{"id":7643,"date":"2024-08-28T09:29:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-28T09:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=7643"},"modified":"2026-03-13T14:11:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T14:11:24","slug":"bolivia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/destinations\/north-america\/bolivia\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolivia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00e1i tim r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Bolivia \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Nam M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng 1.098.581 km vu\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014d\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t 70 m\u00e9t c\u1ee7a S\u00f4ng Paraguay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao 6.542 m\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Nevado Sajama\u2014ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Amazon, cao nguy\u00ean Andes v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi. T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina v\u00e0 Paraguay, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Bolivia h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trao cho La Paz gh\u1ebf h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh Sucre cho ng\u00e0nh t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, trong khi Santa Cruz de la Sierra \u0111\u1eadp nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

D\u00e3y n\u00fai Cordillera cao \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, n\u01a1i Cordillera Occidental v\u00e0 Cordillera Central t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Altiplano, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u2014trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Illimani v\u00e0 Sajama\u2014c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec h\u1ed3 Titicaca c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Peru. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Aymara v\u00e0 Quechua canh t\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang b\u00ean b\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lau s\u1eady, v\u1ee5 thu ho\u1ea1ch quinoa v\u00e0 khoai t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Tiwanaku tr\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c llanos ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t theo m\u00f9a, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Pantanal l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u caiman v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t lang n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Guaran\u00ed duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u1edbi khu r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai thung l\u0169ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 d\u00e3y n\u00fai Yungas, n\u01a1i gi\u00f3 m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch \u1ea9m b\u1ed1c l\u00ean t\u1eeb Amazon ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 m\u01b0a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 coca ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng che ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Chaco \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam mang v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y quebracho gai g\u00f3c v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n gia s\u00fac d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u01b0a theo m\u00f9a. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n x\u00e3 sinh v\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady - x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng trang bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t - \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh: h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y ngh\u00ecn lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch, g\u1ea7n ba ngh\u00ecn lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i lan \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn l\u1ee5c fer-de-lance m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, khi b\u1ea1c t\u1eeb Cerro Rico \u1edf Potos\u00ed t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Real Audiencia c\u1ee7a Charcas, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 mestizo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Sucre v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1809 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1825, s\u1ebd khai sinh ra m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mang t\u00ean Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar. C\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia non tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i\u2014trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c\u2014khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong hai ti\u1ec3u bang duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh do Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn n\u0103m 1971 m\u1edf ra ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Hugo Banzer, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, Banzer \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a Evo Morales t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd - GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m - c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 coca. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ea1nh tranh, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Bolivia v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh\u2014hydrocarbon, kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2014nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf khai th\u00e1c thi\u1ebfc, b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 lithium b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i Uyuni, trong khi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gia s\u00fac. L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 cung c\u1ea5p sinh k\u1ebf d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y ch\u1ea3y qua l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t Nam M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t n\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mestizo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u Phi, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ch\u00edn t\u1ec9nh chia nh\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, La Paz v\u00e0 Oruro t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb; \u1edf c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng, Cochabamba v\u00e0 Chuquisaca \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n; \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, Santa Cruz v\u00e0 Beni m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00e1m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1edf Amazonian Pando \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u \u1edf Cochabamba. S\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ebb trung th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y g\u1ea7n s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i\u2014kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 ban \u0111\u00eam th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra quanh n\u0103m, tia n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ban ng\u00e0y d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam; trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t El Ni\u00f1o, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u01b0a v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u1ea3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n. D\u00e3y