{"id":7363,"date":"2024-08-25T15:34:54","date_gmt":"2024-08-25T15:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=7363"},"modified":"2026-03-14T00:10:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T00:10:18","slug":"ecuador","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/destinations\/south-america\/ecuador\/","title":{"rendered":"Ecuador"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ecuador chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Colombia v\u00e0 Peru, n\u01a1i Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng bao quanh m\u1ed9t b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n hai ngh\u00ecn km. Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 283.571 km vu\u00f4ng\u2014bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn km\u2014n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi oi b\u1ee9c; nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Andes; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ecuador cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, c\u1ea3nh quan s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Theo k\u00fd \u1ee9c xa x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean vang v\u1ecdng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1n Inca. C\u00e1c t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp quanh c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4, khoai t\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t di\u00eam m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebdo t\u1eeb s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai l\u1eeda. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m, \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Inca \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam t\u1eeb Colombia, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1530. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1820, khi Guayaquil v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Gran Colombia, Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1830. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2u Phi do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Ecuador ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mestizos\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2014chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Andean v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng pha tr\u1ed9n, h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u00e2u Phi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam b\u1ee9c tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u01b0\u1eddi ba ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\u2014trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Quechua v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Shuar\u2014nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. \u1ede c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Kichwa; \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng xa x\u00f4i trong r\u1eebng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 Shuar b\u1ebf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

Khung ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Quito tu\u00e2n theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a: \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ca cao, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chu\u1ed1i; trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Ecuador ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2016, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, trong khi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 1,5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m\u2014m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Gini \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 0,55 xu\u1ed1ng 0,47, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thu nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Ecuador \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Mercosur v\u00e0 PROSUR coi Ecuador l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ean tham gia, ngay c\u1ea3 khi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong Phong tr\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft. C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh: qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ecuador n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c trong ph\u1ea1m vi 256.000 km2 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1ea3y ngh\u00ecn km2 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. H\u01a1n 1.640 lo\u00e0i chim bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi; h\u01a1n 4.500 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa; \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0, b\u00f2 s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quy m\u00f4 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos, n\u01a1i Darwin l\u01b0u tr\u00fa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1835 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2008, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u2014c\u1ea5p cho r\u1eebng, s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 vang v\u1ecdng kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. La Costa, v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n chu\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng Guayaquil. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Ruta del Sol ch\u1ea1y qua c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 b\u00e3i c\u00e1t mang \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, La Sierra bao g\u1ed3m x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean cao\u2014Quito \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2.850 m\u00e9t, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00fai cao; Cuenca, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00f3ng d\u00e0i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, trong khi \u1edf c\u00e1c p\u00e1ramos g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, frailejones\u2014nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y hoa th\u1ecb cao\u2014l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang vu l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1edd m\u1edd: \u0110\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n c\u1ee7a Cotopaxi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft, Chimborazo tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xa nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u00e2m Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t khi \u0111o theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 Cayambe n\u1eb1m ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kichua Amerindian truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7: d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nghi l\u1ec5 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, El Oriente lao v\u00e0o r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Amazon. Nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Napo v\u00e0 Pastaza ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1eafn, ca cao v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 qua r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh. B\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba: c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh Shuar n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i; Waorani, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng s\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Yasuni; v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00edt ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho kho b\u1ea1c qu\u1ed1c gia, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i l\u00ednh trong r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos, La Regi\u00f3n Insular, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u00f4 l\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u. M\u1ed7i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn\u2014t\u1eeb Santa Cruz \u0111\u1ebfn Isabela, t\u1eeb Fernandina \u0111\u1ebfn San Crist\u00f3bal\u2014\u0111\u1ec1u nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. K\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n g\u1eb7m t\u1ea3o, chim c\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u00f9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u00ea b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh th\u00e1i di\u1ec5n ra ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n: c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia, khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Sangay, m\u1ed9t Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng m\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Andes. Cajas Massif, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c cao nguy\u00ean. UNESCO c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Quito v\u00e0 khu ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Cuenca v\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac. C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 - \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 r\u01a1m toquilla, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "m\u0169 Panama" - ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, d\u00f9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Amazon hay \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Andes, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Du l\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean b\u0103ng qua d\u00e3y Andes \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chim c\u1ed1c ch\u00e2n xanh v\u00e0 chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t Gal\u00e1pagos. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Inca t\u1ea1i Ingapirca ho\u1eb7c lang thang trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Baroque c\u1ee7a Quito. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh n\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i Salinas v\u00e0 Monta\u00f1ita, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch th\u00edch phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u0111i b\u00e8 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng Andes ho\u1eb7c \u0111u d\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm. Ngay c\u1ea3 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft qu\u1ed1c gia - \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y - hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ch\u1edf h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch qua c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, \u0111an xen v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c li\u00ean M\u1ef9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea1i l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng "x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng" \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, r\u00fat \u200b\u200bng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c xa l\u1ed9 ven bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y t\u1eeb Guayaquil, trong khi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Quito v\u1edbi Cuenca, Quito v\u1edbi Gal\u00e1pagos v\u00e0 Quito v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Amazon. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf Ecuador t\u1eadp trung quanh n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. Quito, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2,8 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5. Guayaquil, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, gi\u1edd tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo S\u00f4ng Guayas nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cuenca\u2014m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\u2014c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1. Santo Domingo v\u00e0 Ambato, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a khu v\u1ef1c, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai.<\/p>\n

Xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o: m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a mestizo \u0111an xen nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa d\u00e2n gian trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 t\u1ec9nh g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ban Nha; c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n r\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft Andes; c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00fai v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u00f4ng. Trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n b\u1ee9c tranh phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ecuador kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb hay u \u00e1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh - c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng - gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch. \u0110i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n, b\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng xa l\u1ed9, l\u1eafng nghe ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p: c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ecuador: l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng thu nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n

Ecuador chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai m\u1ecfng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y. Trong ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u201cEcuador\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn l\u00e1i xe ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Quito s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn Ciudad Mitad del Mundo, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng eo c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

L\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, khu v\u1ef1c sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c di ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n b\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tinh t\u1ebf trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a theo m\u00f9a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f9ng cao v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 3000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Valdivia d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m tinh x\u1ea3o - m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 - h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mante\u00f1o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1, \u0111an xen c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ven bi\u1ec3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Cao tr\u00ean d\u00e3y Andes, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Quitu-Cara \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u1ea1 ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau tinh vi cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sau n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 di t\u00edch x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f9ng cao n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xen k\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha<\/h3>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Inca \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Ecuador. T\u1eeb Cuzco, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Nam M\u1ef9 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mong manh, v\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y Ban Nha d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Sebasti\u00e1n de Benalc\u00e1zar v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1534 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ec9nh Quito n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n

Trong ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, Quito v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Peru v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 New Granada. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2014l\u00faa m\u00ec, nho, m\u00eda\u2014v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan. C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd baroque l\u1edbn c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tinh x\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t peninsulares\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n sinh ra \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha\u2014l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 criollos (ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 mestizos, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u00e2u Phi. T\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Quito, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft Andes, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Criollo v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 Latinh. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1809, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Quito \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n danh qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y Ban Nha b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1820, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Guayaquil \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Antonio Jos\u00e9 de Sucre \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Gran Colombia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Tr\u1eadn Pichincha, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai ph\u00eda tr\u00ean Quito. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar v\u1ec1 Gran Colombia.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 doanh thu, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda nam r\u00fat lui v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1830, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ecuador. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc non tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c caudillo \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do<\/h3>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gia t\u0103ng gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi tinh hoa b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 - li\u00ean minh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o - v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Eloy Alfaro n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1890 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u0103m 1895, C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: n\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, cho ph\u00e9p ly h\u00f4n, th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray xe l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Sierra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng ven bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 ca cao t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng Andes \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y - gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n - s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5<\/h3>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Peru. Chi\u1ebfn tranh Ecuador-Peru n\u0103m 1941, tuy ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Rio, nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t tranh ch\u1ea5p d\u1ecdc theo bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 - c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 - \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean g\u1ed7, kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1998, th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Brasilia, c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c giao tranh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a Ecuador \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1925 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1948, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bhai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu; nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt d\u00e2n t\u00fay lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean khai th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c xung l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba - di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n - \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady n\u0103m 1990, khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00f9ng Cao nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 Amazon huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c song ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Amazon l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/h3>\n

V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Amazon r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, v\u1eeba h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1eeba g\u00e2y lo ng\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra doanh thu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 di d\u1eddi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng Peru n\u0103m 1995 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m trong th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u0103m 1998 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\u2014k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c tham v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb l\u1ee3i \u00edch nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1972, T\u01b0\u1edbng Guillermo Rodr\u00edguez Lara l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Velasco Ibarra. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh v\u00ec l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y s\u1edbm ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. Khi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gia t\u0103ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Jaime Rold\u00f3s Aguilera.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/h3>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1979 tr\u1edf \u0111i, Ecuador duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecf ra mong manh. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Rold\u00f3s\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n\u2014\u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n m\u00e1y bay n\u0103m 1981 trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i c\u1ea5p cao, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999\u20132000 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 la h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5i sucre l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 theo t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2006, Rafael Correa l\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t. Nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Len\u00edn Moreno, \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y sau khi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m Correa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo th\u1eddi gian, Moreno \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, Ecuador \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c dai d\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. B\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb - n\u01a1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh - v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u00e1c li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb doanh thu t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng Andes v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh di s\u1ea3n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y\u2014s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2014hi\u1ec7n nay cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho du l\u1ecbch v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Quito, m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Baroque v\u00e0 ban c\u00f4ng g\u1ed7 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc. R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng Amazon thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 sinh th\u00e1i d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u1ed5, n\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u01a1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ngang nhau trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ecuador kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi tranh ch\u1ea5p\u2014\u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3: v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u1eeba ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi n\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n vinh c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/h2>\n

