Chile tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng d\u1ecdc theo r\u00eca ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9, n\u00fai v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, kho\u1ea3ng 756.000 km2 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a Sa m\u1ea1c Atacama \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc\u2014m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Patagonia \u1edf c\u1ef1c nam. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi Peru b\u00ean kia d\u00e3y Andes cao \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Bolivia \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc v\u00e0 Argentina \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Chile ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o Eo bi\u1ec3n Drake khi n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam C\u1ef1c. Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014\u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, Juan Fern\u00e1ndez v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c\u2014v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec y\u00eau s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 1,25 tri\u1ec7u km2 Nam C\u1ef1c theo Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nam C\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
T\u00ean g\u1ecdi Chile xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI v\u00e0 XVII nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca\u2014Chili\u2014li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cacique b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c, thung l\u0169ng Aconcagua, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea1nh, chim bi\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y sau chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Diego de Almagro v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1535\u201336, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Chilli\u201d, v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201cChili\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Anh cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX\u2014tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e0 Chile.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u1eeda ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Chile ng\u00e0y nay n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cao nguy\u00ean tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng ven bi\u1ec3n. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mapuche t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u2014ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1500, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng, s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng m\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong h\u01a1n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 d\u1ecdc theo Thung l\u0169ng Trung t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mapuche \u1edf ph\u00eda nam S\u00f4ng B\u00edo-B\u00edo.<\/p>\n
Sau tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1818, Chile \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. Qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng qua xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880, "B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Araucan\u00eda" k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mapuche, v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1879\u20131883) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Peru v\u00e0 Bolivia \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Chile gi\u00e0u nitrat v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Trung t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bl\u00e0n s\u00f3ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a, di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xung quanh c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 Chile ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1973, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Salvador Allende. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u n\u0103m c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng Augusto Pinochet, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ort\u00fazar, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p: h\u01a1n ba ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t t\u00edch. Cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd n\u0103m 1988 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990, m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh trung t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft Chile v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, Chile \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Latinh. Thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Chile \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, Chile \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 Caribe (CELAC) v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Chile tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 4.300 km t\u1eeb b\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng nam, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 350 km chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng. X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes\u2014d\u1ecdc theo ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Trung t\u00e2m, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Santiago. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Sa m\u1ea1c Atacama mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, trong khi v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf bao ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea3nh quan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda. M\u00ea cung ven bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh h\u1eb9p, k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o Patagonia v\u00e0 Tierra del Fuego.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1978, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u v\u00f9ng\u2014m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng mang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 La M\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng nam, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb V\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Santiago\u2014v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 x\u00e3. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007 (Arica v\u00e0 Parinacota; Los R\u00edos) v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2018 (\u00d1uble) \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
Du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Chile. \u1ede c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc, San Pedro de Atacama thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ban Nha, c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thung l\u0169ng M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. C\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Andes\u2014Portillo, Valle Nevado, Termas de Chill\u00e1n\u2014ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea th\u1ec3 thao m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u00eda nam m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Conguill\u00edo v\u00e0 Nahuelbuta, trong khi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Chilo\u00e9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o quanh co c\u1ee7a Patagonia\u2014bao g\u1ed3m Laguna San Rafael v\u00e0 Torres del Paine\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Valpara\u00edso l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c sinh xa x\u00f4i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng moai \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Rapa Nui.<\/p>\n
Du kh\u00e1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n m\u00f9a h\u00e8 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3: c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Arica v\u00e0 Iquique; c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n La Serena v\u00e0 Coquimbo; Puc\u00f3n ven h\u1ed3 \u1edf ph\u00eda nam; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ven bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a V\u00f9ng Valpara\u00edso, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Vi\u00f1a del Mar gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c thi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Pichilemu c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng theo m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 2005, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Chile. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean\u2014m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh lang d\u00e0i 2.800 km g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\u2014\u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y du l\u1ecbch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng d\u1ecdc theo x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Patagonia.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Chile \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, g\u1ea7n 86.000 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111i qua n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y, h\u01a1n 21.000 km trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang ch\u00ednh\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Li\u00ean M\u1ef9 (Tuy\u1ebfn 5)\u2014\u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb Atacama qua mi\u1ec1n trung Chile \u0111\u1ebfn Puerto Montt. Xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Santiago\u2013Arica (30 gi\u1edd) v\u00e0 Santiago\u2013Punta Arenas (40 gi\u1edd, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m trung chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Osorno).<\/p>\n
Du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i: trong s\u1ed1 372 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng, S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Mataveri tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong khi Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez c\u1ee7a Santiago ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, Concepci\u00f3n, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas v\u00e0 Temuco.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2017 ghi nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3ng 17,6 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n. Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1\u2014d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20,2 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Santiago, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di c\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Chile \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sau n\u00e0y. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng Andes ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00f9ng cao; \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 in d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Bavaria v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Valdivia v\u00e0 Puerto Varas. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y: h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt c\u1eebu tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Trung t\u00e2m. C\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng bao g\u1ed3m cazuela\u2014m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n g\u1ed3m th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 rau\u2014empanadas, pastel de choclo (b\u00e1nh ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt), curanto (s\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt n\u01b0\u1edbng trong h\u1ed1) v\u00e0 sopaipillas (b\u1ed9t chi\u00ean). M\u00f3n \u0103n th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 crudos pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Andes, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c: th\u1ecbt llama b\u0103m nh\u1ecf (ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ecbt b\u00f2), cam qu\u00fdt, h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1t mayonnaise v\u00e0 s\u1eefa chua.<\/p>\n
Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Chile \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3\u2014\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, khi\u00eau v\u0169, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. N\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Rapa Nui (1995), Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Chilo\u00e9 (2000), khu ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Valpara\u00edso (2003), Humberstone v\u00e0 Santa Laura Saltpeter Works (2005) v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf Sewell (2006). T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999, Ng\u00e0y Di s\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng 5 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Chile cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Chile, located in western South America, has a population of 17.5 million according to the 2017 census and covers a territorial area of 756,102 square kilometers. Bound to the north by Peru, to the northeast by Bolivia, and to the east by Argentina, this long, thin country runs along the western coast of the continent. With land closest to Antarctica, the Republic of Chile\u2014as it is formally known\u2014stands as the southernmost nation in the world.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2869,"parent":24096,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7469","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7469\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}