n\u00fai Yungas v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, trong khi d\u00e3y n\u00fai llanos ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. \u1ede Chaco, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u00e1ng 1 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 surazos, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn ti\u1ec1n Cambri r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda nh\u01b0 Sol de Ma\u00f1ana th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, phun h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 phun kh\u00ed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. C\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 Salar de Uyuni l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng con vicu\u00f1as v\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014\u0111\u1ea3o m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Titicaca, kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e3i mu\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5ng v\u00f2m thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Sucre v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Potos\u00ed\u2014v\u1eabn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Sorata, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n d\u00e3y Andes, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m cho nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng b\u0103ng h\u00e0, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 l\u00e0m n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn leo n\u00fai k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Sajama, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n tr\u00ean cao b\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nh\u1eefng su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Beni v\u00e0 Santa Cruz \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh h\u1ecdc\u2014Pilon Lajas, Ambor\u00f3, Beni Biosphere\u2014n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0 v\u1eb9t \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng m\u01b0a. \u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Potos\u00ed, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Torotoro ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi hang \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xa x\u00f4i v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ven s\u00f4ng: nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng l\u00ea b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecdc theo Mamor\u00e9 n\u1ed1i Santa Cruz v\u1edbi Trinidad ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 Brazil, boong t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bao yucca. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Yungas n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 h\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea xe \u0111\u1ea1p leo n\u00fai v\u1eabn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c t\u1eeb La Cumbre xu\u1ed1ng Coroico \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng l\u00f9m c\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Afro-Bolivian tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh\u2014El Alto, Viru Viru v\u00e0 Jorge Wilstermann\u2014ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 BoA thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a TAM do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Amaszonas khu v\u1ef1c, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a TAB k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi Miami v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ee5c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eefa La Paz v\u00e0 Oruro, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i g\u1ea7n Guayaramer\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 tinh T\u00fapac Katari v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 internet \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i; l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau - ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng - l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i cung c\u1ea5p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a Cochabamba v\u00e0 La Paz, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng v\u00f9ng cao, n\u01a1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Morales t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c hacienda, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt nh\u1ecf m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thu mua, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng quinoa l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang cao; b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00eda g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi; s\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Amazon.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Bolivia\u2014t\u1eeb Phong tr\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Mercosur v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c Amazon\u2014ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u2014Madidi, Noel Kempff Mercado, Eduardo Avaroa\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n r\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean r\u1eebng gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00f2m sao v\u0103n h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng phu nh\u01b0 Carnaval de Oruro, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di s\u1ea3n phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng h\u00f3a trang t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i; trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng T\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u1eefa Chiquitania; v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Tiwanaku, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sucre v\u00e0 Potos\u00ed, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd baroque v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u b\u1ea1c, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i\u2014ban ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi tr\u1eafng x\u00f3a, ban \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7y sao\u2014thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y\u2014c\u00e1c th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 quan sinh th\u00e1i\u2014Bolivia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba danh, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Andes, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t Amazon v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm Chaco t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p v\u00f4 song. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u00fa v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 hai tu\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi sinh quy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u1ea1t ma \u0111ang ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ecnh minh n\u00fai l\u1eeda, ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng Diablada c\u1ee7a Oruro l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i Uyuni d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng khuy\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y - n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, qu\u1ea7n x\u00e3 sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t - s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a Bolivia kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng n\u1eb1m ngang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111an xen qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: N\u01a1i Amazon g\u1eb7p d\u00e3y Andes<\/h2>\n