Ecuador m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebd n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n, n\u00fai, r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o, m\u1ed7i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang. Quan s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u, l\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n c\u00f5i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

T\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1n r\u1eebng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Ecuador c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n (La Costa)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng, ch\u1ea1y song song v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ecuador. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y ca cao\u2014c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a theo m\u00f9a, duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u xanh. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i nh\u1ecf, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 m\u1eb7n l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u1ecd, mang theo c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

2. Cao nguy\u00ean Andes (La Sierra)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u00f4 l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, hai d\u00e3y n\u00fai song song v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co, leo l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 2.800 m\u00e9t t\u1ea1i Quito, tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Khu ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Andes, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p nh\u00e0 th\u1edd xuy\u00ean qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ecfng manh, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u00f2n tan. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eadc thang u\u1ed1n cong quanh s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i, n\u01a1i khoai t\u00e2y v\u00e0 ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u2014Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, Tungurahua\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i; ti\u1ebfng \u1ea7m \u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng h\u00fat ch\u00ecm b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

3. L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Amazon (El Oriente)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a S\u00f4ng Amazon. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng xuy\u00ean qua t\u00e1n c\u00e2y h\u00ecnh v\u00f2m, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean s\u00e0n r\u1eebng. B\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd xanh n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Napo v\u00e0 Pastaza u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua nh\u1eefng l\u00f9m c\u00e2y b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u00f4ng g\u1ea1o cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 k\u00eau t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eadu \u1ea9n n\u00fap, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa\u2014b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m, l\u1ee3n v\u00f2i, kh\u1ec9 r\u00fa\u2014di chuy\u1ec3n qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e9n l\u00fat. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u; vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 doanh thu v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u0103n b\u1eafn c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y qua c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

4. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn km ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i t\u0103m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Charles Darwin l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; r\u00f9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u00ea b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i, k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n t\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong dung nham \u1ea5m \u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 chim s\u1ebb, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o, th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n, b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111en; h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i l\u1edbn l\u00ean gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y\u2014ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u0169ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 r\u1eebng cao nguy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1nh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/h3>\n

Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Ecuador th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Amazon c\u00f3 chung nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1edfi gi\u00f3 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng tr\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0m ng\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u00f9a v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: n\u1eeda n\u0103m \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u1eeda n\u0103m kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede v\u00f9ng cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao. S\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Quito c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1edfi b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c nh\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u1ecbch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch xoay quanh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos, d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Humboldt ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc t\u1eeb Nam \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1edd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 theo m\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 gar\u00faa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a ph\u00f9n nh\u1eb9 n\u00e0y nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e2y x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3ng palo santo v\u00e0 c\u00e2y x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3ng nham th\u1ea1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 chim di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

Ecuador \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 16.000 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch, h\u01a1n 1.600 lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

\u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ven bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim n\u01b0\u1edbc di c\u01b0, trong khi c\u00e1c r\u00eca r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n che ch\u1edf cho c\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c non. \u1ede d\u00e3y Andes, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf paramo\u2014v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i\u2014l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7m gi\u1eef \u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chim ru\u1ed3i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u01b0\u1edbm, hoa lan v\u00e0 d\u01a1i th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho ch\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng. \u1ede qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebb Darwin minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong r\u1eebng m\u00e2y Andes ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u0103ng tan t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. R\u1eebng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp carbon, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. \u1ede l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng chia \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang r\u1eebng, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng - do khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 khai hoang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ecf - l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1eeda; ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng theo m\u00f9a. D\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c canh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Gal\u00e1pagos, du l\u1ecbch cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang theo c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n\u2014g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m, ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. T\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tr\u1ed1n v\u00e9 l\u1ecdt qua, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n

Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft d\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia\u2014Yasun\u00ed \u1edf Amazon, Cotopaxi v\u00e0 Sangay \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean\u2014t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 theo m\u00f9a v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gen.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Oriente, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yasun\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, trong khi quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp\u2014t\u00e1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoan.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Gal\u00e1pagos tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. C\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng r\u00f9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ef9 Charles Darwin h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean 3.000 m\u00e9t \u1edf Sierra, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00e1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u1ecf b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t. \u1ede c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Quito, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\u2014tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ecuador kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp; ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y thu ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 v\u00f9ng cao. Doanh thu t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi chi ph\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00fap t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a chim s\u1ebb \u1edf Gal\u00e1pagos \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng r\u1eebng Amazon b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ee9a; m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u00e8o nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Andes v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu \u0111ang g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf; m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng Amazon \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a Ecuador.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

Ecuador chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c. Qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ph\u00e1t sinh khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng doanh thu t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 Latinh theo quy m\u00f4, thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ecuador t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u: d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed1i t\u00e2y, t\u00f4m nu\u00f4i, v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f4 la h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c xanh \u0111\u00e3 neo gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Doanh thu t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. \u0110\u00f4i khi, d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng hai ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m doanh thu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xung quanh m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn; s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch khai th\u00e1c thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn. Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 \u1edf c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh lang b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng; c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 sinh k\u1ebf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ecuador tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Chu\u1ed1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong ngu\u1ed3n cung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i theo h\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c si\u00eau th\u1ecb xa x\u00f4i. \u00cdt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n, ca cao Ecuador l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la h\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00ec h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u01b0a x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i Andes v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh. C\u00f9ng nhau, nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf r\u00eca c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos\u2014n\u01a1i Charles Darwin l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebb s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u2014thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mong manh. Du kh\u00e1ch b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng con k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u1eafm n\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng dung nham c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u01b0 t\u1eed bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m d\u00e0i tr\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi n\u1edf \u0111ang h\u1ecdc b\u01a1i. Ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

\u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, tr\u00e1i tim thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Quito l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Latinh. Nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p nh\u00e0 th\u1edd cao v\u00fat, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7 th\u1edd d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng; c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 retablos t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i giao th\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 N\u00fai l\u1eeda\u201d v\u1ea1ch ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh lang cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft. Cotopaxi, cao h\u01a1n 5.800 m\u00e9t, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n tro m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai th\u1eed s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m khoa h\u1ecdc theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng fumarolic \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Chimborazo, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: d\u00e3y n\u00fai ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i xa h\u01a1n t\u1eeb t\u00e2m Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Amazon tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng quanh co. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0o khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con v\u1eb9t \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ean cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ee3n v\u00f2i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Quechua ho\u1eb7c Shuar gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee7 chicha, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao kinh t\u1ebf song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n b\u1eeba b\u00e3i v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e3i c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i ven bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 Monta\u00f1ita v\u00e0 Salinas s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i theo m\u00f9a, trong khi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n y\u00ean t\u0129nh h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i nh\u1ecf, n\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o b\u1eb1ng tay v\u00e0 ceviche \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ngay t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n boutique \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n m\u1ecfng manh v\u00e0 b\u00e3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a r\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Trong khi du l\u1ecbch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp thay th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t may - t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00f4. C\u00e1c khu kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u1eabn t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a tham v\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ecuador n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Quito, Guayaquil v\u00e0 Cuenca \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Qu\u1ef9 Charles Darwin, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Puerto Ayora tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3o Santa Cruz, \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 h\u1ea3i s\u00e2m, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn th\u1ebb k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bn\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o minh h\u1ecda cho c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng Andes cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u2014c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\u2014cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c tua bin gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c \u0111an xen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 di t\u00edch t\u0129nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cho du l\u1ecbch v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ecuador kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i dung h\u00f2a di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f4 la h\u00f3a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. D\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh cho chi ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u00edt carbon h\u01a1n. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Du l\u1ecbch mang l\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u1ecfng manh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ecuador \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e3 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p\u2014v\u00e0 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i\u2014v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ecuador n\u1eb1m \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ecuador m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i \u0111an xen, m\u1ed7i s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c, th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mestizo\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n \u0111an xen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Montubio d\u1ecdc theo v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador g\u1ed1c Phi c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4ng qua cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng duy tr\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7\u201471,9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi mestizo, 7,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Montubio, 7,2 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador g\u1ed1c Phi, 7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, 6,1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 0,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2014nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y che gi\u1ea5u t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i danh t\u00ednh theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Montubio xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ven bi\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i mestizo r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ecf, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 yucca g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u1ede nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 Jipijapa ho\u1eb7c Tosagua, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn xoay quanh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014giai \u0111i\u1ec7u marimba, b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n zapateo\u2014ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf Ecuador t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc: m\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador g\u1ed1c Phi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb T\u1ec9nh Esmeraldas, n\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh quan ven s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Theo th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u s\u1eabm\u2014n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0103n m\u1eebng nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c bomba, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1eddi ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Ecuador l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf v\u00f9ng cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Quechua.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Quechua, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Inca v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n Inca, duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo gi\u1eef trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Andes\u2014\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 3.000 m\u00e9t\u2014c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang n\u01a1i c\u1ee7, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Chimborazo v\u00e0 Cotopaxi duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 d\u1ec7t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 th\u00e1ng, bi\u1ebfn len c\u1eebu th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 manta c\u00f3 hoa v\u0103n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Quechua c\u0169ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 song ng\u1eef n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\u2014Kichwa (m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Quechua) v\u00e0 Shuar\u2014l\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d. S\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia: ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Siona, Secoya, Achuar v\u00e0 Waorani, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng s\u00e2u trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n: m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Quito, Guayaquil v\u00e0 Cuenca. T\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch\u2014c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n \u1edf Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ven bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Anh\u2014v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ga s\u00e2n bay ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, Ecuador v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 28 tu\u1ed5i khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh cao trong n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. \u1ede c\u00e1c khu ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 c\u1ee7a Quito, c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n pha v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u1ed3n \u00e0o v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng rao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a thanh ni\u00ean s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n cao tu\u1ed5i - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 75 - \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u v\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. \u1ede c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Cuenca, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0u tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, trong khi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean khi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ecuador t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo gi\u1eef b\u1edfi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. Theo m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u0103m 2012, c\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador th\u00ec c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n: \u1edf Latacunga, m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Bas\u00edlica de la Merced ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o, trong khi \u1edf Guano, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n gian ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 th\u1edd tinh x\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec7u Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Tin l\u00e0nh - m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n - \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c, trong khi g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2008 v\u1ec1 Ecuador l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a dung h\u1ee3p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean trung t\u00e2m, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t ng\u00f4, n\u1ebfn v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u whisky \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho Pacha Mama\u2014\u201cM\u1eb9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d\u2014ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nghi l\u1ec5. D\u1ecdc theo r\u00eca Amazon, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh Shuar k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 nghi l\u1ec5 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o khi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ecuador cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Quechua l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha; ch\u00e1u g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Kichwa b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh sinh h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador g\u1ed1c Phi \u1edf Esmeraldas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean trong nghi l\u1ec5 bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tin t\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; ch\u00fang h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c chung v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ecuador ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n - \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng - th\u00ec c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111ang gi\u00e0 \u0111i v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn giao ti\u1ebfp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef v\u1eefng c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. Trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Kichwa v\u00e0 Shuar, t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ecuador kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u0129nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng - m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 di s\u1ea3n hay t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \/ Nh\u00f3m<\/th>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \/ Ghi ch\u00fa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td>\nMestizo (lai gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng)<\/td>\n71.9 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMontubio (n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ecf ven bi\u1ec3n)<\/td>\n7.4 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi Phi-Ecuador<\/td>\n7.2 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n7.0 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nTr\u1eafng<\/td>\n6.1 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nKh\u00e1c<\/td>\n0.4 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n~ 28 n\u0103m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nXu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/td>\nT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh gi\u1ea3m; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u00ean 60 tu\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng; thanh ni\u00ean di c\u01b0 ra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/strong><\/td>\nTi\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha<\/td>\nCh\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u (bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 Quechua khu v\u1ef1c)<\/td>\n\u201cNg\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d theo hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng<\/td>\n\u201cNg\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d theo hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nC\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Siona, Secoya, Achuar, Waorani)<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf Amazon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nTi\u1ebfng Anh<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong du l\u1ecbch (Gal\u00e1pagos, c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ven bi\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3<\/td>\n74 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nTin L\u00e0nh<\/td>\n10.4 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nNh\u00e2n Ch\u1ee9ng Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va<\/td>\n1.2 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nC\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c<\/td>\n6.4 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/td>\n8.0 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\nL\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Montubio<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n, nh\u1ea1c marimba, \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y zapateo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nDi s\u1ea3n Afro-Ecuadorian<\/td>\nNh\u1ea1c Bomba, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf, l\u1ec5 thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nTruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng cao Quechua<\/td>\nN\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang Andes, d\u1ec7t len \u200b\u200b(ponchos, mantas), s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 v\u1edbi Pachamama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 dung h\u1ee3p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/td>\nL\u1ec5 v\u1eadt Pacha Mama ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o; nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh Shuar k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V\u0103n ho\u00e1<\/h2>\n

