Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, chi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 33,9 km\u00b2 \u1edf ch\u00e2n d\u00e3y n\u00fai Table tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ba Lan-S\u00e9c, c\u00e1ch K\u0142odzko kho\u1ea3ng 40 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Prague 140 km. N\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i Bystra ch\u1ea3y qua, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 370 m \u0111\u1ebfn 420 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, mang l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t vi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Thung l\u0169ng K\u0142odzko li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1448 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Lipolitov, khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp\u2014Chudoba, Kudoba v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945, Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j\u2014ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1eeb Bohemia sang Ph\u1ed5, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ba Lan. T\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Henry C\u1ea3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1edd c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai Sto\u0142owe.<\/p>\n
Thung l\u0169ng m\u00e0 Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh lang t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa D\u00e3y n\u00fai Sto\u0142owe v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i Orlick\u00e9. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng Kudowa, khe n\u1ee9t n\u00e0y d\u1eabn d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i Bystra v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Metuje v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Elbe, \u0111\u01b0a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ra t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebft tan tr\u00ean n\u00fai v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a qua m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c \u1edf r\u00eca th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1eddi gian n\u1eafng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i; t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1976 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 7,1 \u00b0C, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh th\u00e1ng 7 l\u00e0 16,4 \u00b0C v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e1ng 1 l\u00e0 -3,0 \u00b0C. T\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n 618 mm, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7, trong khi l\u1edbp tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t - th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4 - trung b\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 1 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ng\u00e0y tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i. Gi\u00f3 t\u00e2y nam v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 nam th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lu\u00f4n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh qua c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 1972\u20131973 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng Kudowa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed n\u0103m 1580, do Louis x\u1ee9 N\u00e1chod ch\u1ea5p b\u00fat, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean Cermenske Lazne. M\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 Tin l\u00e0nh, G. Aelurius, \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn n\u0103m 1625 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh "Glaciografia", ca ng\u1ee3i c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 tim v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1847, kho\u1ea3ng ba tr\u0103m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Adolf Duflos \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 J. Jacob \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1900, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 4.150 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u asen v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a spa ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5. Sau khi khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Bohemia sang tay Ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1742, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn Glatz (ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 K\u0142odzko) v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1818 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y mang t\u00ean Bad Kudowa, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1871 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c. Kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Gebr\u00fcder Martin und Paul Polka v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1920 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf spa l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch l\u1eebng l\u1eaby nh\u01b0 Winston Churchill v\u00e0 Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf Helmut von Moltke. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1911 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1931, Raphael Friedeberg \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i spa, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00f3a b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n Slav\u01a1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba danh, tuy nhi\u00ean qu\u1eadn Zakrze v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh y\u00ean b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung Gross-Rosen \u1edf qu\u1eadn Zakrze, giam gi\u1eef ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Luigi Baldan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m mang th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u00ed m\u1eadt b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh Ba Lan v\u00e0 S\u00e9c - \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m khi anh tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c du k\u00edch S\u00e9c che gi\u1ea5u. Nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1i. Sau n\u0103m 1945, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Potsdam v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Ba Lan, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng do Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j sau chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u th\u00eam b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e9c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng S\u00e9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t Zakrze, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u0103m 1962, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1ea1c L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Moniuszko qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, vinh danh Stanis\u0142aw Moniuszko, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c k\u1ecbch opera qu\u1ed1c gia Ba Lan. V\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng 5, du kh\u00e1ch t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i gian h\u00e0ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean spa \u0111\u1ec3 nghe c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1eeba l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Spa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo phong c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u hecta, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j. Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch qua nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e2u n\u0103m, ao kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gian h\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng b\u01a1m, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ba su\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng. Su\u1ed1i Marchlewski v\u00e0 \u015aniadecki ch\u1ea3y b\u00ean trong gian h\u00e0ng, trong khi su\u1ed1i Moniuszko s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt g\u1ea7n ao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c thu ph\u00ed. N\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u asen, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng chai b\u1edfi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p spa, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i d\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u00edch, c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean kia C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Spa, di s\u1ea3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 St. Catherine, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1679 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, neo gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng l\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3nh \u0111i d\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1906 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc Ph\u1ed1 Zdrojowa. B\u00ean kia Bystra \u1edf qu\u1eadn Czermna, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. Bartholomew, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1384 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t trong ba nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, long tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Byzantine d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1904 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1924 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. Hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 v\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong Kinh th\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u1ea9n. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Di s\u1ea3n \u1edf Pstr\u0105\u017cna tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i Sudeten. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf; b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed qu\u00fd \u201cPami\u0119tnik Kudowski\u201d, do b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j c\u0169ng duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch \u1edf d\u1ea1ng thu nh\u1ecf. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u1ebech tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh th\u00e0nh Trung t\u00e2m sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Sto\u0142owe Mountains, tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0 trong khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t: Szczeliniec Wielki, \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a D\u00e3y n\u00fai B\u00e0n, nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng, cao nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc th\u00e0nh m\u00ea cung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khe n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 g\u1edd \u0111\u00e1. B\u0142\u0119dne Ska\u0142y, hay \u0110\u00e1 Errant, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00ea cung g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c hang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u01b0a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e1p ph\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Wambierzyce, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 "Jerusalem Silesian" v\u00ec n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t theo phong c\u00e1ch Calvary v\u00e0 Baroque k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 tr\u1eafng ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9. Hang G\u1ea5u \u1edf Kletno, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch, che ch\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y m\u00e2m x\u00f4i ng\u1eadp n\u1eafng \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 8, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng E67 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u1ed1i Prague v\u1edbi Helsinki, \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Wroc\u0142aw, Warsaw v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ec9nh s\u1ed1 387 ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u015acinawka G\u00f3rna. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn K\u0142odzko cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Ba Lan. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2007, b\u1ed1n c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn N\u00e1chod v\u1eabn m\u1edf; vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ch\u00fang theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Schengen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do di chuy\u1ec3n qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi S\u00e9c, hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ba km \u0111\u1ebfn S\u0142one l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i trong nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002 b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00edt th\u1edf, peloid v\u00e0 kinesitherapy. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 \u1edf t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ed1n sao. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho xe \u0111\u1ea1p t\u1ecfa ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n tr\u00ean n\u00fai v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tour \u0111i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac. Nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n spa tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 trong v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u01a1i du kh\u00e1ch n\u1ebfm th\u1eed b\u00e1nh g\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bqu\u1ea3 m\u00e2m x\u00f4i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. Nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a thu th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Spa; s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng bao ph\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t trong b\u0103ng gi\u00e1; m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng l\u00e1 kim n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai sa th\u1ea1ch, v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean. Trong h\u01a1n n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - y h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a - m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo. Trong thung l\u0169ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n spa \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kudowa-Zdr\u00f3j, n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y nam Ba Lan, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1eb1m \u1edf Qu\u1eadn K\u0142odzko, Voivodeship H\u1ea1 Silesian, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ba Lan-S\u00e9c, c\u00e1ch K\u0142odzko kho\u1ea3ng 40 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Prague 140 km.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17500,"parent":12137,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16945","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16945\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12137"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}