ng qua m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd, trong khi b\u0103ng qua ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m gi\u1edd. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00ean thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

            \u0110i t\u00e0u d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama mang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Panama, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1855 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh qua khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

            Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1edf Panama<\/h2>\n

            \u0110i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

            C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Panama. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p n\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. Thu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa ho\u1eb7c lo\u00e0i quetzal b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u1edf Boquete. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c Darien, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy hi\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Panama l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch uy t\u00edn cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Quetzal<\/h3>\n

            N\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Boquete, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Quetzal c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Panama. Du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn Resplendent Quetzal. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t con Quetzal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

            M\u00e1i che Zip-Line<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111u d\u00e2y qua t\u00e1n c\u00e2y. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan t\u00e1n c\u00e2y \u0111u d\u00e2y \u1edf Panama City, Cocle, Bocas del Toro v\u00e0 Boquete.<\/p>\n

            C\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a<\/h3>\n

            C\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh trong l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Panama. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 khi th\u1ea5y ng\u1ef1a g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf g\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a \u1edf Panama th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Ng\u1ef1a do t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb Quarter Horses v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Colombian ho\u1eb7c Peruvian Paso, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng \u0111i uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Paso. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Bocas del Toro g\u1ea7n Dolphin Bay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u1ee7a Boquete.<\/p>\n

            L\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 L\u1eb7n \u1ed1ng th\u1edf<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Bocas del Toro) v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (V\u1ecbnh Chiriqui). C\u00e1 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 san h\u00f4 Caribe t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 n\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u1eafm c\u00e1 voi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e2u c\u00e1<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 thao coi V\u1ecbnh Chiriqui Khi Panama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2u C\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111en trong T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Saltwater Sportsman. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00ec c\u00e2u c\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, V\u1ecbnh Pi\u00f1as v\u00e0 R\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 Zane Gray n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Colombia. Tropic Star Lodge c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean V\u1ecbnh Pi\u00f1as.<\/p>\n

            N\u1ebfm th\u1eed c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/h3>\n

            Boquete, Panama c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ngon nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea kh\u00e1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tham quan c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u00fap du kh\u00e1ch n\u1ebfm th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt pha ch\u1ebf c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. Ruiz l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn tham quan \u0111i\u1ec1n trang duy nh\u1ea5t; ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn tham quan m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1n trang v\u1edbi Boquete Safari Tours.<\/p>\n

            \u0110i thuy\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n

            V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Panama, ch\u1ec9 80 km (50 d\u1eb7m), c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y khi ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb David, m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nhanh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Pedregal v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ecbnh Chiriqui. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama bao g\u1ed3m C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Du thuy\u1ec1n Balboa, Khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ebfn du thuy\u1ec1n Flamenco, C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Quay Diablo, C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Yates y Pesca v\u00e0 B\u1ebfn du thuy\u1ec1n Miramar. \u1ede ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn du thuy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u xung quanh Col\u00f3n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Panama.<\/p>\n

            \u0110i b\u00e8 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

            Tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Chagres, c\u00e1ch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn hai gi\u1edd; Rio Chiriqui Viejo \u1edf T\u1ec9nh Chiriqui; v\u00e0 Rio Grande \u1edf T\u1ec9nh Cocle; c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u00e8o b\u00e8 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e8o quanh n\u0103m, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Panama c\u00f3 th\u00e1c gh\u1ec1nh t\u1eeb C\u1ea5p I \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ea5p V; Th\u00e1c gh\u1ec1nh C\u1ea5p III c\u1ee7a Panama t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1c gh\u1ec1nh C\u1ea5p IV c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n

            ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n kayak<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n kayak tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u1ec9nh Chiriqui c\u1ee7a Panama cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ch\u00e8o b\u00e8 v\u00e0 ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n kayak khi\u1ebfn Boquete tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, V\u1ecbnh Chiriqui t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng \u00eam \u1ea3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n kayak. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            Leo n\u00fai<\/h3>\n

            Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Boquete \u1edf T\u1ec9nh Chiriqui n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng leo n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1. Sinh ra trong \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, Cesar Melendez \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0110\u00e1 Basaltic. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai \u1edf m\u1ecdi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Melendez c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong "bouldering", m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia leo l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 trong khi treo m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            ng\u1eafm chim<\/h3>\n

            V\u1edbi h\u01a1n 900 lo\u00e0i chim - nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Panama - thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1eafm chim n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Audubon Panama l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim theo khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

            Su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng<\/h3>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean h\u01a1n 600 n\u0103m, c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb xung quanh. C\u00e1c su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh Chiriqui. C\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u00fat, Volcan, \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Volcan Baru, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 su\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p. Khu v\u1ef1c Boquete t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Trong khi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 xe d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng 4 b\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Caldera \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t con su\u1ed1i s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt - kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh - th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 spa.<\/p>\n

            Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 mua s\u1eafm \u1edf Panama<\/h2>\n

            Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 balboa, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Panama l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1904. M\u1ed9t balboa b\u1eb1ng 100 centesimo. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi United States Mint v\u00e0 Royal Canadian Mint, Panama c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Panama nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n xu c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Ti\u1ec1n xu c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i Panama c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 Lincoln tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng xu m\u1ed9t xu v\u00e0 Roosevelt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng xu m\u01b0\u1eddi xu, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh conquistador tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng xu hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m xu ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng xu m\u1ed9t xu. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u1edf Panama, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Mexico, Panama c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu n\u1eeda \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 peso.<\/p>\n

            Ti\u1ec1n xu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, ti\u1ec1n xu Panama bao g\u1ed3m 1 v\u00e0 5 centesimos, 1\/10, 1\/4, 1\/2 v\u00e0 1 balboa. M\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u1edd 50 \u0111\u00f4 la ho\u1eb7c 100 \u0111\u00f4 la. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri c\u1ee7a t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n l\u1ebb, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n xu Panama t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed7 xe \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

            Th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n xung quanh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n khu v\u1ef1c v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 David, Las Tablas, Col\u00f3n, Santiago v\u00e0 Bocas del Toro \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1ch h\u00f3a, si\u00eau th\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebb ghi n\u1ee3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

            M\u00e1y ATM<\/h3>\n

            Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Cirrus\/Plus, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ATM c\u1ee7a Panama c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ebb c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Interlink. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1ee9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mang theo \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf. S\u00e9c du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ATM b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng Visa th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 5,25 \u0111\u00f4 la; tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u00fat \u200b\u200bnhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

            Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

            Gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y trong tu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 3 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn 7 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi nh\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u00eam v\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n short ho\u1eb7c d\u00e9p x\u1ecf ng\u00f3n v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

            Mua s\u1eafm<\/h3>\n

            Panama l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 Khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do Col\u00f3n, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm l\u1edbn theo phong c\u00e1ch M\u1ef9, bao g\u1ed3m Multicentro, Albrook Mall, Multiplaza Pacific v\u00e0 Metromall. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm; Albrook cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, trong khi Multiplaza l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cao c\u1ea5p. Panama l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Panama ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 artesania, bao g\u1ed3m YMCA \u1edf Balboa v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 \u1edf Panama Viejo. REPROSA cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama. Mola, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng gh\u00e9p v\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Panama, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kuna t\u1ea1o ra. Mola c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean k\u00e8 ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng \u1edf Casco Viejo. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea1t tagua ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc, ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 cocobolo v\u00e0 gi\u1ecf \u0111an b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i c\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t khu ch\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u1edf El Valle t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n trung Panama.<\/p>\n

            \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Panama<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u1edf Panama c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m sushi t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p cao c\u1ea5p. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, \u00dd, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Mexico. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Panama.<\/p>\n

            \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Panama, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt b\u00f2, nh\u1edd c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong khu v\u1ef1c. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Panama l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Afro-Caribbean t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Trung M\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eadu l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Panama nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o chu\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1m d\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 b\u00ed. Culantro, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 rau m\u00f9i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Panama.<\/p>\n

            M\u1ed9t b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf do gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb 1,25 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ebfn 5,00 \u0111\u00f4 la. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u01a1m, \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i salad, c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt t\u1eeb mondongo (d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y b\u00f2), g\u00e0 r\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n, th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 r\u00e1n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n k\u00e8m l\u00e0 chu\u1ed1i xanh chi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c patacones. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Panama ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014chichas. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 agua de pipa (n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p t\u1eeb d\u1eeba xanh non), xo\u00e0i, \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, jugo de ca\u00f1a (n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda) v\u00e0 maracuya\u2014chanh d\u00e2y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Panama cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t cay, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 cay.<\/p>\n

            \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c ngon c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fondas cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n g\u1ed3m c\u01a1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u1ecbt g\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a salad nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,50 \u0111\u00f4 la kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t lon Coke, fondas th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9c \u0103n nhanh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i fonda mang l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngon mi\u1ec7ng h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gh\u00e9 th\u0103m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xung quanh, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n u\u1ed1ng cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n n\u0103m sao c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 \u0111\u00f4 la t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Panama cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u0103n sang tr\u1ecdng, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            Th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c Panama: \u0110\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam<\/h2>\n