N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ecuador tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng minh ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong t\u1eebng n\u00e9t c\u1ecd, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u, trang gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a nh\u1ea1c, di s\u1ea3n \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean: s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ban Nha, l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m thanh, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ecuador\u2014b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/h3>\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u1edf Ecuador c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Valdivia v\u00e0 Machalilla. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng mang c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ed1m tinh vi v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc nghi l\u1ec5 \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Quito, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Quito\u2014ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII\u2014\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Miguel de Santiago \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Andes: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu \u0111i, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng trong n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Bernardo de Legarda \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trinh nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ea3i m\u1ecfng manh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ecdn t\u00f3c xo\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh tinh x\u1ea3o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 xa hoa c\u1ee7a phong c\u00e1ch Baroque v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, h\u1ecda s\u0129 Oswaldo Guayasam\u00edn n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u2014nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea5t son u \u00e1m, \u0111en v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf th\u1eabm\u2014\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh minh ch\u1ee9ng cho n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 La Edad de la Ira (Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9), nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0129nh c\u1eedu ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. T\u1ea7m v\u00f3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Guayasam\u00edn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1: m\u1ed7i b\u00e0n tay gi\u01a1 l\u00ean, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft tr\u0169ng s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc Ecuador ng\u00e0y nay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Irving Mateo l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y\u2014kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, g\u1ed7 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t, m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2014th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0111an xen tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu video v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ecuador\u2014cao nguy\u00ean Andes, ven bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Amazon\u2014h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00fai non v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, pasillo ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, pasillo b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c khi\u00eau v\u0169 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng guitar c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111an xen v\u00e0o giai \u0111i\u1ec7u gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Esmeraldas, nh\u1ea1c marimba xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi-Ecuador. C\u00e1c ph\u00edm g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f5 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 g\u00f5 nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng, g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i vui t\u01b0\u01a1i. C\u00e1c ca s\u0129 ng\u00e2m nga l\u1eddi b\u00e0i h\u00e1t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef Quechua, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Creole, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t bao b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Amazon, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: rondador, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 k\u00e8n panpipe, ph\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng h\u01a1i th\u1edf ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111a nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Ecuador hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia. Ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 piano ki\u00eam nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng Jorge Luis Prats \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m nh\u1ea1c rock-folk La M\u00e1quina del Tiempo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u d\u00e2n gian b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0n ghi-ta \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Trong gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00e1c DJ nh\u01b0 DJ Dark \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi \u00e2m tr\u1ea7m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u00e2m c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n vinh gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean trong khi v\u1eabn vang v\u1ecdng tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u1ea3y to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ecuador b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n th\u01b0 t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Juan Montalvo, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, \u0111\u00e3 tung ra c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tinh hoa tham nh\u0169ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n s\u00e2u cay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng - \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u00ed d\u1ecfm c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang - \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1934, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia Jorge Icaza \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Huasipungo, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1n trang latifundia. V\u1edbi v\u0103n xu\u00f4i gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang, Icaza \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c, s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. B\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia Jorge Enrique Adoum \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Trong Entre Marx y Una Mujer Desnuda (Gi\u1eefa Marx v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea1nh khao kh\u00e1t khi\u00eau d\u00e2m, g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u01b0 Leonardo Valencia \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 si\u00eau b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ai\u2014trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng\u2014l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador\u201d. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n c\u1ee7a Ecuador tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, locro de papa l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Andean. Khoai t\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nhuy\u1ec5n m\u1ecbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u01a1 th\u00e1i h\u1ea1t l\u1ef1u v\u00e0 ph\u00f4 mai v\u1ee5n\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, ceviche bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh m\u00f3n khai v\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb cam chanh. Nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng c\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1i \u01b0\u1edbp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1t chanh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ecbt c\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee5c; ng\u00f2 r\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y th\u00e1i nh\u1ecf th\u00eam h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n k\u00e8m v\u1edbi ng\u00f4 n\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c khoai t\u00e2y chi\u00ean gi\u00f2n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. M\u00f3n encebollado, m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb v\u00e0 s\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vui mu\u1ed9n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cay n\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafn m\u1ec1m mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00f9ng cao, chu\u1ed9t lang n\u01b0\u1edbng\u2014cuy\u2014v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n ngon theo m\u00f9a, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean con. Th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ven s\u00f4ng Amazon, du kh\u00e1ch b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c\u2014camu camu, pijuayo\u2014v\u00e0 m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m c\u00e1 ng\u00e2m v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u c\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed di c\u01b0, sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng anh h\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea, b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia nam Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn chung k\u1ebft World Cup c\u1ee7a FIFA v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2002, 2006 v\u00e0 2014, nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch chung. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 Barcelona SC c\u1ee7a Guayaquil v\u00e0 LDU Quito \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ecd kh\u1eafc m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2n c\u1ecf, b\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec1n, b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong m\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh, huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Jefferson P\u00e9rez \u1edf n\u1ed9i dung \u0111i b\u1ed9 20 km t\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i Olympic Atlanta n\u0103m 1996 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Ecuador k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 Richard Carapaz, th\u0103ng h\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh danh hi\u1ec7u Giro d'Italia n\u0103m 2019, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady th\u00eam s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao hai b\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n c\u01b0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. Pelota nacional, v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1i ch\u00e8o g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean s\u00e2n m\u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 Andes. Lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng bang, m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

L\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ecuador \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f3 nghi l\u1ec5 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111an xen. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6, Inti Raymi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi l\u1ec5 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Andean: l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9m l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd tr\u00ean cao, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 h\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh vang v\u1ecdng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o n\u00fai. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n Inca.<\/p>\n

Carnival\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc M\u00f9a Chay\u2014k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Quito \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 ven bi\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vui ch\u01a1i b\u00f4i b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 v\u00f2i phun, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng vui t\u01b0\u01a1i. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12, Fiestas de Quito k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1534: c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169, c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f2 g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y Ban Nha (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp trong c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 rayuela, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng bi ve.<\/p>\n

