Venezuela tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo r\u00eca ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thu\u00f4n nh\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa Bi\u1ec3n Caribe v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 916.445 km2, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Andes ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Cao nguy\u00ean Guiana v\u00e0 llanos r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh p\u00e1ramos s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai Andes.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Caribe n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o vu\u1ed1t ve nh\u01b0 Margarita, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 Los Roques, n\u01a1i l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p c\u1ecd. Trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Colombia \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u bang Sucre ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch leo l\u00ean Pico Bol\u00edvar \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u00e3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao g\u1ea7n 5.000 m\u00e9t, trong khi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng gi\u1eef th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Caracas\u2014m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh llanos: \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a theo m\u00f9a, n\u01a1i gia s\u00fac g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y h\u01a1i \u1ea5m. Xa h\u01a1n, S\u00f4ng Orinoco u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng, mang theo g\u1ed7, x\u00e0 lan ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee5c ng\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng nam, c\u00e1c tepui m\u1ecdc l\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi Th\u00e1c Angel\u2014n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng theo chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t kilomet tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1edf d\u00e0i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
L\u00e1 c\u1edd T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Venezuela v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1522 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng r\u1eadm. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1811, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Creole \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft; m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, Gran Colombia n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1830, khai sinh ra n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Venezuela. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 tr\u00f4i qua d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u00e1c caudillos khu v\u1ef1c, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Ch\u1ec9 sau n\u0103m 1958, Venezuela m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u t\u0103ng. Caracas ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bd\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n \u1edf Caracazo n\u1ed5 ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989\u2014do c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ee5ng\u2014c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Hai cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u00f3 v\u0169 trang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam s\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hugo Ch\u00e1vez. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00f4 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eefng l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t phi m\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u Venezuela ng\u00e0y nay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c tham nh\u0169ng.<\/p>\n
D\u1ea7u m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Venezuela. Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Maracaibo v\u00e0 V\u00e0nh \u0111ai Orinoco n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m khi doanh thu gi\u1ea3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u th\u00f9ng ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u0169 k\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a xung quanh ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2014c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ca cao\u2014v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n Guri, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang y\u1ebfu \u0111i do m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean c\u1eaft ngang cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. \u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u diesel tr\u00ean m\u00e1y b\u01a1m.<\/p>\n
Du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar g\u1ea7n Caracas v\u00e0 La Chinita b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Maracaibo. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i La Guaira v\u00e0 Puerto Cabello x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 - d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 km - ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u00e2y v\u00e0 nam, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft t\u1eebng h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 do n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m \u1edf Caracas, Maracaibo v\u00e0 Valencia gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Orinoco ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n
Kho\u1ea3ng 93 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Venezuela s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n 100 km. Caracas t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u01a1n n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o cerros (s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, Barquisimeto, Valencia v\u00e0 Maracay t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; M\u00e9rida n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao, tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0u ph\u1ea5n. Ph\u00eda nam Orinoco, Ciudad Guayana m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 ba - m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xung quanh th\u00e9p, nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Venezuela, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di c\u01b0 kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, chia s\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n
Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Venezuela xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc y\u00ean t\u0129nh d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u1eb7ng d\u1eeba. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\u2014Wayuu, Pemon, Warao\u2014mang nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y. Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u Afro-Venezuela vang l\u00ean theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tambor; Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y Ban Nha neo gi\u1eef c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd tr\u00e1t v\u1eefa. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb \u00dd, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay b\u00e1n arepas nh\u1ed3i ph\u00f4 mai, chu\u1ed1i chi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m cay n\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u0129a l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n r\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5. \u1ede Zulia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf linh thi\u00eang tr\u00ean H\u1ed3 Maracaibo, t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t t\u00edch trong b\u00e3o. \u1ede Sierra Nevada, nh\u1eefng con l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbu b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ecfng manh, \u0111\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n canh g\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u0103ng gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Cao nguy\u00ean Guiana tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c tepui\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng\u2014n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5. Th\u00e1c Angel \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb r\u00eca Auyan-tepui, lu\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc phun c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng Orinoco th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 sa. B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1m, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u caiman v\u00e0 c\u00e1 heo s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n l\u00e1 r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u2014trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Canaima\u2014bao ph\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede llanos, c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n r\u1eebng cao nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Margarita v\u00e0 Morrocoy \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch t\u1eafm n\u1eafng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng Caribe. Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xanh h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Andes, trong c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch qua r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf Los Roques. C\u00e1p treo c\u1ee7a M\u00e9rida v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat, \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 4.000 m\u00e9t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 sinh th\u00e1i d\u1ecdc theo Orinoco cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng, cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111en d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m bia th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecf cacao v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n
Venezuela \u0111ang \u1edf ng\u00e3 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y\u2014l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ebf t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. Khi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1eedi ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c men v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Venezuela, located in the northern part of South America, showcases a blend of natural beauty and human resilience. Bound by Colombia, Guyana, and Brazil, this country has a strategic location along important marine and aerial paths connecting North and South America. Aruba, Bonaire, Cura\u00e7ao, Trinidad and Tobago’s Caribbean islands add to the geographic diversity of the area.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4583,"parent":24096,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7237","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7237"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7237\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}