N\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Nam M\u1ef9, Bolivia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t quang c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01a1i d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes cao nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Amazon tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa. Bolivia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00ec n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Bolivia v\u1eabn thu h\u00fat r\u1ea5t \u00edt du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i Uyuni \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Sucre, Bolivia c\u00f3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng du l\u1ecbch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Bolivia h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn du kh\u00e1ch b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e3i mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y gi\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng; di t\u00edch th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Bolivia mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00f4 song cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m du l\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

D\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes: M\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng h\u00f9ng v\u0129<\/h3>\n

T\u1eeb b\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng nam, d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes ch\u1ea1y qua x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Bolivia v\u00e0 chia qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. L\u00e0 d\u00e3y n\u00fai l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, d\u00e3y n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Bolivia kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, d\u00e3y Andes c\u1ee7a Bolivia bao g\u1ed3m Nevado Sajama, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c 6.542 m\u00e9t (21.463 feet) so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, d\u00e3y Andes cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c vi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. Trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Bolivia; c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Amazon: M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t<\/h3>\n

R\u1eebng Amazon Bolivia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i r\u1eebng r\u1eadm nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi d\u00e3y Andes kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 60% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Bolivia, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia Nam M\u1ef9. Bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng\u2014nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u2014r\u1eebng Amazon Bolivia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Bolivia \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Amazon c\u00f3 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Madidi, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trong khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Beni, Mamor\u00e9 v\u00e0 Madre de Dios cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9u sinh. Amazon c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi khu r\u1eebng trong h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Altiplano: Sa m\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Bolivia n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa d\u00e3y n\u00fai ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes: Altiplano, m\u1ed9t cao nguy\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn. Cao nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Altiplano c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 3.750 m\u00e9t (12.300 ft) so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Phong c\u1ea3nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00ean n\u00f3. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Salar de Uyuni n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a Altiplano l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng quinoa v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu v\u00e0 alpaca.<\/p>\n

Chaco: M\u1ed9t th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n<\/h3>\n

Chaco, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m r\u1eebng kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Paraguay v\u00e0 Argentina, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam Bolivia. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng, b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Chaco; m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng trong khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Chaco duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0 b\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1eed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n th\u01b0a th\u1edbt d\u00e2n c\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Bolivia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n

N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n Columbus: \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Inca v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa<\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Bolivia tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n Columbus tinh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Tiwanaku, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 300 \u0111\u1ebfn 1000 CN quanh H\u1ed3 Titicaca. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tiwanaku ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c tinh vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ec1n Columbus n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c \u1edf Bolivia l\u00e0 Chiripa tr\u00ean b\u1edd H\u1ed3 Titicaca v\u00e0 Moxos \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Amazon. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y Bolivia \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Inca v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi Francisco Pizarro v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Bolivia c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1530. Nh\u1edd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c \u1edf Potos\u00ed\u2014khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Peru, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Mita, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Bolivia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Peru trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c R\u00edo de la Plata. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n Bolivia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Bolivia ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Bolivia<\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 \u1edf n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Sucre v\u00e0 La Paz \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Bolivia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1809. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ban Nha. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh, phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1810.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Bolivia l\u00e0 Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u00ean, v\u00e0 Antonio Jos\u00e9 de Sucre, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 huy chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng vang d\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ban Nha trong Tr\u1eadn Ayacucho n\u0103m 1824. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Bolivia l\u00e0 Sucre, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1825.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20: Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Bolivia, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh Chaco v\u1edbi Paraguay (1932\u20131935), khi\u1ebfn Bolivia ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, qu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh khai kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Bolivia n\u0103m 1952. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 si\u00eau l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, Bolivia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n ho\u00e1<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1ed3i l\u1ea9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a: \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi<\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Bolivia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t n\u00ean t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1eeb \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 khi\u00eau v\u0169 \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolivia th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Bolivia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\u2014Aymara, Quechua, nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c\u2014\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u phong t\u1ee5c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Bolivia. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Phi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khi\u00eau v\u0169 v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Yungas. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Bolivia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c, Khi\u00eau v\u0169 v\u00e0 Nghi l\u1ec5<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u00f4n vinh di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Bolivia xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a UNESCO, Carnaval de Oruro. Diablada, hay "V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef", l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y; c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Alasitas \u1edf La Paz, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0 Fiesta del Gran Poder, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a La Paz v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Bolivia, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho du kh\u00e1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m vui v\u1ebb, quy t\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba: B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Bolivia<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 36 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u1edf Bolivia, m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c ri\u00eang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Quechua v\u00e0 Aymara l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Bolivia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c song ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c, d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n du l\u1ecbch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, tham quan c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 tham gia nghi l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Bolivia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Bolivia, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Bolivia: M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n