L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Mama Negra c\u1ee7a Latacunga, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u00f3a trang \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Phi tham gia c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng Andean b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef theo phong c\u00e1ch T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n vinh c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 dung h\u1ee3p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a trang, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n vinh d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3nh quan truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a Ecuador bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Rafael Correa (2007\u20132017), c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, Lu\u1eadt Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u0103m 2013 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i dung; tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do bi\u00ean t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 Twitter v\u00e0 Facebook tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c podcast - do c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t - cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ecuador\u2014d\u00f9 l\u00e0 qua s\u1eafc t\u1ed1, l\u1eddi ca, c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb\u2014ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng s\u00e1o pan l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn rap l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh cho c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, b\u1ee9c tranh v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n c\u1ee7a giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o neon v\u00e0 n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un s\u00f4i ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, Ecuador kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng kho b\u00e1u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt hay l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i\u2014qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i ch\u01b0a tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ecuador: B\u1ed1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ecuador<\/h2>\n

Ecuador tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua b\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan: nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng cao v\u00fat c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a Amazon v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Galapagos \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c. Du h\u00e0nh qua qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2014m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ph\u1ee7 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng r\u1eadm ven s\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. Trong su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, b\u1edfi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean: Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Galapagos<\/h3>\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u1eeda. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Galapagos n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ecuador kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda nh\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi bi\u1ec3n. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng con r\u00f9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u00ea b\u01b0\u1edbc qua v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm, mai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7 do h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng con k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n, ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111en, g\u1eb7m t\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Nh\u1eefng con chim c\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf, \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. V\u00e0 d\u00e0n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con chim s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Darwin\u2014m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc m\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i gi\u0169a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o\u2014t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00ed. C\u00e1t \u1edf Rabida ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 cho bi\u1ec3n xanh coban v\u00e0 m\u00ea cung \u0111en c\u1ee7a v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 bazan. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Bartolom\u00e9, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nham th\u1ea1ch gai nh\u1ecdn nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y \u00f4 liu, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 v\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecf. Tr\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c: r\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh canh im l\u1eb7ng, s\u01b0 t\u1eed bi\u1ec3n vui t\u01b0\u01a1i xoay tr\u00f2n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng v\u0169 c\u00f4ng san h\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4, v\u00e0 c\u00e1 \u0111u\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbt qua nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i c\u00e1t ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh hoa tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. Thuy\u1ec1n neo v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh; gi\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u. N\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed7i du kh\u00e1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m mong manh\u2014m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y mai.<\/p>\n

Sierra: Cao nguy\u00ean Andes v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/h3>\n

X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ecuador, d\u00e3y Andes, ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc-nam qua trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Sierra. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi: h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Cotopaxi, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Chimborazo\u2014\u0111i\u1ec3m xa nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh tinh\u2014v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u1ea7m \u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Tungurahua.<\/p>\n

Quito: Trung t\u00e2m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h4>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 cao 9.350 feet so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, Quito chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t th\u1ec1m cao so v\u1edbi s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u1eabn h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i tr\u1eafng bao quanh c\u00e1c s\u00e2n hi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y hoa phong l\u1eef; nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd theo phong c\u00e1ch baroque. B\u00ean trong La Compa\u00f1\u00eda de Jes\u00fas, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed7 d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch; g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n nghi\u00eam trang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn bao quanh Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Plaza de la Independencia, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111an xen v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 vui t\u01b0\u01a1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng-t\u00e2y c\u1eaft ngang c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

Cuenca v\u00e0 Ingapirca: Ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ba tr\u0103m km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, Cuenca n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1ee3p g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p nh\u00e0 th\u1edd cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ebb h\u00f9ng v\u0129 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eebng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3; ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i d\u1ea1o tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ven s\u00f4ng r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y du v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb1ng sau v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ingapirca, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 Inca v\u00e0 Ca\u00f1ari tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111an xen v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c v\u1eefa d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i. \u0110\u1ec1n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u2014m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i andesit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng\u2014tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u1ea1 ch\u00ed, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda sau n\u00fai l\u1eeda<\/h4>\n

V\u00e0o l\u00fac r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng \u1edf Otavalo, nh\u1eefng gian h\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m ch\u0103n s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m d\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u n\u1eafng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecf chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng len. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, ti\u1ebfng Kichwa v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd vang l\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, Ba\u00f1os n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng cao l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Tungurahua. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt \u1edf r\u00eca th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c xoa d\u1ecbu cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u00e1n c\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n b\u00e1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2y, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng khoai t\u00e2y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang v\u00e0o s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n c\u1eebu ch\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n gia s\u00fac b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n k\u1ec1n k\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng: S\u00f3ng, m\u00f9a g\u1eb7t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u1ea3ng<\/h3>\n

R\u00eca ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ecuador \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 1.400 d\u1eb7m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m \u00e1p, c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u k\u00eau c\u00f3t k\u00e9t, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Guayaquil, nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Guayaquil: C\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1ea1o<\/h4>\n

Malec\u00f3n 2000 c\u1ee7a Guayaquil tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo S\u00f4ng Guayas, nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y ceiba v\u00e0 c\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 len l\u1ecfi gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u xa xa nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kho thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng khu ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Las Pe\u00f1as tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean Cerro Santa Ana, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7u thang h\u1eb9p v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0u ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi qu\u1eadn \u0111ang th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n cho m\u1ecdi t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng<\/h4>\n

Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecf h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. Monta\u00f1ita thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9: v\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c, ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c du d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n bar tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i theo phong c\u00e1ch bohemian tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Machalilla, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i c\u00e1t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng l\u00f9m \u00f4 liu h\u00f2a v\u00e0o r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1 voi l\u01b0ng g\u00f9 di c\u01b0 ra xa b\u1edd t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9, h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc phun ra c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n<\/h4>\n

\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u tr\u00f4i qua. Ceviche \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e1t c\u00e1 \u201cn\u1ea5u ch\u00edn\u201d c\u00f3 v\u1ecb cam chanh, n\u00eam v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y, rau m\u00f9i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u1edbt. Encocado k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 v\u1edbi kem d\u1eeba, chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb nh\u1eb9\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n Afro-Ecuadorian. D\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; nh\u1eefng con b\u1ed3 n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7c bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u v\u1ee5n. C\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u00e1 thu, c\u00e1 m\u00fa v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c, th\u01a1m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng: L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Amazon<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ecuador n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e3y Andes, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00edt tia n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi s\u00e0n r\u1eebng. R\u1eebng Amazon, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Oriente, ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ai t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa kh\u1ec9 r\u00fa r\u00edt v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa v\u1eb9t \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1eaft l\u00e1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecf xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Yasuni v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa<\/h4>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yasuni \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 600 lo\u00e0i chim chia s\u1ebb l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u1edbi b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m, l\u1ee3n v\u00f2i v\u00e0 c\u00e1 heo s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng - th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Huaorani ho\u1eb7c Kichwa - d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i s\u0103n \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u caiman, m\u00e8o g\u1ea5m v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1eb1ng xu\u1ed3ng d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng Napo v\u00e0 Tiputini ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u00eanh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng: hoa s\u00fang n\u1edf, hoa lan b\u00e1m tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau \u00eam d\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con hoatzin tr\u00f4i tr\u00ean cao.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i<\/h4>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, c\u00e2y yucca v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecd thu\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean v\u1ecf c\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00fap l\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u01a1i du kh\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh m\u00ec s\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 nung, \u0111an gi\u1ecf t\u1eeb c\u00e2y c\u1ecd chambira ho\u1eb7c theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i l\u1ee3n v\u00f2i qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111an xen.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 sinh th\u00e1i\u2014t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y\u2014ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p: n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Doanh thu t\u1eeb du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n tra b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u00fa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay v\u00ec x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n

B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u00ed m\u1eadt, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

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  • Mindo: \u1ede r\u00eca ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng m\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd c\u00e1c tour ng\u1eafm chim v\u00e0 s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la. H\u01a1n 500 lo\u00e0i chim bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y d\u1ee9a c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 hoa lan, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng h\u1eb9p m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n phao v\u00e0 \u0111u d\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
  • Puerto L\u00f3pez: M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng ven bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 pangas v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n ng\u1eafm c\u00e1 voi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, Isla de la Plata\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Galapagos c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u201d\u2014l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim \u0111i\u00ean ch\u00e2n xanh, chim c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111u\u00f4i \u00e9n d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n.<\/li>\n
  • Vilcabamba: \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda Nam, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai. Du kh\u00e1ch theo \u0111u\u1ed5i huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u201cThung l\u0169ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd\u201d gi\u1eefa kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a, su\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y s\u00fap l\u01a1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u00e1c l\u00f9m c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hoang d\u00e3: C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Ecuador<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Ecuador ch\u1ee9ng minh cho tham v\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 Cuyabeno: \u1ede l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Amazon, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y quanh co gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1 heo s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u1edbt d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9; l\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ee7 g\u1eadt tr\u00ean t\u00e1n c\u00e2y; tr\u0103n Nam M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1eddn qua c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00e2m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Cotopaxi: Bao quanh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c b\u0103ng t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf paramo v\u00e0 ch\u00f3p n\u00fai ma qu\u00e1i Cotopaxi, d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Sangay: Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Amazon \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng Andes. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i tre r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y hoa lupine, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng khu r\u1eebng m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7y chim ru\u1ed3i v\u00e0 chim tucan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Ecuador, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i giao thoa gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Quito \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t palimpsest s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang Inca v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Ban Nha trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean s\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con h\u1ebbm h\u1eb9p; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong len l\u1ecfi gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh trong b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u.<\/li>\n
      • Guayaquil tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i - nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc l\u00ean b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cao c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ven s\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng km, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chim c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • Cuenca v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trau chu\u1ed1t. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n serenade guitar vang l\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1; nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n da trong c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng y\u00ean ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y cao g\u00f3t tinh x\u1ea3o; c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
      • Ba\u00f1os, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Tungurahua. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la n\u00f3ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe m\u00e1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t zip-line \u1edf h\u1ebbm n\u00fai; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd quanh qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i b\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i; v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f4i khi in d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecf th\u1eafm tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
      • Otavalo, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng n\u00fai l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 d\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khung c\u1eedi nh\u1ecf v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hoa v\u0103n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u2014h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V\u00e0o trong<\/h2>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Ecuador m\u1edf ra cho du kh\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u2014 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y \u2014 m\u1ed7i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

