Colombia m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn: cao nguy\u00ean Andes cao v\u00fat v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb; r\u1eebng r\u1eadm \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Amazon ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb; b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caribe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m; v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 trong s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p. Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i 1.141.748 km vu\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u00ean hai ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n neo \u0111\u1eadu t\u1ea1i Nam M\u1ef9. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 - chung v\u1edbi Panama, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru v\u00e0 Ecuador - theo d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
N\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Colombia l\u00e0 d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes, chia th\u00e0nh ba d\u00e3y n\u00fai t\u1ea1o n\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, d\u00e3y n\u00fai Cordillera Occidental ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p v\u1edbi r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 trong s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9. Cali, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi S\u00f4ng Cauca, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng Cauca v\u00e0 Magdalena l\u00e0 d\u00e3y n\u00fai Cordillera Central, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 5.000 m\u00e9t. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a Medell\u00edn b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i, tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a hoa lan v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea rang. D\u00e3y n\u00fai Cordillera Oriental k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Guajira, bao quanh Bogot\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 2.600 m\u00e9t - m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi - v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Bucaramanga v\u00e0 C\u00facuta.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf Llanos r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Orinoco, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t theo m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Amazon kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xanh c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Caribe ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta\u2014m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai ven bi\u1ec3n cao \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 5.700 m\u00e9t\u2014trong khi v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eb9p, nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Colombia, tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba; ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00e1p ranh v\u1edbi Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 14.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n b\u1eaft h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111i qua c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn - nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean La Guajira v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1499 - c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba tinh vi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. V\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Granada m\u1edbi v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, v\u1edbi Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 suy gi\u1ea3m do b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p khi c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Creole xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1810, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1819 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Gran Colombia t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1eadp trung ti\u1ebfp theo th\u00f4ng qua Li\u00ean bang Granadine (1858), Hoa K\u1ef3 Colombia (1863) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Colombia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1886. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t Panama v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 1990 - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 an ninh, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
Colombia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 32 t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Qu\u1eadn th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4\u2014Bogot\u00e1\u2014m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh do m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00e0nh corregimientos (qu\u1eadn n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n) v\u00e0 comunas (qu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb), m\u1ed7i qu\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c qu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2014Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta v\u00e0 Buenaventura\u2014c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp n\u00e0y t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 52 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Colombia \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. Qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y\u2014b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00ean h\u01a1n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay\u2014ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n sang th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. B\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang cao nguy\u00ean Andes. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Bogot\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930 l\u00ean g\u1ea7n t\u00e1m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111ang gi\u00e0 \u0111i: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00ean s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u2014h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00e1c\u2014th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Colombia. Ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha g\u1eafn k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u1ebfng Anh, ti\u1ebfng Creole v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y qu\u1ed1c gia \u201csi\u00eau \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d, Colombia duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. R\u1eebng r\u1eadm Amazon, r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n Andes, r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng kh\u00f4 Caribe l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. S\u00e1u v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh\u2014Andes, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caribe, Llanos, Amazon v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o\u2014t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Magdalena v\u00e0 Cauca t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh lang sinh th\u00e1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda rung chuy\u1ec3n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tr\u00ean V\u00e0nh \u0111ai l\u1eeda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Colombia, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u2014d\u1ea7u, than, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 hoa c\u1eaft c\u00e0nh\u2014v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, trong khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn\u2014Bogot\u00e1, Medell\u00edn, Cali, Barranquilla v\u00e0 Cartagena\u2014ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
V\u0103n h\u00f3a Colombia c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n Columbus, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha, di s\u1ea3n ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Andean bambucos \u0111\u1ebfn Afro-Caribbean cumbia; v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i\u2014Carnaval de Barranquilla, Feria de las Flores \u1edf Medell\u00edn\u2014pha tr\u1ed9n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, khi\u00eau v\u0169 v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 trong c\u00e1c m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, ajiaco\u2014s\u00fap khoai t\u00e2y, ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 g\u00e0\u2014l\u00e0m \u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai; \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caribe, c\u01a1m d\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u00e1 chi\u00ean g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi. Arepas\u2014b\u00e1nh ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ed3i\u2014xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi b\u1eefa \u0103n, trong khi \u0111\u1eadu, chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi nh\u01b0 guan\u00e1bana, lulo v\u00e0 maracuy\u00e1 l\u00e0m b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0n \u0103n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng rong ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 empanadas, aborrajados (chu\u1ed1i ng\u1ecdt v\u1edbi ph\u00f4 mai) v\u00e0 bu\u00f1uelos; b\u1ebfp gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng nh\u01b0 natillas v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh tres leches. \u0110\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tinto \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn aguardiente m\u00eda, t\u1eeb champ\u00fas (\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ng\u00f4) \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Colombia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ven s\u00f4ng, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng minh cho m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u2014t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n vinh c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean trong khi m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Colombia v\u1eabn v\u1eeba quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y suy ng\u1eabm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Located at the northwestern extremity of South America,\u00a0Colombia\u00a0is characterized by significant\u00a0diversity\u00a0and striking contrasts. Officially the\u00a0Republic of Colombia, this colorful nation covers more than 1.1 million square kilometers, ranking 26th among all the countries in the globe.\u00a0Colombia\u00a0acts as a\u00a0geographical\u00a0and\u00a0cultural link\u00a0between\u00a0South and Central America\u00a0with its strategic position between the\u00a0Pacific and Caribbean Seas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3844,"parent":24096,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7405","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7405"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7405\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}