\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Bolivia \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n ngon \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 quinoa, khoai t\u00e2y (Bolivia c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200 lo\u1ea1i), ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c v\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb Andes, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m pique a lo macho (b\u1eefa \u0103n no v\u1edbi th\u1ecbt b\u00f2, x\u00fac x\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean khoai t\u00e2y chi\u00ean), salte\u00f1as (b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt m\u1eb7n v\u1edbi th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 rau), v\u00e0 charque (th\u1ecbt kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ecbt l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu). Trong khi \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, chu\u00f1o, hay khoai t\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Altiplano.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o t\u1eeb Bolivia c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng; chicha, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 l\u00ean men, v\u00e0 api, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ng\u00f4 t\u00edm. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Bolivia cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ea5u \u0103n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Bolivia: \u1ea4m \u00e1p, hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolivia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Bolivia.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng; \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 40% \u0111\u1ebfn 60% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, mestizos\u2014h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2014v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a<\/h3>\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Bolivia ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf d\u00e3y Andes, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aymara v\u00e0 Quechua l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Guaran\u00ed, Chiquitano v\u00e0 Moxe\u00f1o v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: S\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Bolivia th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi gi\u1eefa \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i La Paz, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng thanh l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mi Telef\u00e9rico, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p treo t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 d\u1ed1c, quanh co c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb Bolivia ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, th\u1eddi trang v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, trang ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n: S\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/h3>\n

\u1ede v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Bolivia, phong t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf d\u00e3y Andes, v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c khoai t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu v\u00e0 alpaca, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u1edf Amazon g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi; ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1, s\u0103n b\u1eafn v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Bolivia.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Bolivia<\/h3>\n

Bolivia c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1c, k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 lithium. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Bolivia, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Bolivia g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, qu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu h\u00f3a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u thu nh\u1eadp h\u01a1n cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0nh khai kho\u00e1ng: Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, khi c\u00e1c m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Potos\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a Bolivia v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Bolivia. Bolivia th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn, bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebfc, ch\u00ec, b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebdm.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolivia, ng\u00e0nh khai kho\u00e1ng cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra thu nh\u1eadp xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Trong khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i: X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/h3>\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Bolivia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, h\u1ea1t di\u00eam m\u1ea1ch, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 ca cao. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Andes bao g\u1ed3m ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 alpaca) v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng khoai t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a Bolivia \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 quinoa. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Du l\u1ecbch: M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thu h\u00fat ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, du l\u1ecbch \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Bolivia. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Amazon, Salar de Uyuni, H\u1ed3 Titicaca v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Sucre v\u00e0 Potos\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb Bolivia nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cho du l\u1ecbch phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o du l\u1ecbch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m tham quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua<\/h2>\n

H\u1ed3 Titicaca: H\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n

N\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Bolivia v\u00e0 Peru, H\u1ed3 Titicaca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Cao 3.810 m\u00e9t (12.500 ft) so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng xanh th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uru \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb lau s\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0110\u1ea3o M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn Copacabana \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Salar de Uyuni: C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Bolivia l\u00e0 Salar de Uyuni. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u01a1n 10.000 km2 (4.000 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng), d\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1i tr\u1eafng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 m\u01a1, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecfng bi\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Laguna Colorada s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Incahuasi v\u1edbi c\u00e2y x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i mu\u1ed1i, kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u01b0u tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u1ecf lithium c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Salar de Uyuni kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Madidi: \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

N\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Amazon, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Madidi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y tuy\u1ebft, khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m, g\u1ea5u \u0111eo k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1 heo s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1.000 lo\u00e0i chim, hay 11% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ng\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 sinh th\u00e1i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho du kh\u00e1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn c\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng m\u01b0a Amazon. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 phong c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o n\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Sucre: Vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba<\/h3>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Sucre, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Bolivia. Sucre l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tr\u1eafng" v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i tr\u1eafng. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn, tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m Tu vi\u1ec7n Recoleta, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00e0 Casa de la Libertad, n\u01a1i tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Bolivia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Bolivia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u1edf Sucre; L\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Sucre cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00fa vui nh\u00e0n nh\u00e3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Potos\u00ed: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h3>\n

T\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1edd c\u00e1c m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c, Potos\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho di s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Bolivia. Cao 4.090 m\u00e9t (13.420 feet), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Cerro Rico (N\u00fai Gi\u00e0u), tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ea1c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tham quan c\u00e1c m\u1ecf gi\u00fap du kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u00e0 X\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u1ebb huy ho\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nam M\u1ef9, Potos\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