        Visa v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd<\/h3>\n

        H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Ecuador m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u0103m d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch n\u00e0o. Quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i xin th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Afghanistan, Cuba, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nigeria v\u00e0 Syria ph\u1ea3i xin th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Cuba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1eefa: th\u01b0 m\u1eddi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Ecuador x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh lu\u1ed3ng di c\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Cuba c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n Ecuador.<\/p>\n

        T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 du kh\u00e1ch, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau ng\u00e0y d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ti\u1ebfp theo ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u00fa d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n

        Kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb hai trung t\u00e2m: S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Mariscal Sucre (UIO) \u1edf Quito v\u00e0 S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn de Olmedo (GYE) \u1edf Guayaquil.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede Quito, s\u00e2n bay m\u1ecdc l\u00ean gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng cao nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Tababela, c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kho\u1ea3ng 30 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co quanh n\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quanh co, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 chuy\u1ebfn bay qua \u0111\u00eam th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf Tababela ho\u1eb7c Puembo g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e1i xe d\u00e0i v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

        S\u00e2n bay Guayaquil, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u00e0 ga h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n bay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Galapagos, c\u00f3 hai s\u00e2n bay b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng: S\u00e2n bay Seymour c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3o Baltra v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a San Crist\u00f3bal. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh qua Quito ho\u1eb7c Guayaquil. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn bay ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd theo m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh lang kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u00f9i mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eb1m ngay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong gi\u00e1 v\u00e9: kho\u1ea3ng 40,80 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Quito v\u00e0 26 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Guayaquil. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ebb l\u00ean m\u00e1y bay, kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

        Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

        Ecuador c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Colombia \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 Peru \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an ninh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, c\u1ea7u Rumichaca g\u1ea7n Tulc\u00e1n v\u00e0 Ipiales v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m h\u1ea3i quan t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp thung l\u0169ng xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed Andes lo\u00e3ng d\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i thay th\u1ebf cho Amazonian t\u1ea1i San Miguel t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, do \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u00e8o ven bi\u1ec3n Huaquillas\u2014k\u1ebf b\u00ean Machala\u2014ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i Peru, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u Macar\u00e1 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00ean t\u0129nh h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 theo \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

        Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn S\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

        Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Ecuador m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c. \u1ede r\u00eca Amazon, c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Napo v\u00e0 Aguarico v\u1ea1ch ra c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qua khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c. Canoe v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch th\u00edch phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, c\u1eaft qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ea3m r\u1eebng che ch\u1edf cho l\u1ee3n v\u00f2i, v\u1eb9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i cao su tr\u00f4i ch\u1eadm. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh linh ho\u1ea1t, v\u00ec m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. D\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/h3>\n

        Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean cao gi\u1eefa d\u00e3y Andes, b\u0103ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi hay \u0111i qua d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng r\u1eebng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Ecuador kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quan t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eebng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Khi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y\u2014th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, thu\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh\u2014du kh\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua. V\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eabn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i xung quanh<\/h2>\n

        Ecuador l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u00e0o, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u si\u00eau t\u1ed1c hay l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n, ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe tr\u00ean v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed5 m\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh minh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt d\u00e0i, ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i quanh co qua nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1edf. Du l\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt.<\/p>\n

        Vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a xe bu\u00fdt trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ecuador<\/h3>\n

        \u0110i xe bu\u00fdt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd b\u00ean l\u1ec1 \u1edf Ecuador; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u1ede m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n \u00e1nh n\u1eafng, xe bu\u00fdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng do d\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch eo h\u1eb9p, xe bu\u00fdt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung quanh m\u1ed9t \u201cterminal terrestre\u201d, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ga n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean xe v\u00e0 \u0111i.<\/p>\n

        V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng Ecuador: c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i b\u1ecdc nh\u1ef1a, nh\u1eefng thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean ngh\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 qu\u1ea5n kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng \u00f4m nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecf tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c gia c\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

        R\u1ebb, d\u1ec5 th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 phong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ng\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n

        Gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p\u2014kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn hai \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111i d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng hay b\u0103ng qua d\u00e3y Andes. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chi h\u01a1n 15 \u0111\u00f4 la cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0o tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

        V\u00e0 quang c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec sao? V\u1eeba kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba h\u00f9ng v\u0129. Khi ra kh\u1ecfi Quito, xe bu\u00fdt lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e0n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu \u0111ang g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y tuy\u1ebft. \u1ede v\u00f9ng Oriente, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng khu r\u1eebng m\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u00eau, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 trong t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i, lo\u00e3ng h\u01a1n, \u1ea9m h\u01a1n, \u1ea5m h\u01a1n\u2014nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed9 cao c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111au tai, l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf Sierra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nhai l\u00e1 coca ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u1ea7m ch\u1eb7t chai n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m, kinh ng\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

        H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1: S\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1edf gi\u1eefa<\/h3>\n

        \u0110i xe bu\u00fdt \u1edf Ecuador mang t\u00ednh tham gia nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00e0i x\u1ebf d\u1eebng xe kh\u00f4ng theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean xe t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh empanada \u1ea5m, nh\u1eefng t\u00fai khoai t\u00e2y chi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c cola l\u1ea1nh. Nghi th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 giao tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eebng xe.<\/p>\n

        N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u201cEjecutivo\u201d cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u00edt d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Transportes Loja, Reina del Camino v\u00e0 Occidental ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 an to\u00e0n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t khi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qua \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n

        Thu\u00ea xe: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00e1nh xa m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi xe bu\u00fdt, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho thu\u00ea xe h\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 thi. C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Quito, Guayaquil v\u00e0 Cuenca, xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n s\u00e2n bay ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e1i xe \u1edf Ecuador kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p nhanh ch\u00f3ng\u2014s\u1ecfi l\u00fan, kh\u00fac cua khu\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00f3 g\u1ea7m cao kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 xa x\u1ec9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u201cmuros\u201d (g\u1edd gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c l\u1edbn) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe mui k\u00edn th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

        Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 30 km\/h c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 ba \u0111\u00eam\u2014kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Lu\u00f4n mang theo gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea3n sao s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

        Hai b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf: Xe m\u00e1y v\u00e0 xe tay ga<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, Ecuador c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb gh\u1ebf xe m\u00e1y. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho thu\u00ea c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu xe 150cc khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe 1050cc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00fai v\u00e0 b\u0103ng qua s\u00f4ng. Ecuador Freedom Bike Rental \u1edf Quito l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 uy t\u00edn, cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

        Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u2014t\u1eeb 29 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y cho xe \u0111\u1ea1p h\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 200 \u0111\u00f4 la cho xe du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb xe m\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

        V\u00e0 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 xe \u0111\u1ea1p trong nh\u00e0. Tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1ed9t gara c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc x\u00edch tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

        Taxi: \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, theo phong c\u00e1ch Ecuador<\/h3>\n

        Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, taxi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eaft. \u1ede Quito, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 1 \u0111\u00f4 la. Gi\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 1\u20132 \u0111\u00f4 la; m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111i xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 8\u201310 \u0111\u00f4 la. Sau khi tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i, gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u1ec9 \u0111i taxi c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p\u2014c\u00f3 g\u1eafn s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1n m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam khuya, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        Chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1<\/h3>\n

        Khi th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 LATAM, Avianca v\u00e0 Ecuair k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca v\u00e0 Manta. Gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 \u0111\u00f4 la, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn Gal\u00e1pagos c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n\u2014h\u00e0nh l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p du l\u1ecbch. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

        Du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft: V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n

        T\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ecuador g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan\u2014ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. Tren Ecuador hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m Tren Crucero xa hoa, m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i xa x\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb Quito \u0111\u1ebfn Guayaquil v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n ngon, tour tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

        Gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ebb\u20141.650 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2014nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o xe bu\u00fdt cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i nh\u1edd xe: D\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3<\/h3>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n n\u01a1i xe b\u00e1n t\u1ea3i ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i xe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i x\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00edch tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. \u0110i nh\u1edd xe \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5\u2014nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 sau khi tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

        Di chuy\u1ec3n qua Ecuador c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3<\/h3>\n

        Du l\u1ecbch \u1edf Ecuador kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0a cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec ph\u00f4 mai \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i xu. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co b\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c h\u00e1t th\u1ea7m khi xe bu\u00fdt l\u1eafc l\u01b0 trong m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

        C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tao nh\u00e3 trong c\u00e1ch Ecuador di chuy\u1ec3n\u2014th\u00f4 r\u00e1p, c\u00f3 ch\u00fat thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

        V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fai l\u1eeda cao v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 xe thu\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray quanh co n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec3m tham quan<\/h2>\n

        Ecuador l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn\u2014v\u1eeba d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, v\u1eeba c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh v\u1eeba g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, v\u1eeba thanh b\u00ecnh v\u1eeba s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. N\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra: qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00fai l\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Andes ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y tuy\u1ebft, r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111an xen h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2014v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 0\u00b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3\u2014Ecuador ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang: trong s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng trong r\u1eebng m\u00e2y, ti\u1ebfng c\u00e1 qu\u1eaby \u0111\u1ea1p kim lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng Gal\u00e1pagos, hay d\u00e1ng \u0111i ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. Du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u2014v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 mong manh, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

        Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos: Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/h3>\n

        S\u00e1u tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Ecuador, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Gal\u00e1pagos n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean. C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u00fai l\u1eeda, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u00f3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea5p l\u1eedng sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i ngang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

        Tr\u00ean Isla San Crist\u00f3bal, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng\u2014nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, s\u01b0 t\u1eed bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf d\u00e0i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con r\u1ed3ng thu nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111en. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Le\u00f3n Dormido, hay Kicker Rock: m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 tuf g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con s\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111ang ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi hai b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb7n bi\u1ec3n tr\u00f4i qua m\u1ed9t khe n\u00fai d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1\u2014c\u00e1 \u0111u\u1ed1i, r\u00f9a, c\u00e1 m\u1eadp Gal\u00e1pagos lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n c\u00e1.<\/p>\n

        Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Gal\u00e1pagos, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch theo ki\u1ec3u nu\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khi quan s\u00e1t, trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c: \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y nghi l\u1ec5 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a chim c\u1ed1c ch\u00e2n xanh, chuy\u1ebfn bay quanh co c\u1ee7a chim frigate v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean, hay lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Darwin\u2014nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u2014v\u1eabn\u2014ch\u01b0a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00f4 s\u01a1, ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

        D\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes: N\u01a1i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9ng Cao<\/h3>\n

        V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n nh\u00f4 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0o Sierra: h\u00e0nh lang Andes c\u1ee7a Ecuador. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 N\u00fai l\u1eeda, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong l\u1eeda v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o. D\u00e3y n\u00fai ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng nam, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, hai b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, r\u1eebng m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e2u th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede r\u00eca th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Quito, tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo Telef\u00e9riQo cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3. Leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 13.000 feet, tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai l\u1eeda Pichincha, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng d\u1ea7n, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y tr\u00e0n ra r\u00eca th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1c ch\u1ed7. S\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt\u2014n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng d\u00e3y Andes kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. Ch\u00fang rung l\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u1edd. \u1ede c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3, ti\u1ebfng Quechua v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i, \u0111an xen v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i v\u00f3c. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y hoa nh\u1ef1a. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ban nh\u1ea1c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n cao nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m xe bu\u00fdt. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi nguy hi\u1ec3m, tr\u00fat b\u1ecf c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n rung chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng trong tro b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u0169ng m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qua th\u1eddi gian, xuy\u00ean qua d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i, xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Ecuador v\u1eabn \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Amazon: L\u1eafng nghe Oriente<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda Ecuador n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u1ec7 tinh ho\u1eb7c du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Oriente\u2014v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Amazon\u2014n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 v\u00e0o r\u1eebng Amazon c\u1ee7a Ecuador l\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, trong m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u01b0\u1edbt, th\u1edf, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yasuni, Khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a UNESCO, l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        Du l\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u0110i thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c thay th\u1ebf taxi. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n quanh co quanh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ceibo r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng\u2014ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 chim h\u00f3t, kh\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ebfch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n: tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con tamarin nh\u1ea3y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con caiman b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n pha c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

        Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u2014c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Huaorani, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, mang t\u00ednh sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i b\u1ed9 trong r\u1eebng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chinh ph\u1ee5c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

        Quito, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i theo m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai, b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c. Trung t\u00e2m L\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u2014m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh\u2014m\u1edf ra trong m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e1, n\u01a1i th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Iglesia de la Compa\u00f1\u00eda de Jes\u00fas, theo phong c\u00e1ch baroque v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed, l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh v\u1edbi l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m xanh. N\u00f3 cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed: nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1, ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i g\u00f3c trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu.<\/p>\n

        Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, t\u1ea1i Cuenca, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ecbu l\u1ea1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ban c\u00f4ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp hoa, v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Museo del Banco Central \u201cPumapungo\u201d n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng vang thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3i ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Columbus c\u1ee7a Ecuador\u2014d\u1ec7t may, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 nghi l\u1ec5\u2014trong khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ecuador kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 trong s\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

        Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

        B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n Ecuador cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Oswaldo Guayasam\u00edn. Casa Museo c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Quito, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i \u0111au v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch\u2014ghi l\u1ea1i n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u0103ng ra th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1nh tay gi\u01a1 l\u00ean \u200b\u200btrong s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u xin ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

        Ngay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, Capilla del Hombre (Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng vang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c trang nghi\u00eam, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tang l\u1ec5\u2014m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n

        \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n

        Ecuador kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Instagram\u2014m\u1edd m\u1ecbt, c\u0169 k\u1ef9, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng khung h\u01a1n\u2014nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c k\u00fd \u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u00f9i m\u01b0a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n

        Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00fai cao, xa hoa v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 u \u00e1m. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i\u2014\u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i\u2014l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t n\u01a1i d\u1ea1y, trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m h\u01a1n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 mua s\u1eafm \u1edf Ecuador<\/h2>\n

        V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u1edf Ecuador: N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 la h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

        V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000, Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m r\u1ed7ng ru\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 la h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt sinh t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0y nay, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Ecuador. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2014kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i hay lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3<\/h3>\n

        Tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, Ecuador s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9\u2014c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tienda g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e9 xe bu\u00fdt \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng v\u00f9ng cao, b\u1ee9c tranh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u01a1n. Trong khi ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 la xanh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, Ecuador \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n xu c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 centavos. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n xu c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u20141, 5, 10, 25 v\u00e0 50 centavos\u2014nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang mang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a Ecuador gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

        Ti\u1ec1n xu \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Sacagawea v\u00e0 Presidential $1, c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y $1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n xu \u1edf Ecuador\u2014ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ef1c b\u1ecb phai.<\/p>\n

        Ma qu\u1ef7 trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c dai d\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 la h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ecuador l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng t\u1edd 50 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 100 \u0111\u00f4 la th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u01b0\u1edbn m\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. L\u00fd do th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0: ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e0n lan, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mang theo m\u1ed9t t\u1edd 100 \u0111\u00f4 la trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec7m b\u00e1nh \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p xui x\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1edd 1 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 5 \u0111\u00f4 la\u2014l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, t\u00e0i x\u1ebf xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: ti\u1ec1n c\u0169, r\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0u n\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng khi \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi\u2014gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i gi\u00e0y s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean mang theo m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Quito v\u00e0 Guayaquil c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

        ATM, Th\u1ebb v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n

        \u1ede c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ecuador\u2014\u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Cuenca, khu ph\u1ed1 r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y Cumbay\u00e1, hay b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Malec\u00f3n c\u1ee7a Guayaquil\u2014m\u00e1y ATM r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm. Ch\u00fang l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c sau nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ecb. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Cirrus v\u00e0 Plus.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/h3>\n

        M\u00e1y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1ebb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n\u2014300 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Banco Guayaquil cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a 500 \u0111\u00f4 la\u2014v\u00e0 ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhanh. Banco Austro v\u1eabn l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ecuador li\u00ean t\u1ee5c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ATM, trong khi Banco Bolivariano mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Revolut. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

        An ninh l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ATM ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4n ngoan. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ATM b\u00ean trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. M\u00f3c t\u00fai v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i khi l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        Trong khi th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao c\u1ea5p\u2014c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng cao c\u1ea5p, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay\u2014s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 5% \u0111\u1ebfn 8% \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00ed. B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ph\u00e9p giao d\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng gian l\u1eadn. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a Ecuador v\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e9c du l\u1ecbch, h\u00e3y coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 di v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang - th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi 3% - nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

        Ti\u1ec1n boa: L\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

        Ti\u1ec1n boa \u1edf Ecuador \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u01a1n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh th\u00eam 10% ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n. Khi \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i boa th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n \u0103n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a cho kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1n boa (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 5\u201310%) khi thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, t\u00f9y \u00fd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

        T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c boa cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khu\u00e2n v\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u1ecdn ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai \u0111\u00f4 la l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. T\u00e0i x\u1ebf taxi hi\u1ebfm khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n boa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ti\u1ec1n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        Mua s\u1eafm \u1edf hai n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

        Ecuador l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng cao c\u1ea5p \u1edf qu\u1eadn La Mariscal c\u1ee7a Quito ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Cuenca, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3\u2014\u0111\u00f4i khi r\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i d\u00e3y nh\u00e0, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1ec9nh l\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u1ee3, chi ph\u00ed sinh ho\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

        B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1ed9t su\u1ea5t almuerzo (b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a theo set) no c\u0103ng b\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 \u0111\u00f4 la. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n do gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed 8 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam. Xe bu\u00fdt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 la. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2014ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u00e1n l\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y Mercado Artesanal c\u1ee7a Quito l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t m\u00ea cung r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gian h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u s\u01a1n. Tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn, n\u00f3 th\u1eadt ch\u00f3i l\u00f3a. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i qua l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p\u2014h\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbp kh\u0103n alpaca v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau. Khu ch\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t Ecuador\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho du kh\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c\u2014\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t tay, m\u0169 r\u01a1m toquilla ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u2014t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean l\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 Otavalo ho\u1eb7c Saraguro. Gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

        \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Ecuador<\/h2>\n

        Ecuador kh\u00f4ng h\u00e9t to b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng hay c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd\u2014t\u1eebng \u0111\u0129a, t\u1eebng ph\u1ed1\u2014qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1t s\u00fap, m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm chu\u1ed1i chi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ly sinh t\u1ed1 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y l\u00fac r\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ecf qua v\u1ebb h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng tr\u00ean Instagram v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed3i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ecuador s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp\u2014\u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00e1 xa r\u1eddi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eefa \u0103n: C\u00e1c m\u00f3n ch\u00ednh \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n

