Guyana tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo r\u00eca ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n m\u1ea3nh mai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 214.969 km2, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang d\u00e3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, Georgetown, m\u1ecdc l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1edd ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a S\u00f4ng Demerara\u2014m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0u ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 vang v\u1ecdng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, S\u00f4ng Essequibo t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u00eanh r\u1ed9ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 t\u00e2y nam, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Brazil \u00e1p s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Guyana. \u1ede s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Suriname, trong khi Venezuela canh g\u00e1c b\u00ean kia nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac cua c\u00f3 gai c\u1ee7a S\u00f4ng Cuyuni. Nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t Guyana v\u00e0o n\u01a1i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u1ea4n thu\u1ed9c Anh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Caribe v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n hay th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh nh\u00f4 l\u00ean th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i thoai tho\u1ea3i, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ti\u1ec1n Cambri, \u201cv\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i trong v\u1eaft theo d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. V\u00e0nh \u0111ai ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00f3n tay, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n m\u00eda n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, trong khi ph\u00eda xa l\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Amazon\u2014khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean hai ph\u1ea7n ba b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Guyana.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i n\u00f4i r\u1eebng n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u \u0111en. Ch\u00edn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\u2014Wai Wai, Macushi, Patamona, Lokono, Kalina, Wapishana, Pemon, Akawaio v\u00e0 Warao\u2014s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Guyana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lokono v\u00e0 Kalina l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng s\u1eafn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xu\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u1edbt nh\u1eb9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng, l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, mang t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba danh c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u2014d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1, c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3i s\u0103n b\u1eafn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda mai m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n d\u1ecdc theo s\u00f4ng Pomeroon v\u00e0 Berbice. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kho b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf, trao \u0111\u1ed5i wampum v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng v\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1700, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ba thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u2014Demerara, Essequibo v\u00e0 Berbice\u2014th\u00e0nh British Guiana. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n m\u00eda m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 sau khi b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea3 kh\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vang kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u1eaft m\u00eda h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean kia nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e2y g\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e2y xanh cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp n\u00e0y\u2014n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2m canh gi\u00e1p ranh v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u2014s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Guyana trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1966, Union Jack \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd xanh-xanh l\u00e1-tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Guyana \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 tung bay tr\u00ean Georgetown. B\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a trong Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Anh. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Anh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu: ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt chung, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e2n cricket v\u1eabn r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Creole Guyanese\u2014m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef du d\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh, xen l\u1eabn nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u T\u00e2y Phi, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. N\u00f3 len l\u1ecfi qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i chung gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Ch\u00e2u Phi, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 lai.<\/p>\n
Guyana chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3: qu\u1ed1c gia Nam M\u1ef9 duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh theo lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111an xen v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Caribe n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a CARICOM, C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Caribe, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 2008, Guyana \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Nam M\u1ef9, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y. Trong l\u1ec5 Mashramani\u2014k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\u2014c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u00e1c ban nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u0169 c\u00f4ng m\u00faa ch\u1ea3o th\u00e9p trong trang ph\u1ee5c r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, Phagwah (hay Holi) ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ecdt, trong khi bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i Deepavali r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n c\u01a1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e0 ri v\u00e0 roti c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m ti\u00eau v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh s\u1eafn, b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n
N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khai kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Guyana trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf bauxite v\u00e0 m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng mang l\u1ea1i doanh thu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, trong khi c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng g\u1ed7 t\u1ebfch v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 xanh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017, 41 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 2015, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0n khoan \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, GDP c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt kho\u1ea3ng 49 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 11 t\u1ef7 th\u00f9ng\u2014\u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a Guyana v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 doanh thu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2023 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Guyana k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015\u2014m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u2014nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111ang b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 Georgetown v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng l\u1edbn. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoan ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0n d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4, trong khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng Harpy v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i hoa lan. \u0110\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, chia s\u1ebb doanh thu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. C\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Guyana\u2014th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean, n\u00fai gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tepui v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tour du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn Iwokrama, m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1ed9ng 3.700 km vu\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con th\u00fa \u0103n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bkh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 lang thang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1c Kaieteur, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng 226 m\u00e9t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch. B\u1eefa t\u1ed1i b\u00ean l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f2m sao kh\u01a1i d\u1eady nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, trong khi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f2 qu\u0103m \u0111\u1ecf \u0111ang ki\u1ebfm \u0103n \u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb du l\u1ecbch, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u0103n h\u00f3a chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Amerindian. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y. Khi Guyana kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n doanh thu m\u1edbi, du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng\u2014m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh coi tr\u1ecdng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
V\u0103n h\u00f3a Guyana mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Phi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec7t n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 m\u1edbi trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Anh. Con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y nay k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t d\u00e2n gian ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ebfn theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, mang theo c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n in \u0111\u1eadm trong l\u1ecbch, b\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y dhal v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt d\u00ea c\u00e0 ri c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi pepperpot v\u00e0 fishcakes.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n chung \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 di s\u1ea3n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m m\u1edd ranh gi\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u1ede Georgetown, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Sikh, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i d\u00e3y nh\u00e0\u2014m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi.<\/p>\n
Theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, Guyana n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Caribe, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c b\u00ean trong. C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i mang \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Warao v\u00e0 Macushi.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, Guyana kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xavan v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfng vo ve c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e0n khoan ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1 c\u00e2y x\u00e0o x\u1ea1c d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n-Guyana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Afro-Guyana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c\u2014\u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
\u1ede m\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 gi\u00e0n khoan d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1. V\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, n\u01a1i b\u00f3ng xanh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ng\u1eadp n\u1eafng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng kh\u1ec9 r\u00fa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc b\u1edd s\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Guyana: m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Guyana, formally designated as the\u00a0Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is situated on the northern coastline of\u00a0South America.\u00a0Guyana, with one of the lowest population densities globally, encompasses a geographical area of 214,969 square kilometers, rendering it the third smallest sovereign state by size in continental\u00a0South America, behind\u00a0Uruguay\u00a0and\u00a0Suriname.\u00a0Georgetown, the capital city, is the largest urban center in the country and functions as the political and economic nucleus.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3020,"parent":24096,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7331","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7331"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7331\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}