La Paz: M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/h3>\n

Trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Bolivia, La Paz l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. La Paz, \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi N\u00fai Illimani ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y tuy\u1ebft, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t quang c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1m tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p treo hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trung t\u00e2m th\u1ec3 thao Evo Morales hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Valle de la Luna (Thung l\u0169ng M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng) g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. La Paz c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m leo n\u00fai \u1edf d\u00e3y Cordillera Real ho\u1eb7c \u0111i tr\u00ean "Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eed th\u1ea7n".<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn: Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m Bolivia<\/h3>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Bolivia ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, do \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u00ecn chung, m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 du l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan d\u00e3y Andes v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong xanh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng cao.<\/p>\n

M\u00f9a m\u01b0a\u2014t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm Salar de Uyuni bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Khu v\u1ef1c Amazon n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9m quanh n\u0103m, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3: Chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn Bolivia b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng bay \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf El Alto \u1edf La Paz ho\u1eb7c S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Viru Viru \u1edf Santa Cruz. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Bolivia, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i nh\u1eefng qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. Xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. Trong khi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c: Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, Canada, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Bolivia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebb du l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh khi r\u1eddi \u0111i. Vi\u1ec7c \u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 90 ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ea5p th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb9o an to\u00e0n: Gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n \u1edf Bolivia<\/h3>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Bolivia th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia an to\u00e0n cho du kh\u00e1ch, tuy nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn n\u00ean c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n m\u00f3c t\u00fai v\u00e0 gi\u1eadt t\u00fai x\u00e1ch \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng taxi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t qua n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c tham gia c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. Lu\u00f4n xin ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch: L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p<\/h3>\n

Bolivia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn du kh\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o phong c\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, \u0103n \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch t\u1ea7m trung s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sang tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf La Paz, Santa Cruz v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Salar de Uyuni ho\u1eb7c Amazon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i. N\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1eef h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec3m tham quan<\/h2>\n

Ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bolivia, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Nam M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho du kh\u00e1ch. C\u1ea3nh quan \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan cho m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Salar de Uyuni l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Bolivia. \u0110\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, bao ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1n 10.000 km vu\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan si\u00eau th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecfng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 Titicaca, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi Peru, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0 h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Andes c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ed5i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uros\u2014v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0n t\u00edch Tiwanaku, n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n La Paz, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ec1n Columbus c\u1ee7a Bolivia. Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n Inca h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Madidi \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng m\u01b0a Amazon.<\/p>\n

Du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Bolivia, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho du l\u1ecbch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Bao g\u1ed3m C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Ambor\u00f3, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb d\u00e3y Andes \u0111\u1ebfn Amazon, v\u00e0 Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia Eduardo Avaroa Andean, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim h\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Du l\u1ecbch v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 La Paz, Sucre v\u00e0 Potos\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf La Paz l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Du l\u1ecbch m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Bolivia. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 leo n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ea1p xe leo n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. "Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eed th\u1ea7n" kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7n La Paz \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p th\u00edch c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bolivia v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. Bolivia c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng du l\u1ecbch qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Bolivia c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng du l\u1ecbch. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch, coi du l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao, Bolivia?<\/h2>\n

Bolivia c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. T\u1eeb Amazon xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh si\u00eau th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u0169 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, Bolivia mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong l\u00f2ng du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Bolivia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9. Bolivia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho d\u00f9 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u0103ng qua d\u00e3y Andes, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Amazon tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa, c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9, Bolivia l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng ai r\u1eddi xa con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch v\u1eabn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nguy\u00ean s\u01a1. T\u1eeb s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Sucre \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u1edf La Paz, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Tiwanaku \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1edbt qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, Bolivia mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec qua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Bolivia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/p>\n

Bolivia mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 song cho du kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9. M\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i b\u1eefa \u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Bolivia, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 phi\u00eau l\u01b0u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Bolivia v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn: quang c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Bolivia kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Amazon, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba xa x\u00f4i, Bolivia ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 v\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mang theo s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay khi b\u1ea1n r\u1eddi Bolivia. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch b\u00f9n ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bolivia, officially designated as the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked nation situated in the central region of South America. This geographically diverse country shares borders with five nations: Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Bolivia’s distinctive geography and cultural diversity make it a topic of great appeal for academic research and travel.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3147,"parent":24084,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7643","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7643"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7643\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}