        N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n \u1edf Ecuador mang t\u00ednh v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f3n \u0103n.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede Sierra\u2014v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m\u2014khoai t\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Khoai t\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n ch\u00ednh cho c\u1ea3 b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i, mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quen thu\u1ed9c. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u t\u00edm nh\u1ecf, khoai t\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed9c, nghi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng, \u0103n k\u00e8m v\u1edbi ng\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f4 mai, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 b\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

        Di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n oi b\u1ee9c pha ch\u00fat mu\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 m\u00f3n ch\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n sang g\u1ea1o. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n ph\u1ee5 m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i b\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eadu. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp ven bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o g\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u2014th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eabn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: s\u00fap. \u1ede Ecuador, s\u00fap kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ec5 nghi\u2014n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f3n ch\u00ednh trong c\u1ea3 b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f3n caldo de gallina (n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u1ed9c g\u00e0) tinh t\u1ebf hay m\u00f3n locro de papa \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 h\u01a1n, s\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n\u2014h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c l\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1t nh\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n nh\u1ef1a \u1edf c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c xoa d\u1ecbu c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 n\u00fai hay m\u01b0a ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

        V\u0103n h\u00f3a bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng: M\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n

        B\u1eefa s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa \u0103n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, hi\u1ebfm khi c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng. Tr\u1ee9ng\u2014tr\u1ee9ng r\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee9ng r\u00e1n\u2014l\u00e0 m\u00f3n ch\u00ednh, \u0103n k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ly n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y. \u0110\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 ph\u00f4 mai. Hi\u1ebfm khi v\u1ed9i v\u00e3.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong batido. Nh\u1eefng ly sinh t\u1ed1 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb xo\u00e0i, guan\u00e1bana, mora (qu\u1ea3 m\u00e2m x\u00f4i Andes) ho\u1eb7c naranjilla, ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ecdt, no nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u1eb7ng. Pha v\u1edbi s\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, batidos l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c nh\u1ef1a \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f3t t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0o theo m\u00f9a. H\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2014m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

        B\u00e0n \u0103n s\u00e1ng ven bi\u1ec3n: Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng<\/h3>\n

        Tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u m\u1eb7n h\u01a1n, th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1, chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1eafn\u2014nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e0u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t, cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y d\u00e0i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

        Bolones l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean chu\u1ed1i xanh nghi\u1ec1n, chi\u00ean v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ph\u00f4 mai, th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai. B\u1ea1n \u0103n b\u1eb1ng tay ho\u1eb7c n\u0129a, ch\u1ea5m v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t aji chua chua ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u00f3ng, qu\u00e1 ng\u1ecdt. Empanadas c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean\u2014b\u00e1nh x\u1ed1p ho\u1eb7c dai t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t, nh\u00e2n ph\u00f4 mai, th\u1ecbt ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4m, \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu chi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        Patacones\u2014chu\u1ed1i l\u00e1 c\u1eaft l\u00e1t d\u00e0y v\u00e0 chi\u00ean hai l\u1ea7n\u2014gi\u00f2n, h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u0103n k\u00e8m v\u1edbi tr\u1ee9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 corviche, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0 l\u00f4i chi\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u1eeb chu\u1ed1i xanh n\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        Humitas\u2014b\u00e1nh ng\u00f4 h\u1ea5p b\u1ecdc trong v\u1ecf\u2014v\u00e0 pan de yuca, b\u00e1nh cu\u1ed9n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u1ed9t s\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u00f4 mai, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n s\u00e1ng. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i mi\u1ebfng c\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ven bi\u1ec3n: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ngon.<\/p>\n

        M\u00f3n \u0103n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: N\u01a1i k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc g\u1eb7p nhau<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eefa \u0103n \u1edf Ecuador v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Locro de papa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u00fap khoai t\u00e2y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c, b\u00e9o ng\u1eady, h\u01a1i chua, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng queso fresco v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t b\u01a1 ch\u00edn. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u1ea5m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y; n\u00f3 neo gi\u1eef b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

        Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cuy\u2014chu\u1ed9t lang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch, \u00fd ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf d\u00e3y Andes, cuy l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u1eebng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbng nguy\u00ean con ho\u1eb7c chi\u00ean gi\u00f2n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Da gi\u00f2n, th\u1ecbt m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean\u2014nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, ceviche chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f3n khai v\u1ecb thanh nh\u00e3, \u01b0\u1edbp cam qu\u00fdt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Peru. Ceviche c\u1ee7a Ecuador l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n s\u00fap m\u1eb7n, g\u1ed3m t\u00f4m, c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u1ed1c x\u00e0 c\u1eeb ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1t chanh, c\u00e0 chua, h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau m\u00f9i. \u0102n l\u1ea1nh, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5 cho nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. B\u1eafp rang ho\u1eb7c chifles (khoai t\u00e2y chi\u00ean m\u1ecfng) \u0111i k\u00e8m t\u1ea1o th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n, mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

        C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 encebollado\u2014m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n s\u00fap c\u00e1 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1eafn, c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb, h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecf ng\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00eca l\u00e0. M\u00f3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3i r\u01b0\u1ee3u. N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng chifles \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n l\u00e0m m\u1edd ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng, b\u1eefa \u0103n nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 b\u1eefa \u0103n ch\u00ednh: bollo, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh chu\u1ed1i h\u1ea5p tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1; v\u00e0 bol\u00f3n, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u00e2n d\u00e3 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u1ecd \u0103n s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014s\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, lu\u00f4n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        \u0102n t\u1ed1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: N\u01a1i giao thoa gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed, phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1edf Ecuador l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n ngon v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t r\u1ebb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u0103n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t almuerzo \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t s\u00fap, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a th\u1ecbt v\u1edbi c\u01a1m v\u00e0 salad, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 \u0111\u00f4 la. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa \u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        La merienda, hay b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng. V\u00e0 trong khi b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c khu du l\u1ecbch, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb pha lo\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1eefa \u0103n ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n \u1edf Ecuador. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quanh qu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i, "La cuenta, por favor." C\u00e0 ph\u00ea ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00f3\u2014kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu l\u1ec7, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5. B\u1eefa \u0103n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb 12% VAT v\u00e0 10% ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

        V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5m h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u00e2n hi\u00ean th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Ecuador\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Ecuador duy nh\u1ea5t. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mang t\u00ednh v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i\u2014nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia: v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1o v\u00e1t, v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 xa hoa m\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m ch\u00fat.<\/p>\n

        N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ecuador, h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n\u2014c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi, chu\u1ed1i chi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean xe bu\u00fdt, s\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb h\u00fap tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n nh\u1ef1a. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n, m\u00e0 trong nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

        S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c \u1edf Ecuador<\/h2>\n

        Ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng: \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 giao \u1edf Ecuador<\/h3>\n

        Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 x\u00e3 giao \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n\u2014nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi \u0111i ngang qua. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Ecuador, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tinh t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi, ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3u c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a tay \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi\u2014\u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc. \u1ea8n ch\u1ee9a trong ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn Ecuador\u2014m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7\u2014vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

        S\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • "Cha\u0300o bu\u00f4\u0309i sa\u0301ng."<\/li>\n
        • "Cha\u0300o bu\u00f4\u0309i chi\u00ea\u0300u."<\/li>\n
        • "Ch\u00fac ng\u1ee7 ngon."<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9m lung tung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00fd. \u1ede Ecuador, l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, t\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef tu\u00f4n ra nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh gi\u1edd ph\u00fat \u0111\u00f3\u2014s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam trang c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c r\u1ed3i. N\u00f3i ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. L\u1eddi ch\u00e0o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o theo s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft nhau trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 chia s\u1ebb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1eaft tay ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau. Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean m\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i t\u1eaft theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n \u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y. N\u1ee5 h\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh; n\u00f3 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng. M\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

          Trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n, \u201chola\u201d n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua nhau trong im l\u1eb7ng. H\u1ecd ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi. H\u1ecd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1eaft nhau. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n nhau\u2014c\u00f3 l\u1ebd g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc \u00c2u, s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. C\u00f3 \u00edt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00edt kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Ecuador, s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u00e0m \u00fd s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

          Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng<\/h3>\n

          N\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa t\u00fa v\u00e0 usted\u2014c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea1n\u201d\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m\u2014n\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador r\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang loay hoay t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean trang tr\u1ecdng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00fa v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1ebb em. L\u01b0u usted cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, chuy\u00ean gia, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p. Khi nghi ng\u1edd, h\u00e3y m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 usted. N\u00f3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 danh d\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

          S\u1ef1 trang tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p hay s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i: c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

          C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u2014to v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf<\/h3>\n

          \u1ede Sierra\u2014v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m Quito v\u00e0 Cuenca\u2014giao ti\u1ebfp phi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

          B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3? \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay song song v\u1edbi s\u00e0n nh\u00e0. \u1ede Ecuador, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y xoay b\u00e0n tay sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, c\u1eaft ngang kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111o th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u \u0111ang d\u00e2ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

          B\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1ecdi ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn? H\u00e3y ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf ham mu\u1ed1n v\u1eaby tay v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa ch\u00f3\u2014ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, theo c\u00e1ch \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y nghi\u00eang l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eaby nh\u1eb9 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf, mang t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i \u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf Ecuador, ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m lan truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

          Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a trang ph\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n

          N\u1ebfu nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ecuador c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf trang ph\u1ee5c. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y\u2014d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng n\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng m\u00e2y m\u00f9\u2014quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

          \u1ede Sierra, t\u00ednh trang tr\u1ecdng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng. Quito, n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 9.000 feet so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi c\u00f3 c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0103n m\u1eb7c g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, ngay c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u01a1n bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u00e9t l\u00ean - ch\u00fang th\u00ec th\u1ea7m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