            Bia v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c gia<\/h3>\n

            Panama c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i bia qu\u1ed1c gia bao g\u1ed3m Balboa, Atlas, Soberana v\u00e0 Panam\u00e1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Atlas l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u bia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, Balboa th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i bia ngon nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng th\u00edch Soberana. Trong khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh ph\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng 0,50 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi 2,50 \u0111\u00f4 la, gi\u00e1 bia thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi 0,30 \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed9t lon 12 ounce t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c si\u00eau th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Carta Vieja v\u00e0 Ron Abuelo. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1eefa (seco v\u1edbi leche), r\u01b0\u1ee3u rum tr\u1eafng th\u00f4 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 seco l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

            \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Panama l\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Trong khi reggaeton, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Panama, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Plena, nh\u1ea1c salsa l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Latin c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1ea1c reggae v\u1edbi l\u1eddi b\u00e0i h\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Bocas del Toro. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh \u1edf Panama, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00ean gh\u00e9 th\u0103m l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c m\u00f9a h\u00e8 t\u1ea1i Las Tablas.<\/p>\n

            C\u1ea3nh ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n

            L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Panama tham gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa, tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Carnaval, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 L\u1ec5 Tro v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc Tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o. L\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Las Tablas, T\u1ec9nh Azuero, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c thi gi\u1eefa hai con ph\u1ed1\u2014m\u1ed7i con ph\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

            Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf khu Calle Uruguay, n\u01a1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n bar, Panama City t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c l\u00e0 La Posta, Peperoncini, Habibis, Tomate y Amor, Madame Chang, Burgues v\u00e0 Lima Limon. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam sang tr\u1ecdng sau b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Prive, Pure, Loft, Guru ho\u1eb7c People. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u00e0n bi-a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n bar tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi Sahara v\u00e0 The Londoner.<\/p>\n

            V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Jet Set Club, the Building, Chill Out Zone v\u00e0 X Space, Zona Viva, tr\u00ean Amador Causeway, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tha h\u1ed3 vui ch\u01a1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1n bar.<\/p>\n

            Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Casco Viejo<\/h3>\n

            Casco Viejo mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Art Block h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ba l\u00ea, opera v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Relic, La Casona, Mojitos sans Mojitos, Platea, Havana Cafe v\u00e0 Republica Havana. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh n\u00e0y sau b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

            An to\u00e0n \u1edf Panama<\/h2>\n

            Nh\u00ecn chung, Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1 t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch. Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh nh\u01b0ng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m phi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n Colombia khi\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Panama v\u00e0 Colombia tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh xa khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

            H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Col\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 El Chorrillo, Curundu v\u00e0 El Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u01a1 s\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u, Casco Viejo, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 San Felipe, \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean sang tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, San Felipe ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y. Nh\u00ecn chung an to\u00e0n v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc d\u1ecdc theo Avenida Central h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn El Chorrillo.<\/p>\n

            S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Panama<\/h3>\n

            Panama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 y t\u1ebf v\u00ec d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t cho du kh\u00e1ch. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Avenida Cuba.<\/li>\n
            • Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n San Fernando<\/strong>: N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Paitilla<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Panama.<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Punta Pacifica<\/strong>:\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi Johns Hopkins International, thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1c s\u0129 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Santo Tomas<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ca ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 Farmacia Arrocha v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1ch h\u00f3a Gran Morrison r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

              Ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 R\u1ee7i ro S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/h4>\n
                \n
              • S\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng<\/strong>: Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 du kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean 9 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i \u0111i du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Darien, Kunayala (San Blas) v\u00e0 Panama, tr\u1eeb Khu v\u1ef1c K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o. Th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb Panama.<\/li>\n
              • S\u1ed1t r\u00e9t<\/strong>: R\u1ee7i ro t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Bocas del Toro, Dari\u00e9n v\u00e0 San Blas. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama ho\u1eb7c Khu v\u1ef1c K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o c\u0169. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Chloroquine kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ec9nh San Blas.<\/li>\n
              • S\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft<\/strong>:\u0110\u1eb7c h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Darien.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                An to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h4>\n

                N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Bocas del Toro, n\u01a1i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai.<\/p>\n

                D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p<\/h4>\n

                \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u y t\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 911 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf trong v\u00e0 xung quanh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m 911 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Las Tablas, David, Chitre v\u00e0 Santiago, trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

                Di t\u1ea3n y t\u1ebf<\/h4>\n

                C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay s\u01a1 t\u00e1n y t\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u1edf EU, Canada v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n nhanh kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng, v\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Trong khi tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn bay y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb David \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 \u0111\u00f4 la. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n y t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 10 \u0111\u00f4 la cho 90 ng\u00e0y b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. Th\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb Miami \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay s\u01a1 t\u00e1n ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb 18.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 30.000 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Panama, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Panama, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ef1c nam c\u1ee7a Trung M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9. Costa Rica \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y; Colombia \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam; Bi\u1ec3n Caribe \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda nam; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean 4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Panama, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4264,"parent":24084,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8015","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8015"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8015\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}