V\u0103n h\u00f3a Bahrain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa di s\u1ea3n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp-H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Dilmun c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Bahrain "l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c", v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Bahrain, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng "\u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n" \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng Bahrain, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nghi th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c tin. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Dilmun c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shi\u02bfi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a nguy\u00ean - m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Bahrain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u01a1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Bahrain, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khoan dung. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2002 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 "quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang" trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 22, v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 18 c\u1ea5m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Bahrain: d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Vua Hamad, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Trung t\u00e2m To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 Chung s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Khoan dung c\u1ee7a Vua Hamad \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u00f4n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u0103m 2022 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Francis v\u00e0 tham gia di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o - Al-Azhar) \u0111\u1ec3 "th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khoan dung". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o (Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri) nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia; c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shi'a c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng khai k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u02bf\u0100sh\u016br\u0101. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n: Bahrain c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Hindu v\u00e0 Sikh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do Th\u00e1i - ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dhimmi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Bahrain l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 khoan dung ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c che gi\u1ea5u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u1ee6y ban T\u1ef1 do T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng Bahrain "n\u00f3i chung cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 do th\u1edd c\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Shi'a". Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shi'a \u1edf Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Bahrain th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n coi h\u00e0nh vi "ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5" c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng khai \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u00f4n (t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n th\u1edd c\u00fang chung) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Bahrain (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 2020\u20132023)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Bahrain. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Bahrain, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i, chia \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shi\u02bfa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni (c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shi\u02bfa chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Sunni th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1) g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. Trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 80\u201381% to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa kho\u1ea3ng 12%, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu 6\u20137% v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Bahrain bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (th\u1ee3 may t\u1eeb Ba T\u01b0, gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v.v.) v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i dai d\u1eb3ng, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Bahrain v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh. \u200b\u200bM\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do Th\u00e1i nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eadp trung xung quanh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf qu\u1eadn c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Manama. B\u1ed1n gurdwara c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Sikh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Hindu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Gujarati v\u00e0 Punjabi t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Bahrain. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin l\u00e0nh ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Philippines, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa di c\u01b0. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, Bahrain c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt di s\u1ea3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: C\u01a1 quan V\u0103n h\u00f3a Bahrain th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Hindu, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi mong manh: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ri\u00eang t\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 "s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o", nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1eabn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo hai nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng song song.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Bahrain ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 giao thoa qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp (bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Baharna\/Shi\u02bfa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Sunni v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 Al Arab v\u00e0 Huwala), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Ba T\u01b0 (Ajam\/Shi\u02bfa) v\u00e0 Nam \u00c1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. \u00cdt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 1,7 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Bahrain; kho\u1ea3ng 54% (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Nam \u00c1 (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea2 R\u1eadp kh\u00e1c, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i Bahrain. Ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 300.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y mang theo nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o - v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, Tin l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Philippines v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 xa x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra con s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Shi\u02bfa Bahrain t\u1eeb 55\u201360% c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni l\u00e0 40\u201345%. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1941 (cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ra c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i) cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 52% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shi\u02bfa, 48% ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Sunni; d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shi\u02bfa. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 pha tr\u1ed9n - v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain Shi\u02bfa bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrani b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Dilmun th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o) v\u00e0 'Ajam (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shi\u02bfa n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ba T\u01b0, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u0169). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1eeb s\u1edbm) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Huwala (c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Sunni t\u1eeb Iran). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain theo qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra theo ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Shi\u02bfa t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong an ninh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n du m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Bedouin; tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c du m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 Muharraq, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Bahrain c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anatolian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Levant v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Iran\/Caucasus - m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp (v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh) l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Ba T\u01b0, ti\u1ebfng Urdu, ti\u1ebfng Malayalam, ti\u1ebfng Tamil v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Tagalog, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Al-Fateh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Manama ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Sunni (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi), trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Shi'a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Muharram. C\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 trong khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Shi'a v\u00e0 Sunni. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i (Shi'a v\u00e0 Sunni c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng song song), khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb em t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u2014h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Bahrain\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho Bahrain c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c qu\u1eadn \u1edf Manama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung theo qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch (khu Bengali, khu Philippines, v.v.) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Diwali ho\u1eb7c Gi\u00e1ng sinh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Bahrain t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o (Sunni ho\u1eb7c Shia), nh\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xung quanh bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9), ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 do trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, v\u1edbi t\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i" v\u00e0 "kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c" theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng: b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c gia t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc - \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a Bahrain coi tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1eb9n. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1edbn (\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1m tang ho\u1eb7c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n) l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. Trong kinh doanh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1eadp th\u1ec3: khi ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f9ng u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3 v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea pha th\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e0 ng\u1ecdt (chaabit) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u00f4 l\u1ed7. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n x\u00e3 giao c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p\u2014h\u1ecfi th\u0103m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi x\u00e3 giao\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u1eaft tay ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n m\u00e1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o th\u00e2n m\u1eadt n\u00e0o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n m\u00e1) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trang ph\u1ee5c \u1edf Bahrain ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u1ede th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Manama v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, trang ph\u1ee5c theo phong c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng Bahrain th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c thawb (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dishdasha), m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i cotton tr\u1eafng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u0103n tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u ghutra ho\u1eb7c kaffiyeh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u02bfiq\u0101l (d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u) m\u00e0u \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng phu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp trang tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n: nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng m\u1eb7c thawb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t trong b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c th\u00eau m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bedouin. Trong s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Bahrain, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c trang ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh. \u200b\u200bNhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u02bfab\u0101yah (\u00e1o cho\u00e0ng) d\u00e0i m\u00e0u \u0111en b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u1e25ij\u0101b (kh\u0103n tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u) nh\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c che m\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 (niq\u0101b) hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i sang tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y, qu\u1ea7n jean v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y th\u1ec3 thao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng abaya \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may \u0111o theo ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Bahrain th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u1eb7c trang tr\u1ecdng: theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Bahrain \u0111i l\u00e0m c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t trong ng\u00e0nh y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kinh doanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 abaya \u0111en c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i trang ph\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c b\u00ed m\u1eadt gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh. Kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi gi\u00e0y khi v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0103n m\u1eb7c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 \u0103n m\u1eb7c \u00edt trang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f4n m\u00e1 khi \u1edf g\u1ea7n; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft. Tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u00e0y. Phong c\u00e1ch tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain r\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i "Mar\u1e25aba" (xin ch\u00e0o) ho\u1eb7c "As-sal\u0101m \u02bfalaikum" v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5m \u00e1p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh di s\u1ea3n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Bedouin c\u1ee7a Bahrain, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nghi th\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bahrain nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng phong ph\u00fa ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n trong ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o: \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, d\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i t\u1ea1i Bahrain. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia Bahrain t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t khu ch\u1ee3 s\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf khai th\u00e1c ng\u1ecdc trai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Bahrain. T\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng A\u02bfali, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m n\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Bahrain th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t - m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Dilmun th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i g\u1ed1m A\u02bfali thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn xem nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 nung theo phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111ang ch\u00e1y. \u0110an r\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c: L\u00e0ng Karbabad g\u1ea7n Manama n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u0111an chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 r\u1ed5 t\u1eeb l\u00e1 c\u00e2y ch\u00e0 l\u00e0. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u00e2n gian v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Bahrain tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu (d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m) nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i Al-Sadu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Bahrain. Lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t b\u1edfi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Bedouin, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng len v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0. M\u1ed7i h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft Sadu k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Sadu v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh: B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m d\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 d\u1ec7t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y. Ng\u00e0y nay, Sadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed3 treo t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c - m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 du m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Bahrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Bahrain (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Manama) lu\u00f4n t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3i m\u00f4n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tinh x\u1ea3o (dallah) c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 hoa v\u0103n tinh x\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng - b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh, l\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecf dao g\u0103m - g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdc trai v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 du m\u1ee5c. UNESCO li\u1ec7t k\u00ea Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ecdc trai c\u1ee7a Bahrain (\u1edf Muharraq) l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 ng\u1ecdc trai c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n khoan, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt x\u00e2u ng\u1ecdc trai. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, l\u1eb7n ng\u1ecdc trai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m cho Bahrain n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n ng\u1ecdc trai v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. Di s\u1ea3n UNESCO "Chu\u1ed7i ng\u1ecdc trai" bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00fap l\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n, nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i; Riyadat c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ecdc trai hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eb7n v\u00e0 xem v\u1ecf s\u00f2. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n Bahrain v\u1eabn x\u00e2u ng\u1ecdc trai v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng tay, duy tr\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e1i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc dhow - nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn - trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf Manama v\u00e0 Muharraq v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng khung nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc dhow kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua. Ngo\u00e0i thuy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec1 c\u0169 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: l\u00e0ng \u02bfAl\u012b n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u1ea1ch men th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng trang tr\u00ed nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 d\u1ec7t Karbabad b\u00e1n c\u1ea3 gi\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u0169 l\u00e1 c\u1ecd. Bahrain c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 thi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e8n l\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e8n l\u1ed3ng (fanous) v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft \u1ea2 R\u1eadp l\u00ean \u0111\u00e8n. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Souq al-Araba (Ch\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u1edf Manama), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc mu\u00f4i, th\u1ea3m g\u00f3c, h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t th\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n - m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc mabkhara (l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u1ecf \u0111an b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y ch\u00e0 l\u00e0 - c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Manama (nh\u01b0 Al Riwaq Art Space, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1998) tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y tranh, \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Bahrain v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a Bahrain v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 nh\u01b0 Loulwah Al-Haroon \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Muhammad Al Dairi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean nh\u01b0 Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Bahrain Biennale v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1eddi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Bahrain. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Bahrain, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i Al-Jaroud Hall, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Bahrain v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian, Bahrain c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. S\u1eed thi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Sha'ir v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian v\u1eabn l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c. Th\u01a1 ca Bahrain c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n: nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 Bedouin Nabati trang nghi\u00eam. Trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u01a1 ca b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ali al-Sharqawi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m Qassim Haddad, c\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Bahrain, v\u00e0 Ebrahim Al-Arrayedh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u01a1 \u0111o\u1ea1t Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a Qatar l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Bahrain t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u1eef cao: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Hamda Khamis \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Bahrain \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Fatima al-Taytun v\u00e0 Fawziyya al-Sindi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong khu v\u1ef1c. V\u0103n xu\u00f4i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau \u0111\u00f3: ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain (QuixotiQ c\u1ee7a Ali Al-Saeed, 2004) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebfu nhi b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Bahrain c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Qal'at al-Bahrain cho bi\u1ebft h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Dilmun - m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sumer. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp nh\u00e0 \u1edf, \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i cao t\u1edbi 12 m\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ec9nh Qal'at hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u1ed3 \u200b\u200bs\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt Dilmun: con d\u1ea5u tinh x\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft Bahrain v\u1edbi c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Gilgamesh. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ecdc trai \u1edf Muharraq (Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn) b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 ng\u1ecdc trai v\u00e0 b\u00e3i h\u00e0u - b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Bahrain v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1ecdc trai to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Bahrain th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 Dilmun \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eadt nh\u1ea1c pop to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong xe v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111i l\u00e0m. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n n\u00e0y: c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Eid H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ashura, Bahrain t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2\u2013th\u00e1ng 3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m) thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ba l\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c jazz t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. L\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 12 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa ki\u1ebfm truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (rifa'i) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o hoa \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi giai \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c pop ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi vang l\u00ean: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, k\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed3ng al-nafir v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng daf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1i trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 ban nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c hit ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n neon. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Bahrain \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di s\u1ea3n - ng\u1ecdc trai, th\u01a1 ca, h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng - trong khi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Bahrain lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, "Bahrain c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i". B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi th\u01a1 ca \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Bahrain \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u01a1. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Bahrain (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1946) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Bahrain, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Bahrain hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng coi tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Al Khalifa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 du kh\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Iraq v\u00e0 Anh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4i khi tham kh\u1ea3o. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt (c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Bahrain v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Dilmun \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u01a1 quan V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 C\u1ed5 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ("ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Bahrain") \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Bahrain \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a phong c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, vai tr\u00f2 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chia r\u1ebd. Trong khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 song ng\u1eef m\u1edbi ch\u1edbm n\u1edf: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u00e0 v\u0103n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n song ng\u1eef. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c l\u00e0 QuixotiQ (2004) c\u1ee7a Ali Al-Saeed, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Bahrain vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i sang ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Bahrain \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Bahrain ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Bahrain th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970) hi\u1ec7n thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn du kh\u00e1ch, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di s\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Bahrain lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n vinh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t (ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Dilmun) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian\u2014nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i chim th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Anqa'a hay Qu\u00e1i th\u00fa c\u1ee7a Jinn\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu nhi. S\u1eed thi Gilgamesh g\u1ecdi Dilmun l\u00e0 \u201cKhu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n\u201d, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain khi tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef UNESCO c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o (ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 Dilmun v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ecdc trai) th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc sinh Bahrain nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Bahrain c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a: n\u01a1i Bahrain t\u1eebng l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 ng\u1ecdc trai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c \u1edf Bahrain ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c sawt, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p giai \u0111i\u1ec7u \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 g\u00f5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Sawt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 t\u1ea1i Manama v\u00e0 Muharraq. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu \u00e2m t\u1ea1i Baghdad v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, nh\u01b0ng Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a Bahrain nh\u01b0 Mohammed Faris v\u00e0 Dhabi bin Walid \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao trong khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh. \u200b\u200bC\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t Sawt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 oud (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0n lu\u00fdt c\u1ed5 ng\u1eafn), violin v\u00e0 tabla, v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sa m\u1ea1c. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n: c\u1ed1 Ali Bahar, ca s\u0129 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ban nh\u1ea1c Al-Ekhwa ("The Brothers"), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00ec nh\u1eefng giai \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c pop hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c giai \u0111i\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Bahrain l\u00e0 fidjeri, ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c ca kh\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n ng\u1ecdc trai. Fidjeri l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch acapella to\u00e0n nam do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1eb7n h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nh\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i d\u00e0i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0nh bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u1ecdc trai \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ca \u0111o\u00e0n Fidjeri v\u1eabn luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di s\u1ea3n. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac melisma \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. C\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y Liwa v\u00e0 Tanbura, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Afro-Bahrainis (h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4ng Phi) mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00e8n \u0111\u00f4i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng ven bi\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ph\u00f2ng thu \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Bahrain v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t D\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c giao h\u01b0\u1edfng Bahrain nh\u1ecf. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb Bahrain h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t D\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c giao h\u01b0\u1edfng Bahrain \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (do Mubarak Najem ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o), ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eb1m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c pop, jazz v\u00e0 rock c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng: c\u00e1c ban nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a Spring of Culture h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Ban nh\u1ea1c progressive-rock Osiris, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thang \u00e2m d\u00e2n gian Bahrain v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ti\u00ean phong. V\u00e0 v\u00e2ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea1c heavy metal \u1edf Bahrain, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 radio, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Bahrain tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, Li\u00ean hoan \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ea5u t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, v\u00e0 Li\u00ean hoan nh\u1ea1c Jazz Bahrain mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea2 R\u1eadp l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Mahraganat (electro-sha'abi) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c pop \u1ea2 R\u1eadp t\u1eeb Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Lebanon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 tr\u00ean radio c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c pop Khaliji (c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t nh\u1ea1c pop hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh). Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc kinh Qur'an v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c ca s\u0129 nh\u1ea1c pop \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca t\u00e2m linh trong m\u00f9a l\u1ec5 Ramadhan. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n m\u1eadt trong b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain - t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng s\u00e1o nay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp Sufi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c cao c\u1ea5p, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Bahrain tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede Bahrain, th\u1ec3 thao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfm hoi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00edt r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 (b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c) l\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 Al-Muharraq v\u00e0 Riffa chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadt k\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft: \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00fap v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh (C\u00fap v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh \u1ea2 R\u1eadp) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2025, khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tri \u00e2n chung t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Shi'a v\u00e0 Sunni. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c gia, cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Bahrain \u0111ang \u0103n m\u1eebng h\u00e2n hoan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ec3 thao r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. B\u00f3ng r\u1ed5, b\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng n\u00e9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo d\u00f5i (c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 thi \u0111\u1ea5u theo khu v\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 m\u00f4n cricket c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111am m\u00ea trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam \u00c1 xa x\u1ee9. C\u00f3 t\u1edbi 20 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham d\u1ef1 Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i Olympic g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch g\u1ed1c Kenya). \u0110i\u1ec1n kinh v\u00e0 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Bahrain \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng: c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ua ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y ng\u1ef1a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Sakhir, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ua l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 (v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh di s\u1ea3n c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bedouin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Bahrain l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ua xe th\u1ec3 thao. N\u0103m 2004, Bahrain \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng cai Gi\u1ea3i \u0111ua xe C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 1. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ua qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Bahrain, n\u1eb1m \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Sakhir, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n khai m\u1ea1c n\u0103m 2004 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc Ferrari c\u1ee7a Michael Schumacher gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua ban \u0111\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn F1 c\u1ee7a Bahrain tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u1ea3i \u0111ua xe C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 1 \u0111\u00eam tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh (sau Singapore). Ngo\u00e0i F1, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ua c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua xe k\u00e9o v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (8 gi\u1edd Bahrain). Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Bahrain. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Bahrain l\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 thao to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Bahrain t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua thuy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i quy\u1ec1n anh nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 (\u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1) v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p: Sheikh Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u BRAVE, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u MMA qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn Bahrain v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda cho m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng: Bahrain coi th\u1ec3 thao l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai, c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a "Bahrain". Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn bao g\u1ed3m b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 al-arsi (m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt) v\u00e0 keekle (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea3y d\u00e2y); nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1nh (16 th\u00e1ng 12) ho\u1eb7c Ng\u00e0y H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 tr\u1ebb em v\u1eaby c\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng: Thanh ni\u00ean Bahrain theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Gi\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng Anh v\u00e0 NBA tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 tinh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (\u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n n\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi 19 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd khi gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 T\u00e2y \u00c1 n\u0103m 2019). Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng thi \u0111\u1ea5u trong trang ph\u1ee5c abaya ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c). Nh\u00ecn chung, th\u1ec3 thao \u1edf Bahrain th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y: b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao di s\u1ea3n (\u0111ua ng\u1ef1a, ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdc trai) trong khi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c thi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eeba l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chung, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ranh gi\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 thao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a kinh th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean Bahrain l\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ed1m c\u1ed5 ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Quran c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edf m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n l\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tay v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft blog tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Bahrain v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i - m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i khi nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 khoan dung v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bahrain v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Philippines-Bahrain, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u1eef di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5. m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb Philippines Al-Alawi Mona Marbella<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35484,"parent":35335,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35481","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35481"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35481\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/th> T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead> H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh)<\/strong><\/td> \u224875\u201381%<\/td><\/tr> \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Sunni<\/td> ~35\u201340% c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh)<\/td><\/tr> \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Shi'a<\/td> ~40\u201345% c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh)<\/td><\/tr> Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/td> \u224810\u201312%<\/td><\/tr> \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/td> \u22486\u20137% (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i)<\/td><\/tr> Kh\u00e1c (Baha'\u012b, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Sikh, Do Th\u00e1i, v.v.)<\/strong><\/td> \u22480,2\u20131%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Di s\u1ea3n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n