          Xu\u1ed1ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u0169ng v\u1eady\u2014\u00edt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. Guayaquil, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ecuador, nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. V\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, tay \u00e1o ng\u1eafn, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u201cgi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb\u201d kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111i bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean m\u1eb7c tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ven bi\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador v\u1eabn coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

          V\u00e0 khi v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Qu\u1ea7n short v\u00e0 \u00e1o ba l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1edf n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc hay: \u0103n m\u1eb7c trang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

          S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

          Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ecuador \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u00e0 li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan coi m\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp\u2014kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch, m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

          Ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, \u0111o chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ch\u1ecdn usted thay v\u00ec t\u00fa\u2014\u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ecuador. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

          V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c\u2014Amazon c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang, Gal\u00e1pagos c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang\u2014tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t chung v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u1ea4m \u00e1p, t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

          S\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3. M\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng Ecuador r\u1ea5t h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tham gia\u2014d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

          Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111i qua n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng s\u1eeda ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ra hi\u1ec7u cho con b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i b\u1eaft tay n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 to t\u00e1t. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i coi tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

          \u1ede Ecuador, ph\u00e9p x\u00e3 giao kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, n\u00f3i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u0103n m\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat\u2014n\u00f3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3: c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

          Gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n \u1edf Ecuador<\/h2>\n

          Ecuador t\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m c\u0169 k\u1ef9\u2014c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i th\u00f4 r\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 d\u00e3y Andes c\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, n\u01a1i Amazon ng\u00e2n nga nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4m tr\u1ecdn c\u1ea3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1eabn r\u1ee7i ro. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1, n\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Sau khi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n h\u01a1n 100.000 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean Wikipedia, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e2u l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh \u1edf Ecuador: th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda trong t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

          S\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng<\/h3>\n

          \u1ede Ecuador, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c n\u00f3i to h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. Gi\u01a1 m\u1ed9t x\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t khu ch\u1ee3 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp \u1edf Quito, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft d\u00f5i theo\u2014s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, khi \u0111\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7y tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i: s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u00e1o gi\u00e1p. H\u00e3y c\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111i, m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ec9 mang theo \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y\u2014nh\u1eefng t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf, nh\u00e0u n\u00e1t v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n\u2014v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong k\u00e9t an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          ATM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ee9u sinh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t canh b\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ATM \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby sau ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n. T\u00f4i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ATM b\u00ean trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm\u2014nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i li\u1ebfc qua vai, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3n tay nhanh nh\u1eb9n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; \u0111\u00eam bi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, \u1edf Guayaquil, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ATM, tay b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n\u2014ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o kh\u00f3a t\u00fai ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ef1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed9m n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd: Bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t rung chuy\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven c\u1ee7a Ecuador k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Colombia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n\u2014kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ma t\u00fay quanh co qua khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u00e0n ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u1ee1 b\u1edd. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n: c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft. Tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch\u2014v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi \u0111\u00f3\u2014h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh xa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh; h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

          \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00fai l\u1eeda bao ph\u1ee7 Imbabura, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng du l\u1ecbch, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111ang nh\u00e2m nhi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea\u2014h\u1ecd n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, \u1edf Ba\u00f1os, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i; nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd sau, t\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e3 nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1edf s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

          Quito v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a r\u1ee7i ro. Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00f3ng khung ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ea1m ly leng keng, nh\u01b0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lang thang qua nh\u1eefng con h\u1ebbm \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t\u2014qu\u00e1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, qu\u00e1 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i. B\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong rao b\u00e1n b\u00e1nh empanada v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ea1y qua. Sau khi tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede Guayaquil, c\u0169ng v\u1eady: Malec\u00f3n l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

          Taxi l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc taxi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eadu b\u00ean l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111ang tung x\u00fac x\u1eafc\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc taxi m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i x\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n ra. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf Quito, khi leo l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc taxi do nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u1ec5 t\u00e2n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edd d\u1ea7n trong s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n. V\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n\u2014xe bu\u00fdt \u1ea7m \u1ea7m, ch\u1ee3 \u1ed3n \u00e0o\u2014nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y gi\u1eef cho tr\u00ed \u00f3c minh m\u1eabn. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai b\u1ecb gi\u1eadt gi\u1eefa ban ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 rung chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, th\u00f4 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng: S\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf Ecuador nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u\u2014\u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi nguy hi\u1ec3m. Xe bu\u00fdt Trol\u00e9bus \u1edf Quito, m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3: m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay l\u01b0\u1edbt qua t\u00fai t\u00f4i, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i k\u1ecbp quay l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb m\u00f3c t\u00fai len l\u1ecfi qua c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt, ch\u1ee3, trung t\u00e2m trung chuy\u1ec3n\u2014b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chen ch\u00fac g\u1ea7n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhanh nh\u01b0 ch\u1edbp, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng lang thang v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y \u1edf Otavalo. Chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u2014h\u00e3y \u00f4m n\u00f3, bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t n\u00f3, ch\u00f4n n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1o n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1eady. Th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ef1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa; t\u00fai ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

          Gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t\u2014c\u00f9i ch\u1ecf hu\u00fdch v\u00e0o nhau, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c qu\u00e1nh m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i. T\u00f4i tr\u00e1nh gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian cho nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong l\u00fac v\u1eafng v\u1ebb. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u1edf Cuenca, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t anh ch\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u2014ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn nhau ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m, v\u00e0 anh ta bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y ng\u1ea9ng cao \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1ea3nh tay, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd vang l\u00ean. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

          Th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111i xe bu\u00fdt: \u0110i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1<\/h3>\n

          Xe bu\u00fdt kh\u00e2u n\u1ed1i Ecuador l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau\u2014r\u1ebb, l\u1eafc l\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn d\u00e3y Andes c\u1eafn, ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xoay tr\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng, rao b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i\u2014c\u01b0\u1eddi toe to\u00e9t v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, tay qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00fai tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f9i, m\u1eaft li\u1ebfc gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean cao? D\u01b0\u1edbi gh\u1ebf? Qu\u00ean \u0111i\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ee9c d\u1eady \u1edf Loja v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i tr\u00ean gi\u00e1; b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn\u2014Flota Imbabura, Reina del Camino\u2014c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n, t\u00e0i x\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00edt v\u00f4 t\u01b0 h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecd khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 y\u00ean b\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt l\u1eafc l\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u1eafc l\u01b0, ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i inh \u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 trong \u0111\u00f3\u2014Ecuador chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

          Cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi: Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim hoang d\u00e3<\/h3>\n

          S\u1ef1 hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Ecuador l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i Quilotoa Loop, h\u1ed3 mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng. Th\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c - theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00f3 - nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a. \u0110i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh xa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi nghe tin m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c g\u1ea7n Imbabura. \u0110i theo nh\u00f3m an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebfng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u1edf h\u1ed5n h\u1ec3n chung khi ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham gia m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i khao kh\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, r\u1ee7i ro t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1eaft h\u1ecd\u2014b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, b\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: h\u00e3y tin v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, tham gia m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n, nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a. \u1ede Cotopaxi, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y; t\u00f4i s\u1ebd loay hoay m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 hoang d\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng\u2014h\u00e3y \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe: C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

          Ecuador s\u1ebd th\u1eed th\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00f4 r\u00e1p, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u1eddn.<\/p>\n

          B\u1ec7nh do th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m \u0103n<\/h4>\n

          \u0110\u1ed3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014m\u00f9i th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n n\u01b0\u1edbng, arepas x\u00e8o x\u00e8o\u2014nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 may r\u1ee7i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c n\u00f3, c\u01b0\u1eddi toe to\u00e9t qua gia v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1ee5ng s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, n\u01a1i doanh thu gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Riobamba, ch\u1eadt c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i \u0103n ngon; m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u00f4\u2014ceviche l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t canh b\u1ea1c\u2014v\u00e0 mang theo thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng axit nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

          An to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc: Nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h4>\n

          N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai th\u00ec r\u1ebb, c\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, r\u1eeda t\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, nh\u1ea5m nh\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, trong l\u00fac c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y trong \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd; n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai\u2014d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u01a1n b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

          Ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng: \u00c1o gi\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u<\/h4>\n

          B\u00e1c s\u0129 du l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u2014T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc. S\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng da l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh d\u00e0nh cho r\u1eebng r\u1eadm; T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3, v\u1eabn \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed3n \u00e0o\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t: V\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1t \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n<\/h4>\n

          B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n r\u00ec r\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, mu\u1ed7i k\u00eau to h\u01a1n. S\u1ed1t r\u00e9t hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 c\u1eafn. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tay \u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n; \u0111\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao: Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng, tim \u0111\u1eadp nhanh<\/h4>\n

          Quito gi\u00e1ng cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m\u20149.350 feet, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m. T\u00f4i lo\u1ea1ng cho\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111au nh\u01b0 b\u00faa b\u1ed5, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u: b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm, n\u01b0\u1edbc theo gallon, kh\u00f4ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Caffeine c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i\u2014t\u00f4i c\u1eaft n\u00f3, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o h\u01a1n. Hai ng\u00e0y sau, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; Diamox \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, theo toa v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed9 cao th\u1eadt t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng\u2014nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n n\u00edn th\u1edf hai l\u1ea7n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Ecuador, situated in northern South America, has a population of around 17.8 million inhabitants. The Republic of Ecuador, a diversified nation, is surrounded by Colombia to the north, Peru to the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It also includes the illustrious Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, located around 1,000 kilometers west of the continent in the Pacific Ocean.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3309,"parent":24096,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7363","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7363"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7363\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}